1945  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

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1940 - 1941 - 1942 - 1943 - 1944 - 1945 - 1946 - 1947 - 1948 - 1949

Art and culture

• The end of World War II and the public disclosure of the Holocaust atrocities
• Paragraph 175: when concentration camps were liberated, gays were not freed but made to serve out their sentence under Paragraph 175
• Adolf Hitler committs suicide as Russian shells exploded in the Chancellery garden above. It was twelve years and three months since he had become dictator of Germany.
• Vannevar Bush foresees the invention of hypertext

Books

• La Môme Vert-de-Gris by Peter Cheyney, first title in the Série Noire
• Naked City, a 1945 book collection of photographs, by the American photographer Weegee.

Film

• Mom and Dad by William Beaudine
• Open City by Roberto Rossellini

Births

• Greil Marcus, American music journalist and cultural critic
• Jorge Ben Jor, Brazilian musician

Deaths

• Adolf Hitler (1889 - 1945)
• Benito Mussolini ( 1883 - 1945)
• February 25 – Mário de Andrade, Brazilian writer and photographer (b. 1893)
• March 20 – Lord Alfred Douglas, English poet (b. 1870)

• • Eliyahu Bet-Zuri, Israeli assassin (executed) (b. 1922)
  • Eliyahu Hakim, Israeli assassin (executed) (b. 1925)
• March 23 – Elisabeth de Rothschild, French WWII heroine (executed) (b. 1902)
• March 26
  • David Lloyd George, Welsh Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1863)
  • Tadamichi Kuribayashi, Imperial Japanese Army general (b. 1891)
• March 29 – Ferenc Csik, Hungarian swimmer (b. 1913)
• March 30 – Élise Rivet, French nun and war heroine (b. 1890)
• March 31
  • Hans Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
  • Harriet Boyd-Hawes, American archaeologist (b. 1871)
  • Torgny Segerstedt, Swedish newspaper editor and publicist (b. 1876)

April

[[File:FDR in 1933.jpg|thumb|120px|Franklin D. Roosevelt]] [[File:Mussolini mezzobusto.jpg|thumb|120px|Benito Mussolini]] [[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S33882, Adolf Hitler retouched.jpg|thumb|120px|Adolf Hitler]]

• April – Auguste van Pels, German-Jewish housemate of Anne Frank (b. 1900)
• April 5 – Huldreich Georg Früh, Swiss composer (b. 1903)
• April 7 – Elizabeth Bibesco, British writer (b. 1897) (pneumonia)
• April 9
  • Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German theologian (hanged) (b. 1906)
  • Wilhelm Canaris, head of the German Abwehr (hanged) (b. 1887)
• April 10
  • Gloria Dickson, American actress (b. 1917)
  • H.N. Werkman, Dutch artist and printer (executed) (b. 1882)
  • Walther Wever, German fighter ace (b. 1923)
• April 12 – Franklin D. Roosevelt, 32nd President of the United States (b. 1882)
• April 18
  • Arthur Andrew Cipriani, Trinidad and Tobago labour leader (b. 1875)
  • Ernie Pyle, American journalist (sniper fire) (b. 1900)
  • William, Prince of Albania (b. 1876)
• April 21 – Walter Model, German field marshal (b. 1891)
• April 22 – Käthe Kollwitz, German artist (b. 1867)
• April 24 – Ernst-Robert Grawitz, German Reichsphysician (S.S. and Police) in the Third Reich (b. 1899)
• April 27 – Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil, Turkish author (b. 1867)
• April 28
  • Benito Mussolini, Italian Fascist dictator (executed) (b. 1883)
  • Hermann Fegelein, German Nazi general (b. 1906)
• April 29 – Malcolm McGregor, American actor (b. 1892)
• April 30
  • Adolf Hitler, German Nazi dictator (suicide) (b. 1889)
  • Eva Braun, German wife of Adolf Hitler (suicide) (b. 1912)
  • William Darby, American creator of the U.S. Army Rangers (b. 1911)
  • Luisa Ferida, Italian actress (b. 1914) (executed)

May

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1968-101-20A, Joseph Goebbels.jpg|thumb|120px|Joseph Goebbels]]

• May 1
  • Joseph Goebbels, German Nazi propagandist (suicide) (b. 1897)
  • Magda Goebbels, wife of Joseph Goebbels (suicide) (b. 1901)
• May 2 – Martin Bormann, German Nazi leader (b. 1900)
• May 4 – Fedor von Bock, German field marshal (b. 1880)
• May 5 – Peter van Pels, German-Jewish love interest of diarist Anne Frank (b. 1926)
• May 8
  • Ernst-Günther Baade, German general (b. 1897) (gangrene)
  • Wilhelm Rediess, SS and Police Leader of Nazi-occupied Norway (suicide) (b. 1900)
  • Josef Terboven, Reichskommissar of Nazi-occupied Norway (suicide) (b. 1898)
  • Bernhard Rust, Education Minister of Nazi Germany (suicide) (b. 1883)
• May 11 – Kiyoshi Ogawa, Japanese kamikaze pilot (born 1922)
• May 14 – Heber J. Grant, 7th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (b. 1856)
• May 15 – Charles Williams, British author (b. 1886)
• May 17 – Bobby Hutchins, Our Gang films child actor (b. 1925)
• May 18 – William Joseph Simmons, American founder of the second KKK (b. 1880)
• May 19 – Philipp Bouhler, German Nazi leader (b. 1899)
• May 23 – Heinrich Himmler, German head of the SS (suicide) (b. 1900)
• May 24 – Robert Ritter von Greim, German field marshal (suicide) (b. 1892)
• May 31 – Odilo Globocnik, Austrian Nazi leader (suicide) (b. 1904)

June

• June 8 – Robert Desnos, French poet and resistance fighter (b. 1900)
• June 15 – Nikola Avramov, Bulgarian painter (b. 1897)
• June 16
  • Henry Bellamann, American writer (b. 1882)
  • Nikolai Berzarin, Soviet Red Army general (b. 1904)
  • Aris Velouchiotis, Greek WW II Resistance leader (b. 1905)
• June 18 – Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr., American general, KIA on Okinawa (b. 1886)
• June 23 – Giuseppina Tuissi, Italian resistance member (b. 1923)

July

• July 5 – John Curtin, 14th Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1885)
• July 12 – Wolfram Freiherr von Richthofen, German field marshal (b. 1895)
• July 13 – Alla Nazimova, Russian actress (b. 1879)
• July 16 – Addison Randall, American actor (b. 1906)
• July 17 – Ernst Busch, German field marshal (b. 1885)
• July 20 – Paul Valéry, French poet (b. 1871)
• July 28 – Margot Asquith, Countess of Oxford and Asquith (b. 1864)
• July 31 – Artemio Ricarte, Filipino general (b. 1866)

August

• August 2 – Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer (b. 1863)
• August 9 – Harry Hillman, American athlete (b. 1881)
• August 10 – Robert Goddard, American rocket scientist (b. 1882)
• August 15
  • Korechika Anami, Japanese general (b. 1887)
  • Matome Ugaki, Japanese admiral (b. 1890)
• August 16 – Takijirō Ōnishi, Japanese admiral (b. 1891)
• August 18 – Subhas Chandra Bose, Indian political leader (b. 1897)
• August 19 – Tomás Burgos, Chilean philanthropist (b.1875)
• August 25 – Willis Augustus Lee, American admiral (b. 1888)
• August 26 – Franz Werfel, Austrian writer (b. 1890)
• August 31 – Stefan Banach, Polish mathematician (b. 1892)

September

• September 1 – Frank Craven, American actor (b. 1881)
• September 6 – John S. McCain, Sr., American admiral (b. 1884)
• September 12 – Sugiyama Hajime, Japanese general (b. 1880)
• September 15 – Anton Webern, Austrian composer (b. 1883)
• September 16 – John McCormack, Irish tenor (b. 1884)
• September 20
  • Jack Thayer, Titanic survivor (b. 1894)
  • Eduard Wirths, German doctor, chief SS doctor at Auschwitz concentration camp (suicide) (b. 1909)
• September 24 – Johannes Hans Geiger, German physicist and inventor (b. 1882)
• September 26
  • Béla Bartók, Hungarian composer (b. 1881)
  • A. Peter Dewey, first American casualty in Vietnam (b. 1916)

October

[[File:Pierre Laval a Meurisse 1931.jpg|thumb|120px|Pierre Laval]]

• October 10 – Joseph Darnand, Vichy France politician (executed) (b. 1897)
• October 13 – Milton S. Hershey, American chocolate tycoon (b. 1857)
• October 15 – Pierre Laval, Prime Minister of France (executed) (b. 1883)
• October 19
  • Plutarco Elías Calles, President of Mexico (b. 1877)
  • N.C. Wyeth, American illustrator (b. 1882)
• October 21 – Henry Armetta, Italian actor (b. 1888)
• October 24 – Vidkun Quisling, Norwegian traitor (executed) (b. 1887)
• October 25 – Robert Ley, German Nazi politician (suicide) (b. 1890)
• October 26 – Paul Pelliot, French explorer (b. 1878)
• October 28 – Gilbert Emery, American actor (b. 1875)
• October 31 – Henry Ainley, English actor (b. 1879)

November

• November 7 – Gus Edwards, American songwriter (b. 1879)
• November 8 – August von Mackensen, German field marshal (b. 1849)
• November 11 – Jerome Kern, American composer (b. 1885)
• November 16 – Sigurður Eggerz, Prime Minister of Iceland during World War I (b. 1875)
• November 20 – Francis William Aston, English chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
• November 21
  • Ellen Glasgow, American novelist (b. 1873)
  • Robert Benchley, American humorist, theater critic, and actor (b. 1889)
  • Alexander Patch, United States Army lieutenant general, World War II army commander (b. 1889)
• November 23 – Charles Armijo Woodruff, 11th Governor of American Samoa (b. 1884)
• November 25 – Doris Keane, American stage actress (b. 1881)
• November 28 – Dwight F. Davis, American tennis player (b. 1879)
• December 4 – Thomas Hunt Morgan, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1866)

December

[[File:Pattonphoto.jpg|thumb|120px|George S. Patton]]

• December 4 – Thomas Hunt Morgan, American biologist, geneticist and embryologist, Nobel Prize in Physiology (b. 1866)
• December 5 – Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1864)
• December 13
  • Juana Bormann, Nazi concentration camp guard (executed) (b. 1893)
  • Irma Grese, warden at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (executed) (b. 1923)
  • Josef Kramer, commandant of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp (executed) (b. 1906)
  • Elisabeth Volkenrath, supervisor at Nazi concentration camps (executed) (b. 1919)
• December 14 – Forrester Harvey, Irish actor (b. 1884)
• December 16 – Fumimaro Konoe, Prime Minister of Japan (suicide) (b. 1891)
• December 21 – George S. Patton, U.S. general (car accident) (b. 1885)
• December 22 – Otto Neurath, Austrian philosopher and political economist (b. 1892)
• December 25 – Duy Tan, emperor of Vietnam (b. 1899)
• December 26 – Roger Keyes, 1st Baron Keyes, British admiral (b. 1872)
• December 28 – Theodore Dreiser, American author (b. 1871)