1948

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"Pop culture - the folk culture of the modern market, the culture of the instant, at once subsuming past and future and refusing to acknowledge the reality of either - began about 1948, in the United States and Great Britain." --Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the Twentieth Century, p. 257.

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1948 is the 948th year of the 2nd millennium, the 48th year of the 20th century, and the 9th year of the 1940s decade.

1 Art and culture
2 Births
3 Deaths
4 Deaths

Art and culture

The United Nations General Assembly adopts the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Jack Kerouac introduces the term Beat Generation
Alfred Kinsey publishes Sexual Behavior in the Human Male

Literature

And We'll Kill All the Ugly Ones by Boris Vian
The City and the Pillar by Gore Vidal
The Great Tradition by F. R. Leavis

Visual culture

Music

Étude aux chemins de fer by Pierre Schaeffer is recorded
Black Coffee by written by Sonny Burke, the lyrics by Paul Francis Webster

Births

Tee Scott
Catherine Breillat
Ian McEwan
Martin Hannett
William Gibson
Francis Grasso
Glenn Branca
Catherine Millet
Eric Fischl
Donald Fagen, American rock keyboardist
John Carpenter, American film director, producer, screenwriter and composer
Rick James, American Motown performer (d. 2004)
Alice Cooper, American hard rock singer and musician
Barbara Hershey, American actress
Kitten Natividad, Mexican-American film actress
Pim Fortuyn, Dutch politician and author (d. 2002)
Mike Figgis, American director, screenwriter and composer
Bernadette Peters, American actress and singer
James Ellroy, American writer
Eddy Grant, Guyanese British singer and musician
Jimmy Cliff, Jamaican singer and actor
Jan Hammer, Czechoslovakian composer, pianist and keyboardist
Terry Pratchett, English comic fantasy and science fiction author (d. 2015)
Joe Esposito, American singer-songwriter
Steve Winwood, English rock singer
Brian Eno, English musician and record producer
Stevie Nicks, American rock singer and songwriter
Nick Drake, English musician (d. 1974)
Nathalie Baye, French film, television and stage actress
Cat Stevens, born Steven Georgiou, later known as Yusuf Islam, British singer, musician
Robert Plant, English singer (Led Zeppelin)
Jean Michel Jarre, French electronic musician
Fred Hampton, American activist (d. 1969)
John Martyn, born Iain McGeachy, British folk-rock guitarist (d. 2009)
Jeremy Irons, English actor
Olivia Newton-John, English-born Australian singer and actress
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Pakistani musician (d. 1997)
T. Coraghessan Boyle, American writer
Lester Bangs, American music journalist (d. 1982)
Samuel L. Jackson, African-American actor and film producer
Gérard Depardieu, French actor
Joe Dallesandro, American model and actor
Donna Summer, African-American singer and actress (d. 2012)

Deaths

January 8 – Kurt Schwitters, German artist (b. 1887)
February 9 – Karl Valentin, German actor (b. 1882)
February 11 – Sergei Eisenstein, Soviet film director (b. 1898)
March 4 – Antonin Artaud, French playwright, actor and director (b. 1896)
July 21 – Arshile Gorky, Soviet-born painter (b. 1904)
July 23 – D. W. Griffith, American film director (The Birth Of A Nation) (b. 1875)
September 13 – Paul Wegener, German actor, film director, and screenwriter; one of the pioneers of German Expressionism (b. 1874)

Deaths

January

January 1 – Edna May, American actress (b. 1878)
January 2 – Vicente Huidobro, Chilean poet (b. 1893)
January 4 – Anna Kallina, Austrian actress (b. 1874)
January 5 – Mary Dimmick Harrison, wife of President Benjamin Harrison (b. 1858)
January 7
- Charles C. Wilson, American actor (b. 1894)
- Maria de Maeztu Whitney, Spanish educator and feminist (b. 1882)
- Edward Stanley Kellogg, 16th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1870)
January 12 – Herbert Allen Farmer, American criminal (b. 1891)
January 19 – Tony Garnier, French architect (b. 1869)
January 21
- Eliza Moore, last person born into slavery in the United States (b. 1843)
- Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari, Italian composer (b. 1876)
January 24
- Bill Cody, American actor (b. 1891)
- Giuseppe Giaccardo, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1896)
- Maria Mandl, Austrian criminal (b. 1912)
January 26 – Georg Bruchmüller, influential German artillery officer (b. 1863)
January 28 – Anna Maria Gove, American physician (b. 1867)
January 29 – King Tomislav II of Croatia (b. 1900)
January 30
- Nigel De Brulier, British actor (b. 1877)
- Sir Arthur Coningham, British air force air marshal (disappeared) (b. 1895)
- Mahatma Gandhi, Leader of Indian independence movement, (assassinated) (b. 1869)
- Herb Pennock, American baseball player (New York Yankees) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1894)
- Orville Wright, American co-inventor of the airplane (b. 1871)
January 31 – John T. Daniels, American Coast Guardsman, took the Wright brothers first flight photograph (b. 1873)

February

February 1 – Jatindramohan Bagchi, Indian (Bengali) poet (b. 1878)
February 2 – Bevil Rudd, South African athlete (b. 1894)
February 3 – Laura Wheeler Waring, African-American painter, known for Harlem Renaissance portraits (b. 1887)
February 4 – Otto Praeger, American postal official who implemented U.S. Airmail (b. 1871)
February 8 – Samuel P. Bush, American businessman and industrialist (b. 1863)
February 9
- Burns Mantle, American theatre critic (b. 1873)
- Karl Valentin, German actor (b. 1882)
- Isaac Isaacs, 9th Governor-General of Australia (b. 1855)
February 12 – Theodor Caspari, Norwegian poet, novelist, writer, literary critic and teacher (b. 1853)
February 14 – Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1876)
February 15 – Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, Indian poet (b. 1904)
February 17 – Enrique Finochietto, Argentine academic, physician and inventor (b. 1881)
February 18 – Renato Balestrero, Italian racecar driver (b. 1898)
February 23 – John Robert Gregg, Irish-born inventor of shorthand (b. 1866)
February 25
- Alfredo Baldomir, Uruguayan politician, soldier and architect, 27th President of Uruguay, leader of World War II (b. 1884)
- Alexander du Toit, South African geologist (b. 1878)
- Felix Krueger, German psychologist (b. 1874)
- Juan Esteban Montero, Chilean political figure and 20th President of Chile (b. 1879)
February 27
- Charles Gifford, New Zealand astronomer, explorer and teacher (b. 1861)
- Patriarch Nicodim of Romania (b. 1864)
February 28 – Camila Quiroga, Argentine actress (b. 1891)

March

[[File:Donpierofolli.JPG|thumb|110px|right|Blessed Piero Folli]]

March 1 – Gabriel Brunet de Sairigné, French general (b. 1913)
March 6 – Ross Lockridge, Jr., American novelist (suicide) (b. 1914)
March 8 – Piero Folli, Italian Roman Catholic priest and blessed (b. 1881)
March 10
- Zelda Fitzgerald, American wife of F. Scott Fitzgerald (b. 1900)
- Jan Masaryk, Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia (b. 1886)
March 14
- Giuseppina Catanea, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed (b. 1894)
- Senge Motomaro, Japanese poet (b. 1888)
March 17 – Paul Dupuy, French historian and biographer (b. 1856)
March 23 – Kōzō Satō, Japanese admiral (b. 1871)
March 24
- Nikolai Berdyaev, Soviet religious leader and political philosopher (b. 1874)
- Giovanni Cuomo, Italian politician, lawyer and teacher (b. 1874)
- Paolo Thaon di Revel, former admiral of the Royal Italian Navy (b. 1859)
- Sabbas of Kalymnos, Greek Orthodox priest and saint (b. 1862)
March 30 – Giovanni Ceirano, Italian industrialist and automotive pioneer (b. 1865)
March 31 – Egon Erwin Kisch, Austrian journalist and author (b. 1885)

April

April 2
- Biagio Biagetti, Italian painter (b. 1877)
- Baba Sawan Singh, Indian saint known as "The Great Master" (b. 1858)
April 5 – Angelo Joseph Rossi, American political figure and Mayor of San Francisco (b. 1878)
April 7 – Isabel Andreu de Aguilar, Puerto Rican writer, educator, philanthropist and activist (b. 1887)
April 8 – Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Palestinian Arab nationalist (b. 1907)
April 9
- George Carpenter, 5th General of The Salvation Army (b. 1872)
- Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian politician (assassinated) (b. 1903)
April 15 – Manuel Roxas, Filipino statesman, 5th President of the Philippines (b. 1892)
April 17 – Kantarō Suzuki, Japanese admiral, 42nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1868)
April 19 – Mikhail Rostovtsev, Soviet actor (b. 1872)
April 20 – Mitsumasa Yonai, Japanese admiral and politician, 37th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1880)
April 21 – Carlos López Buchardo, Argentine composer (b. 1881)
April 22 – Prosper Montagné, French chef and author (b. 1865)
April 23 – Prince Albrecht of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (b. 1863)
April 24 – Manuel Ponce, Mexican composer (b. 1882)
April 25 – Gerardo Matos Rodriguez, Uruguayan composer, journalist and pianist (b. 1897)
April 30 – Alfredo Miguel Aguayo Sánchez, Puerto Rican educator and writer (b. 1866)

May

May 2 – Ángel Maria Herrera, Panamanian educator (b. 1859)
May 3 – Ernst Tandefelt, Finnish nobleman, assassin of Minister Ritavuori (b. 1876)
May 9
- Viola Allen, American actress (b. 1867)
- Frank Leigh, British actor (b. 1876)
May 13
- Milan Begović, Yugoslavian writer (b. 1876)
- Kathleen Cavendish, Marchioness of Hartington (b. 1920)
May 15
- André Dauchez, French painter (b. 1870)
- Father Edward J. Flanagan, Irish-born American Roman Catholic priest, founder of Boys Town and monsignor (b. 1886)
- Toyoaki Horiuchi, Japanese general, Class B war criminal suspect (executed) (b. 1900)
May 16 – Muhammad Habibullah, Indian politician (b. 1869)
May 18 – Francisco Alonso, Spanish composer (b. 1887)
May 19 – Maximilian Lenz, Austrian painter and sculptor (b. 1860)
May 21 – Jacques Feyder, French filmmaker (b. 1885)
May 22 – Claude McKay, Jamaican-born American writer and poet (b. 1889)
May 26 – Émile Gaston Chassinat, French egyptologist (b. 1868)
May 28 – Unity Mitford, British socialite; friend of Adolf Hitler (b. 1914)
May 29 – Dame May Whitty, British actress (b. 1865)
May 30 – József Klekl, Slovene politician in Hungary (b. 1874)

June

June 1 – José Vianna da Motta, Portuguese pianist, teacher and composer (b. 1868)
June 2 – Viktor Brack, German doctor (b. 1904), executed by hanging for warcrimes
- Karl Brandt, German S.S. officer (b. 1904)
- Rudolf Brandt, German S.S. officer (b. 1909)
- Karl Gebhardt, German S.S. officer (b. 1897)
- Waldemar Hoven, German S.S. officer (b. 1903)
- Joachim Mrugowsky, German S.S. officer (b. 1905)
- Wolfram Sievers, German S.S. officer (b. 1905)
June 6 – Louis Lumière, French film pioneer (b. 1864)
June 8 – Giacomo Albanese, Italian mathematician (b. 1890)
June 13 – Osamu Dazai, Japanese writer (b. 1909)
June 16 – Eugênia Álvaro Moreyra, Brazilian journalist, actress and director (b. 1898)
June 25
- Bento de Jesus Caraça, Portuguese mathematician, economist, statistician (b. 1901)
- William C. Lee, American general (b. 1895)
June 26
- Nasib al-Bitar, Palestine jurist (b. 1890)
- Lilian Velez, Filipino actress (murder) (b. 1924)
June 30 – Prince Sabahaddin (b. 1879)

July

July 1 – Assunta Marchetti, Italian Roman Catholic religious professed and blessed
July 4
- Albert Bates, American criminal (b. 1893)
- Monteiro Lobato, Brazilian writer (b. 1882)
July 5
- Georges Bernanos, French writer (b. 1888)
- Charles Fillmore, American Protestant mystic (b. 1854)
- Carole Landis, American actress player (b. 1919)
July 9
- James Baskett, American actor (Uncle Remus in Disney's Song of the South) (b. 1904)
- Alcibiades Diamandi, Greek political figure (b. 1893)
July 11
- King Baggot, American actor (b. 1879)
- Franz Weidenreich, German anatomist and physical anthropologist (b. 1873)
July 14
- Harry Brearley, British inventor of stainless steel (b. 1871)
- Marguerite Moreno, French actress (b. 1871)
July 15 – John J. Pershing, American general (b. 1860)
July 17 – Ildebrando Zacchini, Maltese painter, inventor and traveller (b. 1868)
July 18
- May Moss, Australian women's rights activist (b. 1869)
- Baldassarre Negroni, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1877)
July 21 – Arshile Gorky, Soviet-born painter (b. 1904)
July 22 – Sud Mennucci, Brazilian journalist and educator (b. 1882)
July 23 – D. W. Griffith, American film director (The Birth Of A Nation) (b. 1875)
July 24 – Pencho Zlatev, Bulgarian general, 25th Prime Minister of Bulgaria (b. 1881)
July 26 – Antonin Sertillanges, French Catholic philosopher and spiritual writer (b. 1863)
July 27 – Joe Tinker, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1880)
July 28 – Susan Glaspell, American playwright (b. 1882)
July 31 – Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd, mistress of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (b. 1891)

August

August 3 – Tommy Ryan, American boxing champion (b. 1870)
August 7 – Charles Bryant, American actor (b. 1879)
August 10
- Kan'ichi Asakawa, Japanese historian (b. 1873)
- Andrew Brown, Scottish soccer coach (b. 1870)
August 13 – Edwin Maxwell, Irish actor (b. 1886)
August 16 – Babe Ruth, American baseball player (New York Yankees) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1895)
August 17 – Mariette Rheiner Garner, Second Lady of the United States (b. 1869)
August 18 – Mikhail Tarkhanov, Soviet actor (b. 1877)
August 26 – George Anderson, American actor (b. 1886)
August 27
- Cissie Cahalan, Irish trade union, feminist and suffragette (b. 1876)
- Charles Evans Hughes, 11th Chief Justice of the United States (b. 1862)

September

September 1 – Muhammad VII al-Munsif, ruler of Tunisia 1942–43 (b. 1881)
September 2 – Sylvanus G. Morley, American scholar and World War I spy (b. 1883)
September 3 – Edvard Beneš, Czechoslovakian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia and 2-time President of Czechoslovakia (b. 1884)
September 5 – Richard C. Tolman, American mathematical physicist (b. 1881)
September 7 – André Suarès, French poet and critic (b. 1868)
September 10 – Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, Tsar of Bulgaria (b. 1861)
September 11 – Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, founder and first Governor General of Pakistan (b. 1876)
September 12
- Rupert D'Oyly Carte, British hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (b. 1876)
- Carlo Servolini, Italian artist (b. 1876)
September 13 – Paul Wegener, German actor, film director, and screenwriter; one of the pioneers of German Expressionism (b. 1874)
September 17
- Ruth Benedict, American anthropologist and folklorist (b. 1887)
- Folke Bernadotte, Swedish diplomat (assassinated) (b. 1895)
- Emil Ludwig, German-born Swiss historian and biographer (b. 1881)
- Raffaele Rossi, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal, eminence and servant of God (b. 1876)
September 20 – Husain Salaahuddin, Famous Mahl writer (b. 1881)
September 22 – Prince Adalbert of Prussia (b. 1884)
September 24 – Warren William, American actor (b. 1894)
September 26 – Gregg Toland, American cinematographer (b. 1904)
September 27 – Frank Cellier, British actor (b. 1884)
September 30
- Vasily Kachalov, Soviet actor (b. 1875)
- Edith Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (b. 1861)

October

[[File:Bain News Service - Franz Lehár.jpg|thumb|100px|Franz Lehár]]

October 1 – Phraya Manopakorn Nititada, 1st Prime Minister of Siam (b. 1884)
October 2 – Mary Ryan, American actress (b. 1885)
October 4 – Ghulam Hussain Hidayatullah, Pakistani politician (b. 1879)
October 5 – Umberto Coromaldi, Italian painter (b. 1870)
October 10 – Saif Ali Janjua, Pakistani commander (b. 1922)
October 12
- Susan Sutherland Isaacs, British educational psychologist and psychoanalyst (b. 1885)
- Albert Power, Australian Roman Catholic and Jesuit priest and reverend (b. 1870)
October 13 – Samuel S. Hinds, American actor (b. 1875)
October 14 – Dale Fuller, American actress (b. 1885)
October 15 – Edythe Chapman, American actress (b. 1863)
October 16 – Maria Olga de Moraes Sarmento da Silveira, Portuguese feminist and writer (b. 1881)
October 18 – Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (b. 1881)
October 19 – Mehmet Suphi Kula, Turkish general (b. 1881)
October 21 – Elissa Landi, Italian actress (b. 1904)
October 22
- Guillaume de Jerphanion, French Jesuit, epigrapher, geographer, photographer, linguist and archaeologist (b. 1877)
- Alexander Piorkowski, German SS officer (b. 1904)
- William Royland, British baronet
October 24
- Franz Lehár, Hungarian composer (b. 1870)
- Peter Murdoch, Australian politician (b. 1865)
October 31 – Mary Nolan, American actress (b. 1905)

November

November 4
- Albert Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield, British-born American businessman (b. 1874)
- Filippo Perlo, Italian Roman Catholic prelate and missionary (b. 1873)
November 7 – David Leland, American actor (b. 1932)
November 8 – Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria (b. 1874)
November 9 – Edgar Kennedy, American actor (b. 1890)
November 10
- Julius Curtius, German politician and diplomat (b. 1877)
- Jack Nelson, American actor and director (b. 1882)
November 11 – Fred Niblo, American film director (b. 1874)
November 12 – Umberto Giordano, Italian composer (b. 1867)
November 17 – Oerip Soemohardjo, Indonesian general (b. 1893)
November 21 – Béla Miklós, Hungarian military officer and politician, 38th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1890)
November 23 – Hack Wilson, American baseball player (Chicago Cubs) and a member of the MLB Hall of Fame (b. 1900)
November 28 – D. D. Sheehan, Irish politician (b. 1873)
November 29
- Maria Koppenhöfer, German actress (b. 1901)
- Roberto Omegna, Italian cinematographer and director (b. 1876)
November 30 – Franco Vittadini, Italian composer (b. 1884)

December

December 3
- Jan Hendrik Hofmeyr, South African politician (b. 1894)
- Luis Orrego Luco, Chilean politician, lawyer, novelist and diplomat (b. 1866)
- Chano Pozo, Cuban percussionist (b. 1915)
December 8 – Matthew Charlton, Australian politician (b. 1866)
December 15 – João Tamagnini Barbosa, Portuguese military officer and politician, 69th Prime Minister of Portugal (b. 1883)
December 20 – C. Aubrey Smith, British actor (b. 1863)
December 23 – Japanese war leaders (hanged):
- Kenji Doihara, general (b. 1883)
- Kōki Hirota, diplomat and politician, 32nd Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1878)
- Seishirō Itagaki, military officer (b. 1885)
- Heitarō Kimura, general (b. 1888)
- Iwane Matsui, general (b. 1878)
- Akira Mutō, general (b. 1892)
- Hideki Tojo, general, 40th Prime Minister of Japan (b. 1884)
December 26 – John Westley, American actor (b. 1878)
December 28
- Muhammad Saleh Akbar Hydari, Indian civil servant and politician (b. 1894)
- Mahmoud an-Nukrashi Pasha, Egyptian political figure, 27th Prime Minister of Egypt (assassinated) (b. 1888)
December 29 – Guido Di Ruggiero, Italian philosopher, professor and politician (b. 1888)
December 31 – Sir Malcolm Campbell, English land and water racer (b. 1885)

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1948

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

Contents

Art and culture

Literature

Visual culture

Music

Births

Deaths

Deaths

January

February

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