Counterculture
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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+ | "As long as there has been [[culture]], there has been [[counterculture]]. At times it moves deep [[underground|below]] the surface of things, a [[stealth]] mode of being all but invisible to the [[hegemony|dominant paradigm]]; at other times it’s in plain sight, challenging the status quo; and at still other times it [[revolution|erupts]] in a fiery burst of creative–or destructive–energy to change the world forever." --''[[Counterculture Through the Ages]]'' (2004) by R. U. Sirius | ||
+ | <hr> | ||
+ | See also: ''[[blasphemy]], [[libertinism]], [[anticlericalism]], [[materialism]], [[heresy]], [[profanity]], [[atheism]], [[freethought]]'' | ||
+ | |} | ||
+ | [[Image:Véritable portrait de Monsieur Ubu, par Alfred Jarry (1896).png|thumb|right|200px| | ||
+ | This page ''{{PAGENAME}}'' is part of the [[publication bias list of the Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia]], presented by [[Alfred Jarry]].]] | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Image:Index Librorum Prohibitorum.jpg|thumb|200px|right|The '''''Index Librorum Prohibitorum''''' ("[[banned books|List of Prohibited Books]]") is a list of publications which the [[Catholic|Catholic Church]] [[censorship|censored]] for being a [[danger]] to itself and the faith of its members. The various [[edition]]s also contain the rules of the [[Church]] relating to the reading, selling and censorship of books. The aim of the list was to prevent the reading of [[morality|immoral]] books or works containing [[theology|theological]] errors and to prevent the [[corruption]] of the faithful.]] | ||
{{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
- | :As long as there has been [[culture]], there has been counterculture. At times it moves deep below the surface of things, a stealth mode of being all but invisible to the dominant paradigm; at other times it’s in plain sight, challenging the status quo; and at still other times it erupts in a fiery burst of creative–or destructive–energy to change the world forever. --via ''Counterculture Through the Ages'' (2004) | ||
- | In [[sociology]], '''counterculture''' is a term used to describe a [[cultural group]] whose values and norms of behavior run counter to those of the [[social]] [[mainstream]] of the day, the cultural equivalent of [[political]] [[Opposition (politics)|opposition]]. Although distinct countercultural undercurrents exist in all societies, here the term '''counterculture''' refers to a more significant, visible phenomenon that reaches [[critical mass]] and persists for a period of time. A counterculture movement thus expresses the ethos, aspirations and dreams of a specific population during a certain period of time — a social manifestation of ''[[zeitgeist]]''. | + | A '''counterculture''' (also written '''counter-culture''') is a [[subculture]] whose values and norms of behavior deviate from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural [[mores]]. |
- | In contemporary times, ''counterculture'' came to prominence in the news media as it was used to refer to the [[youth rebellion]] that swept [[American counterculture|North America]], [[European counterculture|Western Europe]], [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]] during the [[1960s]] and early [[1970s]]. The term ''counterculture'' was first attested in the English language in 1970[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=counter-culture]. Earlier countercultural milieux in 19th century Europe included the traditions of [[Romanticism]], [[Bohemianism]] and of the [[Dandy]]. Another important movement existed in a more fragmentary form in the [[1950s]], both in Europe and the US, in the form of the [[Beat generation]] ([[Beatniks]]), who typically sported beards, wore roll-neck sweaters, read the novels of [[Albert Camus]] and listened to [[Jazz music]]. | + | A countercultural movement expresses the ethos, aspirations, and dreams of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach [[critical mass (sociodynamics)|critical mass]], countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes. |
- | ''Counterculture'' is generally used to describe a [[theological]], [[cultural]], attitudinal or material position that does not conform to accepted societal norms. Yet, counterculture movements are often co-opted to spearhead commercial campaigns. Thus once taboo ideas (men wearing a woman's color — pink, for example) sometimes become popular trends. | + | Prominent examples of countercultures in Europe and North America include [[Romanticism]] (1790-1840), [[Bohemianism]] (1850-1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the [[Beat Generation]] (1944-1964), the [[Hippie]] counterculture (1964-1974) |
+ | ==Etymology== | ||
+ | The term ''counterculture'' was first attested in the English language in 1968[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=counterculture]. | ||
+ | The term ''counterculture'' is attributed to [[Theodore Roszak (scholar)|Theodore Roszak]], author of ''[[The Making of a Counter Culture]]''. It became prominent in the news media amid the [[social revolution]] that swept [[North and South America]], [[Western Europe]], [[Japan]], [[Australia]], and [[New Zealand]] during the 1960s and early 1970s. | ||
- | == Chronology of countercultures == | + | == Chronology of counterculture == |
- | [[Aristotle]] - [[Galileo Galilei]] - [[heresy|medieval heretics]] - [[libertine]] - [[enlightenment|enlightenment thinkers]] - [[French Revolution]] - [[anarchism]] - [[Bohemianism]] - [[Dandy]] - [[Marxism]] - [[modern art]] - [[avant-garde]] - [[Beat generation]] - [[Situationism|Situationism (Europe)]] - [[Provo|Provo (Netherlands)]] - [[May 1968|May 1968 (Paris)]] - [[sexual revolution]] - [[hippy]] | + | |
+ | === Avant la lettre === | ||
+ | |||
+ | [[Trial of Socrates]] - [[Galileo affair]] - [[heresy|medieval heretics]] - [[peasant revolts]] - [[libertine]] - [[enlightenment|enlightenment thinkers]] - [[French Revolution]] - [[anarchism]] - [[Bohemianism]] - [[Dandy]] - [[Marxism]] - [[modern art]] - [[avant-garde]] - [[Beat generation]] - [[Situationism|Situationism (Europe)]] - [[Provo|Provo (Netherlands)]] - [[May 1968|May 1968 (Paris)]] | ||
+ | === Apres la lettre === | ||
+ | *[[North American counterculture]] | ||
+ | *[[Counterculture of the 1960s]] | ||
+ | *[[sexual revolution]] | ||
+ | *[[hippie]]s | ||
+ | ==Books== | ||
+ | *''[[Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century ]]'' | ||
+ | *''[[Dialectic of Enlightenment]]'' | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
- | *[[Subversive]] | ||
*[[Anti-establishment]] | *[[Anti-establishment]] | ||
- | *[[Subculture]] | + | *[[Co-optation]] |
- | *[[list of counterculture films]] | + | *[[Counter-economics]] |
- | *[[Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century ]] | + | |
*[[Counterculture of the 1960s]] | *[[Counterculture of the 1960s]] | ||
+ | *[[Counterculture by region]] | ||
+ | *[[Exi (subculture)]] | ||
+ | *[[Guerrilla theatre]] | ||
+ | *[[Hipster (contemporary subculture)|Hipster]] | ||
*[[History of subcultures in the 20th century]] | *[[History of subcultures in the 20th century]] | ||
- | + | *[[La Movida Madrileña]] | |
- | == By region == | + | *[[List of counterculture films]] |
- | + | *[[Punk subculture]] | |
- | === USA === | + | *[[Radicalization]] |
- | + | *[[Subversive]] | |
- | *[[American counterculture]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22American+counterculture%22&meta= "American counterculture"] | + | *[[Subculture]] |
- | **[[American avant-garde]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22American+avant-garde%22&meta= "American avant-garde"] | + | *[[Underground (British subculture)]] |
- | **[[American underground]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22American+underground%22&meta= "American underground"] | + | |
- | === Europe === | + | |
- | *[[European counterculture]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22European+counterculture%22&meta= "European counterculture"] | + | |
- | **[[European avant-garde]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22European+avant-garde%22&meta= "European avant-garde"] | + | |
- | **[[European underground]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22European+underground%22&meta= "European underground"] | + | |
- | === Belgium=== | + | |
- | *[[Belgian counterculture]] [http://www.google.com/search?hl=nl&q=%22Belgian+counterculture%22&meta= "Belgian counterculture"] | + | |
- | **[[Belgian avant-garde]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22Belgian+avant-garde%22&meta= "Belgian avant-garde"] | + | |
- | **[[Belgian underground]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22Belgian+underground%22&meta= "Belgian underground"] | + | |
- | === France=== | + | |
- | *[[French counterculture]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22french+counterculture%22&meta= "french counterculture"] | + | |
- | **[[French avant-garde]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22French+avant-garde%22&meta= "French avant-garde"] | + | |
- | **[[French underground]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22French+underground%22&meta= "French underground"] | + | |
- | === Italy === | + | |
- | *[[Italian counterculture]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22italian+counterculture%22&meta= "Italian counterculture"] | + | |
- | === Germany === | + | |
- | *[[German counterculture]] [http://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=%22German+counterculture%22&meta= "German counterculture"] | + | |
- | **[[German avant-garde]] [http://www.google.com/search?hl=nl&q=%22German+avant-garde%22&meta= "German avant-garde"] | + | |
- | **[[German underground]] [http://www.google.com/search?hl=nl&q=%22German+underground%22&meta= "German underground"] | + | |
- | + | ||
- | === The Netherlands === | + | |
- | *[[Dutch counterculture]] [http://www.google.com/search?hl=nl&q=%22Dutch+counterculture%22&meta= "Dutch counterculture"] | + | |
- | **[[Dutch avant-garde]] [http://www.google.com/search?hl=nl&q=%22Dutch+avant-garde%22&meta= "Dutch avant-garde"] | + | |
- | **[[Dutch underground]] [http://www.google.com/search?hl=nl&q=%22Dutch+underground%22&meta= "Dutch underground"] | + | |
{{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} |
Current revision
"As long as there has been culture, there has been counterculture. At times it moves deep below the surface of things, a stealth mode of being all but invisible to the dominant paradigm; at other times it’s in plain sight, challenging the status quo; and at still other times it erupts in a fiery burst of creative–or destructive–energy to change the world forever." --Counterculture Through the Ages (2004) by R. U. Sirius See also: blasphemy, libertinism, anticlericalism, materialism, heresy, profanity, atheism, freethought |
![This page Counterculture is part of the publication bias list of the Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia, presented by Alfred Jarry.](/images/thumb/200px-Véritable_portrait_de_Monsieur_Ubu,_par_Alfred_Jarry_(1896).png)
![The Index Librorum Prohibitorum ("List of Prohibited Books") is a list of publications which the Catholic Church censored for being a danger to itself and the faith of its members. The various editions also contain the rules of the Church relating to the reading, selling and censorship of books. The aim of the list was to prevent the reading of immoral books or works containing theological errors and to prevent the corruption of the faithful.](/images/thumb/200px-Index_Librorum_Prohibitorum.jpg)
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Featured: |
A counterculture (also written counter-culture) is a subculture whose values and norms of behavior deviate from those of mainstream society, often in opposition to mainstream cultural mores.
A countercultural movement expresses the ethos, aspirations, and dreams of a specific population during a well-defined era. When oppositional forces reach critical mass, countercultures can trigger dramatic cultural changes.
Prominent examples of countercultures in Europe and North America include Romanticism (1790-1840), Bohemianism (1850-1910), the more fragmentary counterculture of the Beat Generation (1944-1964), the Hippie counterculture (1964-1974)
Contents |
Etymology
The term counterculture was first attested in the English language in 1968[1]. The term counterculture is attributed to Theodore Roszak, author of The Making of a Counter Culture. It became prominent in the news media amid the social revolution that swept North and South America, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand during the 1960s and early 1970s.
Chronology of counterculture
Avant la lettre
Trial of Socrates - Galileo affair - medieval heretics - peasant revolts - libertine - enlightenment thinkers - French Revolution - anarchism - Bohemianism - Dandy - Marxism - modern art - avant-garde - Beat generation - Situationism (Europe) - Provo (Netherlands) - May 1968 (Paris)
Apres la lettre
Books
See also
- Anti-establishment
- Co-optation
- Counter-economics
- Counterculture of the 1960s
- Counterculture by region
- Exi (subculture)
- Guerrilla theatre
- Hipster
- History of subcultures in the 20th century
- La Movida Madrileña
- List of counterculture films
- Punk subculture
- Radicalization
- Subversive
- Subculture
- Underground (British subculture)