Counterculture
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "As long as there has been [[culture]], there has been [[counterculture]]. At times it moves deep [[underground|below]] the surface of things, a [[stealth]] mode of being all but invisible to the [[hegemony|dominant paradigm]]; at other times it’s in plain sight, challenging the status quo; and at still other times it [[revolution|erupts]] in a fiery burst of creative–or destructive–energy to change the world forever." --''[[Counterculture Through the Ages]]'' (2004) by R. U. Sirius | ||
| + | <hr> | ||
| + | See also: ''[[blasphemy]], [[libertinism]], [[anticlericalism]], [[materialism]], [[heresy]], [[profanity]], [[atheism]], [[freethought]]'' | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | [[Image:Véritable portrait de Monsieur Ubu, par Alfred Jarry (1896).png|thumb|right|200px| | ||
| + | This page ''{{PAGENAME}}'' is part of the [[publication bias list of the Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia]], presented by [[Alfred Jarry]].]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Image:Index Librorum Prohibitorum.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The '''''Index Librorum Prohibitorum''''' ("[[banned books|List of Prohibited Books]]") is a list of publications which the [[Catholic|Catholic Church]] [[censorship|censored]] for being a [[danger]] to itself and the faith of its members. The various [[edition]]s also contain the rules of the [[Church]] relating to the reading, selling and censorship of books. The aim of the list was to prevent the reading of [[morality|immoral]] books or works containing [[theology|theological]] errors and to prevent the [[corruption]] of the faithful.]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | In [[sociology]], '''counterculture''' is a term used to describe a [[cultural group]] whose values and norms of behavior run counter to those of the [[social]] [[mainstream]] of the day, the cultural equivalent of [[political]] [[Opposition (politics)|opposition]]. Although distinct countercultural undercurrents exist in all societies, here the term '''counterculture''' refers to a more significant, visible phenomenon that reaches critical mass and persists for a period of time. A counterculture movement thus expresses the ethos, aspirations and dreams of a specific population during a certain period of time — a social manifestation of ''[[zeitgeist]]''. | ||
| - | In contemporary times, ''counterculture'' came to prominence in the news media as it was used to refer to the youth rebellion that swept [[North America]], [[Western Europe]], [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] during the [[1960]]s and early [[1970s]]. Earlier countercultural milieux in 19th century Europe included the traditions of [[Romanticism]], [[Bohemianism]] and of the [[Dandy]]. Another important movement existed in a more fragmentary form in the [[1950s]], both in Europe and the US, in the form of the [[Beat generation]] ([[Beatniks]]), who typically sported beards, wore roll-neck sweaters, read the novels of [[Albert Camus]] and listened to [[Jazz music]]. | + | A '''counterculture''' (also written '''counter-culture''') is a [[subculture]] whose values and norms of behavior deviate from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural [[mores]]. |
| - | ''Counterculture'' is generally used to describe a [[theological]], [[cultural]], attitudinal or material position that does not conform to accepted societal norms. Yet, counterculture movements are often co-opted to spearhead commercial campaigns. Thus once taboo ideas (men wearing a woman's color — pink, for example) sometimes become popular trends. | + | A countercultural movement expresses the ethos, aspirations, and dreams of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach [[critical mass (sociodynamics)|critical mass]], countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes. |
| - | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{PAGENAMEE}}] [Apr 2007] | + | |
| - | This is a '''[[list of counterculture films]]''' made in or about the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, emphasizing themes of nonconformity and going against the norm. | + | Prominent examples of countercultures in Europe and North America include [[Romanticism]] (1790-1840), [[Bohemianism]] (1850-1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the [[Beat Generation]] (1944-1964), the [[Hippie]] counterculture (1964-1974) |
| + | ==Etymology== | ||
| + | The term ''counterculture'' was first attested in the English language in 1968[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=counterculture]. | ||
| + | The term ''counterculture'' is attributed to [[Theodore Roszak (scholar)|Theodore Roszak]], author of ''[[The Making of a Counter Culture]]''. It became prominent in the news media amid the [[social revolution]] that swept [[North and South America]], [[Western Europe]], [[Japan]], [[Australia]], and [[New Zealand]] during the 1960s and early 1970s. | ||
| - | == 1940s == | + | == Chronology of counterculture == |
| - | === 1946 === | + | === Avant la lettre === |
| - | * ''[[The Killers (1946 film)|The Killers]]'' (1946) | + | |
| - | === 1949 === | + | [[Trial of Socrates]] - [[Galileo affair]] - [[heresy|medieval heretics]] - [[peasant revolts]] - [[libertine]] - [[enlightenment|enlightenment thinkers]] - [[French Revolution]] - [[anarchism]] - [[Bohemianism]] - [[Dandy]] - [[Marxism]] - [[modern art]] - [[avant-garde]] - [[Beat generation]] - [[Situationism|Situationism (Europe)]] - [[Provo|Provo (Netherlands)]] - [[May 1968|May 1968 (Paris)]] |
| - | * ''[[They Live by Night]] (1949) | + | === Apres la lettre === |
| + | *[[North American counterculture]] | ||
| + | *[[Counterculture of the 1960s]] | ||
| + | *[[sexual revolution]] | ||
| + | *[[hippie]]s | ||
| + | ==Books== | ||
| + | *''[[Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century ]]'' | ||
| + | *''[[Dialectic of Enlightenment]]'' | ||
| + | == See also == | ||
| + | *[[Anti-establishment]] | ||
| + | *[[Co-optation]] | ||
| + | *[[Counter-economics]] | ||
| + | *[[Counterculture of the 1960s]] | ||
| + | *[[Counterculture by region]] | ||
| + | *[[Exi (subculture)]] | ||
| + | *[[Guerrilla theatre]] | ||
| + | *[[Hipster (contemporary subculture)|Hipster]] | ||
| + | *[[History of subcultures in the 20th century]] | ||
| + | *[[La Movida Madrileña]] | ||
| + | *[[List of counterculture films]] | ||
| + | *[[Punk subculture]] | ||
| + | *[[Radicalization]] | ||
| + | *[[Subversive]] | ||
| + | *[[Subculture]] | ||
| + | *[[Underground (British subculture)]] | ||
| - | == 1950s == | + | {{GFDL}} |
| - | + | ||
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1953 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Wild One]]'' (1953) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1955 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Blackboard Jungle]]'' (1955) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Rebel Without a Cause]]'' (1955) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1958 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Look Back in Anger]]'' (1958) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1959 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[The 400 Blows]]'' (1959) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Pull My Daisy]]'' (1959) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Room at the Top (film)|Room at the Top]]'' (1959) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Shadows (film)|Shadows]]'' (1959) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | == 1960s == | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1960 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Breathless (1960 film)|Breathless]]'' (1960) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Entertainer (film)|The Entertainer]]'' (1960) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Hiroshima, Mon Amour]]'' (1960) | + | |
| - | * ''[[La Dolce Vita]]'' (1960) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Never on Sunday]]'' (1960) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Peeping Tom (film)|Peeping Tom]]'' (1960) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Savage Eye]]'' (1960) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (film)|Saturday Night and Sunday Morning]]'' (1960) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1961 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Breakfast at Tiffany's]]'' (1961) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Dog Star Man]]'' (1961-1964) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Last Year at Marienbad]]'' (1961) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Misfits (film)|The Misfits]]'' (1961) | + | |
| - | * ''[[A Taste of Honey (film)|A Taste of Honey]]'' (1961) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Victim (film)|Victim]]'' (1961) | + | |
| - | * ''[[West Side Story (film)|West Side Story]]'' (1961) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Whistle Down the Wind (film)|Whistle Down the Wind]]'' (1961) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1962 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[A Kind of Loving (film)|A Kind of Loving]]'' (1962) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Knife in the Water (film)|Knife in the Water]]'' (1962) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Leather Boys]]'' (1962) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner]]'' (1962) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1963 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[8 1/2]]'' (1963) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Billy Liar (film)|Billy Liar]]'' (1963) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Contempt (film)|Contempt]]'' (1963) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Flaming Creatures]]'' (1963) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Scorpio Rising]]'' (1963) | + | |
| - | * ''[[This Sporting Life]]'' (1963) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Tom Jones (film)|Tom Jones]]'' (1963) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1964 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Bande à part]]'' (1964) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Dr. Strangelove]]'' (1964) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Girl with Green Eyes]]'' (1964) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Guns of the Trees]]'' (1964) | + | |
| - | * ''[[A Hard Day's Night (film)|A Hard Day's Night]]'' (1964) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Zorba the Greek]]'' (1964) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1965 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Darling (film)|Darling]]'' (1965) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Faster, Pussycat! Kill! Kill!]]'' (1965) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Help! (film)|Help!]]'' (1965) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Knack...And How to Get It]]'' (1965) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Once a Thief]]'' (1965) | + | |
| - | * ''[[A Thousand Clowns]]'' (1965) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The War Game]]'' (1965) | + | |
| - | * ''[[What's New, Pussycat?]]'' (1965) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1966 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Alfie]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Any Wednesday]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Blowup]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Chappaqua (film)|Chappaqua]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Chelsea Girls]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Endless Summer]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Georgy Girl]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Hallucination Generation]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Lord Love a Duck]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Masculin, féminin]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Morgan!]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Swinger]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Trap (film)|The Trap]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Wild Angels]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | * ''[[You're a Big Boy Now]]'' (1966) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1967 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Accident (film)|Accident]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Barefoot in the Park (film)|Barefoot in the Park]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Bonnie and Clyde (film)|Bonnie and Clyde]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Graduate]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Guess Who's Coming to Dinner]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[How I Won the War]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[I Am Curious (Yellow)]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[I Am Curious (Blue)]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Magical Mystery Tour (film)|Magical Mystery Tour]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Message for Posterity]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Smashing Time]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[To Sir, With Love]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Trip (1967 film)|The Trip]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Two or Three Things I Know About Her]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Valley of the Dolls]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Week End]]'' (1967) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1968 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Barbarella (film)|Barbarella]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Candy (1968 film)|Candy]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Faces (film)|Faces]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Flesh (film)|Flesh]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Greetings (film)|Greetings]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Head (film)|Head]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[I Love You, Alice B. Toklas]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[If... (film)|If...]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Maryjane (film)|Maryjane]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Party (film)|The Party]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Petulia]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Pretty Poison (film)|Pretty Poison]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Psych-Out]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Revolution (film)|Revolution]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Skidoo (film)|Skidoo]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Three in the Attic]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Wild in the Streets]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Who's That Knocking at My Door?]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Wonderwall (film)|Wonderwall]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Yellow Submarine (film)|Yellow Submarine]]'' (1968) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1969 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Alice's Restaurant]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Cactus Flower]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Easy Rider]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Gay Deceivers]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Goodbye, Columbus]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Italian Job]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Magic Christian (film)|The Magic Christian]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Medium Cool]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Midnight Cowboy]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[More (film)|More]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Putney Swope]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Sweet Charity (film)|Sweet Charity]]'' (1969) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | == 1970s == | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1970 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Beyond the Valley of the Dolls]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Brewster McCloud]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Catch-22 (film)|Catch-22]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[El Topo]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Five Easy Pieces]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Getting Straight]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Hi, Mom!]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Honeymoon Killers]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Husbands (film)|Husbands]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Landlord]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[MASH (film)|M*A*S*H]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The People Next Door]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Performance (film)|Performance]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Punishment Park]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Revolutionary]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Strawberry Statement (film)|The Strawberry Statement]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Watermelon Man (film)|Watermelon Man]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Woodstock (film)|Woodstock]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Zabriskie Point (film)|Zabriskie Point]]'' (1970) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1971 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[A Clockwork Orange (film)|A Clockwork Orange]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Billy Jack]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Drive, He Said]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Gas-s-s-s]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Harold and Maude]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[McCabe & Mrs. Miller]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Minnie and Moskowitz]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Pink Narcissus]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[A Safe Place]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Shaft (1971 film)|Shaft]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song]] (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Last Movie]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[THX 1138]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Two-Lane Blacktop]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Vanishing Point]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | * ''[[W.R.: Mysteries of the Organism]]'' (1971) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1972 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Butterflies Are Free]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Cabaret (film)|Cabaret]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Cisco Pike]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[F.T.A.]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Final Comedown]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Fritz the Cat (film)|Fritz the Cat ]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Last Tango in Paris]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Pink Flamingos]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Portnoy's Complaint (film)|Portnoy's Complaint]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Ruling Class]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Silent Running]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Steelyard Blues]]'' (1972) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1973 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[American Graffiti]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Electra Glide in Blue]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Final Programme]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Flesh for Frankenstein]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Godspell (film)|Godspell]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Harrad Experiment]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Holy Mountain (film)|The Holy Mountain]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Jesus Christ Superstar (film)|Jesus Christ Superstar]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[La Maman et la Putain]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Serpico]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Themroc]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Wicker Man]]'' (1973) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1974 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore]]'' (1974) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Dirty Duck (film)|Dirty Duck]]'' (1974) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Lenny (film)|Lenny]]'' (1974) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Nine Lives of Fritz the Cat]]'' (1974) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Steppenwolf (film)|Steppenwolf]] (1974) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Sweet Movie]]'' (1974) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Trial of Billy Jack]]'' (1974) | + | |
| - | * ''[[A Woman Under the Influence]]'' (1974) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Zardoz]]'' (1974) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1975 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Dog Day Afternoon]]'' (1975) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Nashville (film)|Nashville]]'' (1975) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Lisztomania]]'' (1975) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Rocky Horror Picture Show]]'' (1975) | + | |
| - | * ''[[That's the Way of the World (film)|That's the Way of the World]]'' (1975) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Tommy (film)|Tommy]]'' (1975) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1976 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Helter Skelter (film)|Helter Skelter]]'' (1976) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Killing of a Chinese Bookie]]'' (1976) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Man Who Fell to Earth (film)|The Man Who Fell to Earth]]'' (1976) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma]]'' (1976) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1977 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Looking for Mr. Goodbar]]'' (1977) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Opening Night]]'' (1977) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1978 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Coming Home]]'' (1978) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Deer Hunter]]'' (1978) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Last Waltz]]'' (1978) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Up in Smoke]]'' (1978) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1979 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Apocalypse Now]]'' (1979) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The China Syndrome]]'' (1979) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Hair (film)|Hair]]'' (1979) | + | |
| - | * ''[[More American Graffiti]]'' (1979) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Over the Edge (film)|Over the Edge]]'' (1979) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Quadrophenia (film)|Quadrophenia]]'' (1979) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Rose (film)|The Rose]]'' (1979) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | == 1980s == | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1980 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Gloria (film)|Gloria]] (1980) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Out of the Blue (1980 film)|Out of the Blue]]'' (1980) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1981 === | + | |
| - | *''[[Shock Treatment]] (1981) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1984 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Repo Man]]'' (1984) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Suburbia (film)|Suburbia]]'' (1984) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1985 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[My Beautiful Laundrette]]'' (1985) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1986 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Sid and Nancy]]'' (1986) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1987 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Prick Up Your Ears]]'' (1987) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | == 1990s == | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1992 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Living End (film)|The Living End]]'' (1992) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1993 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Dazed and Confused (film)|Dazed and Confused]]'' (1993) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Totally Fucked Up]]'' (1993) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1994 === | + | |
| - | * '' [[Go Fish]]'' (1994) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1995 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Doom Generation]]'' (1995) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Stonewall (film)|Stonewall]]'' (1995) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1996 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Camping Cosmos]]'' (1996) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Trainspotting]]'' (1996) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1997 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Nowhere (film)|Nowhere]]'' (1997) | + | |
| - | === 1998 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Big Lebowski]]'' (1998) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas (film)|Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas]]'' (1998) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 1999 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Fight Club (film)|Fight Club]]'' (1999) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Splendor]]'' (1999) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | == 2000s == | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 2000 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Snatch (film)|Snatch]]'' (2000) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Requiem for a Dream]]'' (2000) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 2001 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Waking Life]]'' (2001) | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Royal Tenenbaums]]'' (2001) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 2003 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[The Dreamers (film)|The Dreamers]]'' (2003) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 2005 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Mysterious Skin]]'' (2005) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Rent]]'' (2005) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 2006 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Brothers of the Head]]'' (2006) | + | |
| - | * ''[[V for Vendetta (film)|V for Vendetta]]'' (2006) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Borat: Cultural Learnings of America for Make Benefit Glorious Nation of Kazakhstan]]'' (2006) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | === 2007 === | + | |
| - | * ''[[Neal Cassady (film)|Neal Cassady]]'' (2007) | + | |
| - | * ''[[Grindhouse (film)|Grindhouse]]'' (2007) | + | |
| - | + | ||
| - | == See also == | + | |
| - | * [[Cult classic]] | + | |
| - | * [[New Hollywood]] | + | |
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"As long as there has been culture, there has been counterculture. At times it moves deep below the surface of things, a stealth mode of being all but invisible to the dominant paradigm; at other times it’s in plain sight, challenging the status quo; and at still other times it erupts in a fiery burst of creative–or destructive–energy to change the world forever." --Counterculture Through the Ages (2004) by R. U. Sirius See also: blasphemy, libertinism, anticlericalism, materialism, heresy, profanity, atheism, freethought |
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A counterculture (also written counter-culture) is a subculture whose values and norms of behavior deviate from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores.
A countercultural movement expresses the ethos, aspirations, and dreams of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes.
Prominent examples of countercultures in Europe and North America include Romanticism (1790-1840), Bohemianism (1850-1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944-1964), the Hippie counterculture (1964-1974)
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Etymology
The term counterculture was first attested in the English language in 1968[1]. The term counterculture is attributed to Theodore Roszak, author of The Making of a Counter Culture. It became prominent in the news media amid the social revolution that swept North and South America, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand during the 1960s and early 1970s.
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Chronology of counterculture
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Avant la lettre
Trial of Socrates - Galileo affair - medieval heretics - peasant revolts - libertine - enlightenment thinkers - French Revolution - anarchism - Bohemianism - Dandy - Marxism - modern art - avant-garde - Beat generation - Situationism (Europe) - Provo (Netherlands) - May 1968 (Paris)
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Apres la lettre
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Books
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See also
- Anti-establishment
- Co-optation
- Counter-economics
- Counterculture of the 1960s
- Counterculture by region
- Exi (subculture)
- Guerrilla theatre
- Hipster
- History of subcultures in the 20th century
- La Movida Madrileña
- List of counterculture films
- Punk subculture
- Radicalization
- Subversive
- Subculture
- Underground (British subculture)
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "Counterculture" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
