List of people associated with the French Revolution
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | # [[fanatically]] [[opposed]] to [[progress]] or [[liberalism]]; very [[conservative]] | ||
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| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| + | This is a [[Wikipedia:Incomplete lists|partial '''list''']] '''of people associated with the [[French Revolution]]''', including supporters and opponents. Note that not all people listed here were [[French people|French]]. | ||
| - | '''Reactionary''' (or '''reactionist''') is a political epithet, generally used as a [[pejorative]], originally applied in the context of the [[French Revolution]] to [[counter-revolutionary|counter-revolutionaries]] who wished to restore the real or imagined conditions of the [[monarchy|monarchical]] ''[[Ancien Régime]]''. Through the 19th century, it was used to refer to those who wished to preserve [[feudalism]] or [[aristocracy|aristocratic]] privilege against [[industrialism]], [[republicanism]], [[liberalism]], and in some cases [[socialism]]. | + | {{compact ToC|side=yes|top=yes|num=yes}} |
| + | {| | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == A == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles X of France|Charles, comte d'Artois]] || Younger brother of [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] and one of the first [[émigré]]s; later King Charles X (1824–1830). | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[Reine Audu]]|| Participant in [[The Women's March on Versailles]] and the [[10 August (French Revolution)]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Pierre François Charles Augereau, duc de Castiglione|Charles Augereau, duc de Castiglione]] || Officer throughout the Revolutionary era and [[First French Empire|Empire]]; later a general and [[Marshal of France]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean-Pierre-André Amar]] || Deputy to the [[National Convention]] from [[Isère]]; member of the [[Committee of General Security]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == B == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[François-Noël Babeuf]] || Proto-[[Socialism|socialist]], [[guillotine]]d in 1797 after an attempted ''[[coup d'etat]]''. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Sylvain Bailly]] || President of the [[Estates General (France)|Third Estate]] who administered the [[Tennis Court Oath]]; made Mayor of [[Paris]] after the [[storming of the Bastille]]; guillotined during the [[Reign of Terror]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Antoine Barnave]] || [[Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional monarchist]] and [[Feuillant (political group)|Feuillant]]; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Paul François Jean Nicolas, vicomte de Barras|Paul Nicolas, vicomte de Barras]] || A ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]'', then [[9 Thermidor|Thermidorian]]; ultimately the [[French Directory|Directory]] régime's executive leader. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Madame du Barry]] || Mistress of King [[Louis XV]] and famous victim of the guillotine during the [[Reign of Terror]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy]] || Briefly a [[French Directory|Director]]; exiled to [[French Guiana]]; returned to France during the [[First French Empire|Empire]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles XIV John of Sweden|Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte]] || General, Ambassador to Vienna and Minister of War; later King of [[Sweden]] and [[Norway]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Joséphine de Beauharnais]] || Empress; wife of [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis Alexandre Berthier]] || General; effectively Napoleon Bonaparte's chief of staff. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne]] || [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; survived [[9 Thermidor]]; later deported to [[French Guiana]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Joseph Bonaparte]] || Eldest Bonaparte brother; supported his brother Napoleon; later made King of [[Naples]] and then [[Spain]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Lucien Bonaparte]] || Younger brother of Napoleon; President of the Assembly during the Directory; later fell out with Napoleon. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] || General; seized power as [[First Consul]] in the [[18 Brumaire]] ''coup''. Made virtual dictator as Consul for Life in 1802. Declared Emperor of the French in 1804. Founded the [[First French Empire]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis-Antoine-Henri de Bourbon-Condé|Louis Antoine de Bourbon, duc d'Enghien]] || [[Prince of the Blood]]; son of the Duc de Bourbon; kidnapped and executed by [[Napoleon]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis François II de Bourbon, prince de Conti|Louis François de Bourbon]] || [[Prince of the Blood]]; briefly emigrated from 1789–1790, but returned to France; expelled by [[French Directory|Directory]]; died in exile. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis Henry II, Prince of Condé|Louis Henri, duc de Bourbon]] || [[Prince of the Blood]], son of the Prince de Condé and father of the Duc d'Enghien; emigrated. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis Joseph de Bourbon, prince de Condé|Louis Joseph de Bourbon]] || [[Prince of the Blood]]; composed the [[Brunswick Manifesto]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles de Bouvens]] || Orator who had to flee the [[French Revolution]] due to his conservative views. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis de Breteuil]] || Royalist; briefly supplanted [[Jacques Necker|Necker]] in the royal cabinet. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne|Cardinal Étienne Charles de Brienne]] || Royalist; President of the Royal Council of Finances shortly before the Revolution. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jacques Pierre Brissot]] de Warville || [[Girondist]] (Brissotin); guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Guillaume Marie Anne Brune]] || Political journalist; [[Jacobin (politics)|Jacobin]]; friend of [[Georges Danton]]; appointed a general, then [[Marshal of France]]; murdered by royalists during the [[Second White Terror|White Terror]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Edmund Burke]] || [[English people|English]] philosopher and politician; author of famous 1790 polemic against the Revolution. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == C == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles Alexandre de Calonne]] || French Controller-General of Finances from 1783 to 1787, whose discovery of the perilous state of French finances in 1786 precipitated the crisis leading to the Revolution. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès]] || Moderate; [[French Consulate|Second Consul]] under [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]; chief contributor to the [[Napoleonic Code]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Pierre Joseph Cambon]] || Legislative and the Convention member; directed French financial policy and aided in the [[Thermidor]] ''coup''. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot]] || Mathematician; physicist; [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; "Organizer of Victory"; turned against [[Maximilien Robespierre|Robespierre]] on [[9 Thermidor]]; a [[French Directory|Director]]; ousted in [[French Directory#18 Fructidor|18 Fructidor]] ''coup''. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis Philippe of France|Louis Philippe, duc de Chartres]] || Eldest son of the Duke of Orleans; defected to [[Austria]] with [[Charles Dumouriez|Dumouriez]] in 1793; later King of France. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Pierre Gaspard Chaumette]] || [[Cult of Reason]] devotee; guillotined, as was fellow devotee [[Jacques Hébert]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[André Chénier]] || Poet; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Chouan]] || Royalist counter-revolutionary. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Étienne Clavière]] || [[Girondist]]; finance minister 1792; died in prison by suicide 1793. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Anacharsis Cloots]] || Philosopher and writer; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Marie Collot d'Herbois]] || Actor; [[Paris Commune]] member; belated ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; deported to [[French Guiana]] after [[9 Thermidor]] revolt, where he died. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Marquis de Condorcet]] || Philosopher; mathematician; [[Girondist]] associate; died in prison. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charlotte Corday]] || Assassinated [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]]; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles-Augustin de Coulomb]] || Scientist; [[metric system]] pioneer. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Georges Couthon]] || ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; guillotined following [[9 Thermidor]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == D == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Georges Danton]] || Writer; [[Jacobin (politics)|Jacobin]], but neither a [[Girondist]] nor a ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Pierre Claude François Daunou]] || Historian; loosely associated with the [[Girondist]]s faction; served both [[French Directory|Directory]] and [[First French Empire|Empire]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jacques-Louis David]] || Painter; ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; [[Committee of General Security]] member; survived fall from power following [[9 Thermidor]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis Charles Antoine Desaix]] || General; killed while leading the French to victory during the [[Battle of Marengo (1800)]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Camille Desmoulins]] || Journalist; ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; [[Georges Danton|Danton]] associate; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Denis Diderot]] || [[The Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] author; [[atheist]] philosopher; influenced Revolutionary theory. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jacques François Dugommier]] || General; [[National Convention]] deputy. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles François Dumouriez]] || General; sometime [[Girondist]] and Foreign Minister in the Girondist cabinet; eventually defected to [[Austria]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours]] || [[Constitutional monarchy|Constitutional monarchist]]; [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] president; eventually exiled. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Roger Ducos]] || Deputy from [[Landes (department)|Landes]]; member of the [[Council of Five Hundred]]; vice-president of the [[Sénat conservateur|Consulate Senate]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == E == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Grace Elliott]] || [[Scots people|Scottish]] [[courtesan]]; former mistress of [[Louis Philippe II, duc d'Orléans]]; resident in Paris throughout the Revolution. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Antoine Joseph Marie d'Espinassy]] || Politician, Knight, General and Deputy; Royal of [[Signes, Var|Signes]] and Revolutionary. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == F == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Fabre d'Églantine]] || Author of the [[French Revolutionary Calendar]]; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Joseph Fesch]] || [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]]; closely associated with [[Napoleon Bonaparte]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Joseph Fouché]] || Jacobin deputy; [[Thermidorian Reaction|Thermidorian]]; [[List of Police Ministers of France|Minister of Police]] under Napoleon. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville]] || Public Prosecutor during the [[Reign of Terror]]; subsequently guillotined (1795). | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == G == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Olympe de Gouges]] || Writer; advocate of gender equality; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Henri Grégoire]] || Revolutionary priest; supported [[Civil Constitution of the Clergy]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == H == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jacques Hébert]] || [[Polemicist]]; editor of ''[[Le Père Duchesne]]''; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Marie Jean Hérault de Séchelles|Marie Jean Hérault]] || [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; revised [[Marquis de Condorcet|Condorcet]]'s [[Constitution of 1793]]; [[Georges Danton|Danton]] associate; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis Lazare Hoche|Lazare Hoche]] || Soldier rapidly promoted to General during early years of Revolution. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[Pierre-Augustin Hulin]] || Ex-royal soldier and one of the first revolutionaries to enter the Bastille; later general under [[Napoleon I of France|Bonaparte]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == I == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == J == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean-Baptiste Jourdan]] || General; victor at the battles of [[Battle of Wattignies (1793)|Wattignies]] and [[Battle of Fleurus (1794)|Fleurus]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == K == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[François Christophe Kellermann]] || Promoted to General early in the Revolution; [[Battle of Valmy]] hero; [[Marshal of France]]; army administrator during [[First French Empire|Empire]] years. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean-Baptiste Kléber]] || Revolutionary general; assassinated in 1800. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == L == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Pierre Choderlos de Laclos]] || [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Bonapartist]] general; author of ''[[Les Liaisons dangereuses]]''. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Marie Thérèse Louise de Savoie-Carignan, princesse de Lamballe|Marie Thérèse, princesse de Lamballe]] || Friend of Marie Antoinette; victim of the [[September Massacres]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette]] || General; [[Constitutional monarchy|constitutional monarchist]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Claire Lacombe]] || Feminist revolutionary, founder of the [[Society of Revolutionary Republican Women]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth|Alexandre-Théodore, comte de Lameth]] || Leading [[Feuillant (political group)|Feuillant]]; formed "Triumvirate" with Barnave and Duport; eventually emigrated. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles Malo François Lameth]] || Brother of Alexandre de Lameth; [[Feuillant (political group)|Feuillant]]; emigrated. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Lannes]] || Soldier rising through ranks to become general; [[Marshal of France]]; close to [[Napoleon|Bonaparte]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Arnaud de Laporte]] || High royal government official, headed up antirevolutionary activities; second political victim of the guillotine. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[Bernard-Rene de Launay|Marquis de Launay]] || Royalist governor of the Bastille; killed after its storming. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Antoine Lavoisier]] || Scientist; [[Metric system|metric]] pioneer; tax collector; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles Leclerc (general)|Charles Leclerc]] || General; close to [[Napoleon|Bonaparte]]; served in [[Haiti]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas]] || Deputy to the National Convention from [[Pas-de-Calais]]; Robespierrist and close ally of [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just|Saint-Just]]; committed suicide at Robespierre's downfall. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau]] || Former noble; voted to execute [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]]; assassinated one day before the execution of Louis XVI. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis Legendre]] || Deputy for the Seine, present at various events. Eventual President of the Convention, member of the Council of Ancients and Council of Five Hundred. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jacques-Donatien Le Ray]] || Promoted French support for the [[American Revolution]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet]] || [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; opposed [[Girondist]] faction. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Toussaint L'Ouverture]] || Commander of [[Haiti]]an rebels fighting against French occupying forces; captured and imprisoned by Napoleon's government. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis XVI of France]] || French king at outbreak of Revolution; deposed; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis XVII of France]]|| The "Lost ''[[Dauphin of France|Dauphin]]''" | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[Nicolas Luckner|Nicolas, Comte Luckner]] || German-born [[Marshal of France]]; commanded troops for the [[French First Republic|First Republic]]; guillotined during the Reign of Terror. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == M == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Guillaume-Chrétien de Lamoignon de Malesherbes|Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes]] || [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]]'s defense counsel at his trial, although not known as a royalist; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean-Paul Marat]] || Radical journalist; ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; assassinated by [[Charlotte Corday]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[François-Séverin Marceau]] || Soldier who participated in the [[storming of the Bastille]]; later a general. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Marie Antoinette]] || [[Queen consort]] of France; deposed, guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[André Masséna]] || General; victor at the [[Second Battle of Zurich|Battle of Zürich]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean-Sifrein Maury]] || French cardinal; Archbishop of Paris; royalist. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Théroigne de Méricourt]] || Radical agitator, organizer. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Philippe-Antoine Merlin]]<br /><small>("Merlin de Douai")</small> || [[French Directory|Director]]; later a [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Bonapartist]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau|Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau]] <br /><small>("Mirabeau")</small> || Represented the [[Estates General (France)|Third Estate]] in the [[Estates-General of 1789]], despite being a noble; remained a major political figure throughout the rest of his life. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Antoine-François Momoro]] || Printer, publisher, and [[Revolutionary sections of Paris|section]] leader; [[Hébertists|Hébertist]]; originator of the phrase ''[[Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité]]''; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu|Charles, baron de Montesquieu]]<br /><small>("Montesquieu")</small> || [[The Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] political philosopher; influenced Revolutionary thinking | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Victor Marie Moreau]] || General; victor at the [[Battle of Hohenlinden]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Gouverneur Morris]] || American minister to France; witness and diarist of the early Revolution, 1792–94. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean-François-Auguste Moulin]] || General; member of the Directory. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Joseph Mounier]] || Monarchist deputy; president of the [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]], 1789. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Joachim Murat]] || Prominent [[cavalry]] general; became Napoleon's brother-in-law; later made King of [[Naples]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == N == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jacques Necker]] || Liberal royalist; Director-General of Finance whose dismissal precipitated the [[storming of the Bastille]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == O == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis Philippe II, duc d'Orléans]] || First [[Prince of the Blood]]; supported the Revolution, taking the name ''Philippe Egalité''; voted to execute his cousin the King; later guillotined on suspicion of plotting to become King. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == P == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Thomas Paine]] || [[American Revolution|American revolutionary]] writer; moved to France during French Revolution but subsequently fell out of favor; arrested, imprisoned and sentenced to death during [[Reign of Terror]], but survived. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve]] || [[Paris Commune (French Revolution)|Insurrectionary]] mayor of Paris; member of first [[Committee of Public Safety]]; associated with [[Girondist]]s; committed suicide during [[Reign of Terror]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Pierre Philippeaux]] || ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; [[Georges Danton|Danton]] associate; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | Philippe Egalité || See [[Louis Philippe II, duc d'Orléans|Orléans, Louis Philippe II, duc d']] above. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles Pichegru]] || General; member of the [[Council of Five Hundred]]; conspirator in the [[Coup of 18 Fructidor]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois]]<br /><small>("Prieur de la Côte-d'Or")</small> || Engineer; [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; [[Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot|Carnot]] associate; turned against [[Maximilien Robespierre|Robespierre]] on [[9 Thermidor]]; [[Council of Five Hundred]] member during [[French Directory|Directory]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Pierre Louis Prieur]]<br /><small>("Crieur de la Marne")</small> || [[National Constituent Assembly (France)|National Constituent Assembly]] secretary; [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; exiled following [[Bourbon Restoration]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis XVIII of France|Louis, comte de Provence]] || [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]]'s younger brother; emigrated 1791; declared himself Louis XVIII, King of France in 1795, but did not actually assume the throne until 1814. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Q == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == R == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean-François Rewbell]] || Deputy; Feuillant; member of the Directory. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Maximilien Robespierre]] || ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; prominent during [[Reign of Terror]]; guillotined after [[9 Thermidor]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |[[Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte de Rochambeau|Comte de Rochambeau]] || Senior general and former commander of French troops during the [[American Revolution]], commander of the [[Armee du Nord]] for the [[French First Republic|Republic]]; imprisoned during the Reign of Terror but not executed. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Marie Roland|Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière]] || [[Girondist]]; interior minister in 1792; committed suicide in 1793 following his wife's condemnation. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Madame Roland]]<br /><small>(Manon-Jeanne Roland, née Philpon)</small> || [[Jean Marie Roland|Jean-Marie Roland]]'s wife; author of influential Revolutionary writings under Roland's name; ''[[Salon (gathering)|salonière]]''; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Gilbert Romme]] || Initially a [[Girondist]] politician, then ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; designed [[French Republican Calendar]]; condemned after Girondists' return to power; committed suicide before execution. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] || [[the Enlightenment|Enlightenment]] political philosopher; influenced Revolutionary thinking. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jacques Roux]] || [[Jacques Hébert|Hébertist]] leader of the ''Enragés'' faction; member of [[Paris Commune]]; arrested during [[Reign of Terror]]; committed suicide before trial. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == S == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Marquis de Sade]] || Author of erotica and philosophy; imprisoned on charges of sodomy and poisoning at the outbreak of the Revolution; released 1790; elected to the [[National Convention]]; escaped execution during the [[Reign of Terror]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Bon Saint-André]] || ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; later became a naval officer and administrator. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just]] || [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; close associate of [[Maximilien Robespierre|Robespierre]]; prominent in [[Reign of Terror]]; guillotined after [[9 Thermidor]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Joseph Marie Servan de Gerbey|Joseph Servan]] || General; Minister of War. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès|Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès]] || Although a [[Clergy|cleric]], entered the [[Estates-General of 1789]] as a representative of the [[Estates General (France)|Third Estate]]; author of pamphlet ''What is the Third Estate?''; instigated the [[18 Brumaire]] ''[[coup d'etat|coup]]'', but outflanked by [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Bonaparte]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Anne Louise Germaine de Staël|Madame de Staël]] || Daughter of [[Jacques Necker]]; ''[[Salon (gathering)|salonière]]'' and writer; adopted moderate Revolutionary position; opposed Napoleon. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == T == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Lambert Tallien]] || ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; later a leading [[9 Thermidor|Thermidorian]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Thérésa Tallien|Madame Tallien]]<br /><small>(Thérésa Tallien, née Teresa Cabarrús)</small> || Her moderating influence on her husband [[Jean Lambert Tallien]] saved lives in the wake of [[9 Thermidor]], earning her the moniker ''Notre-Dame de Thermidor'' ("Our Lady of Thermidor"). | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord]]<br /><small>("Talleyrand")</small> || Clergyman and diplomat; initially a royalist, then revolutionary; co-wrote the [[Declaration of the Rights of Man]] and the [[Civil Constitution of the Clergy]]; survived [[9 Thermidor]] to become Foreign Minister under [[French Directory|Directory]], [[Napoleon Bonaparte|Bonaparte]] and the [[Bourbon Restoration]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target]] || Lawyer and politician; deputy of the [[Estates General (France)|Third Estate]] in the [[Estates-General of 1789]]; survived [[Reign of Terror]] to become [[French Directory|Directory]] politician. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Jean Baptiste Treilhard]] || Deputy from Paris; held multiple high-ranking offices including Director. | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == U == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |colspan=2| | ||
| + | |||
| + | == V == | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud]] || [[Girondist]] leader; guillotined. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac]] || [[Girondist]], then ''[[The Mountain|Montagnard]]''; [[Committee of Public Safety]] member; drew up [[9 Thermidor]] report outlawing [[Robespierre]]; later a [[Napoleon|Bonapartist]]. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | [[Voltaire]]<br /><small>(François-Marie Arouet)</small> || [[The Englightenment|Enlightenment]] author and philosopher whose writings influenced Revolutionary thinking. | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | |} | ||
| - | Later on in the early [[20th century]], the term also came to describe those favouring a stronger role of the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] in society, as well as - pejoratively - the diverse groups and individuals criticizing certain aspects of [[ideology|ideologies]] like [[liberalism]], [[democratic socialism]], secularism, and other leftist ideologies. | + | == See also == |
| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | * [[Age of Metternich]] | + | |
| - | * [[Conservatism]] | + | |
| - | * [[Counter-revolutionary]] | + | |
| - | * [[French Revolution]] | + | |
| * [[Glossary of the French Revolution]] | * [[Glossary of the French Revolution]] | ||
| - | * [[List of people associated with the French Revolution]] | + | * [[List of historians of the French Revolution]] |
| - | * [[Right-wing politics]] | + | |
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 07:41, 12 April 2019
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This is a partial list of people associated with the French Revolution, including supporters and opponents. Note that not all people listed here were French.
A | |||
| Charles, comte d'Artois | Younger brother of Louis XVI and one of the first émigrés; later King Charles X (1824–1830). | ||
| Reine Audu | Participant in The Women's March on Versailles and the 10 August (French Revolution). | ||
| Charles Augereau, duc de Castiglione | Officer throughout the Revolutionary era and Empire; later a general and Marshal of France. | ||
| Jean-Pierre-André Amar | Deputy to the National Convention from Isère; member of the Committee of General Security. | ||
B | |||
| François-Noël Babeuf | Proto-socialist, guillotined in 1797 after an attempted coup d'etat. | ||
| Jean Sylvain Bailly | President of the Third Estate who administered the Tennis Court Oath; made Mayor of Paris after the storming of the Bastille; guillotined during the Reign of Terror. | ||
| Antoine Barnave | Constitutional monarchist and Feuillant; guillotined. | ||
| Paul Nicolas, vicomte de Barras | A Montagnard, then Thermidorian; ultimately the Directory régime's executive leader. | ||
| Madame du Barry | Mistress of King Louis XV and famous victim of the guillotine during the Reign of Terror. | ||
| François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy | Briefly a Director; exiled to French Guiana; returned to France during the Empire. | ||
| Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte | General, Ambassador to Vienna and Minister of War; later King of Sweden and Norway. | ||
| Joséphine de Beauharnais | Empress; wife of Napoleon Bonaparte. | ||
| Louis Alexandre Berthier | General; effectively Napoleon Bonaparte's chief of staff. | ||
| Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne | Committee of Public Safety member; survived 9 Thermidor; later deported to French Guiana. | ||
| Joseph Bonaparte | Eldest Bonaparte brother; supported his brother Napoleon; later made King of Naples and then Spain. | ||
| Lucien Bonaparte | Younger brother of Napoleon; President of the Assembly during the Directory; later fell out with Napoleon. | ||
| Napoleon Bonaparte | General; seized power as First Consul in the 18 Brumaire coup. Made virtual dictator as Consul for Life in 1802. Declared Emperor of the French in 1804. Founded the First French Empire. | ||
| Louis Antoine de Bourbon, duc d'Enghien | Prince of the Blood; son of the Duc de Bourbon; kidnapped and executed by Napoleon. | ||
| Louis François de Bourbon | Prince of the Blood; briefly emigrated from 1789–1790, but returned to France; expelled by Directory; died in exile. | ||
| Louis Henri, duc de Bourbon | Prince of the Blood, son of the Prince de Condé and father of the Duc d'Enghien; emigrated. | ||
| Louis Joseph de Bourbon | Prince of the Blood; composed the Brunswick Manifesto. | ||
| Charles de Bouvens | Orator who had to flee the French Revolution due to his conservative views. | ||
| Louis de Breteuil | Royalist; briefly supplanted Necker in the royal cabinet. | ||
| Cardinal Étienne Charles de Brienne | Royalist; President of the Royal Council of Finances shortly before the Revolution. | ||
| Jacques Pierre Brissot de Warville | Girondist (Brissotin); guillotined. | ||
| Guillaume Marie Anne Brune | Political journalist; Jacobin; friend of Georges Danton; appointed a general, then Marshal of France; murdered by royalists during the White Terror. | ||
| Edmund Burke | English philosopher and politician; author of famous 1790 polemic against the Revolution. | ||
C | |||
| Charles Alexandre de Calonne | French Controller-General of Finances from 1783 to 1787, whose discovery of the perilous state of French finances in 1786 precipitated the crisis leading to the Revolution. | ||
| Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès | Moderate; Second Consul under Bonaparte; chief contributor to the Napoleonic Code. | ||
| Pierre Joseph Cambon | Legislative and the Convention member; directed French financial policy and aided in the Thermidor coup. | ||
| Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot | Mathematician; physicist; Committee of Public Safety member; "Organizer of Victory"; turned against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor; a Director; ousted in 18 Fructidor coup. | ||
| Louis Philippe, duc de Chartres | Eldest son of the Duke of Orleans; defected to Austria with Dumouriez in 1793; later King of France. | ||
| Pierre Gaspard Chaumette | Cult of Reason devotee; guillotined, as was fellow devotee Jacques Hébert. | ||
| André Chénier | Poet; guillotined. | ||
| Jean Chouan | Royalist counter-revolutionary. | ||
| Étienne Clavière | Girondist; finance minister 1792; died in prison by suicide 1793. | ||
| Anacharsis Cloots | Philosopher and writer; guillotined. | ||
| Jean Marie Collot d'Herbois | Actor; Paris Commune member; belated Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; deported to French Guiana after 9 Thermidor revolt, where he died. | ||
| Marquis de Condorcet | Philosopher; mathematician; Girondist associate; died in prison. | ||
| Charlotte Corday | Assassinated Marat; guillotined. | ||
| Charles-Augustin de Coulomb | Scientist; metric system pioneer. | ||
| Georges Couthon | Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; guillotined following 9 Thermidor. | ||
D | |||
| Georges Danton | Writer; Jacobin, but neither a Girondist nor a Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; guillotined. | ||
| Pierre Claude François Daunou | Historian; loosely associated with the Girondists faction; served both Directory and Empire. | ||
| Jacques-Louis David | Painter; Montagnard; Committee of General Security member; survived fall from power following 9 Thermidor. | ||
| Louis Charles Antoine Desaix | General; killed while leading the French to victory during the Battle of Marengo (1800). | ||
| Camille Desmoulins | Journalist; Montagnard; Danton associate; guillotined. | ||
| Denis Diderot | Enlightenment author; atheist philosopher; influenced Revolutionary theory. | ||
| Jacques François Dugommier | General; National Convention deputy. | ||
| Charles François Dumouriez | General; sometime Girondist and Foreign Minister in the Girondist cabinet; eventually defected to Austria. | ||
| Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours | Constitutional monarchist; National Constituent Assembly president; eventually exiled. | ||
| Roger Ducos | Deputy from Landes; member of the Council of Five Hundred; vice-president of the Consulate Senate. | ||
E | |||
| Grace Elliott | Scottish courtesan; former mistress of Louis Philippe II, duc d'Orléans; resident in Paris throughout the Revolution. | ||
| Antoine Joseph Marie d'Espinassy | Politician, Knight, General and Deputy; Royal of Signes and Revolutionary. | ||
F | |||
| Fabre d'Églantine | Author of the French Revolutionary Calendar; guillotined. | ||
| Joseph Fesch | Cardinal; closely associated with Napoleon Bonaparte. | ||
| Joseph Fouché | Jacobin deputy; Thermidorian; Minister of Police under Napoleon. | ||
| Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville | Public Prosecutor during the Reign of Terror; subsequently guillotined (1795). | ||
G | |||
| Olympe de Gouges | Writer; advocate of gender equality; guillotined. | ||
| Henri Grégoire | Revolutionary priest; supported Civil Constitution of the Clergy. | ||
H | |||
| Jacques Hébert | Polemicist; editor of Le Père Duchesne; guillotined. | ||
| Marie Jean Hérault | Committee of Public Safety member; revised Condorcet's Constitution of 1793; Danton associate; guillotined. | ||
| Lazare Hoche | Soldier rapidly promoted to General during early years of Revolution. | ||
| Pierre-Augustin Hulin | Ex-royal soldier and one of the first revolutionaries to enter the Bastille; later general under Bonaparte. | ||
I | |||
J | |||
| Jean-Baptiste Jourdan | General; victor at the battles of Wattignies and Fleurus. | ||
K | |||
| François Christophe Kellermann | Promoted to General early in the Revolution; Battle of Valmy hero; Marshal of France; army administrator during Empire years. | ||
| Jean-Baptiste Kléber | Revolutionary general; assassinated in 1800. | ||
L | |||
| Pierre Choderlos de Laclos | Bonapartist general; author of Les Liaisons dangereuses. | ||
| Marie Thérèse, princesse de Lamballe | Friend of Marie Antoinette; victim of the September Massacres. | ||
| Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette | General; constitutional monarchist. | ||
| Claire Lacombe | Feminist revolutionary, founder of the Society of Revolutionary Republican Women. | ||
| Alexandre-Théodore, comte de Lameth | Leading Feuillant; formed "Triumvirate" with Barnave and Duport; eventually emigrated. | ||
| Charles Malo François Lameth | Brother of Alexandre de Lameth; Feuillant; emigrated. | ||
| Jean Lannes | Soldier rising through ranks to become general; Marshal of France; close to Bonaparte. | ||
| Arnaud de Laporte | High royal government official, headed up antirevolutionary activities; second political victim of the guillotine. | ||
| Marquis de Launay | Royalist governor of the Bastille; killed after its storming. | ||
| Antoine Lavoisier | Scientist; metric pioneer; tax collector; guillotined. | ||
| Charles Leclerc | General; close to Bonaparte; served in Haiti. | ||
| Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas | Deputy to the National Convention from Pas-de-Calais; Robespierrist and close ally of Saint-Just; committed suicide at Robespierre's downfall. | ||
| Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau | Former noble; voted to execute Louis XVI; assassinated one day before the execution of Louis XVI. | ||
| Louis Legendre | Deputy for the Seine, present at various events. Eventual President of the Convention, member of the Council of Ancients and Council of Five Hundred. | ||
| Jacques-Donatien Le Ray | Promoted French support for the American Revolution. | ||
| Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet | Committee of Public Safety member; opposed Girondist faction. | ||
| Toussaint L'Ouverture | Commander of Haitian rebels fighting against French occupying forces; captured and imprisoned by Napoleon's government. | ||
| Louis XVI of France | French king at outbreak of Revolution; deposed; guillotined. | ||
| Louis XVII of France | The "Lost Dauphin" | ||
| Nicolas, Comte Luckner | German-born Marshal of France; commanded troops for the First Republic; guillotined during the Reign of Terror. | ||
M | |||
| Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes | Louis XVI's defense counsel at his trial, although not known as a royalist; guillotined. | ||
| Jean-Paul Marat | Radical journalist; Montagnard; assassinated by Charlotte Corday. | ||
| François-Séverin Marceau | Soldier who participated in the storming of the Bastille; later a general. | ||
| Marie Antoinette | Queen consort of France; deposed, guillotined. | ||
| André Masséna | General; victor at the Battle of Zürich. | ||
| Jean-Sifrein Maury | French cardinal; Archbishop of Paris; royalist. | ||
| Théroigne de Méricourt | Radical agitator, organizer. | ||
| Philippe-Antoine Merlin ("Merlin de Douai") | Director; later a Bonapartist. | ||
| Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau ("Mirabeau") | Represented the Third Estate in the Estates-General of 1789, despite being a noble; remained a major political figure throughout the rest of his life. | ||
| Antoine-François Momoro | Printer, publisher, and section leader; Hébertist; originator of the phrase Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité; guillotined. | ||
| Charles, baron de Montesquieu ("Montesquieu") | Enlightenment political philosopher; influenced Revolutionary thinking | ||
| Jean Victor Marie Moreau | General; victor at the Battle of Hohenlinden. | ||
| Gouverneur Morris | American minister to France; witness and diarist of the early Revolution, 1792–94. | ||
| Jean-François-Auguste Moulin | General; member of the Directory. | ||
| Jean Joseph Mounier | Monarchist deputy; president of the National Constituent Assembly, 1789. | ||
| Joachim Murat | Prominent cavalry general; became Napoleon's brother-in-law; later made King of Naples. | ||
N | |||
| Jacques Necker | Liberal royalist; Director-General of Finance whose dismissal precipitated the storming of the Bastille. | ||
O | |||
| Louis Philippe II, duc d'Orléans | First Prince of the Blood; supported the Revolution, taking the name Philippe Egalité; voted to execute his cousin the King; later guillotined on suspicion of plotting to become King. | ||
P | |||
| Thomas Paine | American revolutionary writer; moved to France during French Revolution but subsequently fell out of favor; arrested, imprisoned and sentenced to death during Reign of Terror, but survived. | ||
| Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve | Insurrectionary mayor of Paris; member of first Committee of Public Safety; associated with Girondists; committed suicide during Reign of Terror. | ||
| Pierre Philippeaux | Montagnard; Danton associate; guillotined. | ||
| Philippe Egalité | See Orléans, Louis Philippe II, duc d' above. | ||
| Charles Pichegru | General; member of the Council of Five Hundred; conspirator in the Coup of 18 Fructidor. | ||
| Claude Antoine, comte Prieur-Duvernois ("Prieur de la Côte-d'Or") | Engineer; Committee of Public Safety member; Carnot associate; turned against Robespierre on 9 Thermidor; Council of Five Hundred member during Directory. | ||
| Pierre Louis Prieur ("Crieur de la Marne") | National Constituent Assembly secretary; Committee of Public Safety member; exiled following Bourbon Restoration. | ||
| Louis, comte de Provence | Louis XVI's younger brother; emigrated 1791; declared himself Louis XVIII, King of France in 1795, but did not actually assume the throne until 1814. | ||
Q | |||
R | |||
| Jean-François Rewbell | Deputy; Feuillant; member of the Directory. | ||
| Maximilien Robespierre | Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; prominent during Reign of Terror; guillotined after 9 Thermidor. | ||
| Comte de Rochambeau | Senior general and former commander of French troops during the American Revolution, commander of the Armee du Nord for the Republic; imprisoned during the Reign of Terror but not executed. | ||
| Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière | Girondist; interior minister in 1792; committed suicide in 1793 following his wife's condemnation. | ||
| Madame Roland (Manon-Jeanne Roland, née Philpon) | Jean-Marie Roland's wife; author of influential Revolutionary writings under Roland's name; salonière; guillotined. | ||
| Gilbert Romme | Initially a Girondist politician, then Montagnard; designed French Republican Calendar; condemned after Girondists' return to power; committed suicide before execution. | ||
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | Enlightenment political philosopher; influenced Revolutionary thinking. | ||
| Jacques Roux | Hébertist leader of the Enragés faction; member of Paris Commune; arrested during Reign of Terror; committed suicide before trial. | ||
S | |||
| Marquis de Sade | Author of erotica and philosophy; imprisoned on charges of sodomy and poisoning at the outbreak of the Revolution; released 1790; elected to the National Convention; escaped execution during the Reign of Terror. | ||
| Jean Bon Saint-André | Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; later became a naval officer and administrator. | ||
| Louis Antoine de Saint-Just | Committee of Public Safety member; Montagnard; close associate of Robespierre; prominent in Reign of Terror; guillotined after 9 Thermidor. | ||
| Joseph Servan | General; Minister of War. | ||
| Abbé Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès | Although a cleric, entered the Estates-General of 1789 as a representative of the Third Estate; author of pamphlet What is the Third Estate?; instigated the 18 Brumaire coup, but outflanked by Bonaparte. | ||
| Madame de Staël | Daughter of Jacques Necker; salonière and writer; adopted moderate Revolutionary position; opposed Napoleon. | ||
T | |||
| Jean Lambert Tallien | Montagnard; later a leading Thermidorian. | ||
| Madame Tallien (Thérésa Tallien, née Teresa Cabarrús) | Her moderating influence on her husband Jean Lambert Tallien saved lives in the wake of 9 Thermidor, earning her the moniker Notre-Dame de Thermidor ("Our Lady of Thermidor"). | ||
| Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord ("Talleyrand") | Clergyman and diplomat; initially a royalist, then revolutionary; co-wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy; survived 9 Thermidor to become Foreign Minister under Directory, Bonaparte and the Bourbon Restoration. | ||
| Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target | Lawyer and politician; deputy of the Third Estate in the Estates-General of 1789; survived Reign of Terror to become Directory politician. | ||
| Jean Baptiste Treilhard | Deputy from Paris; held multiple high-ranking offices including Director. |
U | |
V | |||
| Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud | Girondist leader; guillotined. | ||
| Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac | Girondist, then Montagnard; Committee of Public Safety member; drew up 9 Thermidor report outlawing Robespierre; later a Bonapartist. | ||
| Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet) | Enlightenment author and philosopher whose writings influenced Revolutionary thinking. | ||
See also
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "List of people associated with the French Revolution" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
