1860  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

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Art and culture

• Hermaphrodite (Nadar)
• Artificial Paradises (1860)
• Malaeska: The Indian Wife of the White Hunter (1860) - Ann S. Stephens, first dime novel

Births

• Rachilde (1860 - 1953)
• Anton Chekhov (1860 – 1904)
• James Ensor (1860 - 1949)

Deaths

• Arthur Schopenhauer (1788 - 1860)

Births

January

• January 1
  • John Cassidy, Irish sculptor and painter (d. 1939)
  • Dan Katchongva, Native American leader (d. 1972)
  • Michele Lega, Roman Catholic Cardinal (d. 1935)
  • Dirk van Erp, Dutch American coppersmith (d. 1933)
  • Jan Vilímek, Czech illustrator and painter (d. 1938)
• January 2
  • William Corless Mills, American museum curator (d. 1928)
  • Dugald Campbell Patterson, American pioneer (d. 1931)
• January 3
  • Nathan Edwin Brill, American physician (d. 1925)
  • Henry Clay Hall, American attorney (d. 1936)
  • John Pocknee, English cricketer (d. 1938)
  • Yashiro Rokurō, Japanese naval admiral (d. 1930)
  • Harold M. Sewall, American politician (d. 1924)
  • Kato Takaaki, 24th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1926)
• January 4
  • Otto Lubarsch, German pathologist (d. 1933)
  • Charles Joseph O'Reilly, Canadian clergyman (d. 1923)
  • Victor Westerholm, Finnish painter (d. 1919)
• January 5 – Edgar Young Mullins, American Baptist minister (d. 1928)
• January 6
  • Sir William Cameron Gull, English politician (d. 1922)
  • Raoul Gunsbourg, Romanian opera composer and impresario (d. 1955)
  • William Richard Motherwell, Canadian politician (d. 1933)
  • Morton Selten, British stage and film actor (d. 1939)
  • Lucius Smith, Bishop of Knaresborough (d. 1934)
• January 8
  • Emma Booth, the fourth child of William and Catherine Booth (d. 1903)
  • Carl Lebrecht Udo Dammer, German botanist (d. 1920)
• January 9
  • Valborg Aulin, Swedish pianist and composer (d. 1928)
  • Franklin W. Olin, American businessman (d. 1951)
• January 10
  • Charles G.D. Roberts, Canadian poet (d. 1943)
  • Soyen Shaku, Zen Buddhist master (d. 1919)
  • Stanyarne Wilson, American politician (d. 1928)
• January 11 – William E. Reynolds, Commandant of the United States Coastguard (d. 1944)
• January 12
  • Henry Larkin, American baseball player (d. 1942)
  • Charles Lemonnier, Belgian politician (d. 1930)
  • Charles Oman, British military historian (d. 1946)
  • John Waltz, American baseball player (d. 1931)
• January 13
  • Alfred W. Anthony, American Baptist leader and professor of religion (d. 1939)
  • Louis Dutfoy, French sport shooter (d. 1904)
  • Emil Kemény, Hungarian-American chess master (d. 1925)
  • Robert Spence, Archbishop of Adelaide (d. 1934)
• January 14
  • James William Armstrong, Canadian politician (d. 1928)
  • Atanas Badev, Bulgarian composer (d. 1908)
  • George Oliver Curme, American philologist (d. 1948)
  • George Hampson, British insect specialist (d. 1936)
  • Ernst von Hoeppner, German cavalry officer (d. 1922)
• January 15 – Katherine Bement Davis, American social reformer and criminologist (d. 1935)
• January 17
  • Charles K. French, American film actor (d. 1952)
  • Douglas Hyde, Irish scholar and first president of Ireland (d. 1949)
  • Jack Pease, 1st Baron Gainford, British businessman (d. 1943)
  • Erik Ramstad, co-founder of Minot, North Dakota (d. 1951)
  • Carlos José Solórzano, President of Nicaragua (d. 1936)
  • Mary Watson, American folk heroine (d. 1881)
• January 19
  • Harry Green, English footballer (d. 1900)
  • Pat Harrower, Scottish rugby union player
• January 20
  • Walter Heath, English cricketer (d. 1937)
  • Henry Norman Rae, English merchant and politician (d. 1928)
• January 21
  • George Green Foster, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1931)
  • Benjamin Prins, Dutch artist (d. 1934)
  • Karl Staaff, Swedish politician (d. 1915)
  • Sir Robert Williams, 1st Baronet, of Park, Scottish entrepreneur and explorer (d. 1938)
• January 22
  • Walter L. Cohen, African-American politician and businessman (d. 1930)
  • Chase Osborn, American politician and explorer (d. 1949)
• January 24
  • Bernard Kroger, American businessman (d. 1938)
  • Francis Xavier Lasance, American priest and author (d. 1946)
  • Charles E. Sawyer, American physician (d. 1924)
• January 25
  • Daniel Blumenthal, French politician (d. 1930)
  • Charles Curtis, Vice President of the United States (d. 1936)
  • Paul Féval, fils, French adventure novelist (d. 1933)
• January 26
  • Harry M. Daugherty, American politician (d. 1941)
  • Emilio Diena, Italian stamp expert (d. 1941)
  • Cleveland Hoadley Dodge, American philanthropist (d. 1926)
  • Pierre-Calixte Neault, Canadian politician (d. 1924)
• January 27
  • Robert Herbert McElroy, Canadian politician and merchant (d. 1920)
  • George Sitwell, British writer and politician (d. 1943)
• January 28
  • Julius Bauschinger, German astronomer (d. 1934)
  • Sir Charles Solomon Henry, 1st Baronet, Australian businessman (d. 1919)
  • John McPherson, Australian politician (d. 1897)
• January 29
  • William Jacob Baer, American painter (d. 1941)
  • Bart Cantz, American baseball player (d. 1943)
  • Anton Chekhov, Russian writer (d. 1904)
  • John Coleman, American baseball player (d. 1915)
  • John William Lambert, American automobile manufacturer (d. 1952)
  • Lucullus Virgil McWhorter, American farmer and frontiersman (d. 1944)
  • William Robertson, British army officer (d. 1933)
• January 31 – Atrpet, Armenian writer (d. 1937)

February

• February 1
  • Victor Allard, Canadian lawyer and politician (d. 1931)
  • Milan Rešetar, Serb linguist and historian (d. 1942)
  • Maynard Sinton, Irish industrialist and High Sheriff (d. 1942)
  • Gustav Weigand, German linguist (d. 1930)
  • Michel Zevaco, French journalist and activist (d. 1918)
• February 2
  • Curtis Guild, Jr., Governor of Massachusetts (d. 1915)
  • Ed Halbriter, American baseball player (d. 1936)
  • John T. Hunt, American politician (d. 1916)
  • Buckey O'Neill, American newspaper editor and politician (d. 1898)
  • Ram Thakur, Hindu saint (d. 1949)
• February 3 – Gene Derby, American baseball player (d. 1917)
• February 4
  • Thomas Henley, Australian politician (d. 1935)
  • William Ledyard Rodgers, American admiral and military and naval historian (d. 1944)
• February 5
  • William N. Baltz, American politician (d. 1943)
  • Edmond H. Barmore, American football player (d. 1931)
  • Andrew Melrose, British publisher (d. 1938)
  • Arthur Richardson, British merchant and politician (d. 1936)
  • Jackson Showalter, American chess champion (d. 1935)
• February 6
  • Alfred S. Gage, American businessman (d. 1928)
  • Alexandre-Achille Souques, French neurologist (d. 1944)
  • Bruno Wille, German politician (d. 1928)
• February 8 – Wojciech Trąmpczyński, Polish lawyer and politician (d. 1953)
• February 9
  • Lincoln Dixon, American politician (d. 1932)
  • Ernest Cushing Richardson, American theologian (d. 1939)
  • John Strachey, British journalist (d. 1927)
  • Francis Walters, Australian cricketer (d. 1922)
• February 10 – Matteo Martinolich, Croatian shipbuilder (d. 1934)
• February 11
  • Nathan W. Hale, American politician (d. 1941)
  • Vicente Lukbán, Filipino military officer (d. 1916)
  • Frederick Orr-Lewis, Canadian businessman (d. 1921)
  • Rachilde, French author (d. 1953)
  • Giulio Aristide Sartorio, Italian painter and film director (d. 1932)
• February 12
  • Joe Ambler, English cricketer (d. 1899)
  • John W. Lieb, American electrical engineer (d. 1929)
  • G. P. Nerli, Italian painter (d. 1926)
  • Thomas Parran, Sr., American politician (d. 1955)
• February 13 – Nienke van Hichtum, Dutch children's author (d. 1939)
• February 14
  • John Clayton Allen, American politician (d. 1939)
  • Malcolm Beaton, Canadian farmer (d. 1916)
  • Waldemar Lindgren, Swedish-American geologist (d. 1939)
  • Eugen Schiffer, German politician (d. 1954)
  • Jim Tray, American baseball player (d. 1905)
  • Daniel Berkeley Updike, American printer and historian (d. 1941)
  • Jan Verheul, Dutch architect and watercolourist (d. 1948)
• February 15
  • Scott Cordelle Bone, Third Governor of Alaska (d. 1936)
  • Benjamin B. Gunn, Canadian politician (d. 1907)
  • Samuel Cook Edsall, American Episcopal Church bishop (d. 1917)
  • Jacques Isnardon, French bass-baritone (d. 1930)
  • Peter Kirk, British-born American businessman (d. 1916)
• February 16
  • Jean-Baptiste Chabot, French Roman Catholic priest and Syriac scholar (d. 1948)
  • Samuel Simeon Fels, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1950)
  • Carl Venth, German-American composer, violinist and scholar (d. 1938)
  • John Joseph McCort, American Roman Catholic prelate (d. 1936)
• February 17
  • Henry F. Mason, American politician (d. 1927)
  • Tom Seeberg, Norwegian rifle shooter (d. 1938)
  • Walter Slaughter, English composer and conductor (d. 1908)
  • George Robert Smith, Canadian politician (d. 1922)
• February 18
  • Malayapuram Singaravelu Chettiar, Indian social reformer (d. 1946)
  • Frank Fennelly, Major League Baseball player (d. 1920)
  • John C. McKenzie, American Congress Representative from Illinois (d. 1941)
  • Baron Wladimir Giesl von Gieslingen, Austro-Hungarian general during World War I (d. 1936)
  • Anders Zorn, Swedish painter, sculptor and printmaker (d. 1920)
• February 19 – Jacob Vilhelm Rode Heiberg, Danish civil servant (d. 1946)
• February 20
  • William Henry Howell, American physiologist (d. 1945)
  • Mathias Lerch, Czech mathematician (d. 1922)
• February 21
  • Alfred Canning, Western Australian government surveyor (d. 1936)
  • Karel Matěj Čapek-Chod, Czech naturalistic writer and journalist (d. 1927)
  • Charles E. Cox, American lawyer and 55th Justice of the Indiana Supreme Court (d. 1936)
  • Goscombe John, Welsh sculptor (d. 1952)
  • Reuben Wells Leonard, Canadian soldier (d. 1930)
  • Duncan Sayre MacInnes, Canadian soldier (d. 1918)
  • G. P. Nerli, Italian painter (d. 1926)
  • Douglas Arthur Teed, American painter (d. 1929)
• February 22 – Harry Hayley, English Rugby Union footballer (d. 1922)
• February 23
  • William Louis Abbott, American explorer and ornithologist (d. 1936)
  • Szidor Bátor, Hungarian composer (d. 1929)
  • Joseph Robert Cowgill, English prelate of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1936)
  • Celeste de Longpré Heckscher, American composer (d. 1928)
  • David Hunter, English cricketer (d. 1927)
  • Percy Lefroy Mapleton, British journalist and murderer (d. 1881)
• February 25 – Sir William Ashley, economic historian (d. 1927)
• February 28 – Carl Georg Barth, American mathematician and mechanical engineer (d. 1939)
• February 29 – Herman Hollerith, American businessman and inventor (d. 1929)

March

• March 2 – Susanna M. Salter, first woman mayor in the United States (d. 1961)
• March 5 – Sam Thompson, baseball player (d. 1922)
• March 13 – Hugo Wolf, Austrian composer (d. 1903)
• March 19 – William Jennings Bryan, American politician (d. 1925)
• March 22 – Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (d. 1940)
• March 27 – Frank Frost Abbott, American classical scholar (d. 1924)

April

• April 7 – Will Keith Kellogg, American industrialist, founder of the Kellogg Company (d. 1951)

May

• May 2 – Theodor Herzl, founder of modern political Zionism (d. 1904)
• May 7 – Tom Norman, English freak showman (d. 1930)
• May 9 – J. M. Barrie, Scottish author (d. 1937)
• May 16 – Herman Webster Mudgett, American serial killer (d. 1896)
• May 20 – Eduard Buchner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1917)
• May 21 – Willem Einthoven, Dutch inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1927)
• May 25 – James McKeen Cattell, American psychologist (d. 1944)
• May 29 – Isaac Albéniz, Spanish composer (d. 1909)

June

• June 20 – Jack Worrall, Australian cricketer, footballer, and coach (d. 1937)
• June 22 – Tom O'Brien, American 19th century baseball player (d. 1921)
• June 23 – Albert Giraud, Belgian poet (d. 1929)

July–December

• July 3 – Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American feminist (d. 1935)
• July 7 – Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer (d. 1911)
• July 16 – Otto Jespersen, Danish linguist, creator of Ido and Novial languages (d.1943)
• July 19 – Lizzie Borden, American murder suspect (d. 1927)
• August 3 – W.K. Dickson, Scottish inventor (d. 1935)
• August 7 – Alan Leo, British astrologer (d. 1917)
• August 10 – Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Indian musician (d. 1936)
• August 16 – Jules Laforgue, French poet (d. 1887)
• August 13 – Annie Oakley, American west show performer (d. 1926)
• August 15 – Henrietta Vinton Davis, American elocutionist, dramatist, and impersonator (d. 1941)
• August 20 – Raymond Poincare, French President (d. 1934)
• September 5 – Andrew Volstead, American politician (d. 1947)
• September 6 – Jane Addams, American social worker, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935)
• September 7 – Anna Mary Robertson Moses aka Grandma Moses, painter & centoginerean (d. 1961)
• September 13 – John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
• September 15 – Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya, Indian engineer and statesman (d. 1962)
• October 31 – Juliette Gordon Low, the founder of Girl Scouts (d. 1927)
• November 1 – Boies Penrose, United States Senator from Pennsylvania (d. 1921)
• November 6 – Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Polish pianist and composer (d. 1941)
• November 16 – John Henry Kirby, Texas legislator and American businessman (d. 1940)
• November 22 – Fusajiro Yamauchi, founder of Nintendo (d. 1940)
• November 23 – Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1925)
• December 4 – Charles de Broqueville, Belgian Prime Minister (d. 1940)
• December 7 – Joseph Cook, sixth Prime Minister of Australia (d. 1947)
• December 15
  • Niels Ryberg Finsen, Danish physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1904)
  • Abner Powell, Major league baseball player (d. 1953)
• December 25 – Manuel Dimech, Maltese philosopher and social reformer (d. 1921)
• December 31 – Joseph S. Cullinan, American oil industrialist, founder of Texaco (d. 1937)

Date unknown

• Frederick George Jackson, British Arctic explorer (d. 1938)
• John Coughlin, American politician (d. 1938)
• Lancelot Speed, British illustrator (d. 1931)
• Soapy Smith (Jefferson R. Smith), infamous American confidence man and crime boss (d. 1898)