Roman frénétique
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| - | '''The frenetique school''' is a school of [[French literature of the 19th century|literature in 19th century France]]. The term ''frénétique'' is French for ''frenetic'' and means fast, frantic, harried, or frenzied. The term was coined by [[Charles Nodier]]. | + | '''Le roman frénétique''' is a school of [[French literature of the 19th century|literature in 19th century France]]. The term was coined by [[Charles Nodier]] and means frenetic, fast, frantic, harried, or frenzied. |
| In the category of "la littérature frénétique", most frequently cited are [[Jules Janin]] (''[[The Dead Donkey and the Guillotined Woman]]''), [[Charles Lassailly]], [[Xavier Forneret]] (''[[Un pauvre honteux]]''), [[Charles-Victor Prévot, vicomte d'Arlincourt|Arlincourt]] (''Le Solitaire'') [[Charles Nodier]] (''[[Smarra, or The Demons of the Night]]'', [[1821]]), [[Frédéric Soulié]] (''[[Les Mémoires du diable]]'', [[1838]]) and [[Petrus Borel]] (''[[Immoral Tales|Champavert, contes immoraux]]'', [[1833]]). Its peak was the late 1820s and early 1830s. | In the category of "la littérature frénétique", most frequently cited are [[Jules Janin]] (''[[The Dead Donkey and the Guillotined Woman]]''), [[Charles Lassailly]], [[Xavier Forneret]] (''[[Un pauvre honteux]]''), [[Charles-Victor Prévot, vicomte d'Arlincourt|Arlincourt]] (''Le Solitaire'') [[Charles Nodier]] (''[[Smarra, or The Demons of the Night]]'', [[1821]]), [[Frédéric Soulié]] (''[[Les Mémoires du diable]]'', [[1838]]) and [[Petrus Borel]] (''[[Immoral Tales|Champavert, contes immoraux]]'', [[1833]]). Its peak was the late 1820s and early 1830s. | ||
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Le roman frénétique is a school of literature in 19th century France. The term was coined by Charles Nodier and means frenetic, fast, frantic, harried, or frenzied.
In the category of "la littérature frénétique", most frequently cited are Jules Janin (The Dead Donkey and the Guillotined Woman), Charles Lassailly, Xavier Forneret (Un pauvre honteux), Arlincourt (Le Solitaire) Charles Nodier (Smarra, or The Demons of the Night, 1821), Frédéric Soulié (Les Mémoires du diable, 1838) and Petrus Borel (Champavert, contes immoraux, 1833). Its peak was the late 1820s and early 1830s.
Its wider context is gothic literature. Every European country had its own terminology to denote the sensibility of the gothic novel. In France it was called the roman noir ("black novel", now primarily used to denote the hardboiled detective genre) and in Germany it was called the Schauerroman ("shudder novel"). Italy and Spain must have had their own, but I am unaware of their names as of yet.
Their is some overlap with the Bouzingos.
Some French language notes
- A côté du romantisme officiel qui occupe le devant de la scène existe un autre courant, encore marginal mais porteur d'avenir. Influencée par le roman gothique et ses images de caveaux humides, fantômes blafards et cul-de-basse-fosse ensanglantés, une certaine tendance friande d'horreur et de frissons s'épanouit en France, la littérature "frénétique". Elle se teinte d'ailleurs assez vite d'aspects parodiques (Jules Janin, Charles Lassailly), ou alors accentue son côté sombre et pervers accompagné d'un humour très noir (Pétrus Borel "le lycanthrope", 1809-1859). --http://gallica.bnf.fr/themes/LitXVIIIIk.htm
Je m'empare du terme "frénétique" employé par Nodier pour ajouter ces quelques notes :
En effet, dès 1821, Charles Nodier, (Annales de la littérature et des arts, XVe livraison: "école frénétique"), regroupait au sein du genre un ensemble d’ouvrages qui avaient été particulièrement en faveur auprès du public de 1790 à 1820 et qui visaient, pour l'essentiel, à ébranler les nerfs du lecteur ou du spectateur (quelle est la citation exacte de Nodier ?). En effet, sous sa forme canonique, le texte frénétique tend à faire appel, à un degré variable, au surnaturel et à multiplier les apparitions de spectres et de cadavres sur fond de décors sinistres: châteaux ou abbayes en ruines, souterrains, cimetières, et autres.
Castex (P.-G. Castex, "Frénésie romantique", Cahiers du sud, n° spécial Les petits romantiques français, 1949) définit la littérature frénétique comme caractérisée par le besoin […] d'affranchir l'esprit humain des limites que lui imposent la raison, la morale, l'ordre social, mais sans en appeler toujours au surnaturel (vérifier l’exactitude de la citation). Mais la connotation dépréciative de l'adjectif " frénétique " le fait réserver par P.G. Castex aux productions mineures. indexfantastique
Related
19th century literature - fiction - French literature - Romanticism
References
- La France frénétique de 1830: Choix de textes (1978) - Jean-Luc Steinmetz ISBN 285940015X
- Smarra & Trilby (1821, 1822) - Charles Nodier
