19th century  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

Ubu Roi (King Ubu) is a play developed by Alfred Jarry premiered on December 10 1896, and is widely acknowledged as a theatrical precursor to the Absurdist, Dada and Surrealist art movements.

L'Absinthe (1876) - Edgar Degas

The Great Wave off Kanagawa (1820s), woodblock printing by Hokusai

Edgar Allan Poe is an icon of 19th century literature

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Wikipedia Wiktionary Shop Featured: Rhombicuboctahedron by Leonardo da Vinci

The 19th century was scandalized when Naturalist Darwin implied that humans were descendant from primates, much as in the 20th century when Freud would imply that all of human behaviour was motivated by sexual urges.

The history of literacy goes back several thousand years, but before the industrial revolution finally made cheap paper and cheap books available to all classes in industrialized countries in the mid-nineteenth century, only a small percentage of the population in these countries were literate. Up until that point, materials associated with literacy were prohibitively expensive for people other than wealthy individuals and institutions.

Toward the end of the 19th century, painters and critics began to rebel against the many rules of the Académie française, including the preference for history painting. New artistic movements included the Realists and Impressionists, which each sought to depict the present moment and daily life as observed by the eye, and unattatched from historical significance; the Realists often choosing genre painting and still-life, while the Impressionists would most often focus on landscapes. The history painting gained less favor through the vogue in Europe for Japanese culture and art, in the form of Japonism—in Japan significant importance was placed upon items such as laquerware and porcelain.

Art and culture

• History of subcultures in the 19th century

Literature

• 19th century in literature

Art

19th century art

Painters

The Realism and Romanticism of the early 19th century gave way to Impressionism in the later half of the century, with Paris being the dominant art capital of the world.

19th century painters included:

• Eugène Delacroix
• Edvard Munch
• Caspar David Friedrich
• Théodore Géricault
• Vincent van Gogh
• Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres
• Édouard Manet
• Claude Monet
• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
• Joseph Mallord William Turner
• William Morris

Music

19th century music

List of Romantic composers, Romantic music

• Johannes Brahms
• Frédéric Chopin
• Claude Debussy
• Jacques Offenbach
• Niccolò Paganini
• Camille Saint-Saëns
• Gilbert and Sullivan
• Piotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Births

Deaths

See also

• Belle Époque

See also

• Victorian Era
• France in the nineteenth century
• Russian history, 1855–1892
• Mid-nineteenth century Spain
• Capitalism in the nineteenth century
• 19th-century philosophy
• Nineteenth century theatre
• 19th century in film

List of years

1800s, 1810s, 1820s, 1830s, 1840s, 1850s, 1860s, 1870s, 1880s, 1890s

1900 - 1899 - 1898 - 1897 - 1896 - 1895 - 1894 - 1893 - 1892 - 1891

1890 - 1889 - 1888 - 1887 - 1886 - 1885 - 1884 - 1883 - 1882 - 1881

1880 - 1879 - 1878 - 1877 - 1876 - 1875 - 1874 - 1873 - 1872 - 1871

1870 - 1869 - 1868 - 1867 - 1866 - 1865 - 1864 - 1863 - 1862 - 1861

1860 - 1859 - 1858 - 1857 - 1856 - 1855 - 1854 - 1853 - 1852 - 1851

1850 - 1849 - 1848 - 1847 - 1846 - 1845 - 1844 - 1843 - 1842 - 1841

1840 - 1839 - 1838 - 1837 - 1836 - 1835 - 1834 - 1833 - 1832 - 1831

1830 - 1829 - 1828 - 1827 - 1826 - 1825 - 1824 - 1823 - 1822 - 1821

1820 - 1819 - 1818 - 1817 - 1816 - 1815 - 1814 - 1813 - 1812 - 1811

1810 - 1809 - 1808 - 1807 - 1806 - 1805 - 1804 - 1803 - 1802 - 1801