1523
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| * [[May]] – The [[Ningbo Incident]]: Two rival trade delegations from Japan feud in the Chinese city of [[Ningbo]], resulting in the pillage and plunder of the city. | * [[May]] – The [[Ningbo Incident]]: Two rival trade delegations from Japan feud in the Chinese city of [[Ningbo]], resulting in the pillage and plunder of the city. | ||
| * [[June 3]] – [[Santhome Church]] was established by Portuguese explorers over the tomb of [[Saint Thomas the Apostle]] in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. | * [[June 3]] – [[Santhome Church]] was established by Portuguese explorers over the tomb of [[Saint Thomas the Apostle]] in [[Chennai]], [[India]]. | ||
| - | * [[June 6]] – [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]] is elected [[king of Sweden]], finally establishing the full independence of [[Sweden]] from [[Denmark]], which marks the end of the [[Kalmar Union]]. This event is also traditionally considered to be the establishment of the modern Swedish nation.<ref>{{cite book|title=The World Factbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d11RAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA463|year=1997|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|pages=463}}</ref> | + | * [[June 6]] – [[Gustav I of Sweden|Gustav Vasa]] is elected [[king of Sweden]], finally establishing the full independence of [[Sweden]] from [[Denmark]], which marks the end of the [[Kalmar Union]]. This event is also traditionally considered to be the establishment of the modern Swedish nation. |
| === July–December === | === July–December === | ||
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| * [[July 1]] – [[Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos]] become the first [[Flanders|Flemish]] [[Lutheran]] martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in [[Brussels]]. | * [[July 1]] – [[Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos]] become the first [[Flanders|Flemish]] [[Lutheran]] martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in [[Brussels]]. | ||
| * [[July 7]] – [[Wijerd Jelckama]], a [[Frisians|Frisian]] warlord and military commander, is executed in [[Leeuwarden]], ending the Frisian rebellion fought by the [[Arumer Black Heap]]. | * [[July 7]] – [[Wijerd Jelckama]], a [[Frisians|Frisian]] warlord and military commander, is executed in [[Leeuwarden]], ending the Frisian rebellion fought by the [[Arumer Black Heap]]. | ||
| - | * [[July 25]] - In what is now Mexico, the conquistador [[Gonzalo de Sandoval]] founds the city of [[Colima City|Colima]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Santos Protomártir |first=Vaquero |title=El esforzado Capitán Gonzalo de Sandoval |publisher=Revista de Estudios Extremeños |year=2020 |pages=Tomo LXXVI, N.º II, pp. 243-307}}</ref> | + | * [[July 25]] - In what is now Mexico, the conquistador [[Gonzalo de Sandoval]] founds the city of [[Colima City|Colima]].* [[September 22]] – [[Spanish conquest of Nicaragua]]: Agreement for an expedition by ''[[conquistador]]es'' into [[Nicaragua]]. |
| - | * [[September 22]] – [[Spanish conquest of Nicaragua]]: Agreement for an expedition by ''[[conquistador]]es'' into [[Nicaragua]]. | + | * [[November 19]] – Following the death of [[Pope Adrian VI]], the Medici cardinal is elected 219th [[pope]] as [[Pope Clement VII|Clement VII]]. |
| - | * [[November 19]] – Following the death of [[Pope Adrian VI]], the Medici cardinal is elected 219th [[pope]] as [[Pope Clement VII|Clement VII]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Desiderius Erasmus|title=The Correspondence of Erasmus: Letters 1356 to 1534, 1523 to 1524: Letters 1356 to 1534, 1523 to 1524|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bYVEgXbiunkC&pg=PA163|date=1 January 1974|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-0-8020-5976-5|pages=163–}}</ref> | + | |
| === Date unknown === | === Date unknown === | ||
| - | * The [[Ming dynasty]] Chinese navy captures two Western ships with [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] [[Breech-loading weapon|breech–loading]] [[culverin]]s aboard, which the Chinese call a ''fo–lang–ji'' (Frankish culverin). According to the ''Ming Shi'', these cannons are soon presented to the [[Jiajing Emperor]] by Wang Hong, and their design is copied in [[1529]].<ref>{{cite book|first=John|last=Keay|author-link=John Keay|publisher=HarperPress|isbn=9780007221776|publication-place=London|title=China: A History|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780465015801|year=2008|id=0007221770|quote=The 'breech-loading culverins presented at the Ming court in 1522' were a gift from the Portuguese; and Portuguese arquebuses were acquired in the 1540s by the Japanese, who copied and greatly improved them.|url-access=registration}}</ref> | + | * The [[Ming dynasty]] Chinese navy captures two Western ships with [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] [[Breech-loading weapon|breech–loading]] [[culverin]]s aboard, which the Chinese call a ''fo–lang–ji'' (Frankish culverin). According to the ''Ming Shi'', these cannons are soon presented to the [[Jiajing Emperor]] by Wang Hong, and their design is copied in [[1529]]. |
| * [[Franconian War]]: The [[Swabian League]] destroys 23 [[Robber baron (feudalism)|robber baron]] castles.</onlyinclude> | * [[Franconian War]]: The [[Swabian League]] destroys 23 [[Robber baron (feudalism)|robber baron]] castles.</onlyinclude> | ||
| * In northern Italy, a French army tries to recover [[Milan]] but fails due to an offensive by Spanish, Imperial and English troops. | * In northern Italy, a French army tries to recover [[Milan]] but fails due to an offensive by Spanish, Imperial and English troops. | ||
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| * [[August 27]] – [[Domenico Grimani]], Italian nobleman (b. [[1461]]) | * [[August 27]] – [[Domenico Grimani]], Italian nobleman (b. [[1461]]) | ||
| * [[August 29]] – [[Ulrich von Hutten]], Lutheran reformer (b. [[1488]]) | * [[August 29]] – [[Ulrich von Hutten]], Lutheran reformer (b. [[1488]]) | ||
| - | * [[September 14]] – [[Pope Adrian VI]] (b. [[1459]])<ref>{{cite web |title=Adrian VI {{!}} pope |url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Adrian-VI |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=20 March 2021 |language=en}}</ref> | + | * [[September 14]] – [[Pope Adrian VI]] (b. [[1459]]) |
| * [[October 5]] – [[Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania]] (1474–1523) (b. [[1454]]) | * [[October 5]] – [[Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania]] (1474–1523) (b. [[1454]]) | ||
| * [[October 11]] – [[Bartolomeo Montagna]], Italian painter (b. [[1450]]) | * [[October 11]] – [[Bartolomeo Montagna]], Italian painter (b. [[1450]]) | ||
Revision as of 00:47, 30 December 2022
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Year 1523 (MDXXIII) is the 23rd year of the 16th century, and the 4th year of the 1520s decade.
Contents |
Events
- End of the Knights' Revolt
Literature
Fiction
Non-fiction
Visual art
- Two Witches by Hans Baldung
- Deuttung der cwo grewlichen Figuren
- The Pope Ass by Lucas Cranach the Elder
Music
Architecture
Births
- Enea Vico (1523 – 1567), was an Italian engraver.
Deaths
- Luca Signorelli (c.1445-1523)
- Gerard David (c. 1460, Oudewater - August 13th 1523, Bruges)
- January 20 – Christian II is forced to abdicate as King of Denmark and Norway.
- May – The Ningbo Incident: Two rival trade delegations from Japan feud in the Chinese city of Ningbo, resulting in the pillage and plunder of the city.
- June 3 – Santhome Church was established by Portuguese explorers over the tomb of Saint Thomas the Apostle in Chennai, India.
- June 6 – Gustav Vasa is elected king of Sweden, finally establishing the full independence of Sweden from Denmark, which marks the end of the Kalmar Union. This event is also traditionally considered to be the establishment of the modern Swedish nation.
July–December
- c. July – Martin Luther's translation of the Pentateuch into German (Template:Lang) is published.
- July 1 – Jan van Essen and Hendrik Vos become the first Flemish Lutheran martyrs, burned at the stake by Roman Catholic authorities in Brussels.
- July 7 – Wijerd Jelckama, a Frisian warlord and military commander, is executed in Leeuwarden, ending the Frisian rebellion fought by the Arumer Black Heap.
- July 25 - In what is now Mexico, the conquistador Gonzalo de Sandoval founds the city of Colima.* September 22 – Spanish conquest of Nicaragua: Agreement for an expedition by conquistadores into Nicaragua.
- November 19 – Following the death of Pope Adrian VI, the Medici cardinal is elected 219th pope as Clement VII.
Date unknown
- The Ming dynasty Chinese navy captures two Western ships with Portuguese breech–loading culverins aboard, which the Chinese call a fo–lang–ji (Frankish culverin). According to the Ming Shi, these cannons are soon presented to the Jiajing Emperor by Wang Hong, and their design is copied in 1529.
- Franconian War: The Swabian League destroys 23 robber baron castles.
- In northern Italy, a French army tries to recover Milan but fails due to an offensive by Spanish, Imperial and English troops.
Births
[[File:Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry by Studio of François Clouet.jpg|thumb|100px|right|Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry]] [[File:Kober Anna Jagiellon in coronation robes.jpg|thumb|110px|right|Queen Anna]]
- January 29 – Enea Vico, Italian engraver (d. 1567)
- February 1 – Francesco Abbondio Castiglioni, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1568)
- February 13 – Valentin Naboth, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1593)
- February 20 – Jan Blahoslav, Czech writer (d. 1571)
- March 14 – Helena Magenbuch, German pharmacist (d. 1597)
- March 17 – Giovanni Francesco Commendone, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1584)
- March 21 – Kaspar Eberhard, German theologian (d. 1575)
- April 5 – Blaise de Vigenère, French diplomat and cryptographer (d. 1596)
- April 21 – Marco Antonio Bragadin, Venetian lawyer and military officer (d. 1571)
- June 5 – Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry (d. 1574)
- July 4 – Pier Francesco Orsini, Italian condottiero and art patron (d. 1583)
- July 18 – Duke George II of Brieg (1547–1586) (d. 1586)
- September 21 – Sancho d'Avila, Spanish general (d. 1583)
- September 22 – Charles, Cardinal de Bourbon, French church leader and pretender to the throne (d. 1590)
- October 10 – Ludwig Rabus, German martyrologist (d. 1592)
- October 11 – Eleonore of Fürstenberg, wife of Philip IV, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1544)
- October 18 – Anna Jagiellon, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland (d. 1596)
- date unknown
- Gabriele Falloppio, Italian anatomist and physician (d. 1562)
- Martín Cortés, Spanish conquistador (d. 1589)
- Francisco Foreiro, Portuguese Dominican theologian and biblist (d. 1581)
- Gaspara Stampa, Italian poet (d. 1554)
- probable – Crispin van den Broeck, Flemish painter (d. 1591)
- possible – Catherine Howard, fifth queen of Henry VIII of England, (b. between 1518 and 1524; executed 1542)
Deaths
[[File:Hadrian VI.jpg|thumb|110px|Pope Adrian VI]] [[File:Pietro Perugino 031.jpg|thumb|110px|Pietro Perugino]]
- February 4 – Thomas Ruthall, English chancellor of the University of Cambridge
- March 28 – Louis I, Count of Löwenstein, founder of the House of Löwenstein-Wertheim (b. 1463)
- April 6 – Henry Stafford, 1st Earl of Wiltshire, English nobleman (b. 1479)
- May 7
- Antonio Grimani, Italian admiral (b. 1434)
- Franz von Sickingen, German knight (b. 1481)
- May 23 – Ashikaga Yoshitane, Japanese shōgun (b. 1466)
- May 24 – Henry Marney, 1st Baron Marney, English politician (b. 1447)
- July 1 – Johann Esch and Heinrich Voes, Flemish Lutheran martyrs
- July 7 – Wijerd Jelckama, Frisian rebel and warlord (b. 1490)
- August 13 – Gerard David, Flemish artist (b. c. 1455)
- August 27 – Domenico Grimani, Italian nobleman (b. 1461)
- August 29 – Ulrich von Hutten, Lutheran reformer (b. 1488)
- September 14 – Pope Adrian VI (b. 1459)
- October 5 – Bogislaw X, Duke of Pomerania (1474–1523) (b. 1454)
- October 11 – Bartolomeo Montagna, Italian painter (b. 1450)
- November 10 – Lachlan Cattanach Maclean, 11th Chief, Scottish clan chief (b. 1465)
- October – William Cornysh, English composer (b. 1465)
- date unknown
- Cecilia Månsdotter, Swedish noble (b. c. 1476)
- Alessandro Alessandri, Italian jurist (b. 1461)
- Pietro Perugino, Italian painter (b. 1446)
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