August 2  

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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
-== Births ==+* [[338 BC]] - [[Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC)]]
 +* [[219 BC]] - [[Second Punic War]]: [[Battle of Cannae]] - The [[Carthage|Carthaginian]] army lead by [[Hannibal (Barcid)|Hannibal]] defeats a numerically superior [[Roman Republic|Roman]] army under command of [[consul]]s [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus (General)|Lucius Aemilius Paullus]] and [[Gaius Terentius Varro]].
 +* [[1610]] - [[Henry Hudson]] sails into what it is now known as [[Hudson Bay]], thinking he had made it through the [[Northwest Passage]] and reached the [[Pacific Ocean]].
 +* [[1776]] - Delegates to the [[Continental Congress]] begin signing the [[United States Declaration of Independence]].
 +* [[1790]] - The first [[US Census]] is conducted.
 +* [[1798]] - [[French Revolutionary Wars]]: [[Battle of the Nile|Battle of the Nile (Battle of Aboukir Bay)]] concludes in an English victory
 +* [[1869]] - [[Japan|Japan's]] [[samurai]], [[farmer]], [[artisan]], [[merchant]] class system ([[Shinōkōshō]]) is abolished as part of the [[Meiji Restoration]] reforms. (Traditional [[Japanese calendar|Japanese date]]: [[June 25]], [[1869]]).
 +*[[1870]] - [[Tower Subway]], the world's first [[metro|underground tube railway]], opens in [[London]].
 +*[[1903]] - [[Fall of the Ottoman Empire]]: Unsuccessful uprising of the [[Bulgarians]] in the [[Macedonia (region)|region of Macedonia]] from the [[Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization]] against [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] [[Turkey]], also known as the [[Ilinden-Preobrazhenie Uprising]].
 +*[[1916]] - [[World War I]]: [[Austria-Hungary|Austrian]] sabotage causes the sinking of the [[Italy|Italian]] battleship [[Italian battleship Leonardo da Vinci|''Leonardo da Vinci'']] in [[Taranto]].
 +*[[1918]] - [[Japan]] announces that it is deploying troops to [[Siberia]] in the aftermath of [[World War I]].
 +*[[1931]] - [[Einstein]] urges all scientists to refuse [[military]] work.
 +*[[1934]] - [[Gleichschaltung]]: [[Adolf Hitler]] becomes [[Führer]] of [[Germany]].
 +*[[1937]] - The [[1937 Marihuana Tax Act|Marihuana Tax Act of 1937]] is passed in America, essentially rendering [[cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] and all its by-products illegal.
 +*[[1939]] - [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Leó Szilárd]] write a letter to [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] urging him to begin the Manhattan project to develop a nuclear weapon.
 +*[[1943]] - [[World War II]]: [[PT-109]] rammed by the [[Imperial Japanese Navy|Japanese]] destroyer [[Amagiri]] and sinks. Lt. [[John F. Kennedy]] saves all but two of his crew.
 +*[[1945]] - World War II: [[Potsdam Conference]], in which the [[Allied Powers]] discuss the future of defeated [[Germany]], concludes.
 +*[[1964]] - [[Vietnam War]]: [[Gulf of Tonkin Incident]] - [[North Vietnam|North Vietnamese]] gunboats allegedly fires on [[United States|U.S.]] destroyers, [[USS Maddox (DD-731)|USS ''Maddox'']] and the [[USS Turner Joy (DD-951)|USS ''Turner Joy'']].
 +*[[1967]] - The second [[Blackwall Tunnel]] opens in [[Greenwich, London]].
 +*[[1980]] - A [[Bologna Massacre|bomb explodes]] at the [[Bologna Central Station|railway station]] in [[Bologna]], [[Italy]], killing 85 people and wounding more than 200.
 +*[[1985]] - A [[Delta Air Lines]] [[Lockheed L-1011]] TriStar crashes at [[Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport]] killing 137.
 +*[[1990]] - [[Gulf War]]: [[Iraq]] invades [[Kuwait]], eventually leading to conflict with coalition forces.
 +*[[2004]] - [[Monday demonstrations, 2004|Monday demonstrations]] against social cutbacks began in [[Germany]].
 + 
 +==Births==
 +*[[1533]] - [[Theodor Zwinger]], Swiss scholar (d. [[1588]])
 +*[[1672]] - [[Johann Jakob Scheuchzer]], Swiss scholar (d. [[1733]])
 +*[[1674]] - [[Philip II, Duke of Orléans]], [[Regent#France|Regent of France]] (d. [[1723]])
 +*[[1696]] - [[Mahmud I]], [[Ottoman Sultan]] (d. [[1754]])
 +*[[1703]] - [[Lorenzo Ricci]], Italian [[Jesuit]] leader (d. [[1775]])
 +*[[1754]] - [[Pierre Charles L'Enfant]], French-born architect and city planner (d. [[1825]])
 +*[[1788]] - [[Leopold Gmelin]], German chemist (d. [[1853]])
 +*[[1815]] - [[Adolf Friedrich von Schack]], German writer (d. [[1894]])
 +*[[1834]] - [[Frédéric Bartholdi]], French sculptor (d. [[1904]])
 +*[[1835]] - [[Elisha Gray]], American inventor and entrepreneur (d. [[1901]])
 +*[[1865]] - [[Irving Babbitt]], American literary critic (d. [[1933]])
 +* 1865 - [[John Radecki]], Australian stained glass artist (d. [[1955]])
 +*[[1868]] - King [[Constantine I of Greece]] (d. [[1923]])
 +*[[1871]] - [[John French Sloan]], American artist (d. [[1951]])
 +*[[1875]] - [[Mstislav Dobuzhinsky]], Russian artist (d. [[1957]])
 +*[[1878]] - [[Georg Hackenschmidt]], Estonian wrestler (d. [[1968]])
 +*[[1882]] - [[Red Ames]], baseball player (d. [[1936]])
 +*[[1890]] - [[Marin Sais]], American actress (d. [[1971]])
 +*[[1891]] - [[Viktor Maksimovich Zhirmunsky]], Russian literary historian, linguist (d. [[1971]])
 +*[[1892]] - [[Jack Warner]], Canadian film producer (d. [[1978]])
 +*[[1896]] - [[Lorenzo Herrera]], Venezuelan singer and composer (d. [[1960]])
 +*[[1897]] - [[Max Weber (politician)|Max Weber]], Swiss Federal Councilor (d. [[1974]])
 +* 1897 - [[Karl Otto Koch]], German SS-officer (d. [[1945]])
 +*[[1899]] - [[Charles Bennett (screenwriter)|Charles Bennett]], British screenwriter (d. [[1995]])
 +*[[1900]] - [[Helen Morgan]], American actress (d. [[1941]])
 +*[[1905]] - [[Karl Amadeus Hartmann]], German composer (d. [[1963]])
 +* 1905 - [[Myrna Loy]], American actress (d. [[1993]])
 +*[[1907]] - [[Mary Hamman]], American writer (d. [[1984]])
 +*[[1910]] - [[Roger MacDougall]], writer (d. [[1993]])
 +*[[1912]] - [[Vladimir Zerjavic]], Croatian statistician (d. [[2001]])
 +* 1912 - [[Ann Dvorak]], American actress (d. [[1979]])
 +*[[1914]] - [[Beatrice Straight]], American actress (d. [[2001]])
 +* 1914 - [[Félix Leclerc]], Quebec singer, songwriter and writer (d. [[1988]])
 +*[[1915]] - [[Gary Merrill]], American actor (d. [[1990]])
 +*[[1924]] - [[James Baldwin (writer)|James Baldwin]], American author (d. [[1987]])
 +* 1924 - [[Carroll O'Connor]], American actor (d. [[2001]])
 +*[[1925]] - [[Jorge Rafael Videla]], Argentinian dictator
 +* 1925 - [[Alan Whicker]], British journalist and broadcaster
 +*[[1930]] - [[Vali Myers (artist)]], Australian painter (d. [[2003]])
 +*[[1931]] - [[Pierre DuMaine]], Catholic bishop
 +*[[1932]] - [[Lamar Hunt]], American sports executive (d. [[2006]])
 +* 1932 - [[Peter O'Toole]], Irish-born actor
 +*[[1934]] - [[Valery Bykovsky]], cosmonaut
 +*[[1935]] - [[Hank Cochran]], American country music singer and songwriter
 +*[[1937]] - [[Garth Hudson]], Canadian musician ([[The Band]])
 +*[[1938]] - [[Pierre de Bané]], French Canadian politician
 +*[[1939]] - [[Wes Craven]], American film director
 +*[[1941]] - [[Doris Coley]], American singer ([[Shirelles]]) (d. [[2000]])
 +*[[1942]] - [[Isabel Allende]], Chilean author
 +*[[1943]] - [[Max Wright]], American actor
 +* 1943 - [[Tom Burgmeier]], American baseball player
 +*[[1944]] - [[Jim Capaldi]], British musician and songwriter ([[Traffic (band)|Traffic]]) (d. [[2005]])
 +*[[1945]] - [[Joanna Cassidy]], American actress
 +* 1945 - [[Alex Jesaulenko]], Australian footballer
 +*[[1947]] - [[Massiel]], Spanish singer
 +*[[1948]] - [[Andy Fairweather Low]], British guitarist
 +* 1948 - [[Dennis Prager]], American radio talk show host and author
 +*[[1949]] - [[James Fallows]], American journalist
 +*[[1950]] - [[Lance Ito]], American judge
 +* 1950 - [[Sue Rodriguez]], Canadian [[assisted suicide]] advocate (d. [[1994]])
 +*[[1951]] - [[Andrew Gold]], American musician and songwriter
 +* 1951 - [[Per Westerberg]], Swedish politician
 +*[[1953]] - [[Butch Patrick]], American actor
 +* 1953 - [[Marjo]], Quebec singer
 +*[[1954]] - [[Sammy McIlroy]], Northern Irish footballer and manager
 +*[[1955]] - [[Caleb Carr]], American novelist and military historian
 +*[[1956]] - [[Fulvio Melia]], Italian-American physicist/astrophysicist and author
 +* 1956 - [[Jim Neidhart]], American professional wrestler
 +*[[1957]] - [[Mojo Nixon]], American musician and actor
 +*[[1959]] - [[Victoria Jackson]], American comedian
 +* 1959 - [[Apollonia Kotero]], American singer and actress
 +*[[1960]] - [[Neal Morse]], American musician ([[Spock's Beard]] and [[Transatlantic]])
 +*[[1961]] - [[Linda Fratianne]], American figure skater
 +*[[1964]] - [[Mary-Louise Parker]], American actress
 +*[[1966]] - [[Tim Wakefield]], American baseball player
 +*[[1967]] - [[Aaron Krickstein]], American tennis player
 +* 1967 - [[Aline Brosh McKenna]], American screenwriter
 +*[[1969]] - [[Fernando Couto]], Portuguese footballer
 +* 1969 - [[Richard Hallebeek]], Dutch guitarist
 +*[[1970]] - [[Tony Amonte]], American ice hockey player
 +* 1970 - [[Kevin Smith]], American director and screenwriter
 +*[[1971]] - [[Michael Hughes (footballer)|Michael Hughes]], Irish footballer
 +*[[1972]] - [[Jacinda Barrett]], Australian model and actress
 +* 1972 - [[Jimmy Pop]], American musician ([[The Bloodhound Gang]])
 +* 1972 - [[Justyna Steczkowska]], Polish singer
 +*[[1973]] - [[Hiroyuki Goto]], Japanese game designer
 +*[[1974]] - [[Jeremy Castle]], American singer and songwriter
 +* 1974 - [[Angie Cepeda]], Colombian actress
 +*[[1975]] - [[Carlos Luciano da Silva|Mineiro]], Brazilian footballer
 +* 1975 - [[Xu Huaiwen]], Chinese-born badminton player
 +*[[1977]] - [[Edward Furlong]], American actor
 +*[[1982]] - [[Hélder Postiga]], Portuguese footballer
 +* 1982 - [[Grady Sizemore]], American baseball player
 +*[[1983]] - [[Nick Diaz]], American MMA fighter
 +*[[1984]] - [[Giampaolo Pazzini]], Italian footballer
 +*[[1985]] - [[Harry Smith (wrestler)|Harry Smith]], Canadian professional wrestler
 +*[[1986]] - [[Mathieu Razanakolona]], Malagasy skier
 +*[[1988]] - [[Brittany Hargest]], American singer ([[Jump5]])
 +*[[1992]] - [[Hallie Kate Eisenberg]], American actress
 +<!--
 +Do not add your own name or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please.
 +Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information.
 +Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.
 +-->
 + 
 +==Deaths==
 +* [[686]] - [[Pope John V]]
 +* [[924]] - [[Ælfweard of Wessex]]
 +*[[1100]] - King [[William II of England]]
 +*[[1222]] - Count [[Raymond VI of Toulouse]] (b. [[1156]])
 +*[[1511]] - [[Andrew Barton]], Scottish naval leader
 +*[[1589]] - King [[Henry III of France]] (b. [[1551]])
 +*[[1611]] - [[Kiyomasa Kato|Kato Kiyomasa]], Japanese warlord and samurai (b. [[1562]])
 +*[[1696]] - [[Robert Campbell of Glenlyon]], Scottish military commander (b. [[1630]])
 +*[[1769]] - [[Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea]], English politician (b. [[1689]])
 +*[[1776]] - [[Louis François I, Prince of Conti]], French military leader (b. [[1717]])
 +*[[1788]] - [[Thomas Gainsborough]], English artist (b. [[1727]])
 +*[[1815]] - [[Guillaume Marie Anne Brune]], French marshal (b. [[1763]])
 +*[[1823]] - [[Lazare Carnot]], French general, politician, and mathematician (b. [[1753]])
 +*[[1849]] - Governor [[Muhammad Ali of Egypt]] (b. [[1769]])
 +*[[1859]] - [[Horace Mann]], American educator and abolitionist (b. [[1796]])
 +*[[1876]] - [[Wild Bill Hickok|James Butler "Wild Bill" Hickok]], American gunfighter (b. [[1837]])
 +*[[1889]] - [[Eduardo Gutiérrez]], Argentinian author (b. [[1851]])
 +*[[1890]] - [[Louise-Victorine Ackermann]], French poet (b. [[1813]])
 +*[[1903]] - [[Edmond Nocard]], French veterinarian (b. [[1850]])
 +*[[1920]] - [[Ormer Locklear]], American stunt pilot (b. [[1891]])
 +*[[1921]] - [[Enrico Caruso]], Italian tenor (b. [[1873]])
 +*[[1922]] - [[Alexander Graham Bell]], Scottish-born inventor (b. [[1847]])
 +*[[1923]] - [[Warren G. Harding]], 29th [[President of the United States]] (b. [[1865]])
 +*[[1934]] - [[Paul von Hindenburg]], German field marshal and [[President of Germany]] (b. [[1847]])
 +*[[1936]] - [[Louis Bleriot|Louis Blériot]], French aviation pioneer (b. [[1872]])
 +*[[1939]] - [[Harvey Spencer Lewis]], American Rosacrucian mystic (b. [[1883]])
 +*[[1945]] - [[Pietro Mascagni]], Italian composer (b. [[1863]])
 +*[[1955]] - [[Alfred Lépine]], French Canadian ice hockey player (b. [[1901]])
 +*[[1972]] - [[Helen Hoyt]], American poet (b. [[1887]])
 +* 1972 - [[Brian Cole]], American bass player ([[The Association]]) (b. [[1942]])
 +*[[1973]] - [[Jean-Pierre Melville]], French film director (b. [[1917]])
 +*[[1974]] - [[W. Douglas Hawkes]], British racing driver (b. [[1893]])
 +*[[1976]] - [[Fritz Lang]], Austrian film director (b. [[1890]])
 +*[[1978]] - [[Carlos Chávez]], Mexican composer (b. [[1899]])
 +*[[1979]] - [[Thurman Munson]], American baseball player (b. [[1947]])
 +*[[1986]] - [[Roy Cohn]], American politician (b. [[1927]])
 +*[[1988]] - [[Raymond Carver]], American writer (b. [[1938]])
 +* 1988 - [[Joe Carcione]], American consumer advocate (b. [[1914]])
 +*[[1990]] - [[Norman Mclean]], American writer (b. [[1902]])
 +*[[1992]] - [[Michel Berger]], French singer and songwriter (b. [[1947]])
 +*[[1996]] - [[Michel Debré]], French politician (b. [[1912]])
 +*[[1997]] - [[William S. Burroughs]], American writer (b. [[1914]])
 +*[[1998]] - [[Shari Lewis]], American puppeteer (b. [[1933]])
 +*[[2001]] - [[Ron Townson]], American singer ([[The Fifth Dimension]]) (b. [[1933]])
 +*[[2003]] - [[Don Estelle]], British actor (b. [[1933]])
 +* 2003 - [[Mike Levey]], American television personality (b. [[1948]])
 +* 2003 - [[Peter Safar]], Austrian physician (b. [[1924]])
 +*[[2004]] - [[Don Tosti]], American musician (b. [[1923]])
 +* 2004 - [[François Craenhals]], Belgian comics artist (b. [[1926]])
-== Deaths == 
== Notes == == Notes ==

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