Body fluid
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | [[Image:The red splodge representing the reign of Ivan the Terrible in Gustave Doré's 'The History of Holy Russia'.jpg |thumb|right|200px|[[The red splodge representing the reign of Ivan the Terrible in Gustave Doré's 'The History of Holy Russia']]]] | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/{{PAGENAMEE}}] [May 2007] | + | '''Bodily fluids''' listed below are found in the bodies of men and/or women. Some may be found in animals as well. They include [[fluid]]s that are [[excretion|excreted]] or [[secretion|secreted]] from the [[body]] as well as fluids that normally are not. A selected number of these respective fluids would include: |
| - | '''Bodily fluids''' listed below are found in the bodies of men and/or women. Some may be found in animals as well. They include fluids that are [[excretion|excreted]] or [[secretion|secreted]] from the body as well as fluids that normally are not. These respective fluids would include: | ||
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| - | * [[Amniotic fluid]] surrounding a [[fetus]] | ||
| - | * [[Aqueous humour]] | ||
| * [[Bile]] | * [[Bile]] | ||
| * [[Blood]] and [[blood plasma]] | * [[Blood]] and [[blood plasma]] | ||
| - | * [[Cerumen]] also known as [[earwax]] | ||
| * [[Cowper's fluid]] or [[pre-ejaculatory fluid]] | * [[Cowper's fluid]] or [[pre-ejaculatory fluid]] | ||
| - | * [[Chyle]] | ||
| - | * [[Chyme]] | ||
| * [[Female ejaculate]] | * [[Female ejaculate]] | ||
| - | * [[Interstitial fluid]] | ||
| - | * [[Lymph]] | ||
| - | * [[Menses]] | ||
| * [[Breast milk]] | * [[Breast milk]] | ||
| - | * [[Mucus]] (including ''snot'' and ''phlegm'') | + | * [[Mucus]] (including ''[[snot]]'' and ''[[phlegm]]'') |
| - | * [[Pleural fluid]] | + | |
| * [[Pus]] | * [[Pus]] | ||
| * [[Saliva]] | * [[Saliva]] | ||
| - | * [[Sebaceous gland|Sebum]] (skin oil) | ||
| * [[Semen]] | * [[Semen]] | ||
| - | * [[blood plasma|Serum]] | ||
| * [[Sweat]] | * [[Sweat]] | ||
| * [[Tears]] | * [[Tears]] | ||
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| [[Feces]], while not generally classed as a body fluid, are often treated similarly to body fluids, and are sometimes fluid or semi-fluid in nature. | [[Feces]], while not generally classed as a body fluid, are often treated similarly to body fluids, and are sometimes fluid or semi-fluid in nature. | ||
| - | Internal body fluids, which are not usually leaked or excreted to the outside world, include: | + | ==Body fluids in art== |
| - | * [[cerebrospinal fluid]] surrounding the brain and the spinal cord | + | :''[[abjection]], [[body fluids in art]]'' |
| - | * [[synovial fluid]] surrounding bone joints | + | A relatively new trend in [[contemporary art]] is to use '''body fluids in art,''' though there have been rarer uses of blood (and perhaps feces) for quite some time, and [[Marcel Duchamp]] used [[semen]] decades ago in such works as the ''[[Wayward Landscape]]''. |
| - | * [[intracellular fluid]] is the fluid inside cells | + | |
| - | * [[blood]] | + | ==Body fluids and health== |
| - | * [[aqueous humour]] and [[vitreous humour]] the fluids in the eyeball. | + | Modern [[medical hygiene]] and [[public health]] practices also treat body fluids as unclean. This is because they can be [[vector (biology)|vector]]s for infectious diseases, such as [[sexually transmitted disease]]s or [[blood-borne disease]]s. |
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| + | [[Safer sex]] practices try to avoid exchanges of body fluids. | ||
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| ==Bodily fluids in religion and history== | ==Bodily fluids in religion and history== | ||
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| In [[Motion Picture Association of America|MPAA]] and [[Entertainment Software Rating Board|ESRB]] ratings of [[movie]]s and [[video game]]s, respectively, the depiction of blood is frequently enough to raise the rating to exclude children. In the ESRB system, for example, bloodless "fantasy violence" is considered suitable for games rated '''Everyone''', but games involving more than "minimal and/or infrequent" bloodshed are rated '''Teen'''. | In [[Motion Picture Association of America|MPAA]] and [[Entertainment Software Rating Board|ESRB]] ratings of [[movie]]s and [[video game]]s, respectively, the depiction of blood is frequently enough to raise the rating to exclude children. In the ESRB system, for example, bloodless "fantasy violence" is considered suitable for games rated '''Everyone''', but games involving more than "minimal and/or infrequent" bloodshed are rated '''Teen'''. | ||
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| - | ==Body fluids in art== | ||
| - | |||
| - | A relatively new trend in [[contemporary art]] is to use '''body fluids in art,''' though there have been rarer uses of blood (and perhaps feces) for quite some time, and [[Marcel Duchamp]] used [[semen]] decades ago. Examples include: | ||
| - | |||
| - | * The controversial ''[[Piss Christ]]'' (1987), by [[Andres Serrano]], which is a [[photograph]] of a [[crucifix]] submerged in [[urine]]; | ||
| - | * ''Self'' (1991, recast 1996) by [[Marc Quinn]], a frozen cast of the artist's head made entirely of his own [[blood]]; | ||
| - | * ''Piss Flowers,'' by [[Helen Chadwick]] (1991-92), are twelve white-enamelled bronzes cast from cavities made by [[urinating]] in snow (though this might not be characertised as the use of bodily fluids ''in'' art, just their use in preparation); | ||
| - | * performances by [[Lennie Lee]] involving feces, blood, vomit from 1990 | ||
| - | * many paintings by [[Chris Ofili]], which make use of [[elephant]] [[dung]] (from 1992). | ||
| - | * [[Gilbert and George]]'s ''The Naked Shit Pictures'' (1995) | ||
| - | * [[Hermann Nitsch]] and Das Orgien Mysterien Theatre use urine, feces, blood and more in their ritual performances. | ||
| - | * [[Franko B]] from 1990 blood letting performances. | ||
| - | |||
| - | ==Body fluids and health== | ||
| - | Modern [[medical hygiene]] and [[public health]] practices also treat body fluids as unclean. This is because they can be [[vector (biology)|vector]]s for infectious diseases, such as [[sexually transmitted disease]]s or [[blood-borne disease]]s. | ||
| - | |||
| - | [[Safer sex]] practices try to avoid exchanges of body fluids. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *[[Hygiene]] | *[[Hygiene]] | ||
| - | *[[Ritual cleanliness]] | ||
| - | *[[Blood-borne disease]]s | ||
| - | *[[Barrier nursing]] | ||
| - | *[[Fluid bonding]] | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| - | *Paul Spinrad. (1999) ''The RE/Search Guide to Bodily Fluids''. Juno Books. ISBN 1-890451-04-5 | + | *[[Paul Spinrad]]. (1999) ''[[The RE/Search Guide to Bodily Fluids]]''. Juno Books. ISBN 1-890451-04-5 |
| - | *John Bourke. (1891) ''Scatologic Rites of All Nations''. Washington, D.C.: W.H. Lowdermilk. | + | *[[John Bourke]]. (1891) ''[[Scatologic Rites of All Nations]]''. Washington, D.C.: W.H. Lowdermilk. |
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Bodily fluids listed below are found in the bodies of men and/or women. Some may be found in animals as well. They include fluids that are excreted or secreted from the body as well as fluids that normally are not. A selected number of these respective fluids would include:
- Bile
- Blood and blood plasma
- Cowper's fluid or pre-ejaculatory fluid
- Female ejaculate
- Breast milk
- Mucus (including snot and phlegm)
- Pus
- Saliva
- Semen
- Sweat
- Tears
- Urine
- Vaginal lubrication
- Vomit
Feces, while not generally classed as a body fluid, are often treated similarly to body fluids, and are sometimes fluid or semi-fluid in nature.
Contents |
Body fluids in art
A relatively new trend in contemporary art is to use body fluids in art, though there have been rarer uses of blood (and perhaps feces) for quite some time, and Marcel Duchamp used semen decades ago in such works as the Wayward Landscape.
Body fluids and health
Modern medical hygiene and public health practices also treat body fluids as unclean. This is because they can be vectors for infectious diseases, such as sexually transmitted diseases or blood-borne diseases.
Safer sex practices try to avoid exchanges of body fluids.
Bodily fluids in religion and history
Bodily fluids are regarded with varying levels of disgust among world cultures, including the Abrahamic faiths (Christianity, Islam, Judaism) and Hinduism. In Hinduism substances that have left the body are considered unclean, although there are some sects which smear cremated body ash on their foreheads as symbolic gestures.
Feces and urine have been used by religions on every continent for atonement, rites of passage, and funerary rites.
One interesting example is the alleged consumption of some ancient sects of the urine of people intoxicated with hallucinogenic mushrooms or creepers, as the urine contained high concentrations of the drug and could be "re-used."
Attitudes concerning bodily fluids aside, there is a long human history of their use in religion, medicine, art, sex, and folklore. Some believe that the tradition of shaking hands with the right hand stems from using the left hand to clean up after defecation, as a result, shaking hands with the left hand is considered insulting in many cultures.
Bodily fluids in popular culture
In Western culture, many people find bodily fluids distasteful or even taboo. Not surprisingly, therefore, they have long been a popular subject for comedy. Perhaps the most famous appearance of bodily fluids in popular culture was in the 1964 Stanley Kubrick film Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb, in which the character of "General Jack D. Ripper" (played by Sterling Hayden) worries obsessively about a global Communist conspiracy to "sap and impurify" the "precious bodily fluids" of Americans through water fluoridation.
In MPAA and ESRB ratings of movies and video games, respectively, the depiction of blood is frequently enough to raise the rating to exclude children. In the ESRB system, for example, bloodless "fantasy violence" is considered suitable for games rated Everyone, but games involving more than "minimal and/or infrequent" bloodshed are rated Teen.
See also
References
- Paul Spinrad. (1999) The RE/Search Guide to Bodily Fluids. Juno Books. ISBN 1-890451-04-5
- John Bourke. (1891) Scatologic Rites of All Nations. Washington, D.C.: W.H. Lowdermilk.
