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From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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*[[1995]] - [[Cyril Raker Endfield]], American filmmaker | *[[1995]] - [[Cyril Raker Endfield]], American filmmaker | ||
*[[1997]] - [[Roland Topor]], French illustrator (b. [[1938]]) | *[[1997]] - [[Roland Topor]], French illustrator (b. [[1938]]) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Events== | ||
+ | *[[1178 BC]]; The [[1170s BC|calculated date]] of the Greek king [[Odysseus]]' return home from the [[Trojan War]]. | ||
+ | * [[73]] – [[Masada]], a [[Judaism|Jewish]] fortress, falls to the [[Roman Empire|Romans]] after several months of siege, ending the Jewish Revolt. | ||
+ | *[[1071]] – [[Bari]] falls to [[Robert Guiscard]], ending [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] rule in [[Italy]]. | ||
+ | *[[1346]] – The [[Serbian Empire]] is proclaimed in [[Skopje]] by [[Stefan Dusan|Dusan Silni]], occupying much of the [[Balkans]]. | ||
+ | *[[1521]] – [[Martin Luther]]'s first appearance before the [[Diet of Worms]] to be examined by the [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Holy Roman Emperor Charles V]] and the other estates of the [[empire]]. | ||
+ | *[[1582]] – [[Spain|Spanish]] [[conquistador]] [[Hernando de Lerma]] founds the settlement of [[Salta]], [[Argentina]]. | ||
+ | *[[1746]] – The [[Battle of Culloden]] is fought between the French-supported [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]] and the British [[House of Hanover|Hanoverian]] forces commanded by [[Prince William, Duke of Cumberland|William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland]]. | ||
+ | *[[1780]] – The [[University of Münster]] in [[Münster]], [[North Rhine-Westphalia]], [[Germany]] is founded. | ||
+ | *[[1799]] – [[Napoleonic Wars]]: The [[Battle of Mount Tabor]] – [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] drives [[Ottoman Turks]] across the [[River Jordan]] near [[Acre, Israel|Acre]]. | ||
+ | *[[1853]] – The first passenger rail opens in [[India]], from [[Bori Bunder]], [[Bombay]] to [[Thane]]. | ||
+ | *[[1858]] – The [[Wernerian Natural History Society]], a former [[Scotland|Scottish]] [[learned society]], is wound up. | ||
+ | *[[1862]] – [[American Civil War]]: The [[Battle at Lee's Mills]] in [[Virginia]]. | ||
+ | * 1862 – American Civil War: A bill ending [[slavery in the United States|slavery]] in the [[District of Columbia]] becomes law. | ||
+ | *[[1863]] – American Civil War: The [[Siege of Vicksburg]] – ships led by [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]] [[Admiral]] [[David Dixon Porter]] move through heavy [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] artillery fire on approach to [[Vicksburg, Mississippi|Vicksburg]], Mississippi. | ||
+ | *[[1881]] – In [[Dodge City, Kansas]], [[Bat Masterson]] fights his last gun battle. | ||
+ | *[[1910]] – The [[University of Queensland]] is founded, with the names of the members of the first Senate published in the [[Queensland Government]] Gazette. | ||
+ | *[[1912]] – [[Harriet Quimby]] becomes the first woman to fly an [[Aircraft|airplane]] across the [[English Channel]]. | ||
+ | *[[1917]] – [[Vladimir Lenin|Lenin]] returns to [[Petrograd]] from exile in [[Switzerland]]. | ||
+ | *[[1919]] – [[Mohandas Gandhi|Gandhi]] organizes a day of "prayer and fasting" in response to the killing of Indian protesters in the [[Amritsar Massacre]] by the [[United Kingdom|British]]. | ||
+ | *[[1922]] – The [[Treaty of Rapallo, 1922|Treaty of Rapallo]], pursuant to which [[Germany]] and the [[Soviet Union]] re-establish [[diplomatic relations]], is signed. | ||
+ | *[[1925]] – During the [[Communist]] [[St Nedelya Church assault]] in [[Sofia]], 150 are killed and 500 are wounded. | ||
+ | *[[1941]] – [[World War II]]: The Italian convoy ''Duisburg'', directed to [[Tunisia]], is attacked and destroyed by [[United Kingdom|British]] ships. | ||
+ | * 1941 – [[Bob Feller]] of the [[Cleveland Indians]] throws the only [[Opening Day]] [[no-hitter]] in the history of [[Major League Baseball]], beating the [[Chicago White Sox]] 1-0. | ||
+ | *[[1943]] – Dr. [[Albert Hofmann]] discovers the [[Psychedelic drugs|psychedelic]] effects of [[LSD]]. | ||
+ | *[[1945]] – The [[Red Army]] begins the final assault on [[Nazi Germany|German]] forces around [[Berlin]]. | ||
+ | * 1945 – The [[United States Army]] liberates Nazi ''Sonderlager'' (high security) [[prisoner-of-war camp]] [[Oflag IV-C]] (better known as [[Colditz Castle|Colditz]]). | ||
+ | * 1945 – More than 7,000 die when the German refugee ship ''[[Goya (ship)|Goya]]'' is sunk by a Soviet submarine torpedo. | ||
+ | *[[1946]] – [[Syria]] gains independence. | ||
+ | *[[1947]] – [[Texas City Disaster]]: An explosion on board a freighter in port causes the city of [[Texas City, Texas]], to catch fire, killing almost 600. | ||
+ | * 1947 – [[Bernard Baruch]] coins the term "[[Cold War]]" to describe the relationship between the [[United States]] and the Soviet Union. | ||
+ | *[[1953]] – [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom|Queen Elizabeth II]] launches the [[Royal Yacht]] {{Ship|HMY|Britannia}}. | ||
+ | *[[1963]] – [[Martin Luther King, Jr.|Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.]] pens his [[Letter from Birmingham Jail]] while incarcerated in [[Birmingham, Alabama]] for protesting against segregation. | ||
+ | *[[1972]] – [[Apollo program]]: The launch of [[Apollo 16]] from [[Cape Canaveral, Florida]]. | ||
+ | *[[1990]] – The "Doctor of Death", [[Jack Kevorkian]], participates in his first [[assisted suicide]]. | ||
+ | *[[1992]] – The ''Katina P.'' runs aground off of [[Maputo]], [[Mozambique]] and 60,000 tons of crude oil spill into the ocean. | ||
+ | *[[2003]] – The [[Treaty of Accession 2003|Treaty of Accession]] is signed in [[Athens]] admitting 10 new member states to the [[European Union]]. | ||
+ | *[[2004]] – The super liner {{RMS|Queen Mary 2}} embarks on her first trans-Atlantic crossing, linking the golden age of ocean travel to the modern age of ocean travel. | ||
+ | *[[2007]] – [[Virginia Tech massacre]]: The deadliest [[spree killing]] in modern American history. [[Seung-Hui Cho]], kills 32 and injures 23 before committing suicide. | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Births== | ||
+ | * [[778]] – King [[Louis the Pious]] (d. 840) | ||
+ | *[[1319]] – King [[John II of France]] (d. 1364) | ||
+ | *[[1495]] – [[Petrus Apianus]], German mathematician (d. 1557) | ||
+ | *[[1646]] – [[Jules Hardouin Mansart]], French architect (d. 1708) | ||
+ | *[[1660]] – [[Hans Sloane]], British collector and physician (d. 1753) | ||
+ | *[[1661]] – [[Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax]], British poet and statesman (d. 1715) | ||
+ | *[[1682]] – [[John Hadley]], British inventor (d. 1744) | ||
+ | *[[1693]] – [[Anne Sophie Reventlow]], queen of Denmark and Norway (d. 1743) | ||
+ | *[[1728]] – [[Joseph Black]], Scottish chemist (d. 1799) | ||
+ | *[[1730]] – [[Henry Clinton (American War of Independence)|Henry Clinton]], British general (d. 1795) | ||
+ | *[[1755]] – [[Élisabeth-Louise Vigée Le Brun]], French painter (d. 1842) | ||
+ | *[[1800]] – [[George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan]], British soldier (d. 1888) | ||
+ | *[[1821]] – [[Ford Madox Brown]], English painter (d. 1893) | ||
+ | *[[1823]] – [[Ferdinand Eisenstein]], German mathematician (d. 1852) | ||
+ | *[[1827]] – [[Octave Crémazie]], French Canadian poet (d. 1879) | ||
+ | *[[1844]] – [[Anatole France]], French writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. 1924) | ||
+ | *[[1847]] – [[Hans Auer]], Swiss architect, (d. 1906) | ||
+ | *[[1848]] – [[Kandukuri Veeresalingam]], Social Reformer of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[India]] (d. 1919) | ||
+ | *[[1859]] – [[Winifred Cochrane, Countess of Dundonald]], philanthropist (d. 1924) | ||
+ | *[[1865]] – [[Henry George Chauvel]], Australian general (d. 1945) | ||
+ | *[[1866]] – [[José de Diego]], [[Puerto Rico]] statesman and journalist (d. 1918) | ||
+ | *[[1867]] – [[Wilbur Wright]], American aviation pioneer (d. 1912) | ||
+ | *[[1871]] – [[John Millington Synge]], Irish writer (d. 1909) | ||
+ | *[[1878]] – [[Tip Foster]], English [[cricket]]er (d. 1914) | ||
+ | *[[1886]] – [[Ernst Thälmann]], German politician (d. 1944) | ||
+ | *[[1889]] – [[Charlie Chaplin]], English actor, writer, songwriter, composer, and film producer (d. 1977) | ||
+ | *[[1895]] – [[Robert Dean Frisbie]], American writer (d. 1948) | ||
+ | *[[1896]] – [[Tristan Tzara]], Romanian poet and essayist (d. 1963) | ||
+ | * 1896 – [[Pat Clayton]], British surveyor and explorer (d. 1962) | ||
+ | *[[1899]] – [[Osman Achmatowicz]], Polish chemist (d. 1988) | ||
+ | *[[1904]] – [[Fifi D'Orsay]], Canadian actress (d. 1983) | ||
+ | *[[1905]] – [[Frits Philips]], Dutch businessman (d. 2005) | ||
+ | *[[1907]] – [[August Eigruber]], Austrian war criminal (d. 1947) | ||
+ | * 1907 – [[Joseph-Armand Bombardier]], French-Canadian inventor and businessman ([[Bombardier Inc.]]) (d. 1964) | ||
+ | *[[1910]] – [[Berton Roueché]], American medical writer (d. 1994) | ||
+ | *[[1912]] – [[Garth Williams]], American illustrator (d. 1996) | ||
+ | * 1912 – [[Catherine Scorsese]], Italian-American actress (d. 1997) | ||
+ | *[[1915]] – [[Gerard McLarnon]], Irish playwright (d. 1997) | ||
+ | * 1915 – [[Joan Alexander]], American actress (d. 2009) | ||
+ | *[[1917]] – [[Barry Nelson]], American actor (d. 2007) | ||
+ | *[[1918]] – [[Spike Milligan]], Irish comedian (d. 2002) | ||
+ | * 1918 – [[Dick Gibson]], British racing driver | ||
+ | *[[1919]] – [[Merce Cunningham]], American dancer and choreographer (d. 2009) | ||
+ | * 1919 – [[Tom Willmore]], English geometer (d. 2005) | ||
+ | *[[1921]] – [[Peter Ustinov]], English actor (d. 2004) | ||
+ | *[[1922]] – [[Kingsley Amis]], English author (d. 1995) | ||
+ | *[[1924]] – [[John Harvey-Jones]], Industrialist (d. 2008) | ||
+ | * 1924 – [[Henry Mancini]], American composer (d. 1994) | ||
+ | * 1924 – [[Rudy Pompilli]], American musician ([[Bill Haley & His Comets]]) (d. 1976) | ||
+ | *[[1927]] – [[Edie Adams]], American actress (d. 2008) | ||
+ | * 1927 – [[Pope Benedict XVI]], born Joseph Alois Ratzinger. | ||
+ | * 1927 – [[Peter Mark Richman]], American actor | ||
+ | *[[1928]] – [[Dick Lane (American football)|"Night Train" Lane]], American football player (d. 2002) | ||
+ | *[[1929]] – [[Roy Hamilton]], American singer (d. 1969) | ||
+ | * 1929 – [[Ed Townsend]], American singer and songwriter (d. 2003) | ||
+ | *[[1930]] – [[Herbie Mann]], American jazz flute player (d. 2003) | ||
+ | *[[1933]] – [[Joan Bakewell]], British broadcaster | ||
+ | *[[1935]] – [[Sarah Kirsch]], German poet | ||
+ | * 1935 – [[Bobby Vinton]], American singer | ||
+ | *[[1938]] – [[Gordon Wilson (Scottish politician)|Gordon Wilson]], Scottish politician | ||
+ | * 1938 – [[Rich Rollins]], American baseballer | ||
+ | *[[1939]] – [[Dusty Springfield]], English singer (d. 1999) | ||
+ | * 1939 – [[Boris Dvornik]], Croatian actor (d. 2008.) | ||
+ | *[[1940]] – [[Margrethe II of Denmark]], [[queen regnant]] | ||
+ | * 1940 – [[Benoît Bouchard]], French-Canadian politician | ||
+ | *[[1942]] – Sir [[Frank Williams]], English [[Formula One|F1]] constructor and team principal ([[WilliamsF1]]) | ||
+ | * 1942 – [[Jim Lonborg]], American baseball player | ||
+ | *[[1943]] – [[Ruth Madoc]], British actress | ||
+ | * 1943 – [[Dave Peverett]], English musician ([[Foghat]], [[Savoy Brown]]) (d. 2000) | ||
+ | *[[1944]] – [[Richard Bradshaw]] British opera conductor | ||
+ | *[[1945]] – [[Tom Allen]], American politician | ||
+ | *[[1946]] – [[Margot Adler]], American journalist | ||
+ | *[[1947]] – [[Kareem Abdul-Jabbar]], American basketball player | ||
+ | * 1947 – [[Gerry Rafferty]], British musician and songwriter | ||
+ | *[[1948]] – [[Lynne Franks]], British public relations consultant | ||
+ | *[[1949]] – [[Melody Patterson]], American actress | ||
+ | *[[1950]] – [[David Graf]], American actor (d. 2001) | ||
+ | *[[1951]] – [[Ioan Mihai Cochinescu]], Romanian writer and photographer | ||
+ | * 1951 – [[Björgvin Halldórsson]], Icelandic singer | ||
+ | * 1951 – [[Mordechai Ben David]], Jewish singer | ||
+ | *[[1952]] – [[Bill Belichick]], American football coach | ||
+ | * 1952 – [[Michel Blanc]], French actor | ||
+ | * 1952 – [[Billy West (voice actor)|Billy West]], American voice actor | ||
+ | *[[1953]] – [[Peter Garrett]], Australian singer ([[Midnight Oil]]) and politician | ||
+ | * 1953 – [[J. Neil Schulman]], American writer | ||
+ | *[[1954]] – [[Ellen Barkin]], American actress | ||
+ | * 1954 – [[John Bowe (racing driver)|John Bowe]], Australian racing driver | ||
+ | *[[1955]] – [[Bruce Bochy]], American baseball player and manager | ||
+ | * 1955 – [[Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], Grand Duke of Luxembourg | ||
+ | *[[1956]] – [[David McDowell Brown]], American astronaut (d. 2003) | ||
+ | * 1956 – [[Lise-Marie Morerod]], Swiss skier | ||
+ | *[[1959]] – [[Scott McKinsey]], American television director | ||
+ | * 1959 – [[Alison Ramsay]], Scottish field hockey player | ||
+ | *[[1960]] – [[Rafael Benítez]], Spanish football manager | ||
+ | * 1960 – [[Pierre Littbarski]], German footballer | ||
+ | * 1960 – [[Wahab Akbar]], Filipino politician (d. 2007) | ||
+ | *[[1961]] – [[Doris Dragović]], Croatian singer | ||
+ | *[[1962]] – [[Ian MacKaye]], American musician, ([[Fugazi (band)|Fugazi]] and [[Minor Threat]]) | ||
+ | *[[1963]] – [[Jimmy Osmond]], American pop singer ([[The Osmonds]]) | ||
+ | * 1963 – [[Saleem Malik]], Pakistani cricketer | ||
+ | *[[1964]] – [[Dave Pirner]], American rock singer ([[Soul Asylum]]) | ||
+ | * 1964 – [[David Kohan]], American television producer | ||
+ | *[[1965]] – [[Jon Cryer]], American actor | ||
+ | * 1965 – [[Martin Lawrence]], American actor | ||
+ | * 1965 – [[Michael Wong (actor)|Michael Wong Man Tak]], Hong Kong actor and director | ||
+ | * 1968 – [[Vickie Guerrero]], WWE professional wrestling personality | ||
+ | *[[1969]] – [[Fernando Viña]], American baseball player | ||
+ | * 1969 – [[Patrik Järbyn]], Swedish alpine ski racer. | ||
+ | *[[1970]] – [[Dero Goi]], German musician of industrial group Oomph! | ||
+ | *[[1970]] – [[Walt Williams]], American basketball player | ||
+ | *[[1971]] – [[Peter Billingsley]], American actor | ||
+ | * 1971 – [[Selena Quintanilla]], Mexican American singer (d. 1995) | ||
+ | * 1971 – [[Moses Chan]], Hong Kong actor | ||
+ | * 1971 – [[Seigo Yamamoto]], Japanese racing driver | ||
+ | *[[1972]] – [[Conchita Martinez]], Spanish tennis player | ||
+ | *[[1973]] – [[Bonnie Pink]], Japanese singer | ||
+ | * 1973 – [[Aliaune Thiam]] [[Akon]], American singer and song writer | ||
+ | *[[1974]] – [[Mat Devine]], American singer ([[Kill Hannah]]) | ||
+ | * 1974 – [[Xu Jinglei]], Chinese actress, singer and director | ||
+ | * 1974 – [[Valarie Rae Miller]], American actress | ||
+ | *[[1975]] – [[Sean Maher]], American actor | ||
+ | * 1975 – [[Kelli O'Hara]], American singer/actress | ||
+ | * 1975 – [[Nick Pickard]], British actor | ||
+ | *[[1976]] – [[Lukas Haas]], American actor | ||
+ | * 1976 – [[Dan Kellner]], American fencer | ||
+ | * 1976 – [[Shu Qi]], Taiwanese actress | ||
+ | * 1977 – [[Akon]], American singer. | ||
+ | *[[1977]] – [[Alek Wek]], Sudanese supermodel | ||
+ | * 1977 – [[Fredrik Ljungberg]], Swedish footballer | ||
+ | *[[1978]] – [[Matthew Lloyd]], Australian rules footballer | ||
+ | * 1978 – [[Lara Dutta]], Indian actress | ||
+ | *[[1979]] – [[Christijan Albers]], Dutch Formula One driver | ||
+ | * 1979 – [[Sixto Peralta]], Argentine footballer | ||
+ | * 1979 – [[Sean Costello]], American Blues musician | ||
+ | *[[1980]] – [[Paul London]], American professional wrestler | ||
+ | *[[1981]] – [[Anestis Agritis]], Greek footballer | ||
+ | *[[1982]] – [[Boris Diaw]], French basketball player | ||
+ | * 1982 – [[Barry Jones (magician)|Barry Jones]], Scottish magician | ||
+ | * 1982 – [[Jonathan Vilma]], American football player | ||
+ | * 1982 – [[Gina Carano]], American Mixed Martial Arts fighter. | ||
+ | *[[1983]] – [[Cat Osterman]], American softball pitcher | ||
+ | * 1983 – [[George Patis]], Greek badminton player | ||
+ | * 1983 – [[Marié Digby]], American Singer | ||
+ | *[[1984]] – [[Amelia Atwater-Rhodes]], American author | ||
+ | * 1984 – [[Noah Fleiss]], American actor | ||
+ | * 1984 – [[Tucker Fredricks]], American speed skater | ||
+ | *[[1985]] – [[Mark Baker (author)|Mark Baker]], Welsh author and historian | ||
+ | * 1985 – [[Luol Deng]], British-Sudanese basketball player | ||
+ | * 1985 – [[Benjamín Rojas]], Argentine actor and singer | ||
+ | *[[1986]] – [[Paul di Resta]], British racing driver | ||
+ | *[[1987]] – [[Aaron Lennon]], English footballer | ||
+ | *[[1990]] – [[Lorraine Nicholson]], American actress | ||
+ | * 1990 – [[Lily Loveless]], British actress | ||
+ | *[[1992]] – [[Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg]], Prince of Luxembourg | ||
+ | *[[1993]] – [[Mirai Nagasu]], American Figure Skater | ||
+ | *[[1994]] – [[Liliana Mumy]], American actress) | ||
+ | *[[2003]] – [[Alina Foley]], Child actress | ||
+ | *[[2008]] – [[Princess Eléonore of Belgium]], [[Belgium|Belgian]] [[Monarchy of Belgium|princess]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | ==Deaths== | ||
+ | * [[69]] – [[Otho]], [[Roman Emperor]] (b. 32) | ||
+ | * [[665]] – [[Fructuosus of Braga]] | ||
+ | * [[744]] – [[al-Walid II]], Umayyad caliph | ||
+ | * [[924]] – [[Berengar of Friuli]], King of Italy | ||
+ | *[[1113]] – [[Sviatopolk II of Kiev]], Russian prince (b. 1050) | ||
+ | *[[1118]] – [[Adelaide del Vasto]], wife of [[Roger II of Sicily]] | ||
+ | *[[1198]] – [[Frederick I of Austria (Babenberg)|Duke Frederick I of Austria]] | ||
+ | *[[1645]] – [[Tobias Hume]], English composer | ||
+ | *[[1687]] – [[George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham]], English statesman (b. 1628) | ||
+ | *[[1689]] – [[Aphra Behn]], English dramatist (b. 1640) | ||
+ | *[[1783]] – [[Christian Mayer (astronomer)|Christian Mayer]], Czech astronomer (b. 1719) | ||
+ | *[[1788]] – [[Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon]], French naturalist (b. 1707) | ||
+ | *[[1828]] – [[Francisco Goya|Francisco de Goya]], Spanish painter (b. 1746) | ||
+ | *[[1846]] – [[Domenico Dragonetti]], Italian composer (b. 1763) | ||
+ | *[[1850]] – [[Marie Tussaud]], founder of the [[Madame Tussauds]] wax museum (b. 1761) | ||
+ | *[[1859]] – [[Alexis de Tocqueville]], French historian (b. 1805) | ||
+ | *[[1879]] – [[Bernadette Soubirous]], Saint of the Roman Catholic Church and visionary of Lourdes, France during 1858 (b. January 7, 1844) | ||
+ | *[[1888]] – [[Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski]], Polish physicist (b. 1845) | ||
+ | *[[1899]] – [[Emilio Jacinto]], Filipino poet and revolutionary (b. 1875) | ||
+ | *[[1904]] – [[Maximilian Kronberger]], German poet (b. 1888) | ||
+ | * 1904 – [[Samuel Smiles]], Scottish writer and reformer (b. 1812) | ||
+ | *[[1914]] – [[George William Hill]], American astronomer (b. 1838) | ||
+ | *[[1915]] – [[Nelson W. Aldrich]], American politician (b. 1841) | ||
+ | *[[1928]] – [[Henry Birks]], Canadian businessman, founder of Henri Birks and Sons (b. 1840) | ||
+ | *[[1930]] – [[José Carlos Mariátegui]], Peruvian journalist, political philosopher and activist (b. 1894) | ||
+ | *[[1938]] – [[Steve Bloomer]], English footballer (b. 1874) | ||
+ | *[[1946]] – [[Arthur Chevrolet]], Swiss-born race car driver and automobile designer (b. 1884) | ||
+ | *[[1947]] – [[Rudolf Höß]], commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp (b. 1900) | ||
+ | *[[1955]] – [[David Kirkwood]], Scottish labor leader (b. 1872) | ||
+ | *[[1958]] – [[Rosalind Franklin]], British chemist (b. 1920) | ||
+ | *[[1968]] – [[Fay Bainter]], American actress (b. 1893) | ||
+ | * 1968 – [[Edna Ferber]], American author (b. 1885) | ||
+ | *[[1970]] – [[Richard Neutra]], American architect (b. 1892) | ||
+ | *[[1972]] – [[Kawabata Yasunari]], Japanese writer, [[Nobel Prize in Literature|Nobel Prize]] laureate (b. 1899) | ||
+ | *[[1973]] – [[Nino Bravo]], Spanish singer (b. 1944) | ||
+ | *[[1978]] – [[Lucius D. Clay|Lucius Clay]], American general (b. 1897) | ||
+ | *[[1985]] – [[Scott Brady]], American actor (b. 1924) | ||
+ | *[[1989]] – [[Miles Lawrence]], English cricketer (b. 1940) | ||
+ | *[[1991]] – Sir [[David Lean]], British film director (b. 1908) | ||
+ | *[[1992]] – [[Neville Brand]], American actor (b. 1920) | ||
+ | * 1992 – [[Andy Russell (singer)|Andy Russell]], American singer (b. 1919) | ||
+ | *[[1994]] – [[Ralph Ellison]], American writer (b. 1913) | ||
+ | *[[1995]] – [[Arthur English]], English actor and comedian (b. 1919) | ||
+ | * 1995 – [[Iqbal Masih]], Pakistani child slave labourer, activist (b. 1982) | ||
+ | *[[1996]] – [[Stavros Niarchos]], Greek shipping tycoon (b. 1909) | ||
+ | *[[1997]] – [[Doris Angleton]], American socialite (b. 1951) | ||
+ | * 1997 – [[Roland Topor]], French illustrator (b. 1938) | ||
+ | *[[1998]] – [[Fred Davis (billiards player)|Fred Davis]], English snooker player (b. 1913) | ||
+ | * 1998 – [[Alberto Calderón]], Argentine mathematician (b. 1920) | ||
+ | *[[1999]] – [[Skip Spence]], Canadian-born guitarist, singer and songwriter ([[Jefferson Airplane]]) (b. 1946) | ||
+ | *[[2001]] – [[Alec Stock]], English football manager (b. 1917) | ||
+ | *[[2002]] – [[Ruth Fertel]], American restaurateur (b. 1927) | ||
+ | * 2002 – [[Robert Urich]], American actor (b. 1946) | ||
+ | * 2002 – [[Billy Ayre]], English footballer and manager (b. 1952) | ||
+ | *[[2003]] – [[Graham Jarvis]], Canadian actor (b. 1930) | ||
+ | * 2003 – [[Graham Stuart Thomas]], English author and garden designer (b. 1909) | ||
+ | *[[2005]] – [[Kay Walsh]], British actress (b. 1911) | ||
+ | * 2005 – [[Kim Mu-saeng]], South Korean actor (b. 1943) | ||
+ | * 2005 – [[Marla Ruzicka]], American humanitarian worker and peace activist (b. 1976) | ||
+ | *[[2006]] – [[Francisco Adam]], Portuguese actor and model (b. 1983) | ||
+ | *[[2007]] – [[Gaetan Duchesne]], Canadian hockey player (b. 1962) | ||
+ | * 2007 – [[Maria Lenk]], Brazilian swimmer and first Brazilian woman to compete in the Olympic Games (b. 1915) | ||
+ | * 2007 – [[Jocelyne Couture-Nowak]], Canadian instructor of French at Virginia Tech (b. 1958) | ||
+ | * 2007 – [[Kevin Granata]], American professor of Engineering (b. 1961) | ||
+ | * 2007 – [[Liviu Librescu]], American Jewish-Romanian professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Holocaust survivor (b. 1930) | ||
+ | * 2007 – [[G. V. Loganathan]], Indian American professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering (b. 1954) | ||
+ | * 2007 – [[Frank Bateson]], New Zealand astronomer (b. 1909) | ||
+ | *[[2008]] – [[Edward Lorenz]], American mathematician and meteorologist (b. 1917) | ||
+ | * 2008 – [[Joseph Solman]], American painter (b. 1909) | ||
+ | |||
{{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} |
Revision as of 18:46, 16 April 2010
Related e |
Featured: |
Contents |
Art and culture
- 1943 - Dr. Albert Hofmann discovers the psychedelic effects of LSD.
- 1938 - In a letter to Max Horkheimer on April 16, 1938, Walter Benjamin wrote, ‘You may have seen Gide’s dispute with Céline “If one were forced to see in Bagatelles ...
- 1992 Art rock article by Camille Paglia printed in the New York Times
Births
- 1896 - Tristan Tzara, avant-garde dada poet and essayist
- 1930 - Herbie Mann, American jazz flutist
- 1955 - Kool Herc, Jamaican American musician and producer, generally credited as a pioneer of hip hop
Deaths
- 1689 - Aphra Behn, English dramatist (b. 1640)
- 1825 - Henry Fuseli was a British painter and illustrator (b. 1741)
- 1828 - Francisco de Goya, Spanish painter (b. 1746)
- 1970 - Richard Neutra, American architect (b. 1892)
- 1995 - Cyril Raker Endfield, American filmmaker
- 1997 - Roland Topor, French illustrator (b. 1938)
Events
- 1178 BC; The calculated date of the Greek king Odysseus' return home from the Trojan War.
- 73 – Masada, a Jewish fortress, falls to the Romans after several months of siege, ending the Jewish Revolt.
- 1071 – Bari falls to Robert Guiscard, ending Byzantine rule in Italy.
- 1346 – The Serbian Empire is proclaimed in Skopje by Dusan Silni, occupying much of the Balkans.
- 1521 – Martin Luther's first appearance before the Diet of Worms to be examined by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and the other estates of the empire.
- 1582 – Spanish conquistador Hernando de Lerma founds the settlement of Salta, Argentina.
- 1746 – The Battle of Culloden is fought between the French-supported Jacobites and the British Hanoverian forces commanded by William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland.
- 1780 – The University of Münster in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany is founded.
- 1799 – Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Mount Tabor – Napoleon drives Ottoman Turks across the River Jordan near Acre.
- 1853 – The first passenger rail opens in India, from Bori Bunder, Bombay to Thane.
- 1858 – The Wernerian Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is wound up.
- 1862 – American Civil War: The Battle at Lee's Mills in Virginia.
- 1862 – American Civil War: A bill ending slavery in the District of Columbia becomes law.
- 1863 – American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg – ships led by Union Admiral David Dixon Porter move through heavy Confederate artillery fire on approach to Vicksburg, Mississippi.
- 1881 – In Dodge City, Kansas, Bat Masterson fights his last gun battle.
- 1910 – The University of Queensland is founded, with the names of the members of the first Senate published in the Queensland Government Gazette.
- 1912 – Harriet Quimby becomes the first woman to fly an airplane across the English Channel.
- 1917 – Lenin returns to Petrograd from exile in Switzerland.
- 1919 – Gandhi organizes a day of "prayer and fasting" in response to the killing of Indian protesters in the Amritsar Massacre by the British.
- 1922 – The Treaty of Rapallo, pursuant to which Germany and the Soviet Union re-establish diplomatic relations, is signed.
- 1925 – During the Communist St Nedelya Church assault in Sofia, 150 are killed and 500 are wounded.
- 1941 – World War II: The Italian convoy Duisburg, directed to Tunisia, is attacked and destroyed by British ships.
- 1941 – Bob Feller of the Cleveland Indians throws the only Opening Day no-hitter in the history of Major League Baseball, beating the Chicago White Sox 1-0.
- 1943 – Dr. Albert Hofmann discovers the psychedelic effects of LSD.
- 1945 – The Red Army begins the final assault on German forces around Berlin.
- 1945 – The United States Army liberates Nazi Sonderlager (high security) prisoner-of-war camp Oflag IV-C (better known as Colditz).
- 1945 – More than 7,000 die when the German refugee ship Goya is sunk by a Soviet submarine torpedo.
- 1946 – Syria gains independence.
- 1947 – Texas City Disaster: An explosion on board a freighter in port causes the city of Texas City, Texas, to catch fire, killing almost 600.
- 1947 – Bernard Baruch coins the term "Cold War" to describe the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union.
- 1953 – Queen Elizabeth II launches the Royal Yacht Template:Ship.
- 1963 – Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. pens his Letter from Birmingham Jail while incarcerated in Birmingham, Alabama for protesting against segregation.
- 1972 – Apollo program: The launch of Apollo 16 from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
- 1990 – The "Doctor of Death", Jack Kevorkian, participates in his first assisted suicide.
- 1992 – The Katina P. runs aground off of Maputo, Mozambique and 60,000 tons of crude oil spill into the ocean.
- 2003 – The Treaty of Accession is signed in Athens admitting 10 new member states to the European Union.
- 2004 – The super liner Template:RMS embarks on her first trans-Atlantic crossing, linking the golden age of ocean travel to the modern age of ocean travel.
- 2007 – Virginia Tech massacre: The deadliest spree killing in modern American history. Seung-Hui Cho, kills 32 and injures 23 before committing suicide.
Births
- 778 – King Louis the Pious (d. 840)
- 1319 – King John II of France (d. 1364)
- 1495 – Petrus Apianus, German mathematician (d. 1557)
- 1646 – Jules Hardouin Mansart, French architect (d. 1708)
- 1660 – Hans Sloane, British collector and physician (d. 1753)
- 1661 – Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, British poet and statesman (d. 1715)
- 1682 – John Hadley, British inventor (d. 1744)
- 1693 – Anne Sophie Reventlow, queen of Denmark and Norway (d. 1743)
- 1728 – Joseph Black, Scottish chemist (d. 1799)
- 1730 – Henry Clinton, British general (d. 1795)
- 1755 – Élisabeth-Louise Vigée Le Brun, French painter (d. 1842)
- 1800 – George Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, British soldier (d. 1888)
- 1821 – Ford Madox Brown, English painter (d. 1893)
- 1823 – Ferdinand Eisenstein, German mathematician (d. 1852)
- 1827 – Octave Crémazie, French Canadian poet (d. 1879)
- 1844 – Anatole France, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1924)
- 1847 – Hans Auer, Swiss architect, (d. 1906)
- 1848 – Kandukuri Veeresalingam, Social Reformer of Andhra Pradesh, India (d. 1919)
- 1859 – Winifred Cochrane, Countess of Dundonald, philanthropist (d. 1924)
- 1865 – Henry George Chauvel, Australian general (d. 1945)
- 1866 – José de Diego, Puerto Rico statesman and journalist (d. 1918)
- 1867 – Wilbur Wright, American aviation pioneer (d. 1912)
- 1871 – John Millington Synge, Irish writer (d. 1909)
- 1878 – Tip Foster, English cricketer (d. 1914)
- 1886 – Ernst Thälmann, German politician (d. 1944)
- 1889 – Charlie Chaplin, English actor, writer, songwriter, composer, and film producer (d. 1977)
- 1895 – Robert Dean Frisbie, American writer (d. 1948)
- 1896 – Tristan Tzara, Romanian poet and essayist (d. 1963)
- 1896 – Pat Clayton, British surveyor and explorer (d. 1962)
- 1899 – Osman Achmatowicz, Polish chemist (d. 1988)
- 1904 – Fifi D'Orsay, Canadian actress (d. 1983)
- 1905 – Frits Philips, Dutch businessman (d. 2005)
- 1907 – August Eigruber, Austrian war criminal (d. 1947)
- 1907 – Joseph-Armand Bombardier, French-Canadian inventor and businessman (Bombardier Inc.) (d. 1964)
- 1910 – Berton Roueché, American medical writer (d. 1994)
- 1912 – Garth Williams, American illustrator (d. 1996)
- 1912 – Catherine Scorsese, Italian-American actress (d. 1997)
- 1915 – Gerard McLarnon, Irish playwright (d. 1997)
- 1915 – Joan Alexander, American actress (d. 2009)
- 1917 – Barry Nelson, American actor (d. 2007)
- 1918 – Spike Milligan, Irish comedian (d. 2002)
- 1918 – Dick Gibson, British racing driver
- 1919 – Merce Cunningham, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2009)
- 1919 – Tom Willmore, English geometer (d. 2005)
- 1921 – Peter Ustinov, English actor (d. 2004)
- 1922 – Kingsley Amis, English author (d. 1995)
- 1924 – John Harvey-Jones, Industrialist (d. 2008)
- 1924 – Henry Mancini, American composer (d. 1994)
- 1924 – Rudy Pompilli, American musician (Bill Haley & His Comets) (d. 1976)
- 1927 – Edie Adams, American actress (d. 2008)
- 1927 – Pope Benedict XVI, born Joseph Alois Ratzinger.
- 1927 – Peter Mark Richman, American actor
- 1928 – "Night Train" Lane, American football player (d. 2002)
- 1929 – Roy Hamilton, American singer (d. 1969)
- 1929 – Ed Townsend, American singer and songwriter (d. 2003)
- 1930 – Herbie Mann, American jazz flute player (d. 2003)
- 1933 – Joan Bakewell, British broadcaster
- 1935 – Sarah Kirsch, German poet
- 1935 – Bobby Vinton, American singer
- 1938 – Gordon Wilson, Scottish politician
- 1938 – Rich Rollins, American baseballer
- 1939 – Dusty Springfield, English singer (d. 1999)
- 1939 – Boris Dvornik, Croatian actor (d. 2008.)
- 1940 – Margrethe II of Denmark, queen regnant
- 1940 – Benoît Bouchard, French-Canadian politician
- 1942 – Sir Frank Williams, English F1 constructor and team principal (WilliamsF1)
- 1942 – Jim Lonborg, American baseball player
- 1943 – Ruth Madoc, British actress
- 1943 – Dave Peverett, English musician (Foghat, Savoy Brown) (d. 2000)
- 1944 – Richard Bradshaw British opera conductor
- 1945 – Tom Allen, American politician
- 1946 – Margot Adler, American journalist
- 1947 – Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, American basketball player
- 1947 – Gerry Rafferty, British musician and songwriter
- 1948 – Lynne Franks, British public relations consultant
- 1949 – Melody Patterson, American actress
- 1950 – David Graf, American actor (d. 2001)
- 1951 – Ioan Mihai Cochinescu, Romanian writer and photographer
- 1951 – Björgvin Halldórsson, Icelandic singer
- 1951 – Mordechai Ben David, Jewish singer
- 1952 – Bill Belichick, American football coach
- 1952 – Michel Blanc, French actor
- 1952 – Billy West, American voice actor
- 1953 – Peter Garrett, Australian singer (Midnight Oil) and politician
- 1953 – J. Neil Schulman, American writer
- 1954 – Ellen Barkin, American actress
- 1954 – John Bowe, Australian racing driver
- 1955 – Bruce Bochy, American baseball player and manager
- 1955 – Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg, Grand Duke of Luxembourg
- 1956 – David McDowell Brown, American astronaut (d. 2003)
- 1956 – Lise-Marie Morerod, Swiss skier
- 1959 – Scott McKinsey, American television director
- 1959 – Alison Ramsay, Scottish field hockey player
- 1960 – Rafael Benítez, Spanish football manager
- 1960 – Pierre Littbarski, German footballer
- 1960 – Wahab Akbar, Filipino politician (d. 2007)
- 1961 – Doris Dragović, Croatian singer
- 1962 – Ian MacKaye, American musician, (Fugazi and Minor Threat)
- 1963 – Jimmy Osmond, American pop singer (The Osmonds)
- 1963 – Saleem Malik, Pakistani cricketer
- 1964 – Dave Pirner, American rock singer (Soul Asylum)
- 1964 – David Kohan, American television producer
- 1965 – Jon Cryer, American actor
- 1965 – Martin Lawrence, American actor
- 1965 – Michael Wong Man Tak, Hong Kong actor and director
- 1968 – Vickie Guerrero, WWE professional wrestling personality
- 1969 – Fernando Viña, American baseball player
- 1969 – Patrik Järbyn, Swedish alpine ski racer.
- 1970 – Dero Goi, German musician of industrial group Oomph!
- 1970 – Walt Williams, American basketball player
- 1971 – Peter Billingsley, American actor
- 1971 – Selena Quintanilla, Mexican American singer (d. 1995)
- 1971 – Moses Chan, Hong Kong actor
- 1971 – Seigo Yamamoto, Japanese racing driver
- 1972 – Conchita Martinez, Spanish tennis player
- 1973 – Bonnie Pink, Japanese singer
- 1973 – Aliaune Thiam Akon, American singer and song writer
- 1974 – Mat Devine, American singer (Kill Hannah)
- 1974 – Xu Jinglei, Chinese actress, singer and director
- 1974 – Valarie Rae Miller, American actress
- 1975 – Sean Maher, American actor
- 1975 – Kelli O'Hara, American singer/actress
- 1975 – Nick Pickard, British actor
- 1976 – Lukas Haas, American actor
- 1976 – Dan Kellner, American fencer
- 1976 – Shu Qi, Taiwanese actress
- 1977 – Akon, American singer.
- 1977 – Alek Wek, Sudanese supermodel
- 1977 – Fredrik Ljungberg, Swedish footballer
- 1978 – Matthew Lloyd, Australian rules footballer
- 1978 – Lara Dutta, Indian actress
- 1979 – Christijan Albers, Dutch Formula One driver
- 1979 – Sixto Peralta, Argentine footballer
- 1979 – Sean Costello, American Blues musician
- 1980 – Paul London, American professional wrestler
- 1981 – Anestis Agritis, Greek footballer
- 1982 – Boris Diaw, French basketball player
- 1982 – Barry Jones, Scottish magician
- 1982 – Jonathan Vilma, American football player
- 1982 – Gina Carano, American Mixed Martial Arts fighter.
- 1983 – Cat Osterman, American softball pitcher
- 1983 – George Patis, Greek badminton player
- 1983 – Marié Digby, American Singer
- 1984 – Amelia Atwater-Rhodes, American author
- 1984 – Noah Fleiss, American actor
- 1984 – Tucker Fredricks, American speed skater
- 1985 – Mark Baker, Welsh author and historian
- 1985 – Luol Deng, British-Sudanese basketball player
- 1985 – Benjamín Rojas, Argentine actor and singer
- 1986 – Paul di Resta, British racing driver
- 1987 – Aaron Lennon, English footballer
- 1990 – Lorraine Nicholson, American actress
- 1990 – Lily Loveless, British actress
- 1992 – Prince Sébastien of Luxembourg, Prince of Luxembourg
- 1993 – Mirai Nagasu, American Figure Skater
- 1994 – Liliana Mumy, American actress)
- 2003 – Alina Foley, Child actress
- 2008 – Princess Eléonore of Belgium, Belgian princess
Deaths
- 69 – Otho, Roman Emperor (b. 32)
- 665 – Fructuosus of Braga
- 744 – al-Walid II, Umayyad caliph
- 924 – Berengar of Friuli, King of Italy
- 1113 – Sviatopolk II of Kiev, Russian prince (b. 1050)
- 1118 – Adelaide del Vasto, wife of Roger II of Sicily
- 1198 – Duke Frederick I of Austria
- 1645 – Tobias Hume, English composer
- 1687 – George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English statesman (b. 1628)
- 1689 – Aphra Behn, English dramatist (b. 1640)
- 1783 – Christian Mayer, Czech astronomer (b. 1719)
- 1788 – Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon, French naturalist (b. 1707)
- 1828 – Francisco de Goya, Spanish painter (b. 1746)
- 1846 – Domenico Dragonetti, Italian composer (b. 1763)
- 1850 – Marie Tussaud, founder of the Madame Tussauds wax museum (b. 1761)
- 1859 – Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian (b. 1805)
- 1879 – Bernadette Soubirous, Saint of the Roman Catholic Church and visionary of Lourdes, France during 1858 (b. January 7, 1844)
- 1888 – Zygmunt Florenty Wróblewski, Polish physicist (b. 1845)
- 1899 – Emilio Jacinto, Filipino poet and revolutionary (b. 1875)
- 1904 – Maximilian Kronberger, German poet (b. 1888)
- 1904 – Samuel Smiles, Scottish writer and reformer (b. 1812)
- 1914 – George William Hill, American astronomer (b. 1838)
- 1915 – Nelson W. Aldrich, American politician (b. 1841)
- 1928 – Henry Birks, Canadian businessman, founder of Henri Birks and Sons (b. 1840)
- 1930 – José Carlos Mariátegui, Peruvian journalist, political philosopher and activist (b. 1894)
- 1938 – Steve Bloomer, English footballer (b. 1874)
- 1946 – Arthur Chevrolet, Swiss-born race car driver and automobile designer (b. 1884)
- 1947 – Rudolf Höß, commandant of the Auschwitz concentration camp (b. 1900)
- 1955 – David Kirkwood, Scottish labor leader (b. 1872)
- 1958 – Rosalind Franklin, British chemist (b. 1920)
- 1968 – Fay Bainter, American actress (b. 1893)
- 1968 – Edna Ferber, American author (b. 1885)
- 1970 – Richard Neutra, American architect (b. 1892)
- 1972 – Kawabata Yasunari, Japanese writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
- 1973 – Nino Bravo, Spanish singer (b. 1944)
- 1978 – Lucius Clay, American general (b. 1897)
- 1985 – Scott Brady, American actor (b. 1924)
- 1989 – Miles Lawrence, English cricketer (b. 1940)
- 1991 – Sir David Lean, British film director (b. 1908)
- 1992 – Neville Brand, American actor (b. 1920)
- 1992 – Andy Russell, American singer (b. 1919)
- 1994 – Ralph Ellison, American writer (b. 1913)
- 1995 – Arthur English, English actor and comedian (b. 1919)
- 1995 – Iqbal Masih, Pakistani child slave labourer, activist (b. 1982)
- 1996 – Stavros Niarchos, Greek shipping tycoon (b. 1909)
- 1997 – Doris Angleton, American socialite (b. 1951)
- 1997 – Roland Topor, French illustrator (b. 1938)
- 1998 – Fred Davis, English snooker player (b. 1913)
- 1998 – Alberto Calderón, Argentine mathematician (b. 1920)
- 1999 – Skip Spence, Canadian-born guitarist, singer and songwriter (Jefferson Airplane) (b. 1946)
- 2001 – Alec Stock, English football manager (b. 1917)
- 2002 – Ruth Fertel, American restaurateur (b. 1927)
- 2002 – Robert Urich, American actor (b. 1946)
- 2002 – Billy Ayre, English footballer and manager (b. 1952)
- 2003 – Graham Jarvis, Canadian actor (b. 1930)
- 2003 – Graham Stuart Thomas, English author and garden designer (b. 1909)
- 2005 – Kay Walsh, British actress (b. 1911)
- 2005 – Kim Mu-saeng, South Korean actor (b. 1943)
- 2005 – Marla Ruzicka, American humanitarian worker and peace activist (b. 1976)
- 2006 – Francisco Adam, Portuguese actor and model (b. 1983)
- 2007 – Gaetan Duchesne, Canadian hockey player (b. 1962)
- 2007 – Maria Lenk, Brazilian swimmer and first Brazilian woman to compete in the Olympic Games (b. 1915)
- 2007 – Jocelyne Couture-Nowak, Canadian instructor of French at Virginia Tech (b. 1958)
- 2007 – Kevin Granata, American professor of Engineering (b. 1961)
- 2007 – Liviu Librescu, American Jewish-Romanian professor of Engineering Science and Mechanics and Holocaust survivor (b. 1930)
- 2007 – G. V. Loganathan, Indian American professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering (b. 1954)
- 2007 – Frank Bateson, New Zealand astronomer (b. 1909)
- 2008 – Edward Lorenz, American mathematician and meteorologist (b. 1917)
- 2008 – Joseph Solman, American painter (b. 1909)
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