Candaulism  

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-{{Template}}'''Candaulism''' is a fantasy, in which the husband exposes his wife, or pictures of her, to other [[voyeurism|voyeurist]] people for pleasure; hence the term candaulism which derives its name (proposed by [[Gugitz]]) from ancient King [[Candaules]] who made a plot to show his unaware naked wife to his servant [[Gyges of Lydia]]. Discovering Gyges while he was watching her naked, Candaules' wife ordered him to choose between killing himself or killing her husband in order to repair the vicious mischief. This 'incident' was featured in [[Herodotus]]'s ''[[Histories]]'' [[André Gide]] ''[[Le Roi Candaule]]''.+{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
 +| style="text-align: left;" |
 +"It appears you don't [[believe]] me when I tell you how lovely my wife is. A man always [[believes his eyes better than his ears]]; so do as I tell you - contrive to see her [[naked]]."--[[Candaules]] cited in ''The Histories''
 +|}
 +{{Template}}
 +'''Candaulism''' is a fantasy, in which the husband exposes his wife, or pictures of her, to other [[voyeurism|voyeurist]] people for pleasure; hence the term candaulism which derives its name (proposed by [[Gugitz]]) from ancient King [[Candaules]] who made a plot to show his unaware naked wife to his servant [[Gyges of Lydia]]. Discovering Gyges while he was watching her naked, Candaules' wife ordered him to choose between killing himself or killing her husband in order to repair the vicious mischief. This 'incident' was featured in [[Herodotus]]'s ''[[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]]'' and in [[André Gide]]'s ''[[Le Roi Candaule]]''.
Sometimes this behavior is taken to the extreme point, allowing complete sexual relations, a practice defined by many English speaking people in the [[swinging]] subculture as [[cuckold]]ry. In certain cases the relation evolves into a stable union of three persons that is known as [[triolism]]. Sometimes this behavior is taken to the extreme point, allowing complete sexual relations, a practice defined by many English speaking people in the [[swinging]] subculture as [[cuckold]]ry. In certain cases the relation evolves into a stable union of three persons that is known as [[triolism]].
-===Filmography===+==Candaulists in history==
 +This is a list of seduced, sexually [[unfaithful wife|unfaithful wives]], happily married for many years to famous consenting men (who deliberately ignored, tolerated, approved, encouraged, or even induced the non innocent nude exposition or promiscuous sexual behavior of their spouses, all facts fully proven, and widely known to the public). These persons/characters must have a relevance in arts, history, literature, science, cinema or cartoons, not belong to the world of pornography, and have stable relationships extending over many years.
 + 
 +* Queen [[Catherine II of Russia]], wife of [[Peter III of Russia]] (history)
 +* [[Clodia]], wife of the Roman citizen [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Celer]] (history)
 +* [[Faustina the Younger]], wife of the Roman emperor [[Marcus Aurelius]], mother of emperor M.A. [[Commodus]] Antoninus, said to be a son of a [[gladiator]] (history)
 +* [[La fornarina]], lover of the Italian painter [[Raffaello]] da [[Urbino]] (arts)
 +* [[Gala Dalí]], wife of Catalan painter [[Salvador Dalí]] (arts)
 +* Queen [[Guinevere]], wife of mythic British [[King Arthur]]; her lover was Arthur's champion, Sir [[Lancelot]] (literature, myth)
 +* [[Clara Bracken McMillen]], wife of American [[sexologist]] [[Alfred Kinsey]] (science)
 +* Valeria [[Messalina]], wife of Roman emperor [[Claudius]] (history)
 +* [[Marina Ripa di Meana|Marina Punturieri]] former wife of Marchioness [[Lante della Rovere]]
 +* [[Marta Marzotto]], wife of Italian count [[Marzotto]], lover of painter [[Renato Guttuso]] (arts)
 +* [[Madame de Pompadour]], wife of the French citizen [[Charles-Guilaume Le Normant]] (history)
 +* Donna [[Olimpia Maidalchina]], wife of [[Panfilio Pamphili]], brother of Catholic [[Pope Innocent X]] (history)
 +* Queen [[Marguerite de Valois]] married with King [[Henry IV of France]] (history)
 +* [[Emma, Lady Hamilton]], wife of [[Sir William Hamilton]].
 +* [[Wallis Simpson]], wife of [[Edward VIII of the United Kingdom]] (history)
 + 
 +==Filmography==
 +* ''[[Gilda]]'' (1946, by [[Charles Vidor]]), with [[Rita Hayworth]] and [[Glenn Ford]]. '' In a carnival party, Gilda gives her lover a bill asking him "why are you Cuckolding me ?" ''.
* ''[[Jules et Jim]]'' (1962, by [[François Truffaut]]) with [[Jeanne Moreau]], [[Oscar Werner]] and [[Henri Serre]] * ''[[Jules et Jim]]'' (1962, by [[François Truffaut]]) with [[Jeanne Moreau]], [[Oscar Werner]] and [[Henri Serre]]
-* ''[[Knife in the Water (film)|Knife in the Water]] (Nóż w wodzie))'' (1962, by [[Roman Polanski]]) with [[Leon Niemczyk]], [[Jolanta Umecka]], [[Zygmunt Malanowicz]].+* ''[[Knife in the Water (film)|Knife in the Water]] (Nóż w wodzie)'' (1962, by [[Roman Polanski]]) with [[Leon Niemczyk]], [[Jolanta Umecka]], [[Zygmunt Malanowicz]].
 +* ''[[Irma la Douce]]'' (1963, by [[Billy Wilder]]), with [[Jack Lemmon]], [[Shirley MacLaine]], [[Lou Jacobi]].
* ''[[Belle de Jour]]'' (1967, by [[Luis Buñuel]]), with [[Catherine Deneuve]], [[Jean Sorel]] and [[Michel Piccoli]]. * ''[[Belle de Jour]]'' (1967, by [[Luis Buñuel]]), with [[Catherine Deneuve]], [[Jean Sorel]] and [[Michel Piccoli]].
* ''[[The Graduate]]'' (1967, by [[Mike Nichols]]), with [[Dustin Hoffman]], [[Anne Bancroft]], [[Katharine Ross]] * ''[[The Graduate]]'' (1967, by [[Mike Nichols]]), with [[Dustin Hoffman]], [[Anne Bancroft]], [[Katharine Ross]]
* ''[[Il merlo maschio]]'' (1970, by [[Pasquale Festa Campanile]]), with [[Laura Antonelli]] and [[Lando Buzzanca]] * ''[[Il merlo maschio]]'' (1970, by [[Pasquale Festa Campanile]]), with [[Laura Antonelli]] and [[Lando Buzzanca]]
* ''[[La Dernière femme]]'' (1976, by [[Marco Ferreri]]), with [[Gérard Depardieu]], [[Ornella Muti]], [[Michel Piccoli]]. * ''[[La Dernière femme]]'' (1976, by [[Marco Ferreri]]), with [[Gérard Depardieu]], [[Ornella Muti]], [[Michel Piccoli]].
-* ''[[The Tin Drum]]'' (1979, by [[Volker Schlöndorff]]), with [[Mario Adorf]], [[Angela Winkler]], [[David Bennent]], [[Daniel Olbrychski]], [[Katharina Thalbach]]. +* ''[[The Tin Drum (film)|The Tin Drum]]'' (1979, by [[Volker Schlöndorff]]), with [[Mario Adorf]], [[Angela Winkler]], [[David Bennent]], [[Daniel Olbrychski]], [[Katharina Thalbach]].
-* ''[[Querelle]]'' (1982, by Reiner Werner [[Fassbinder]]) with [[Brad Davis]] and [[Jeanne Moreau]].+* ''[[La Pelle]]'' (1981, by [[Liliana Cavani]]), with [[Claudia Cardinale]], [[Marcello Mastroianni]], [[Burt Lancaster]], [[Ken Marshall]], [[Alexandra King]], [[Carlo Giuffrè]]
-* ''[[Maria's Lovers]]'' (1984, by [[Andrei Konchalovsky]]) with [[Nastassja Kinski]], [[John Savage]] and [[Keith Carradine]]+* ''[[Querelle]]'' (1982, by Reiner Werner [[Fassbinder]]) with [[Brad Davis (actor)|Brad Davis]] and [[Jeanne Moreau]].
-* ''[[Nine 1/2 Weeks]]'' (1986, by [[Adrian Lyne]]) with [[Mickey Rourke]], [[Kim Basinger]], [[David Margulies]].+* ''[[Maria's lovers]]'' (1984, by [[Andrei Konchalovsky]]) with [[Nastassja Kinski]], [[John Savage (actor)|John Savage]] and [[Keith Carradine]]
-* ''[[Henry and June]]'' (1990, by [[Philip Kaufman]]), with [[Fred Ward]], [[Uma Thurman]], [[Maria de Medeiros]].+* ''[[9½ Weeks]]'' (1986, by [[Adrian Lyne]]) with [[Mickey Rourke]], [[Kim Basinger]], [[David Margulies]].
 +* ''[[I miei primi quarant'anni]]'' (1987, by [[Carlo Vanzina]]), with [[Carol Alt]], [[Elliott Gould]] and [[Jean Rochefort]].
 +* ''[[Who Framed Roger Rabbit]]'' (1988, by [[Robert Zemeckis]]), [[Bob Hoskins]] & cartoons.
 +* ''[[Wild Orchid (film)|Wild Orchid]]'' (1990, by [[Zalman King]]) with [[Jacqueline Bisset]], [[Carré Otis]], [[Mickey Rourke]].
 +* ''[[Henry & June]]'' (1990, by [[Philip Kaufman]]), with [[Fred Ward]], [[Uma Thurman]], [[Maria de Medeiros]].
 +* ''[[The Bonfire of the Vanities (film)|The Bonfire of the Vanities]] '' (1990, by [[Brian De Palma]]) with [[Tom Hanks]], [[Bruce Willis]], [[Melanie Griffith]], [[Kim Cattrall]].
* ''[[Bitter Moon]] (Lunes de fiel)'' (1992, by [[Roman Polanski]]), with [[Hugh Grant]], [[Kristin Scott Thomas]], [[Emmanuelle Seigner]] , [[Peter Coyote]]. * ''[[Bitter Moon]] (Lunes de fiel)'' (1992, by [[Roman Polanski]]), with [[Hugh Grant]], [[Kristin Scott Thomas]], [[Emmanuelle Seigner]] , [[Peter Coyote]].
 +* ''[[La Reine Margot]]'' (1994, by [[Patrice Chéreau]], with [[Isabelle Adjani]], [[Daniel Auteuil]], [[Virna Lisi]], [[Miguel Bosé]]
 +* ''[[The Specialist]]'' (1994, by [[Luis Llosa]]) with [[Sharon Stone]], [[Silvester Stallone]], [[James Woods]] and [[Rod Steiger]].
 +* ''[[A French Woman|Une femme française]]'' (1995, by [[Régis Wargnier]]), with [[Emmanuelle Béart]] and [[Daniel Auteuil]].
 +* ''[[Eyes Wide Shut]]'', (1999 by [[Stanley Kubrick]], based on ''[[Dream Story]]'', a book by [[Arthur Schnitzler]]). With [[Tom Cruise]] and [[Nicole Kidman]].
 +* ''[[How much do you love me?]], (Combien tu m'aimes?)'' (2005, by [[Bertrand Blier]]) with [[Monica Bellucci]], [[Bernard Campan]] and [[Gérard Depardieu]]
 +* ''[[Memoirs of a Geisha (film)|Memoirs of a Geisha]]'' (2005, by [[Rob Marshall]]) with [[Zhang Ziyi]], and [[Ken Watanabe]].
==See also== ==See also==

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"It appears you don't believe me when I tell you how lovely my wife is. A man always believes his eyes better than his ears; so do as I tell you - contrive to see her naked."--Candaules cited in The Histories

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Candaulism is a fantasy, in which the husband exposes his wife, or pictures of her, to other voyeurist people for pleasure; hence the term candaulism which derives its name (proposed by Gugitz) from ancient King Candaules who made a plot to show his unaware naked wife to his servant Gyges of Lydia. Discovering Gyges while he was watching her naked, Candaules' wife ordered him to choose between killing himself or killing her husband in order to repair the vicious mischief. This 'incident' was featured in Herodotus's Histories and in André Gide's Le Roi Candaule.

Sometimes this behavior is taken to the extreme point, allowing complete sexual relations, a practice defined by many English speaking people in the swinging subculture as cuckoldry. In certain cases the relation evolves into a stable union of three persons that is known as triolism.

[edit]

Candaulists in history

This is a list of seduced, sexually unfaithful wives, happily married for many years to famous consenting men (who deliberately ignored, tolerated, approved, encouraged, or even induced the non innocent nude exposition or promiscuous sexual behavior of their spouses, all facts fully proven, and widely known to the public). These persons/characters must have a relevance in arts, history, literature, science, cinema or cartoons, not belong to the world of pornography, and have stable relationships extending over many years.

[edit]

Filmography

[edit]

See also


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