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A constitution is a system, often codified as a written document, that establishes the rules and principles that govern an organization or political entity. In the case of countries, this term refers specifically to a national constitution defining the fundamental political principles, and establishing the structure, procedures, powers and duties, of a government. Most national constitutions also guarantee certain rights to the people. Historically, before the evolution of modern-style, codified national constitutions, the term constitution could be applied to any important law that governed the functioning of a government.

Constitutions are found in many organizations. They are found extensively in government, at supranational (e.g. European Union), national (e.g. United States Constitution), and sub-national or provincial (e.g. Constitution of Maryland) levels. They are found in many political groups, such as political parties, pressure groups, and trade unions. Non-political entities may also have constitutions, for example, companies and voluntary organizations.