April 4  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
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-*[[1581]] - [[Francis Drake]] completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]]. 
-* [[1655]] - The miraculous statue entitled the [[Infant of Prague]] is solemnly crowned by command of Cardinal Harrach. 
-*[[1660]] - [[Declaration of Breda]] by King [[Charles II of England]]. 
-*[[1721]] - Sir [[Robert Walpole]] enters office as the first [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom]] under [[George I of Great Britain|King George I]]. 
-*[[1812]] - U.S. President [[James Madison]] enacted a ninety-day [[embargo]] on trade with the [[United Kingdom]]. 
-*[[1814]] - [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]] abdicates for the first time.  
-*[[1818]] - The [[United States Congress]] adopts the [[flag of the United States]] with 13 red and white stripes and one star for each state (then 20).  
-*[[1841]] - [[William Henry Harrison]] dies of [[pneumonia]] becoming the first [[President of the United States]] to die in office and the one with the shortest term served.  
-*[[1850]] - The Great Fire of [[Cottenham]], a large part of the [[Cambridgeshire]] [[village]] ([[England]]) is burnt to the ground under suspicious circumstances.  
-* 1850 - [[Los Angeles, California]] is incorporated as a city. 
*[[1859]] - [[Bryant's Minstrels]] debut "[[Dixie (song)|Dixie]]" in [[New York City]] in the finale of a [[blackface]] [[minstrel show]]. *[[1859]] - [[Bryant's Minstrels]] debut "[[Dixie (song)|Dixie]]" in [[New York City]] in the finale of a [[blackface]] [[minstrel show]].
-*[[1865]] - [[American Civil War]]: A day after [[United States|Union]] forces capture [[Richmond, Virginia]], U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] visits the [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] capital. 
-*[[1866]] - [[Alexander II of Russia]] narrowly escapes an assassination attempt in the city of Kiev.  
-*[[1887]] - [[Argonia, Kansas]] elects [[Susanna M. Salter]] as the first female mayor in the [[United States]]. 
-*[[1905]] - In [[India]], an [[earthquake]] near [[Kangra]] kills 20,000.  
-*[[1913]] - The Greek aviator Emmanuel Argyropoulos becomes the first pilot victim of the [[Hellenic Air Force]] when his plane crashes. 
-*[[1918]] - [[World War I]]: [[Second Battle of the Somme]] ends.  
-*[[1930]] - The [[Communist Party of Panama]] is founded. 
-*[[1939]] - [[Faisal II of Iraq|Faisal II]] becomes King of [[Iraq]].  
-*[[1945]] - [[World War II]]: American troops liberate [[Ohrdruf forced labor camp]] in [[Germany]].  
-* 1945 - World War II: Soviet Army takes control of [[Hungary]]. 
-*[[1949]] - Twelve nations sign the [[North Atlantic Treaty]] creating the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organisation]].  
-*[[1960]] - [[Senegal]] independence day. 
-*[[1964]] - [[The Beatles]] occupy the top five positions on the [[Billboard Hot 100]] pop chart. 
-*[[1965]] - The first model of the new [[Saab Viggen]] [[fighter aircraft]] plane is unveiled. 
*[[1967]] - [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] delivers his "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" speech in [[New York City]]'s [[Riverside Church]]. *[[1967]] - [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] delivers his "Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence" speech in [[New York City]]'s [[Riverside Church]].
*[[1968]] - [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] is assassinated by [[James Earl Ray]] at a motel in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Tennessee]]. *[[1968]] - [[Martin Luther King, Jr.]] is assassinated by [[James Earl Ray]] at a motel in [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]], [[Tennessee]].
-* 1968 - [[Apollo program]]: [[NASA]] launches [[Apollo 6]]. 
-* 1968 - [[AEK Athens BC]] becomes the first Greek team to win the European Basketball Cup. 
-*[[1969]] - Dr. [[Denton Cooley]] implants the first temporary [[artificial heart]]. 
*[[1973]] - The [[World Trade Center]] in [[New York City|New York]] is officially dedicated. *[[1973]] - The [[World Trade Center]] in [[New York City|New York]] is officially dedicated.
-*[[1975]] - [[Microsoft]] is founded as a partnership between [[Bill Gates]] and [[Paul Allen]]. 
-* 1975 - [[Vietnam War]]: [[Operation Baby Lift]] - A [[United States Air Force]] [[C-5 Galaxy|C-5A Galaxy]] crashes near [[Saigon]], [[South Vietnam]] shortly after takeoff, transporting orphans - 172 die. 
-*[[1976]] - Prince [[Norodom Sihanouk]] resigns as leader of [[Cambodia]] and is placed under house arrest.  
-*[[1979]] - President [[Zulfikar Ali Bhutto]] of [[Pakistan]] is executed. 
-*[[1983]] - Space Shuttle ''[[Space Shuttle Challenger|Challenger]]'' makes its maiden voyage into space ([[STS-6]]).  
-*[[1984]] - President [[Ronald Reagan]] calls for an international ban on [[chemical weapon]]s.  
-*[[1988]] - [[List of Governors of Arizona|Governor]] [[Evan Mecham]] of [[Arizona]] is convicted in his [[impeachment]] trial and removed from office. 
-*[[1991]] - Senator [[John Heinz]] of [[Pennsylvania]] and six others are killed when a helicopter collides with their plane over an elementary school in [[Merion, Pennsylvania]]. 
-*[[1994]] - [[Marc Andreessen]] and [[James H. Clark|Jim Clark]] found [[Netscape Communications Corporation]] under the name "Mosaic Communications Corporation". 
-*[[1996]] - [[Comet Hyakutake]] was imaged by the USA Asteroid Orbiter [[Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous]]. 
-*[[1999]] - Against the plea of Pope John Paul II, NATO planes continued to bomb the former Yugoslavia on Easter Sunday. 
-*[[2002]] - The [[Angola]]n government and [[UNITA]] rebels sign a peace treaty ending the [[Angolan Civil War]]. 
-*[[2007]] - 15 British Royal Navy personnel [[2007 Iranian seizure of Royal Navy personnel|held in Iran]] are released by the Iranian President. 
==Births== ==Births==

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Bob Clark The International Situationist : 1957 – 1972 Arthur Russell Remy de Gourmont Marguerite Duras Christian Heinrich Spiess Rachilde Comte de Lautréamont Festival of Free Expression Éric Rohmer Carlo Gozzi Gisela von Arnim Richard Euringer Martin Luther King, Jr. Élie Faure Antoine Galland Daniel Cohn-Bendit Pierre Paul Prud'hon Emmett Williams Anthony Perkins L'Assiette au Beurre Aki Kaurismäki Elmer Bernstein Muddy Waters Maurice de Vlaminck Edward Hicks List of Belgian painters Bettina von Arnim Constantin Meunier David Teniers III Hugh Masekela

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