1877
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1877 (MDCCCLXXVII) was the 877th year of the 2nd millennium, the 77th year of the 19th century, and the 8th year of the 1870s decade.
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Art and culture
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Technology
- November 21 - Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record sound (this is considered to be Edison's first great invention) (Edison demonstrated the device for the first time on November 29).
- Praxinoscope invented in France
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Literature
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Fiction
- Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy
- The Pillars of Society by Henrik Ibsen
- L'Assommoir by Emile Zola
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Non-fiction
- Index Librorum Prohibitorum by Henry Spencer Ashbee
- The Dance of Death by Ambrose Bierce
- "Is the Bible Indictable?" (c. 1877), a pamphlet by Annie Besant
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Visual art
- Arrival of the Normandy Train, Gare Saint-Lazare by Claude Monet
- Orlando Furioso illustrations by Gustave Doré
- Rue de Paris; Temps de pluie ("Paris street; Rainy weather") by Gustave Caillebotte
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Births
- Date unknown Carlos Schwabe, Symbolist painter (d. 1927)
- January 20 - Raymond Roussel, French writer and artist (d. 1933)
- January 26 - Kees van Dongen, painter (d. 1968)
- April 10 - Alfred Kubin, Austrian visual artist (d. 1959)
- May 3 - Karl Abraham, German psychoanalyst (d. 1925)
- June 3 - Raoul Dufy, Fauvist painter (d. 1953)
- July 2 - Hermann Hesse, German-born writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1962)
- November 15 - William Hope Hodgson, English author (d. 1918)
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Deaths
- March 24 - Walter Bagehot, British businessman, essayist and journalist (b. 1826)
- September 5 - Crazy Horse, Oglala Sioux chief (b. 1849)
- December 31 - Gustave Courbet, French painter (b. 1819)
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