The Stranger's Guide to Paris  

From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia

Related e

Wikipedia Wiktionary Shop Featured: Rhombicuboctahedron by Leonardo da Vinci

The Stranger's Guide to Paris (1837) is a book by J. Steward.

Full text

INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS.

THE materials for this work have either been collected from personal observation, or drawn from the best and most au- thentic sources ; while its chief object has been to condense into a portable volume all the information really necessary to the traveller who wishes to spend a week or a fortnight in the examination of the numerous curiosities and works of art which abound in this justly celebrated capital. We shall take our traveller ere he has yet crossed the channel, and apprize him as succinctly as possible of the necessary preliminaries to his performing the journey with . safety and satisfaction . Before starting it will be necessary. to procure a PASSPORT, which may be had, free of expense, at 24 hours' notice, on applying to the French Ambassa- dor's, No. 5, Poland- street, between the hours of twelve and four. It is necessary to mention the route intended to be taken. Should the traveller wish to pass through Holland or Belgium on his way to Paris, he may procure a passport for the former country, by addressing a letter signed by two respectable housekeepers, to the Ambassador of the Netherlands, 45, Dover-street, Piccadilly ; for the latter country he should make application to the Belgian Ambassador, 17, Fitzroy-square. • Here we would remind the traveller that the sum of eight or ten pounds, in French money, constitutes no trifling part of his preparations-should he be anxious to avoid disagreeable interruption on his way. French money may be had at any of the London money-changers with less trouble, and perhaps to more advantage, than on landing in France. For visitors who have an idea of making a stay of some months in the capital, a good plan of being provided with 264023 1514

2 CONVEYANCES.

funds is to procure a letter of credit from a banker in London to one in Paris ; but those whose intentions are to make the tour of the Continent will find the Circular Exchange Notes of Messrs. Herries, Farquhar, and Co. , St James's-street, which are payable in almost every town in Europe, the safest and most comfortable mode of defraying their expenses. CONVEYANCES. The most direct, most commodious, and most economi- cal conveyances from London to Paris are undoubtedly the Steam Packets from the Tower stairs. During the summer months these vessels start three or four times a week, and once or twice during the greater part of the winter. They are well fitted up, and afford every sort of refreshment. The passage is generally performed within twelve hours. Carriages and heavy luggage must be sent before two o'clock on the day previous to starting. The fares are : chief cabin, 17. 13s . ; fore cabin , 17. 2s . 6d. Children under ten years of age, half- price. Four-wheel carriages, 47. 4s . ; two-wheel carriages, 27. 2s .; horses, 37. 3s. But as the packets and the coaches are frequently changing their ar- rangements as to prices, time of starting, etc. , the traveller should obtain information at the packet offices in the vicinity of the Custom House, or at 69, Lombard-street, or 56, Haymarket. -At these offices insurances are effected ; and goods of all kinds safely conveyed from any part of the town, on spring caravans, to the office , where they are warehoused for all parts, foreign and coastwise, until the time of shipping, and regularly entered and cleared at the Custom House. 1 Persons who prefer the shorter sea-voyage, from Dover to Calais or Boulogne, may obtain correct information re- specting the conveyances to France on making application to the Spread Eagle office , Gracechurch- street ; to the Cross Keys, Wood-street ; to the Old Bell, Holborn ; to the Green Man and Still, Oxford- street ; or to the White Bear, Picca- dilly. Coaches for Dover leave one or other of these establishments every morning at half-past seven, eight, ten, and eleven o'clock ; and at six and half-past six every evening. Those who leave by the evening coaches arrive in Dover two or three hours before the sailing of the CONVEYANCES . 3 packet-crossing the channel at the same time with those who left London in the morning. These coaches book throughout ; the price of places varies according to the season ; but the summer prices, in- cluding the passage by sea, is, inside all the way, 37. 16s.; outside all the way, 27. 14s. Booking throughout is, however, decidedly, the most objectionable plan, and we would strongly caution the inexperienced traveller against adopting it. Should he be of a different opinion, however, all we can say is he labours under a mistake which will only be rectified at his own expense ; as when once the coach-office is certain of a customer, his convenience is seldom a matter of great concern. Once at Calais, the traveller need be under no apprehension about a convey- ance to Paris ; it is as readily found as a coach from London to Dover. He generally, indeed, arrives in Calais in time to dine, and, should he be so disposed, to prosecute his journey that very evening. The price of the passage in the steam-vessels from Do- ver to Calais is 10s. 6d.; four-wheel carriages, three guineas; horses, one guinea. Coaches for Southampton, Brighton, Margate, and other places on the coast, leave the Spread- eagle, Gracechurch- street ; the Golden-cross, Charing-cross ; the Bell and Crown, Holborn ; the Bolt- in-Tun, Fleet- street ; and the Regent-circus, at least once every day ; and at most of these offices places may be secured by those who wish to travel by way of Brussels. During the summer months a steam-vessel plies twice or three times a-week between Brighton and Dieppe, and at intervals during the winter ; and another between Southampton and Havre, calling off Portsmouth for passengers, starts regularly twice a-week in summer, and once a- week in winter. The voyage between Brighton and Dieppe occupies about 10 hours; between Southamp- ton and Havre 12. The packets from London to Ostend, which start from the Custom House twice a-week during summer, perform the voyage in from fifteen to eighteen hours. All parcels sent to the Continent must have annexed to them a written declaration of their contents and value, and the name and address of the person sending them. FRENCH MONEY. Having proceeded thus far in his arrangements, the traveller should make himself familiar with the French coinage, which will not be a difficult task, as it is almost universally marked with its value. The following is a list of the pieces in circulation, with their value in English money. French Coinage. The Old Double Louis (47fr. 20c.) is equal to Double Napoléon, Double Louis , or Pièce de quarante francs Old Louis (23fr. 55c.) Napoléon or New Louis (20fr. ) Ecu (5fr. 80c. ) Five franc piece (pièce de cent sous) Two franc piece ( pièce de quarante sous) Thirty sous piece (pièce de trente sous) Franc (pièce de vingt sous) English Money. £ s. d. 1 18 11 1 13 4 • 0 19 42 0 16 8 0 5 0 0 4 2 0 1 8 0 I 3 0 0 • 0 0 22 • 0 0 1 • 0 0 02 Fifteen sous piece (pièce de quinze sous) Ten sous piece ( pièce de dix sous) Five sous piece (pièce de cinq sous) Two sous piece, or dix centimes Sou, or cinq centimes Pièce de six liards Pièce d'un liard · • 0 0 10 0 72 0 5 0 0 03% 0 0 0% The old double Louis, the old Louis, and the Ecu are not very frequently met with; pieces of 24 sous, 12 sous, and 6 sous exist, but are seldom or never seen. The law passed in 1829 for the recall of old silver coin has not yet been carried into execution ; fifteen and thirty sous pieces are not, however, considered a legal tender for more than 5fr. at a time. Á coin called six blancs , value 2½ sous, is sometimes talked of, but its existence is altogether imaginary. Bank notes of 500 and 1000 francs are also in circulation ; they may be cashed at the Bank of France, between the hours of nine and four (where the only expense is the three sous charged for the money-bag), or at the money- changers for a small per centage. FRENCH MONEY. The following Table of the Relative Value of English and FrenchMoney is calculated at 24fr. to the pound sterling. 73 £ s. d. 0 10 fr. £ 1 2 3 9 101112 1314 0 11301234DDC7B - 000 400000➖➖➖➖➖➖ .... S. d. fr. £ s. d. fr. 0 10 37 1 10 10 8 38 1 11 8 74 6 39 1 12 6 * 75 3 4 40 1 13 4 76 41 1 14 2 77 5 0 42 1 15 0 78 5 10 43 1 15 10 79 6 8 44 1 16 80 7 6 45 1 17 6 81 8 4 46 1 18 4 82 9 2 47 1 19 2 83 0 10 0 48 2 0 0 0 10 10 49 2 0 10 4300ëscn co∞∞ 3 8 4 9 84 3 10 85 3 10 10 8 50 2 1 8 86 3 11 15 0 12 6 51 226 87 3 12 16 0 13 4 52 2 3 4 88 3 13 4 17 0 14 2 53 2 4 2 89 3 14 2 18 0 15 0 54 2 5 0 90 3 15 19 0 15 10 55 2 5 10 91 3 15 10 101234RRIR 108642OURTROOT200 20 0 16 8 56 268 92 3 16 8 21 0 17 6 57 2 7 6 93 3 17 6 22 0 18 4 58 2 8 4 94 3 18 4 23 0 19 2 59 292 95 3 19 2 24 1 0 60 2 10 0 96 4 0 25 0 10 61 2 10 10 97 4 0 10 26 1 1 27 1 2 28 1 3 29 1 4 86420C 62 2 11 8 98 63 2 12 6 99 4 2 6 64 2 13 4 100 4 3 4 65 2.14 2 105 4 7 30 1 5 0 66 2 15 0 110 4 11 8 31 1 5 10 67 2 15 10 120 5 0 0 32 1 6 8 68 2 16 8 200 8 68 33 1 7 6 69 2 17 6 500 20 16 8 34 1 8 4 70 2 18 4 1,000 41 13 4 35 1 9 2 71 2 19 2 5,000 208 6 8 36 1 10 0 72 3 0 0 20,000 833 6 8 The exchange is generally about 5 per cent. higher. The difference is easy to add. 1'

6 FRENCH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

Table showing the value of English coins in French money at the ordinary course of Exchange. A Guinea is equal to Sovereign Crown Half-crown Shilling Sixpence 26fr. 47c. 25 20 5 80 2 90 1 16 60 FRENCH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

The system of Weights and Measures, on which all government and commercial operations are carried on, is called the Metrical or Decimal System. The METRE, from whence this system derives its name, and which is the fundamental basis of French weights and measures, is the ten-millionth part of a quarter of the terrestrial meridian.

In Long Measure, the Décamètre is 10 mètres, the Ki- lomètre 1000, and the Myriamètre 10,000. The Décimètre is the tenth, the Centimètre the one hundredth, and the Millimètre the one thousandth part of a metre. In Land Measure, the Are is 100 square mètres, the Centiare a square metre, and the Hectare 1000 square mètres. In Liquid Measure, the Litre contains a cubic décimètre, the Décalitre 10 cubic décimètres, and the Décilitre is the 10th part of a cubic décimètre. In Dry Measure, the Litre is a cubic décimètre ; the Kilolitre is 1000 cubic décimètres, or one cubic metre ; the Hectolitre is 100 , and the Décalitre 10 cubic décimètres. In Square Measure, the Stère is a cubic mètre, and the Decistère the 10th part of a cubic mètre. • Weights.-The Kilogramme is derived from the weight of a cubic décimètre of water at 4° of Reaumur above the temperature of melting ice ; the Quintal is 100 , and the Millier 1000 kilogrammes. The Hectogramme is the 10th, the Décagramme the 100th, the Gramme the 1000th, and the Decigramme the 10,000th part of a kilogramme. The metrical system of weights and measures was first introduced in 1795. It was, however, found inconvenient for retail transactions, and, in 1812, a new system, called FRENCH WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 7 the System Usuel, having the above standard for its basis, but divided according to the system in use before the French Revolution, was made legal for retail business, and further enforced by a royal decree, in 1816, which forbade the use of weights and measures decimally divi- ded. Thus the livre usuelle, or common pound weight of France, is equal to 1lb. 1oz. 10 % drachms avoirdupois ; the aune is about 3 feet 11 inches English, the toise is about 6 feet 634 inches English ; it is divided into pieds, pouces, etc., etc. The following tables of the comparative weights and measures of England and France are extracted from the "Annuaire du Bureau des Longitudes" for 1834. English. Inch Foot · Yard (imperial) French. LONG MEASURE . · 2.539954 centimètres 3.0479449 décimètres 0.91438318 mètre Fathom 1.82876696 mètre Pole or Perch ( 5½ yards) 5.02911 mètres Furlong (220 yards) . 201.16437 mètres Mile ( 1760 yards) French. Millimètre • Centimètre Décimètre · · · Mètre Myriamètre English. Square yard • 1609.3149 mètres English. 0.03937 inch 0.393708 inch 3.937079 inches 39.37079 inches 3.2808992 feet 1.093633 yard 6.2138 miles SQUARE MEASURE. rod or perch . rood (1210 yards) acre (4840 yards) French. Mètre carré Are Hectare· French. 0.836097 mètre carré 25.291939 mètres carrés 10.116775 ares 0.404671 hectare English. 1.196033 square yard 0.098845 rood 2.473614 acres ARRIVAL IN FRANCE. MEASURES OF CAPACITY. English. Pint French. 0.567932 litre Quart 1.135864 litre Gallon (imperial) 4.54345794 litres Peck (2 gallons) Bushel (8 gallons) Sack (3 bushels) Quarter (8 bushels) Chaldron ( 12 sacks) French. 9.0869159 litres 36.347664 litres 1.09043 hectolitre 2.907813 hectolitres 13.08516 hectolitres Litre Décalitre Hectolitre English Troy. Grain • Pennyweight Ounce • Pound (imperial) English Avoirdupois . Dram Ounce Pound ( imperial) Quintal ( 112 pounds) Ton (20 quintals) French. Gramme Kilogramme • English. 1.760773 pint 0.2200967 gallon 2.2009667 gallons 22.009667 gallons WEIGHTS." French. 0.06477 gramme 1,55456 gramme 31.0913 grammes 0.3730956 kilogramme French. 1.7712 gramme 28.3384 grammes 0.4534148 kilogramme 50.78246 kilogrammes 1015.619 kilogrammes English. 15.438 grains troy 0.643 pennyweight 0.03216 ounce troy ( 2.68027 pounds troy 2.20548 lbs. avoirdup. ARRIVAL IN FRANCE. On setting foot in France the traveller is immediately surrounded by a crowd of porters offering cards of ad- dress to the different hotels, and eagerly demanding to be employed in the conveyance of his bag or whatever other small parcel he may have in his hand. The stranger will ARRIVAL IN FRANCE . 9 do well to resign himself into the hands of one of these commissioners, who are strictly honest ; they will first pass him through the custom-house where his passport is de- manded of him, and where he undergoes a slight search, conduct him to their hotel, and afterwards return and look after his luggage. At Calais the traveller has to pay 2fr . for a temporary : passport, which serves him till his arrival in Paris. This passport will be demanded at every fortified town, and examined by the officer on duty. INNS.-If the stranger has been told of the dirty apart- ments and slovenly attendance at French Inns, he has, no doubt, been informed that living is generally cheaper in that country than in England. Though this information has, in reality, some foundation in fact, yet he is not to expect any thing like extraordinary cheapness between the coast and the capital. The inns of Calais and Boulogne, as well as those on his route are very fair specimens of extortion ; breakfasts and dinners generally costing from 3fr. 10 sous to 4fr. a- head, exclusive of the demands of the waiter. A change of knife and fork is a luxury not to be thought of during the whole course of a dinner or breakfast ; but this disagreeable singularity is amply compensated by the indispensable serviette, the numerous and well-cooked dishes, good table wine and copious dessert. The coffee is delightful beyond any thing an Englishman can anticipate. ASPECT OF THE COUNTRY. -The general aspect of the country creates something like a void in the English tra- veller's mind. The road is immensely wide, paved in the centre, and frequently skirted with fruit trees, without any fence to preserve them. The fruit, however, is far from tempting. No hedges, kept in neat repair ; no comfortable cottages ; the hamlets occasionally to be met with present- ing an aspect of poverty, and utter contempt of any thing like comfort, which is hardly to be redeemed bythe naked and crumbling appearance of here and there a solitary châ- teau. The number of mendicants on the way is astonishing, and their pitiful cries for charity excite sensations at once ludicrous and distressing. 10 TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. POSTING. Those who possess good strong travelling carriages will find it cheaper and infinitely more comfort- able to travel in them, than to hire vehicles in France. But it is, on many accounts, better for the traveller to leave his horses at home, and to employ post-horses on the road. Vehicles on four wheels, carrying three, four, or six persons, may be hired from Calais to Paris at from 120 to 130fr. , and a light and convenient cabriolet for two persons for 100fr. Carriages for long journeys are still more reasonable ; they may be had for about 10fr. a-day. On hiring a carriage it is necessary to have written on the receipt that all repairs required on the road are to be paid by the person who lets it. Posting is in the hands of government. As a book called the Livre des Postes, containing an alphabetical list of all the post-roads in France is published every year by au- thority, a stranger can never be deceived by postmasters or postilions. The Livre des Postes contains the following rules and regulations, and tables of the rates of posting: Regulations relative to Posting. -Postmasters appointed by the government are alone permitted to furnish horses to travellers. -The postmaster must reside at or near the post-house.-A postilion under 16 years of age cannot be hired. Travellers are requested to enter any complaint they may have to make against the postilion or master, in a book, kept at each post- house, which is regularly examined by the inspectors. -The postmaster is answerable for any accident that may occur from the carelessness of the postilion or restiveness of the horses . -Travellers are supplied in the order in which they or their couriers arrive no exception being made unless in favour of mails or couriers with government dispatches. —A carriage drawn by three horses can carry only 140lbs. of luggage ; 100lbs. behind, and 40lbs. before. -The charge for the distance from one post-house to another must be paid beforehand . -No post-carriage may pass another on the road, unless some accident happen to that which goes before. Each post shall be run in the space of an hour. TRAVELLING IN FRANCE . 11 TABLE OF THE PRICE OF POST-HORSES. NUMBER OF NUMBER OF PRICE PER PRICE PER PERSONS . HORSES. HORSE. POSTE. POSTI- LIONS. CHAISE OR CABRIOLET. 1 or 2 2 Ifr. 50c. 3fr. Oc. 50 50 |¦ 1 or 2 3 4 CALASH WITH ONE SEAT AND POLE. 2 Ifr. 50c. 3fr . Oc. 2 -- 50 6 CARRIAGE WITH TWO SEATS AND SHAFTS . 1 , 2, or 3 | 3 1fr. 50c. | 4fr. 50c. | 1 One franc extra paid for each person exceeding three. BERLINE OR CARRIAGE WITH TWO SEATS AND POLE. 1 , 2, 3, or 4 Ifr. 50c. 6fr. Oc. 6 - - 50 9 One franc per post extra must be paid for each per- son exceeding six ; more than six horses can not be put to a berline. A child of ten years of age and under is not reckoned ; but two children between the ages of three and ten count for one person. Ten sous per poste extra must be paid for each child between the ages of three and ten exceeding the number two. Children under three years of age are not reckoned in any case ; so that if there be found in the same carriage one child between the age of three and ten, and one or several children under the age of three, nothing is due for any of them. 12 FRANCE. TRAVELLING IN CALCULATION WHAT OFTRAVELLERS PAYOST MERS TO-. NUMBER HORSES OFAND THE PRICE .. DISTANCE . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. .8 9. 10. fr.c fr.c fr.c fr.c fr.c fr.c fr.c fr.c fr.c fr.c post 38 750 13 10 188 25 263 post 075 501 25 30 375 450 525 6 post 13 25 38 450 563 675 788 389 0 38 753 0 675 7.50 0 103 1125 1post 150 30 450 06 750 09 105 12 0 1350 15 1 post 188 375 563 750 938 1125 13 15 0 1688 1875 post 25 450 675 90 1125 5013 157 18 0 250 2250 post 263 525 788 105 13 157 183 21 0 236 265 2posts 30 6 0 09 120 150 180 210 24 0 270 300 posts 2% 38 6.75 103 1350 1688 250 236 27 0 308 3375 21%,posts 375 50 1125 0 1875 5022 265 30 0 3375 3750 23posts 413 825 1238650 2063 7524 882 33 0 3713 4125 3posts 450 90 1350 18 022 50 270 3150 36 0 405 450 3%posts 488 975 1463 1950 2438 295 3413 39 043 88 4875 posts 31%2½ 525 105 157 21 0 265 3150 3675 42 04725 520 3%posts 635 1125688 2250 2813375 38945 posts 4 60 0118 120 240 036 30 420148 05063625015460

TRAVELLING IN FRANCE .

3 CALCULATION WHAT OF TRAVELLERS PAYOSTILIONS TO. AND THE PRICE .NUMBER O FPOSTILIONS DISTANCE . .1 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. post ir.C. 19038 fr. c. fr.c 0 57 76 post 88 076 52141 post 1256 post 075 4X4 1%post 094 post 1 13 post 1 31 2posts 1 503 2 posts 1 69 2½posts 1 88 3 23posts 2 3posts 2 254 3%posts 448824 posts 2 26563 posts 812 posts 3 0 1112 2 ∞ ∞ IN CO 68 24 5025 0 8822 76 26 39 62 393 24 40 50 6 0 38 5 6 76 576 64 52 7414 21 288 50 75 0 7 32 76 7 891052 6 432145628 0 0 12 0 20123456TQDQB JOAN * ONKOLO fr.c 45 9 40 11 1415 。GEUNWANJARINBU 526550 286692336 50 5647886 25 1123466799-234 fr.c 14 0 10 112356790 .cfr fr.c 33 248 1346 i 52 58 052 91 94 17 10 48 50 120 140 8311 13 52 28136 154 351244 49 16 56 13505 75 18 64 17 8 19 52 602 15 1578 41 21 4 5 1686 19 67 2248 180 21 0 24 0 20 14 TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. Carriages of all descriptions, leaving England, pay a duty of 10s. in the 1007. value ; besides which, on landing in France, the owner is required to make a deposit of one third of whatever value he may put upon them. For this he receives a certificate empowering him to receive two thirds of the money deposited, provided the carriages leave France within three years, but the claim must be made within two years after they have been re-exported. Care must be taken not to expose them to seizure by es- timating them at a price evidently below their real worth. As all English carriages have poles, it will be advisable, if the company does not exceed three in number to have the poles replaced by shafts, by which one-third of the ex- pense of posting will be saved ; instead of four horses and two postilions, they will only have to pay for three horses and one postilion. Travelling by the MALLE POSTE is not only expeditious, but nearly as agreeable as travelling in a private carriage. The Calais mail carries three passengers, who are each allowed 50lbs. of luggage. The charge for each passenger is 30 sous per post. The FRENCH DILIGENCE, at first sight, appears uncouth to English eyes . It is, however, admirably adapted to French roads, and is very commodious for along journey ; almost all the passengers, of whom they generally carry 18, being accommodated with inside places. The seats are all numbered ; and the receipt given to the passenger indicates the seat he is to occupy. In order to prevent confusion, on entering the vehicle the conducteur, or guard, calls every one in his turn. These vehicles are driven by postilions, who are changed at every stage. The conducteur takes his place on the outside, dines with the passengers, and is, in general, civil and attentive. The price of a seat in these conveyances varies according to the season-45fr. for the coupé, 40fr. for the interior, and 30fr. for the rotonde and exterior, being the ordinary summer fares ; besides a gratuity to the conducteur and postilions, which is paid at the end of the journey, and which generally amounts to 9fr. The allowance for lug- gage is 40lbs. to each passenger ; and the charge for overweight is at the rate of 21fr. per cwt. TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. 15 ROUTES FROM CALAIS TO PARIS. There are no fewer than three routes from Calais to the French metropolis ; one by Abbeville and Beauvais, 32½ posts ; one by Amiens and Chantilly, 34½ posts ; and a third by St.-Omer and Amiens, 344 posts. 1. ROUTE BY ABBEVILLE AND BEAUVAIS. Haut Buisson . Marquise. Boulogne . Samer . Cormont . Montreuil Nampont . Bernay. Nouvion Abbeville . Airaines Camps . • · • • • • Posts. 1½ Poix . Granvilliers. Beauvais Posts. 12 · 1 • 13/4 134 Marseille . · • 2 • • 1 Noailles · · · 1% 21134 Puiseux · • • 12 Beaumont • • 14 1 Moiselles. • St. -Denis. • • • 1½ Paris • • 214 114 322 CALAIS is a fortified town, situated in the department of the Pas-de- Calais. The town is built of stone ; the streets are broad and straight, but dull ; their monotony being only interrupted by the noise of the machinery em- ployed in the stocking and lace manufactories- in which a considerable trade is carried on. The object most worthy of remark at Calais is the pier, which is of great length, and forms an amusing promenade-from whence the cliffs of Dover may be distinctly seen in clear weather. The ramparts, the barracks, the townhall, and lighthouse with revolving lamp, which in the performance of its evolu- tions throws a glare of light on a neighbouring tower, also deserve attention . The front of the Hôtel de Ville is orna- mented with busts of Cardinal Richelieu and the Duc de Guise. The church contains some chapels adorned with paintings. For more than two centuries Calais was in pos- session of the English. It surrendered to Edward III. in 1347, after a seige of 11 months, and was held till the year 1558, when it was retaken bythe Duc de Guise. It was again bombarded by the English in 1696, without sustaining much damage. It is more indebted to its situation than 16 TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. to its fortifications for its defence, being built in the midst of marshes, which may be overflowed on the approach of an enemy. The population of Calais, according to the last census, is 10,457, who, besides the manufacture of lace and stockings, find employment in fishing and navi- gation. The principal hotels are Dessin's, Quillac's, Rig- nolle's, and Meurice's. The traveller quits Calais by the Porte Royale, and the Faubourg St. - Pierre, an extensive and populous suburb. The road continues through Haut Buisson, Marquise, and Wimilles, over a succession of hills, which present inter- esting views of the sea, and from whence glimpses ofthe opposite coast of England may still be occasionally seen, to Boulogne. BOULOGNE-SUR-MER is a well-built and flourishing town of great antiquity. It is supposed to have been from this port that Julius Cesar embarked on his expedition against the Britons. It is divided into the High and Low Town. La Ville Haute is the favourite abode of the aristocracy of the place ; it is connected with La Ville Basse by a steep street called La Grande Rue, and sur- rounded by a rampart, which affords a fine prospect of the country in various directions ; and a view of the English coast in clear weather. In the Haute Ville is an English Protestant chapel where service is performed every Sunday. The harbour, which has lately undergone considerable repairs, is a very commodious one ; it is formed by the mouth of the little river Liane, and is de- fended by a pier. The air of Boulogne is considered healthy and invigorating ; the accommodations for sea- bathing attract annually a great number of visitors. The establishment for bathing is a splendid building, erected in 1825, and is divided into two parts ; that devoted to the ladies contains retiring, assembly, and music rooms. The division for gentlemen consists of assembly and billiard rooms, a library, etc. The bathing machines run a short distance into the sea, over the finest sandy beach, perhaps, in the world, being entirely free from gravel and flint. Boulogne possesses an agricultural society, a public li- brary containing 21,000 volumes ; one of the finest mu- seums of natural history and antiquities in France ; and, though but recently formed, a gallery of statuary that is TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. 17 any thing but despicable. There are also two public gar- dens and a theatre. On an eminence , about a mile from the town, near the Calais road, stands a marble column begun by Napoleon to commemorate his intended conquest of England. This monument was completed in 1821 , in honour of the restoration of the Bourbon dynasty. The chief trade of Boulogne is in gin, brandy, wine, tea, lace, and fine linens ; there is also a considerable traffic in fresh and salt fish. A steam-vessel plies between Boulogne and Dover every day. The chief inns are the Hôtels d'Angleterre, de France, des Bains, du Lion d'Or, and the Royal Oak. Boulogne contains 20,856 inhabitants, without counting the English. The road from Boulogne to Montreuil continues hilly, but presents no features of remarkable interest. The only village worth noticing is that of Samer. MONTREUIL, picturesquely seated on an ancient rock, was in ancient times a fortress of no small consequence, being supposed to be impregnable. It is accessible only on two sides. The streets are narrow and dirty. The object most deserving attention is the remains of the an- cient church of Notre- Dame.-Population 4,083. From this place the road passes through Nampont, and the forest of Cressy (a name interesting to Englishmen), to Bernay, and to Nouvion, a pleasant village, where the country begins to improve, and where the traveller may probably obtain the first glimpse of a vineyard, with the appearance of which he will certainly be disappointed. ABBEVILLE is seated on the river Somme, which is navigable to this town for vessels of 120 tons. There are manufactures of carpets, woollen cloths, and coarse and fine linens. The church of St.- Winnifred is the only building in the town worthy of particular notice ; the front is in a rich style of Gothic architecture . Abbeville possesses a small theatre, a library of 15,000 volumes, and a covered market-place. The ramparts afford an agreeable promenade. Inns : Hôtel d'Angleterre, Hôtel d'Europe, and the Tête de Bœuf. -Population , 19,162. Leaving Abbeville, where corn-fields begin to form a distinguishing feature of the landscape, the road passes through Airaines, Camps, Poix, Granvilliers, and Mar- seille, ta 2 * 18 TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. BEAUVAIS, the capital of the department of the Oise. It is a manufacturing town of some importance . The es tablishment for the manufacture of carpets and tapestry enjoys a reputation second only to that of the Gobelins. There are also manufactories of cloth, serges, flannels, and calico. The streets are in general broad, and some of the houses handsome. The Cathedral, a fine specimen of the Gothic architecture of France, and the church de- dicated to St.-Etienne, deserve attention ; in the former is a beautiful tomb to Cardinal Forbin, by Coustou. Beauvais has been several times besieged, but never taken- whence it has received the name of La Pucelle. When the Duke of Burgundy was before the town in 1472, the female part of the inhabitants took upon themselves a great share in the defence of the walls ; to this day a procession, in which the women take precedence, is held in commemoration of the prowess of one Jeanne Hat- chette, who, it appears, performed some prodigies of valour on this occasion. Beauvais has a public library containing 7,500 volumes. The principal inns are Le Cygne, L'Ecu, and L'Hôtel d'Angleterre. -Population, 12,867. Between Beauvais and Paris the only place worth notice is St. -Denis, forwhich see Environs of Paris. 2. ROUTE BY AMIENS AND CHANTILLY. Posts. Abbeville, as at p. 15. 1334 Ailly-le- Haut-Clocher. Picquigny Amiens Hébecourt • • 1 Posts. Clermont (Oise) Laigneville . • • 2 214 • Chantilly. 1½ Luzarches Ecouen St. -Denis 114 Flers Breteuil Wavignies • St. -Just 12 Paris 1½ 34 % From Abbeville to Amiens the general aspect of the country is dull and flat ; the villages through which the road passes present nothing worthy of remark. AMIENS, the chief town in the department of the Somme, dates its origin from a remote antiquity. It is an episcopal see, and the seat of a prefecture. The Cathe- dral is a chef- d'œuvre of Gothic architecture of the TRAVELLING IN FRANCE . 19 13th century ; the height of the nave and the delicacy of the pillars, 126 in number, excite universal admiration. Amiens is a well-built town ; and provisions of every kind being remarkably cheap, has induced some English families of small income to settle in the neighbourhood. Besides the ramparts which afford pleasant walks, there is a delightful promenade called La Hautoye. The Hôtel de Ville, in which the short-lived peace of 1602 was signed between England and France, was built by Henry IV. The Corn-Hall , the College, and the Palace once inhabited by this monarch, but now converted into ordi- nary dwelling-houses, should be noticed. Here are also a theatre, a garden of plants, a gallery of pictures, and a library containing 42,000 volumes. The chief manufactures are those of linen and woollen cloths, which occupy about 10,000 workmen. The best inns are L'Hôtel de la Poste, and the Hôtel de France. Population 45,000. From Amiens the road passes through Clermont, a romantically situated, but meantown, containing 2,700 inhabitants. CHANTILLY is famous for having been the residence of the illustrious house of Condé. The splendid palace and beautiful gardens, unfortunately, fell an early prey to the French Revolution. During the Restoration, however, they were repaired and embellished. The stables fortunately escaped the zeal for destruction, and these convey no mean idea of the former magnificence of the place ; by strangers they are sometimes mistaken for the palace itself. In this building is an enormous apartment 600 feet in length, which was formerly divided into 400 stalls . This town has manufactories of lace and printed cottons, and English earthenware. Population 2,500. 3. ROUTE BY ST. - OMER AND AMIENS. Posts. Ardres . 2 Frevent La Recousse 1 Doullens Posts. 122 St.-Omer . 2 Talmas. • Aire . Amiens • · • 13/4 2 Lillers . 1½ Paris, as at p. 18 . · 152 Pernes. 2 St.-Pol 12 344 20 TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. Leaving the route to Boulogne and Abbeville on the right, the road passes through Ardres, a small but strong town, containing 2000 inhabitants, to La Recousse and ST. -OMER, an ancient, large and well-built town, containing a Gothic Cathedral, in which is a good organ and a colossal figure known by the name of the Grand Dieu de Thérouanne. The churches of St.-Denis and St. - Sepulchre, also deserve attention. There is a manufactory of soap, and a salt- refinery ; and a considerable commerce is carried on in oil, wine, brandy, and coals. The public library contains 10,000 volumes. -Population 19,344. DIEPPE TO PARIS. There are two routes from Dieppe to Paris. One by Pontoise, 20 posts ; the other by Rouen and St. - Germain-- en-Laye, 244 posts. Unless pressed for time the traveller should choose the latter route, which leads through a most beautiful and luxuriant country. The diligence takes this road. Bois-Robert Pommereval Forges . . 1. ROUTE BY PONTOISE. Posts. 1/2 Chars Pontoise Gourney 22 Herblay St. -Denis . • Talmontier • 14 Paris • Gisors . • · • 1½ · Posts. 2 214 2 1 20 DIEPPE, department of the Seine Inférieure, is situated at the mouth of the river Arques. It is a handsome town, of great antiquity ; but some of the streets are narrow and filthy. This town is much frequented during the season as a watering-place. An elegant modern building has been erected on the road for the accommodation of seabathers ; it is light and airy, ornamented with Ionic columns, and possesses billiard and reading rooms.

is also an establishment for warm-bathing; to which is attached a concert-room where balls and concerts are given almost every evening during the season. In Dieppe there are two churches, one dedicated to St. -Jacques, and the other to St. - Remi, besides two or three chapels and a Protestant temple. St. - Jacques is a good specimen of Here TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. 21 Gothic architecture, and has a lofty tower. The castle, on an eminence on the west of the town, now serves for barracks ; it affords a fine view of the surrounding coun- try, but it is sometimes difficult to obtain access to it. The chief traffic of the town is in fish, which it sends in great quantities to the metropolitan market. The oyster beds are considered good. A trade in iron, coals, and wood, is also carried on. There are manufactories of lace and ivory toys. Vessels of 500 tons burden alone can enter the port-larger ships not being able to approach nearer than the outer roadstead. The dock will contain from 40 to 50 vessels. There are many good inns ; the Hôtel de Paris, and the Hôtel du Roi d'Angleterre, are amongthe best. The population, according to the last returns, was 16,016. About four miles from Dieppe are the picturesque ruins of the chateau d'Arques. The head-dress of the middle and lower classes of the women of Dieppe and the neighbourhood will particularly attract the attention of the stranger. Ridiculous as half a yard of cap appears at first sight, yet the grace with which it is worn, and the care taken to preserve the delicate whiteness of the muslin, soon reconcile the observer to the anomaly. Gournay is a small market town containing 3000 inhabitants ; it has manufactories of linen and leather, —and is renowned for its good butter. There are mineral springs in the vicinity. PONTOISE, seated at the confluence of the Viorne and the Oise, is divided into the Upper and Lower Town. The church of St.-Martin is a good specimen of architecture ; and in St. -Maclou is a fine painting of the entomb- ment of our Saviour. -Population 5,458. 2. ROUTE BY ROUEN AND ST. -GERMAIN- EN-LAYE. • • St.-Germain-en-Laye . Courbevoie . Osmonville Posts. 2 Tostes 1 % Mantes Meulan · • · Cambres • 1/2 Triel Rouen . 2 1½ Louviers . Paris Gaillon. • 13/4 Vernon 134 Bonnières 1½ Port St.-Ouen. · Posts. .. 12 1/2 134 244 22 TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. The road from Dieppe to Rouen is of the most picturesque beauty— not excelled , perhaps, by any in France. The numerous and populous villages, the enclosed and well-wooded country, and the cattle grazing in the open fields, are peculiar to this district, ROUEN is one of the largest commercial towns in France. It is the first city of the department of the Seine Inférieure, the see of an archbishop, and the seat of a prefecture. Rouen is seated in a hollow formed by three high and picturesque mountains. The streets, as in most ancient cities, are narrow, filthy and crooked, and many of the houses are built of wood. The Cathedral, a majestic pile of Gothic architecture, dates from the 11th century. It had originally two towers, one of which surmounted by a wooden spire covered with lead, 395 French feet in height, was destroyed by lightning in the year 1822 ; it is rebuilding in cast iron, and will, when completed, be 410 feet in elevation. The other tower, which is 236 feet high, affords a most enchanting panoramic view of Rouen and the surrounding country. The Abbey of St.-Ouen is also a light and elegant structure, distinguished by a beau- tiful spire. The other buildings worthy of observation are the Palace of Justice, the Mercers' and Drapers' Hall , the Corn Hall, the Custom House, the Exchange, the theatres, and the archbishop's palace. The boulevards are a pleasant promenade ; particularly that part of them called the Cours, which, being on the banks of the river, ac- quires a peculiar interest from the bustle and activity of commerce. The suburb of St. -Sever on the south side of the Seine, communicates with the city by a bridge of boats, 1,000 feet in length, which rises and falls with the tide. This ingenious fabric, resting upon 19 barges, is so contrived that by elevating a drawbridge the barge under- neath slips out, and the largest vessels pass without diffi- culty. In five minutes the boat is replaced in its former position. Rouen is noted as the birth-place of Corneille and Fontenelle. It has a Museum and Bibliotheque containing 40,000 volumes. There is a flourishing trade carried on in all sorts of calico and cotton goods, linen, shawls, bombazines, and other stuffs , which are manufac- tured from the raw material. The Hôtel Vatel and the "Hôtel de France are good inns. -Population 88,086. TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. 23 There are steam-boats on the Seine from Rouen to Paris, which perform the journey in three days. They are pleasant conveyances, particularly on this river whose verdant banks present at every point the most varied and picturesque landscapes. Porte St.-Ouen presents us with the most magnificent prospect which even this part of the country can produce. Vernon contains 5,888 inhabitants. It possesses a manufactory of velvet, and a celebrated mineral spring . Mantes possesses a noble Gothic church, which has suffered much from the effects of time. Here is a bridge of 39 arches over the Seine. Poissy and St.-Germain-en-Laye will be described in the Environs. ANOTHER ROUTE FROM DIEPPE TO PARIS. Rouen, as at p. 21 . La Forge Feret Bourg-Baudouin • Posts. 7 1½ Pontoise Herblay St.-Denis 134 Paris Thilliers 2 Magny . Bordeau de Vigny 1/2 Ecouis . 2 Posts. 2234 La Botte . Bolbec . Yvetot . Barentin HAVRE TO PARIS. Posts. 2 Rouen . Posts. 2 1 Paris, as at p. 21 174 254 214 10½ HAVRE, a flourishing sea-port at the mouth of the Seine dates its origin from the beginning of the 16th cen- tury. The streets are in general narrow, and the houses, except on the quays and in the principal streets, are dis- figured by frame-work. The church of Notre- Dame presents nothing remarkable in point of architecture, it has, however, a fine organ, the gift of Cardinal Richelieu. The harbour of this port is accessible with almost every wind, and the tide at every flowremains at high water mark between two and three hours. It is capable of sheltering more than 100 vessels of the largest size . There are 24 TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. three docks for merchantmen , -two of which, the Bassin de la Barre and the Bassin du Commerce, will each of them contain 200 vessels. The facilities afforded to this town by its magnificent harbour, and the ease with which, bymeans of the Seine and its numerous canals , it commu- nicates with the capital and so many departments of the interior, have enabled Havre to partake of its full share of that increase of commerce which has been so remarkable of late years. The citadel is on an eminence to the north-east ; and on the east, on a high cliff, are seated two lofty light-houses. The theatre is spacious and hand- some. There is a considerable trade in fish, oysters, lobsters , etc. There are also manufactories of tobacco, rope, paper, and lace. The public library contains 6,000 volumes. Population 23,816 ; exclusive of the suburb of Ingouville, through which is the only carriage entrance to the town, which counts 5,666 souls . The principal inns are Le Bien-Venu, L'Aigle d'Or, L'Hôtel d'Angleterre. There are steam-boats between Havre and Rouen which perform the passage in about eight or nine hours. ROTTERDAM TO PARIS. ROUTE FROM ROTTERDAM THROUGH ANTWERP AND BRUSSELS . Posts. Rotterdam to Stryensaas 3½ Posts. 12 12 Bonavy Moerdyk. 15 Fins . Cruystaerte . • 2 Peronne Coin d'Argent. 3½ Marché-le- Pot Anvers, or Antwerp . 34 Fonches 1 Malines, or Mechlin . 234 Roye 1 Vilvorde . 1½ Conchy- les - Pots . 1½ Bruxelles, or Brussels 14 Cuvilly . 1 Hal . 2 Gournay · . La Genette . 1% Soignies ½ Mons 2 Senlis . Boussu . 1% Bois-le-Lihus . Pont- St. - Maxence . La Chapelle Quiévrain Valenciennes Bouchain . 1 Louvres • ½ Bourget • 24 Paris · Cambray • 141½ 1/2 1 1½1% 12 5634 TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. 25 ROTTERDAM, on the Meuse, displays all the characteristics of a Dutch town, that is, every house turns its gable end to the front, and almost every street has its canal sufficiently large to admit ships of any burden to discharge their cargoes at the warehouse doors. The houses are lofty and painted of different colours. The Cathedral is one of the objects worthy of notice in this town : it has a fine organ. The house in which Erasmus was born is still shown, and on one of the bridges is a bronze statue to his memory. The chief trade is in butter, cheese, brandy, gin, tobacco, and leather. Principal inns : Boar's Head and Le Maréchal Turenne. -Population 66,000. Passage-boats for Antwerp start almost every hour, besides the diligence once a-day. ANTWERP, an ancient city on the Scheldt, once the chief mart of Flemish commerce, is now the second city in the kingdom of Belgium. The Cathedral is one of the noblest specimens of light Gothic architecture ; the beauti- ful fret-work of its pinnacles and lofty spire, which rises 460 feet above the pavement, is in a good state of preservation. It contains several of Ruben's master-pieces. Many of the other churches are likewise enriched with paintings which deserve the traveller's attention. In the church of St. James is the tomb of Rubens, and the front of the church of St. Charles Borromeo is much admired . The docks and arsenal are amongst the best in Europe. Ant- werp possesses a theatre, a botanical garden, and an academy of fine arts. There is a good trade in trinkets and flowers. The best inns are the Hôtel du Laboureur, and the Hôtel d'Angleterre. Population 72,000. The citadel was considered one of the strongest in Europe, and that it had some claims to its good reputation may be inferred from the fact that, in 1832, it resisted the immense material at the disposition of an imposing French force, for nearly three weeks. BRUSSELS, the capital of Belgium, is seated on the Senne. The streets are spacious and the houses lofty and well built. The Town- House is a Gothic edifice, with a lofty tower. The Cathedral and Notre Dame de la Chapelle contain curious pulpits, some specimens of painted glass, and some fine pictures. Brussels has a public library containing 80,000 volumes, a museum of natural 3 26 TRAVELLING IN FRANCE. history, a picture gallery, and a botanical garden. The Park, in which is the Royal Palace, and the fountains of the Sablon and the Mannekin , will also attract the stran- ger's attention. There is a canal from the Scheldt to Brussels navigable by vessels of 300 tons burthen ; and the great Bassin du Commerce is capable of containing 400 vessels. Brussels' lace is in great request. Coach-making is carried on to some extent. There is a good trade in corn, and oil expressed from grains . Its jewellery has a good reputation ; and its commerce in books and paper is daily increasing. Inns Hôtel de Belle Vue, Hôtel de Flandre, etc., etc.-Population 100,000 . Before pursuing his route to the French metropolis, the Englishman generally devotes a day to the examination of the field of Waterloo , which is about nine miles from Brussels. A mile from the village of Waterloo is the hamlet of Mount St. John. Here the forest of Soignies suddenly disappears, and the traveller by an easy ascent gains the elevated ground which was occupied by the British army. On this elevation an immense earthen mound, 200 feet in height, was constructed in 1825 in commemoration of the victory. On this ridge may also be perceived two monuments, one to the memory of Sir A. Gordon, and the other to some officers of the German Legion, who fell in the battle. Near the former monument stood a solitary tree, which formed the centre of the British position ; and as the Duke of Wellington made this his head-quarters during the greater part of the day, it was known by the name of the Wellington Tree. It has shared the fate of Shakspeare's Mulberry. The English, who are inveterate admirers of memorials, have cut it up root and branch, and deposited it in their museums and cabinets of curiosity. The British lines extended along this ridge. On the left they were defended by a hedge, and on the right, fol- lowing the direction of the ridge, they turned back to- wards Brussels, and were protected by a ravine. The French were posted on some opposite ridges running almost parallel to those of Mount St. John. The space between these elevations, occupied by a little valley, hav- ing numerous gentle windings and hollows, and varying in breadth from a quarter to half a mile, was the scene of ARRIVAL IN PARIS. 27 conflict. La-Haye- Sainte, the object of the second des- perate attack, and near which the action that decided the fate of the day took place between the Imperial Guards and the British, is close by the road , a little in front of the monuments already described. On the right, and nearly in the centre of the valley, is the chateau of Hougomont. On the left is the farm of La Haye, where the ground, becoming woody and irregular, presented a strong position for the termination of the British lines. La Belle Alliance is the position occupied by Napoleon during the greater part of the engagement, and the spot on which Wellington and Blucher met after the battle was won. The road from Brussels to the French frontier presents a succession of hills and valleys in a high state of cul- tivation. MONS is the chief town in the province of Hainault, and contains 22,000 inhabitants. It has a considerable commerce in corn, grains, woollens, linen, and leather. There are many coal mines in the neighbourhood. VALENCIENNES, on the confluence of the Scheldt and the Rhonelle, is celebrated for the siege it underwent at the commencement of the revolutionary war. Its high walls, deep ditches, and massive gates convey an idea of great strength. The citadel is the work of Vauban. The chief trade of the place is in corn, lace, batiste, linen, cotton, soap, nails, and sugar produced from beet root , of which there are 12 manufactories.-Population 18,953. ARRIVAL IN PARIS. PASSPORT REGULATIONS. -Within a few days after reaching Paris the stranger should present the temporary pass- port, with which he has travelled from the frontier, at the police - office ; for which, if he intends to make a stay of any length in Paris, a permis de séjour will be granted him. If the intention of the traveller be only to remain a few days in the capital, future trouble will be avoided, by having his original passport countersigned for the place he intends to visit. But the best plan is to leave the ar- rangement of this affair to the servants of the hotel. In his excursions through Paris and its environs the tourist should take his passport with him ; it will be useful in procuring him admission to the museums, bibliotheques, 28 HOTELS, LOdgings, etc. etc., and entitle him to many privileges which he could not otherwise obtain. Some days previous to leaving Paris for England the passport must be sent to the British Ambassador, No. 39, rue du Faubourg St. - Honoré, to be countersigned , which is always done between the hours of eleven and one, whence it must be transmitted to the police-office, where it is likewise countersigned . By having the passport made out for any of the frontier towns, as Calais, Dieppe, etc. , the traveller will not be directed to take his papers to the office of the Minister for Foreign Affairs , and will thus save himself 10fr. and some extra trouble. Should the traveller be going to any other country, his passport should be sent to the Ambassador of that country to be signed. HOTELS, LODGINGS, etc.-On arriving in a foreign coun- trythe first thing an Englishman looks for is a comfortable hotel. These in Paris are too numerous for the whole of them to find a place in these pages ; and though to men- tion a few of them may appear invidious, we cannot help noticing Meurice's, 42, rue de Rivoli , opposite the garden of the Tuileries , where the accommodations are in the best English style ; the Hôtel de Brighton, 30, Hôtel de Windsor, 38, and the Hôtel de Bath, 52 , are in the same street ; the Hôtel de Bristol, 5, place Vendome ; and the Hôtel du Prince Regent, rue St.-Hyacinthe St.-Honoré. In these hotels the traveller may pay for his apartment by the night or by the week. He is not even expected to take his meals there. But if the stranger wish to stay for some time in Paris and be of an economical disposition, he will find, in every quarter of the metropolis, furnished hotels, in which apartments may be had at from 25 to 50fr. per month, and in which every accommodation may be obtained. There are always cafés or restaurans in the neighbourhood, from which, if he desire it, he may have his breakfast or dinner served in his own apartment ; but connoisseurs will always prefer resorting to the restaura- teur's for the latter meal. If the visitor's intention be to make a long stay in Paris his most economical plan is to furnish an apartment or apartments, as he may require. Furniture may be pur- chased or hired at the upholsterers, or bought cheap at the second-hand shops. CAFÉS. 29 CAFÉS. The stranger never fails to be struck with the number and splendour of the cafés in the French metropolis. Without having seen them it would be impossible to form an idea of their magnificence ; and having seen them he wonders how they all find support. But a Pa- risian, even if he has an establishment of his own, frequently takes his breakfast in a coffee-house, returns at noon for his déjeuner à la fourchette-a meal in which all sorts of delicacies are served up with good wine ; and never neglects, after dinner, his delicious demi-tasse, and quiet game at cards or dominos. But the Parisians with establishments are not the only habitués : the lives of very 'many persons in this large city are almost entirely passed in the coffee-houses ; they appear regularly at breakfast, pore over the papers, take a stroll, or transact what few idle affairs they have on hand, take their dinner, and return to their billiards, chess, draughts, cards, and other amusements, and do not think of retiring to their humble lodgings till midnight announces the hour for repose. In the more respectable of these establishments the most per- fect order and decorum prevail, and ladies enter them without the least hesitation. In these coffee- houses, on elevated seats, richly attired, and frequently adorned with jewels, sits the mistress of the house, who directs the service, and greets each guest as he enters or takes his leave. AFrenchman never seats himself or quits the room without slightly touching or taking off his hat to her. The following are a few of the principal cafés. Café Foy, Café d'Or- leans, Café de Mille Colonnes, Café de la Rotonde, and the Café Valois, in the Palais Royal. On the Boulevards are the Café Tortoni , Café Hardy, Café des Panoramas, Café Anglais, and the Café Turc ; besides these should be men- tioned the Café de la Bourse, place de la Bourse ; Café de la Regence, place du Palais- Royal ; and the Café Procope, rue des Fossés- St.-Germain-des-Prés. This last café was formerly the rendezvous for literary characters. Voltaire, Rousseau, Fontenelle, with a host of epigrammatists and chansonniers frequently met here. It has not yet lost its literary reputation. Café Estaminet written over the entrance of a coffee-house implies that smoking is al- lowed ; of course society in such places is much more promiscuous. As a specimen of such establishments, we 3 * 30 RESTAURANS . -CABINETS DE LECTURE. would particularly recommend the famous estaminet Hollandais in the Palais Royal. RESTAURATEURS. -The eating- houses in Paris are as numerous as the cafés. The French live any where rather than at home ; and families having respectable establishments of their own frequently dine en ville. Ladies visit these establishments just as they do the coffee-houses. Many of these restaurans have what they call cabinets par- ticuliers, in which families or small parties may dine in private. The bill of fare frequently contains from two to three hundred dishes. The price of each dish, which varies considerably in the different houses, is invariably marked on the carte. The following are the principal esta- blishments of this kind : Lointier's, rue Richelieu, 104 ; Lenglet's, 26, same street ; Very's, Véfour's, and the Trois Frères Provençaux, in the Palais Royal ; Grignon's, rue Neuve-des - Petits- Champs ; the Cadran-Bleu, boulevard du Temple; the Rocher de Cancale, rue Montorgueil, 61 ; and the Vendanges de Bourgogne, near the canal St. -Martin. Besides the above, and a great number of second- rate houses, in different parts of the town, are a number of esta- blishments which provide dinners at a certain sum per head, as 22, 32, and 40 sous . These dinners consist of a soup , three dishes of meat chosen from a carte containing a varied assortment of fish, flesh, fowl, and made dishes- together with a dessert, bread at discretion, and half a bottle of wine; the dinners at 22 sous, however, cannot be recom- mended-besides, they only consist of two plates, and the wine is diminished in quantity and quality. Persons fond of made dishes will enjoy them in their highest perfection in the first-rate eating- houses of this capital. The epi- cure will dine here more luxuriously than he could in London for the same charge ; but English travellers are not all of them epicures, and frequently regret their roast joints and more simple cookery. For the information of persons of this class we must not neglect to mention a table- d'hôte kept by an Englishman of the name of Woods, in the rue Favart, and Lucas's eating-house, in good Eng- lish style, rue de la Madeleine, 16. There are other Eng- lish houses of an inferior description. CABINETS DE LECTURE, or Reading Rooms, where ex- tensive libraries, and all sorts of journals and new publi→ DILIGENCES, ETC. 31 " cations, are at the disposition of the public for a trifling gratuity per séance, or for a small monthly or annual subscription, are very numerous in Paris. There are also several English establishments of the kind, amongst which must be noticed Bennis's French, English, and American Library, 55, rue Neuve- St.-Augustin, and Galignani's Reading-Rooms, 18, rue Vivienne ; both of which establishments are well provided with English, American, French, German, Spanish, and Italian journals . English papers may also be read at Madame Collie's, 17, rue de la Paix; in the Palais Royal, at the Cercle Littéraire, 88, galerie de la Rotonde ; at the Salon Littéraire, galerie de Valois , 156, which possesses a rare collection of old journals, amongst others a complete file of the " Journal des Jacobins," that the Bibliotheque Royale cannot procure ; at the Tente, galerie de Pierre, No. 6 ; and in almost every other esta- blishment of the kind in this neighbourhood. DOMESTICS . -Active and intelligent servants, called Valets de Place, well acquainted with Paris, may be hired in al- most every furnished hotel, at from 5 to 6fr. per day. COMMISSIONERS. -At the corners of almost every street in Paris are found people who bear the title ofCommissioners-they do commissions, bear burdens, or clean shoes, as chance favours them with employment. They are in general natives of the provinces, mostly from Auvergne. They demand a very moderate sum for their services, va- rying from 10 to 40 sous, according to the distance or the burden they have to bear. They are laborious, honest, and faithful. Should the stranger at any time lose his way, a thing not uncommon in the streets of Paris, he need have no hesitation in addressing himself to these Commissioners, who are uniformly civil and obliging. DILIGENCES, CONVEYANCES TO THE ENVIRONS, FIACRES, OMNIBUSSES, ETC. DILIGENCES to all parts of France and Europe start daily fromthe Messageries Royales, 22, rue Notre-Dame- des-Vic- toires, and from Laffitte, Caillard, and Co's. , 128, rue St.- Honoré. A diligence to CALAIS , by Beauvais, from the Mes- sageries Royales, leaves the office daily at 8 o'clock in the morning ; and another every other day, by St.-Omer, at five in the evening. From Laffitte and Co's. , also, there 32 MALLES-POSTES. -STEAM- BOATS. is a conveyance every morning at eight o'clock by Boulogne, and every other day at half-past four in the evening by St.-Omer. To ROUEN, and by correspondence to DIEPPE, two diligences start every morning at six o'clock, from the Messageries Royales, one by Magny, the other by Mantes ; and another from Laffitte's, by Louviers, every evening at seven. And from the rue du Bouloi, No. 9, no fewer than three diligences start daily for Rouen, one at eleven o'clock at night by Magny, and two at six in the evening, one by Mantes and the other by Gisors. A diligence for HAVRE starts every day at a quarter to six from the Messageries Royales, another at the same hour from Laffitte's ; and a third every evening at six o'clock, from No. 9, rue du Bouloi. A diligence for Rouen, corresponding with Havre and Dieppe, etc. , also leaves No. 53, rue Montmartre every evening at seven o'clock. MALLES-POSTES . -Besides the above, 13 mails leave Paris every evening for the following destinations : Calais, Lisle, Mezières, Strasbourg, Besançon, Lyon, Clermont, Tou- louse, Bordeaux, Nantes, Brest, Caen, and Rouen, each of which will contain three passengers, who pay at the rate of 30 sous per post. STEAM-BOATS. -Iron steam-boats for the transport of passengers and merchandise to Rouen and Havre, leave the Port St.-Nicholas twice in every week, but not on fixed days. The office is place du Doyenné, Carrousel, No. 3.— A steam-boat for St. -Cloud leaves the quay near the pont des Arts, on the fête-days of St. -Cloud, and occasionally during the summer months. -In summer a steam-boat for Montereau, and the intervening villages on the upper banks of the Seine, leaves the quai de Grève every day ; and every other day during the spring, autumn, and winter. COCHES DE HAUTE SEINE, rue Bretonvillers, No. 1 , ile St. -Louis. -Covered boats, for Auxerre and Nogent, leave Paris at eight o'clock in the morning from the 1st of Oc- tober to the 31st of March, and at seven o'clock from the 1st of April to the 30th of September ; on Sundays for Nogent, on Wednesdays for Auxerre. These boats travel but slowly. The conveyances to the towns in the vicinity of Paris, like those which circulate in the interior, are very numerous, and cheap, and some of them even comfortable. CONVEYANCES TO THE ENVIRONS. 33 The following list will be found useful. For other con- veyances see Environs of Paris. Rue de Rivoli, No. 4-Voitures for Versailles every 20 minutes from half-past 6 in the morning till a quarter past 9 in the evening. Rue Marboeuf, No. 3—Accélérées for St. -Germain, Ver- sailles, Courbevoie, Neuilly, Argenteuil, Passy, etc. The bureaux are 2, rue de Rohan, for St. Germain ; 2, rue de Rivoli, and 1, rue St.-Nicaise, for Versailles ; 4, rue de Rivoli, for Courbevoie, Neuilly, and Argenteuil ; and 8, rue Valois Batave, for Passy. Rue de Rohan, No. 6-Voitures for St.-Cloud every hour from 8 in the morning till 9 in the evening. Faubourg St.-Denis, No. 12-Célérifères for St. -Denis every half hour, from 8 in the morning till half-past 11 at night. Voitures for Enghein and Montmorency three times a-day. Place Dauphine, No. 1 -Voitures for Meudon, Issy, and Vaugirard five times a-day. Rue des Vieux Augustins, 13-Conveyances every day at 7 in the evening, fo Chartres, Vendôme, Rambouillet, Nogent le Rotrou. Rue Dauphine, No. 26 -Conveyances to Fontainebleau, every day at 8 in the morning, and 9 in the evening. For Nemours and Montargis at 6 in the evening. Rue des Tournelles, No. 17-Frequent conveyances in the course of the day for Charenton, Alfort, and Conflans . Besides the above there are cabriolets, etc., with one or two horses, and with four to eight places, for the environs of Paris-from the place de la Concorde, for Versailles, Sèvres, St. -Cloud, St.-Germain, Neuilly, Nanterre, etc.; from the faubourg St.-Denis, for St.- Denis, Montmorency, etc.; from the place de la Bastille, for Vincennes, Charenton, Maison, Boissy- St. -Leger, Grosbois, etc.; and from the place St.-Michel, for Sceaux, Montrouge, Antony, Limours, Palaiseau, Linas, etc. VOITURES DE REMISE may likewise be hired, at from 25 to 30fr. a-day- or at from 450 to 600fr. per month. They go a certain distance out of town, but must be back before midnight, unless particular agreement be made. The Cabriolets de Remise may be hired from 15 to 18fr. per day, or from 300 to 450fr. per month. 34 FIACRES. -OMNIBUSSES . The FIACRES (Hackney-coaches) , CABRIOLETS, etc. circu- lating in the interior of Paris, are under very strict police' regulations. The Bureau de Voitures Publiques is 31 , rue Guénégaud, where, from 9 in the morning till 4 in the afternoon, are clerks instructed to receive any important declarations, There is also a box at the door for the reception of reports , complaints, and letters relative to the service. It is at this bureau that articles forgotten in these vehicles should be reclaimed . The price of the drive, of whatever length, between the barriers, is, for the Fiacre (which will contain four persons) 30 sous, for the Cabriolet ( containing two persons, besides the driver) 25 sous. They may be taken by the hour, when the prices are for Fiacres, the first hour 45 sous, for every succeeding hour 35 sous ; for Cabriolets, the first hour 35 sous, succeeding hours, 30 sous. From midnight to six in the morning, the price of the course is, Fiacres, 40 sous, Cabriolets, 35 sous ; of the hour, Fiacres, 3fr. , Cabriolets, 2fr. 10 sous. -It is customary to give a few sous to the driver, but he cannot exact them. In getting into one of these vehicles it is necessary to state whether you hire it for the course or for the hour. In the latter case, the traveller and driver should compare their watches ; after the first hour, the time is paid for by fractions. It is prudent to notice the number of the vehicle you engage.— Some ofthe cabriolets occasionally perform the course for 20 sous, at which times they display a card on which the price is conspicuously marked. In almost every part of Paris, but more particularly in the opulent quarters, generally stationed under portes co- chères, are Cabriolets of a more respectable appearance , which are not numbered. They generally demand five sous per hour, or per course, above the ordinary tariff. LES OMNIBUS, DAMES BLANCHES, etc.-These vehi- cles, established in 1828, afford an easy and economical communication between distant parts of the capital. They are in constant activity from 8 o'clock in the morning till 11 at night. They are for the most part drawn by two horses, and contain fourteen side seats. The price from one station to another is six sous. These conveyances stop in the course of their route to take up and set down passengers. The following itinéraire of their routes DAMES-BLANCHES. -FAVORITES. 35 will be found useful-they return always by the same streets :- OMNIBUS. -1 . From the boulevard des Filles du Cal- vaire to the barrière du Roule, by the rues de Bretagne, Corderie, Phelippeaux, Royale, Grenetat, Petit-Lion, Pavée, Montorgueil, Trainée, du Four, St.-Honoré, Valois-Batave, Rivoli, St.- Nicaise, St.-Honoré, and Faubourg St.-Honoré. -2. From the place du Carrousel to Passy, by the Champs-Elysées . -3. From the place St.- Sulpice to the rue Grange Batelière, by the rue du Vieux-Colombier, le Carrefour de la Croix- Rouge, the rues du Dragon, Taranne, des Sts . -Pères, the quai Voltaire, the pont Royal, the Carrousel, and the rue Richelieu. -4. From the Madeleine to the Bastille, by the boulevards . -5. From the boulevard des Filles du Calvaire to the barrière du Trône, by the boulevards and the rue du Faubourg St. -Antoine . 6. From the barrière du Trône to Vincennes. DAMES BLANCHES. -1 . From la Villette to the place St.- André- des- Arts, by the faubourg and rues St. -Martin, des Arcis, the pont Notre-Dame, the quai aux Fleurs, the rue de la Barillerie, the pont St. -Michel, and the rue St.- André-des-Arcs. -2. From the Carrousel to the Bastille, by the quays, the place de Grève, and the rue St. -Antoine. -3. From the Pont-Royal to the ponts de la Gare et de Bercy, passing by the quays on the left bank of the river, by the Entrepôts des Vins, and the Garden of Plants . FAVORITES.-J . From the place Dauphine to Vaugirard, by the rues Dauphine, de Bussy, and du Four, the CroixRouge, the rue and barrière de Sèvres. -2. From the barrière d'Enfer to la Chapelle, by the rue d'Enfer, the place St.-Michel, the rue de la Harpe, the pont St. - Michel, the rue de la Barrillerie, the pont au Change, the place du Châtelet, the rue and porte St.-Denis, and the faubourg and barrière St. -Denis.-3. From the faubourg Montmartre to the Gobelins, by the faubourg Montmartre, the rues Montmartre, du Jour, des Prouvaires, de la Monnaie, the Pont-Neuf, the place Dauphine, the rue Harlay, the quai des Orfèvres, the pont St.- Michel, the rues de la Vieille-Bouclerie, St.- Severin, St.- Jacques , des Noy- ers, St. -Victor, du Jardin- du- Roi, near the Marché aux Chevaux, and the rues Censier and Mouffetard . -4. From the faubourg Poissonnière to the place de l'Ecole-de-Mé 36 TRICYCLES . -CITADINES . decine, by the faubourg, the boulevard, and the rue Pois- sonnière, the rues de Cléry and du Mail, the place des Victoires, the rues Croix-des -Petits- Champs, St. -Honoré, du Coq, the place du Louvre, the quai de l'Ecole, the Pont-Neuf, the rue Dauphine, the carrefour Bussy, and the rues St.-Germain-des- Prés, and de l'Ecole- de-Médecine. -5. From Vaugirard to the Madeleine, by the Croix- Rouge, the carrefour Bussy, the Pont-Neuf, the Pointe- St.-Eustache, the place des Victoires, the rues Neuvedes-Petits-Champs, de la Chaussée - d'Antin, St.-Lazare, etc. TRICYCLES. - 1. From the boulevard des Capucines to the place de la Bastille, by the rue Neuve- St. -Augustin, the place de la Bourse, the rue Neuve- des-Victoires, the place des Victoires, the rues Coquillière, Coq- Heron, Jussienne, Montmartre, Tiquetonne, Petit- Lion-St. - Sau- veur, aux Ours, Grenier-St.- Lazare, Michel -le- Comte, Vieilles-Haudriettes, des Quatre-Fils,Vieille-rue- du-Temple, the rues des Francs-Bourgeois, the place Royale, and the rue St.-Antoine. -2. From the Porte-St.-Denis to the boulevard des Invalids, by the rues de Cléry, du Mail, the place des Victoires, the rues Croix-des-Petits-Champs, Montesquieu, Bons-Enfans, St.-Honoré, the place du Palais-Royal, rue de Chartres, place du Carrousel, and the rues du Bac and de Sevres. CITADINES .-1 . From the place du Palais-Bourbon to the faubourg St.-Martin, by the rue de Bourgogne, the pont et place de la Concorde, the rues de Rivoli, 29 Juiìlet, Marché- St.-Honore, d'Autin , Neuve- St. -Augustin, Filles- St.-Thomas, the place de la Bourse, the rues Jo- quelet, Montmartre, Neuve- St. - Eustache, Bourbon- Ville- neuve, du Caire, St.-Denis , Tracy, and Ponceau. - 2. From the place des Petits-Pères to Belleville, by the place des Victoires, the rues Fossés-Montmartre, Montmartre, Cadran, Montorgueil, St.- Sauveur, St. -Denis, Grenetat, St.- Martin, Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, du Temple, and faubourg du Temple. -3. From the place de Grève to Belleville, bythe rues du Mouton, de la Tixeranderie, des Coquilles, de la Verrerie, Bar-du- Bec, Ste. -Avoie, du Temple, and Faubourg du Temple. ECOSSAISES. From the boulevard Montmartre to the rue des Fossés- St.- Victor, by the rues Montmartre , Neuve- St. - Eustache, Bourbon-Villeneuve, du Caire, St. -Denis , BÉARNAISES, ORLÉANAISES, ETC. 37 aux Ours, St.-Martin , Grenier- St. -Lazare, Michel- leComte, Ste. -Avoie, Ste. - Croix-de-la-Bretonnerie, Vieille- rue-du-Temple, St.-Antoine, de Jouy, des Nonnaindières, the ile St.-Louis, the quai de la Tourelle, and the rue Fossés- St. -Bernard. BEARNAISES.-1 . From theplace de la Bourse to the place St.-Sulpice, by the rues Vivienne, Neuve- des- Petits- Champs, de l'Arbre-Sec, Fossés-St. - Germain- l'Auxerrois, de la Monnaie, the Pont-Neuf, and the rues Dauphine, de Bussy, de Seine , and du Petit-Bourbon. -2 . From the Bastille to Gros-Caillou, bythe rues St. -Antoine, Fourcy, the ile St.-Louis, the port de la Tournelle, the rues des Bernardins, St. Victor, des Noyers, St. -Jacques, des Ma- thurins, de l'Ecole de Médecine, the carrefour de l'Odéon, the rue du Petit-Bourbon, the place St.- Sulpice, and the rues du Vieux-Colombier, du Dragon, and St. -Dominique, as far as the esplanade of the Invalids. DILIGENTES . From the Marché St. -Jean to the Chaussée-d'Antin, by the rues de la Verrerie, des Lombards, St.-Denis, de la Ferronnerie, St. -Honoré, the place du Palais- Royal, the rue et marché St.-Honoré, and the rue Louis-le-Grand. ORLÉANAISES . -1. From the place du Louvre to the barrière de l'Etoile and to Neuilly, by the rues du Coq- St.-Honoré, St.- Nicaise, de Rivoli, the place de la Concorde, and the Champs-Elysées -to Neuilly is four sous extra. -2. From the place du Louvre to Bercy, by the quays. BATIGNOLLAISES. -From the Cloitre - St.-Honoré to the barrière de Clichy, the Batignolles, and Monceau, by the rues St.-Honoré, St.-Roch, Gaillon, Port-Mahon, Louisle-Grand, de la Chaussée-d'Antin, and Clichy. 38 PLAN FOR VIEWING PLAN FOR VIEWING PARIS IN SIX DAYS. The first thing to be done by a stranger towards acquiring a knowledge of Paris is to study well his plan or map of the town. He will perceive that it is divided by the Seine into two unequal parts ; and that it is completely sur- rounded by a wall and exterior boulevard . Paris is divided into 12 municipal arrondisements, of which nine are on the north bank of the Seine and three on the south. Each of these arrondisements is subdivided into four quarters. The name is almost invariably inscribed at the corner of every street, generally even at the intersection of every street. Another regulation greatly facilitates the progress of the stranger in the streets of Paris ; he will perceive that the numbers of the houses, and sometimes the names of the streets, which run towards the Seine, are inscribed with black letters on a red ground , and that the numbering of the houses commences at the point nearest to the river ; that the numbering of the streets which run parallel with the Seine are inscribed with white on a black ground, and that their commencement is fixed at their most eastern point-the point of the entrance of the Seine into Paris. A person who enters a street at its commencement finds the even numbers of the houses on his right hand, and the uneven on his left ; so that if in one of the perpendicular streets the stranger observes the numbering of the houses to decrease, he knows that he approaches the Seine, if the numbering increases he is going from it ; if the series of numbers increases in the parallel streets, he advances towards the west ; if they decrease he is going eastward. The stranger's best plan for seeing the objects most worthy of notice within the week, will be, instead of run- ning indiscriminately from one point to another, to endea→ vour each day to see as many as are contained in one, two, or three arrondisements. In the following list the public buildings, etc. are marked down according to the arron- disement in which they occur. They may be visited in the following order : — FIRST DAY. First Arrondisement. -—Theatre of the Vaudeville Louvre, with the Gallery which unites it to the Tuileries- PARIS IN SIX DAYS. 39 Triumphal Arch of the Carrousel-Palace and Garden of the Tuileries-Church of the Abbé Châtel, ancient Bazar St. Honoré-Place Vendome, and Column-Timbre Royal, rue de la Paix-The Mineral Water Baths of Tivoli-Nouvelle Quartier de l'Europe-The Madeleine-Eglise de l'Assomption-Hôtel of the Minister of Marine-Place de la Concorde-Pont de la Concorde, with its Statues -ChampsElysées -Elysée Bourbon-Place Beauveau-Collège Bour- bon-Eglise St.-Louis-Hôtel of the British AmbassadorEnglish Church- Expiatory Chapel, rue d'Anjou-Church of St.-Philippe-du-Roule- Chapelle Beaujon-Hôpital Beaujon -Parc de Monceau-Abattoir du Roule-Church of St.- Pierre, at Chaillot-Institution Périne-Triumphal Arch of the Etoile-Quartier Nouvelle Athènes-The Steam Engine at Chaillot-Pont de l'Ecole Militaire-Quartier François Premier-Royal Manufactory of Mosaic Work, 24, quai de Billy-Idem of Poplins, Lustres, 50, same quay-Cours la Reine. SECOND DAY. Second Arrondisement. -Palais Royal-Théâtre du Palais Royal-Théâtre Français-Church of St. Roch- Biblio- thèque Royale-Marché St. - Honoré-Théâtre Italien-- Frascati's-Bourse and Tribunal de Commerce-Théâtre de l'Opéra Comique-Expiatory Chapel, rue Richelieu-French Opera-Garde Meuble de la Couronne-Théâtre des Va- riétés-Chinese Baths-Church of Notre-Dame- de-Lorette -Abattoir Montmartre Cemetery of Montmartre. Third Arrondisement . -General Post-Office, rue J. -J.- Rousseau-Place des Victoires, and Statue of Louis XIV. -Marché St. - Joseph-Messageries Royales-Eglise des Petits-Pères-St.-Eustache-Notre-Dame- de- Bonne-Nou- velle-Prison de St.-Lazare-Théâtre du Gymnase Drama- tique-Quartier Poissonnière. Fourth Arrondisement. -Bank of France-Halle au Blé --Marché et Fontaine des Innocens-Halle au DrapsLouvre-Church of St. Germain-l'Auxerrois-Bazar Montesquieu-Pont des Arts-Pont-Neuf-Bains Vigier -Pontau-Change-Place du Châtelet-Fontaine du Palmier- Protestant Church, Oratoire, rue St. Honoré. THIRD DAY. Fifth Arrondisement. -Porte- St.-Denis-Porte - St.-Mar- 40 PLAN FOR VIEWING tin-Vauxhall d'Eté-Théâtre du Porte- St. -Martin- Chateau d'Eau, boulevard de Bondi-Diorama, boulevard St.- Martin-Hospice des Incurables Hommes-Plate Glass Manufactory-Barrière du Combat-Jardin des Montagnes Françaises Church of St. -Laurent-Basin of the Canal de l'Ourcq-Church of St. -Vincent- de-Paule. Sixth Arrondisement. - Tower of St. - Jacques- de-la- Boucherie-Marché St. - Jacques- de- la- Boucherie-Eglise St. -Leu-Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers -Marché St.- Martin-The Jew's Synagogue- Convent of the Temple- Marché du Temple-Church of Ste . - Elisabeth-Cirque Olympique-Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique- Théâtre de la Gaiété-Bains Turcs- Church of St. -Nicholas- des-Champs -Prison of the Madelonnettes. FOURTH DAY. Seventh Arrondisement. -Royal Printing- Office- Royal Archives--Mont- de-Piété-Waterworks of the Pont NotreDame-Eglise St. - Merry-Lutheran Protestant Church, rue des Billettes -Prison de la Force -Marché St.- Jean- Eglises des Blancs -Manteaux, St.-François- d'Assize, and St.-Denis. Eighth Arrondisement. -Place Royale and Statue-Abattoir Popincourt- Cemetery of Père la Chaise- Barrière du Trône-Hôpital St. -Antoine -Hospice des Orphelins- Hospice des Quinze-Vingts -Eglise St. Ambroise- Eglise St. Antoine-Eglise Ste. - Marguerite-Marché Beauveau-Mar- ché St.-Paul-French Protestant Church-Place de la Bastille and Elephant- Boulevard Beaumarchais - Pont du Jardin des Plantes. FIFTH DAY. Ninth Arrondisement. - The Marché aux Fleurs-Cathédral de Notre-Dame- Hôtel- Dieu-The Morgue- Pont de la Grève Hôtel de Ville -Bibliothèque de la Ville-Eglise St.-Gervais-Eglise de St.- Paul et St. -Louis- Collège Char- lemagne-Protestant church of the Visitation-Bibliothèque de Monsieur-Grenier de Réserve. Twelfth Arrondisement. -Halle aux Veaux-Halle aux Vins-Churches of St. -Medard, St.- Nicholas-du-Chardon- net, and St. - Jacques- du- Haut-Pas-The Horse MarketThe Gobelins-Prison of St.-Pélagie-Hôpital de la Pitié- Hospice de la Salpétrière-Abattoir d'Ivry-Garden of Plants-Musée d'Histoire Naturelle-Pont d'Austerlitz- PARIS IN SIX DAYS. 41 Collège Louis- le-Grand- Collège Henri IV. -Collège de France-Hospital for the Deaf and Dumb--Hôpital Cochin -The Val-de-Grâce-Observatory-Pantheon-Library of Ste. -Geneviève-Church of St.- Etienne- du-Mont-Poly- technic- school-The Catacombs. SIXTH DAY. Tenth Arrondisement.- Pont des Arts-Palais de l'Institut-Bibliothèque Mazarin-Hôtel de la Monnaie- Musée d'Artillerie-Eglise de l'Abbaye- aux- Bois- Prison de l'Abbaye-Church of St. Thomas d'Aquin-Hôpital de la Charité Fontaine de Grenelle-Palais du Légion d'Honneur-Cham- ber of Deputies-Palais Bourbon-Hotels of the Ministers of War, of the Interior, etc. -Steam Engine at Gros Caillou -Royal Snuff Manufactory- Eglise de St. -Pierre-du-Gros- Caillou- Champ-de-Mars- Ecole Militaire-Hôtel des Invalids-Abattoir de Vaugirard-Hôpital de Madame Necker -Hospice des Incurables Femmes-Eglise de St.-François- Zavier-Eglise St.-Valère. Eleventh Arrondisement. -Palais des Thermes-Eglise St.-Severin-Collège St. - Louis-The Sorbonne- Barrier and Cemetery of Mont-Parnasse-Théâtre de l'OdéonThe Gardens, Gallery, and Palace of the Luxembourg- Chamber of Peers-Church and Seminary of St. - Sulpice- Church of St.-Germain-des- Prés Marché St. - GermainSchool of Medicine-Fontaine d'Esculape-Marché des Augustins-Pont- Neuf, Statue of Henry IV. -Place Dau- phine-Fontaine Dessaix-Palais de Justice- Sainte- Chapelle-Préfecture de Police- Prison of the Conciergerie. 4* PARIS GUIDE. HISTORICAL SKETCH OF PARIS. The origin both of Paris and its first inhabitants is in- volved in the profoundest obscurity. Fifty years before the Christian era, Julius Cesar discovered in the island, which has since become the city properly so called, a miserable village, called by the Gauls Loutonhezi, that is to say, dwelling in the midst of the waters. The inhabitants, who were skilful in the arts of navigation and fishing, were called Parisii. At the time of the conquest of Gaul by Julius Cesar, they formed one of the 64 tribes of the Gallic confederation. The waters of the Seine, over which they had already constructed two bridges, served as a protec- tion to the rude huts of these fierce Gauls. On the banks of the river, where now stand sumptuous palaces and magnificent monuments, were only gloomy forests or impene- trable morasses. In those days it was not easy to foresee that this insignificant village would one day rival Thebes in its splendour, surpass Athens in its luxury, and in its frivolity, as well as in its love of science and art, and become the capital of one of the most powerful kingdoms in Eu- rope. Cesar, who convoked here an assembly of the Gallic tribes to deliberate upon their respective interests, named it Lutetia Parisiorum. On the return of their conqueror to Italy, the indignant Gauls broke out into universal re- volt, and forming a league to shake off their yoke, were joined by the Parisians . Jealous, however, of each other, they had neglected to concentrate their forces, and fell, one after the other, an easy prey to the discipline of the Roman legions. Labienus was already conqueror of more than twenty tribes when he appeared before the walls of Paris. Twice was he repulsed by the fierce and warlike valour of its inhabitants . But master of Melun and both HISTORICAL SKETCH OF PARIS . 43 banks of the Seine, he constructed boats, filled them with his soldiers, and made preparations for a descent upon the city. The Parisians, however, burning their houses, and abandoning the smoking ruins, posted themselves on the neighbouring heights, and there waited the issue of the combat. A fierce and bloody struggle ensued, in which the Parisians fought with the fury of despair. Camulogène, their leader, and most of the chiefs, were slain in the strife ; and the few that remained took refuge in the neighbouring woods. The advantages afforded by the position induced Ce- sar to rebuild the city, and to strengthen it with walls and forts. By prudent and conciliatory measures, the original inhabitants were induced to return, and the equity of the Roman laws soon effected a visible change in the manners of these barbarians. Human blood ceased to flow upon the altars of the druids ; and the Parisians exchanged their ferocious divinities for Roman superstitions. Jupiter had an altar in the city ; Mars was honoured at Montmartre ; Isis at Issy, and on the spot where now stands the Abbey of St. Germain ; and to Mercury was erected a temple on Mont-Ste.-Geneviève. A municipal government was established, in which the inhabitants were allowed to take a share, and a commercial company formed, enjoying the ex- clusive privilege of the transport of goods upon the Seine. Gradually acquiring wealth the Parisians employed it in the embellishment of their city ; and received from Rome their first lessons in the arts and sciences. The Romans, who remained masters of Paris during five hundred years, enlarged it on the north and on the south. A palace for the residence of the prefect was constructed at the western extremity of the city. The palais des Thermes, to which an aqueduct brought the waters of Arcueil, was built for the residence of the emperors ; Constantine and Con- stance both visited it, and about the year 257 Julien passed three winters here. It was also the occasional residence of Valentinian, whose son Gratian lost, under the walls of Paris a battle against Maximus, which cost him his em- pire and his life. In the year 250 St. Denis brought to Paris the first tid- ings of the gospel. He sealed with his blood, on the hill of Montmartre, the faith which he had preached. It is 44 HISTORICAL SKETCH • not now known where the first assemblies of the Chris tians were held ; but about the year 370, a church was dedicated to St. Stephen, upon the spot where formerly stood a temple to Jupiter, and where now stands the ca- thedral of Notre- Dame. Soon after this period, hordes of northern barbarians began to plunder and lay waste the possessions of the Romans ; and in 493, Lutetia was finally conquered by the Franks, under Clovis, who changed its Roman name, and called it Paris, from its aboriginal inhabitants. In 507, having embraced Christianity, Clovis selected Paris for the seat of his empire, and laid the first stone of a church dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul-the Ste. -Geneviève of the present day. His successors, Childebert and Dago- bert, erected many religious edifices, amongst others were churches dedicated to Notre-Dame and St.-Germain- l'Auxerrois, and the Abbaye de St.-Denis. Under the princes of this dynasty, who reigned 270 years, the Roman laws gave way to Salic institutions ; the hard hand of the nobles weighed heavy over the whole Continent, and lite- rature and the arts retrograded . Paris, however, enjoyed the advantage of being the patrimony of its kings ; and contrived to preserve its commercial privileges and muni- cipal administration. Few of the princes, however, of the second or Carlo- vingian race resided at Paris. Charlemagne never inha- bited it, though he occasionally held his court at St.- Denis. Paris was, nevertheless, much indebted to him ; his love of the arts suggested the establishment of numerous schools, which exercised a happy influence over the character and manners of the people. Under the feeble sway of his suc- cessors, Paris was for some time subjected to the domina- tion of hereditary counts. In 845, in 856, and again in 872, the Normans, allured by the wealth of Paris, its churches, and its monasteries, attacked, ravaged, and burnt it to the ground, leaving few remnants of the monuments built by the Romans, and the kings ofthe first dynasty. Once more, in 885, the Normans returned to the charge. The inhabitants in vain called on Charles-le-Chauve for succour. They were obliged to rely upon their own cou- rage, which, seconded by the valour of their Count Eudes, OF PARIS . 45 at the end of two years obliged their enemies to raise the siege. Charles-le - Chauve, covered with ignominy, was deposed, and the crown placed upon the head of Eudes, in whose family it became hereditary in the person of Huges Capet, who was solemnly crowned at Reims in 987. The first princes of this dynasty, attached to the city that had been their peculiar patrimony, and the defence of which had raised them to the throne, continued to reside here, in the edifice now called the Palais de Justice . They confirmed the ancient privileges of the citizens, and granted them many new immunities. In the course of time public schools increased, colleges were founded, and the univer- sity established. A new city rose on the northern banks of the Seine. Under Philip Augustus many monuments and public buildings were erected, the streets of Paris were first paved, and the whole town was enclosed with walls. St.-Louis founded an hospital for the blind and the school of surgery, created the body of notaries, and introduced a better system of jurisprudence, formed a corps of muni- cipal troops, and organised a night police. Under Charles V. the Bibliothèque Royale was founded , and the Bastile, originally destined for the reception of the Royal treasures, constructed . The suburbs of the town being in danger from the incursions of the English, new walls and ditches were made. During the insanity of Charles VI. , the peace of the capital was disturbed by intestine strife , and her . streets were inundated with blood . From 1420 to 1436 Paris was in possession of the English. In the reign of Charles VII. , and succeeding monarchs, it was desolated byfamine and pestilence ; nevertheless, in the reign of his successor, Louis XI. , the capital counted 300,000 inhabi- tants. This prince established the post-office, and introduced to Paris from Mayence the art of printing. Francis I. founded the College of France, introduced learned and distinguished characters from Greece and Italy, and natu- ralised the fine arts. The churches of St. -Gervais, St.- Germain-l'Auxerrois, of St.-Merry, and the Hôtel de Ville, rebuilt under this prince, attest the state of the fine arts in this age. The Arsenal, and château and garden of the Tuileries, were constructed about 1563. To this revival succeeded the desolating scourge of civil and religious 46 HISTORICAL SKETCH warfare. Under Charles IX. occurred the massacre of St.- . Bartholomew. Peace was only restored to the kingdom on the accession of Henry IV. , who finished the Pont- Neuf, and built the splendid gallery which joins the Tuileries to the Louvre. To this prince Paris is indebted for the Hôpital St.-Louis, the best situated and most commodious establishment of the kind of which it can boast. In the reign of Louis XIII. , the aqueduct of Arcueil was reconstructed , the garden of Plants founded, and the ⚫ Champs-Elysées planted with trees. A statue of Henry IV. was placed on the Pont-Neuf, and another of Louis XIII . in the place Royale. Paris was erected into a metropolitan see in 1622. The improvements in the reign of Louis XIV. were still more numerous, and worthy the age which now dawned upon the world. The place Vendôme and the place des Victoires were formed. More than eighty new streets were opened , and many of the old ones enlarged and improved. The pont au Change and the pont de la Tournelle were rebuilt, and the Pont-Royal opened a com- munication between the Tuileries, and the faubourg St.- Germain. For the old city gates were substituted trium- phal arches, amongst which were those of St.-Denis and St.-Martin. The ramparts were thrown down, and the boulevards planted with trees ; the splendid colonnade of the Louvre was built ; the Garden of the Tuileries was traced by Le Nôtre ; the Observatory was constructed ; and the Hospice des Enfans Trouvés first offered an asylum to helpless and abandoned infancy during the reign of Louis XIV. But what, more than any other circumstance, contributed to the glorious memory of this monarch, was the creation of that magnificent asylum for wounded and disabled soldiers, the Hôtel des Invalids. Under Louis XIV. , the Palais Bourbon was begun ; the Ecole Militaire was created ; and the new and majestic church of Ste. -Geneviève arose on the foundations of the old edifice. The place de la Concorde was formed ; the Champs-Elysées were replanted ; and the Garden of Plants enlarged and enriched. The fronts of St. - Sulpice and St.-Eustache were constructed ; and the School of Medicine reproduced the noble forms of ancient architecture. OF PARIS. 47 In 1754 strangers were informed of the names of the streets by inscriptions placed at each corner ; and in 1760 the petite poste was instituted. Louis XVI. continued the public monuments commenced by his ancestor ;-he restored the Palais de Justice, en- larged the markets, and added to their number ; the Garden of Plants was still further increased, and the Cabinet of Natural History constructed. The pont de la Concorde was built. The boulevards began to display, in the varied elevations which adorn them, that elegant and diversified taste which so eminently distinguish them in the present day. Towards the end of this reign were finished the con- structions which ornament the entrance to the metropolis at the different barriers. The Revolution, begun in 1784, overthrew all the existing institutions of the country, and the public buildings and monuments of art in this great city were threatened with destruction during the reign of terror. But under Napoleon the amelioration and embellishment of the capital were prosecuted with increased vigour. The place du Carrousel was cleared of the unsightly buildings which deformed it, new galleries were added to the Tuileries, and the Louvre was completed . The gardens of the Tuileries were still further improved and embellished ; new streets were opened on every side, amongst others the splendid rue de Rivoli was constructed. The Palace of the Luxembourg was restored to its original splendour, and its garden made to rival that of the Tuileries. More than two miles of new quay were constructed , new bridges were built, and the canal de l'Ourcq commenced. New and spacious markets were erected in every quarter ; and fifteen new fountains contributed to the cleanliness and salubrity of the town. The place de la Bastille was begun ; and in the immediate neighbourhood was constructed a vast Granary of Reserve ; the Column in the place Vendôme was erect- ed ; the Bank of France was established ; and the first stone was laid of the present magnificent Exchange. The administration of the hospitals, which before the Revolution were a scourge rather than a benefit to humanity, underwent a complete change ; the cemeteries were definitively established without the barriers ; and five public 48 HISTORICAL SKETCH slaughter-houses were constructed near the principal bar- riers on different sides of the city. After the moment of anarchy occasioned by the downfall of Napoleon, Louis XVIII. appeared. His government in- spired capitalists with such confidence, that the rapid in- crease of industry and commerce was almost unexampled. The occupation of Paris by the allies had, however, weighed heavy upon the funds of the municipal administration, yet means were found to continue the public works, as well of embellishment as of utility. The statue of Henry IV. re- sumed its ancient station on the Pont-Neuf, and that of Louis XIV. in the place des Victoires. The canals de l'Ourcq, St.- Denis, and St. - Martin, were completed and opened. The works of the Entrepôt des Vins and the Grenier de Reserve were continued ; the markets of St.- Martin, St.-German, des Blancs-Manteaux, and des Carmes terminated ; and large sums of money were expended on the hospitals, in the amelioration of the old prisons, in the construction of new ones, in the building of new barracks, and in the lighting, cleansing, and embellishing of the public streets. Under Charles X. the solicitude of the administration was particularly directed towards the decoration of the churches and sacred edifices. Great exertions preserved from imminent ruin the stately edifice of St. -Germain- des- Près. At Gros-Caillou the church of St. -Pierre was raised ; new churches replaced the old buildings in the parishes of Bonne- Nouvelle, Saint- Sacrement, and Notre- Dame-de-Lorette, and a new and magnificent structure was commenced, dedicated to St.-Vincent- de- Paule. Between 1827 and 1830 the ponts d'Arcole, de l'Archevêché, and d'Antin were constructed. New buildings arose with as- tonishing rapidity on every side ; building ground was sold at one hundred, even six hundred times its original cost about twenty years before. The number of houses in Paris in 1817 was 27,493 ; in 1825 they amounted to 30,000 ; so that the number of houses built within this period was 2,507. In estimating the expense of each house at 120,000fr. , which is assuredly below the reality, the sums expended in these specu- lations amount to 318 millions of francs ; -an enormous OF PARIS. 49 capital, but still inferior to the sum expended in the con- struction of the numerous and elegant passages in which so many shops still remain vacant, and in the erection of the villages of Beau Grenelle, Sablonville, and the Batignolles. The expenses incurred by the mania for building must certainly have exceeded 400 millions. Though some of the houses remain uninhabited, many of these speculations were profitable ; these rising quarters are remark- able for their squares, their fountains, and the regularity of their streets, bordered with foot- paths, and for the ventilation and commodious distribution of the houses. In the Champs- Elysées, between the Cour-la-Reine and the Allée des Veuves, are traced four streets leading to a square decorated with a fountain on which is a bust of Francis I., whence this assemblage of houses has received the name of Quartier François I. At the corner of the street opening into the Cour- la-Reine is a house in which have been employed the ornaments of the front of a coun- try seat erected by this prince. The situation of the Quar- tier Beaujon, or Nouvelle Athènes, offered conveniences for the erection of houses, combining at once the advantages of town and country residences. The new Quartier de l'Europe is much more central, being situated between the barriers of Clichy and Monceau. In the midst of this vast space will be constructed an octagon bearing the name of place de l'Europe, to which will lead streets named after Paris, Berlin, St. Petersburg, Stockholm, London, Ma- drid, Vienna, and Naples ; they will be traversed by streets bearing the names of Constantinople, Rome, Lisbon, Hamburg, and Amsterdam. The names of Venise, Messine, Plaisance, and Rivoli, will be inscribed upon other streets . A magnificent boulevard will lead from the barrier de Monceau to the Madeleine. Already many splendid streets are nearly completed in this direction, and an ornamental fountain decorates one of its places . The new Quartier Poissonnière is much more advanced ; it is by the rue de Meaux and the rue de Chabrol that the diligences from the barrières St.-Denis and La Villette arrive in the heart of Paris. Under the government of Louis-Philippe important works have been undertaken an dexecuted . The garden of the Tuileries, has been still further embellished. The quai 5 50 PRESENT STATE Pelletier and the quai de la Megisserie have been widened and improved. A new bridge has been suspended across the Seine at Bercy, and two others in Paris are in progress ; the statue of Napoleon has been re- elevated on the summit of the Column Vendôme ; a similar column, in bronze, is to be constructed on the place de la Bastille ; and two Egyp- tian obelisks, brought at a great expense from Luxor, are about to be erected, the one in the place de la Concorde, the other on the esplanade in front of the Hôtel des In- valides. There is every prospect that science, the arts and com- merce, inspired by general confidence, will flourish with renewed vigour. PRESENT STATE OF PARIS. Situation and Climate---- . Paris is situated in 48° 50' 14" of north latitude, and in 2 ° 20 ' 15 " east longitude from the meridian of Greenwich. French geographers count their first meridian from the Royal Observatory. The longest day is 16 hours, 6 minutes-the shortest 8 hours, 10 minutes . The following is the distance of Paris from the different capitals of Europe : Amsterdam Berlin Brussels Constantinople Copenhagen Dresden Lisbon . · LEAGUES. LEAGUES. 122 London 105 245 Madrid 320 782 Naples . 474 650 Rome 382 272 Stockholm 471 260 St. Petersburgh · 580 456 Vienna. • 280 The surface comprised within the walls of Paris is 34,396,800 square metres. The circumference of the outward boulevards is more than five leagues and a half. A line drawn from north to south, passing by the Ob- servatory, would give a length of 5,505 metres. Its great- est extent in a straight line from east to west is 7,809 metres. The mean temperature of Paris is 99 of Reaumur, or 52½ of Fahrenheit. The average quantity of rain is something more than twenty inches per annum. The OF PARIS . 51 reigning winds are from the south-west and the north- east ; but they are not violent, and tempests are of rare occurrence ; snow sometimes falls in abundance, and fogs are not unfrequent. Hills of a slight elevation to the north in some measure protect the city (which for the most part is seated in a vast plain) , from the cold winds in that quarter ; and the elevation of the soil on the south- ern banks of the Seine is favourable to the cleanliness of that part of the town. The surrounding country, naturally arid and calcareous, is rendered extremely fertile by con- stant manure. The Seine, which traverses the city from east to west, takes its rise in the forest of Chanceau, two leagues from St.-Seine, a small town in the department of the Côte- d'Or. It receives the waters of the Yerre, the Yonne, and the Marne, and, entering Paris between the barriers ofLa Rapée and La Garre, finds its waters captive for near two leagues between the superb quays of the metropolis, as far as the pont de Jena. Its width at the pont d'Auster- litz is 166 metres, at the Pont-Neuf 263 metres, and at the point where it leaves Paris, at the pont de Jena, 136 metres. The mean rapidity of its waters is at the rate of 20 French inches per second. It seldom overflows its bed. Its greatest inundation was that of 1711 , when its waters rose 24 feet 9 inches, French, above the low-water mark of 1719, fixed at 11 feet 10 inches above the bed of the river. On the Pont-Neuf and the pont de la Tournelle, scales, me- trically divided, mark the height of its waters. After a course of 85 leagues, in which it receives the Oise, the Eure, and the Rille, the Seine falls into the ocean at Havre. Its waters are salubrious, and of a good quality for bleaching and dying ; but its utility does not end here ; it brings into the heart of the capital from the upper de- partments, fruit, hay, corn, flour, tiles, bricks, iron, wood, wine, brandy, flax, cordage, and paving- stones ; and, by means of steam-boats from Rouen, it furnishes colonial produce, glass-work, salt , cider , wine, brandy, and foreign corn. By the canals of Briare and Orleans the Seine communicates with the Loire ; by the canal of Bourgogne, with the Saône ; and by the canal of St.-Quentin, with the Somme and the Scheldt. Population.-The population of Paris in 1788, accord- 52 PRESENT STATE ing to the official returns, amounted to 599,569 individu- als. In 1816, they were 662,000 ; in 1819, 715,000 ; and in 1831, according to the last census, the population, independent of strangers and troops, whose numbers being always variable, are never accounted for in these returns, was 774,338. In 1832 the number of births within the city amounted to 26,283 ; the number of marriages to 6,767 ; the number. of deaths to 44,463 . Of the births, 13,494 were male, and 12,789 female ; 17,046 were legitimate, and 9,237 illegitimate. Of the 9,237 illegitimate children, 1,065 were recognised by their parents. The number of still-born children amounted to 1,720 . Of the number of deaths, 27,315 persons died at their own homes ; 14,541 in the civil hospitals ; 2,186 in the military hospitals ; 77 in the prisons ; and 344 were deposited in the morgue : 22,023. were of the male sex, and 22,440 of the female. The statistical returns for 1832, though interesting in themselves as developing the amount of mortality occasioned by the ravages of the cholera, do not give an average of the rela- tive proportions which exist between the births and deaths, of which the excess is generally in favour of the former. The number of deaths attributed to the cholera amounts to 18,602 ; this number substracted from 44,463 leaves 25,861, which, substracted fromthe number of births, would leave an excess of only 442 ; whilst, in 1828, the numbers being-births 29,806, and deaths 23,533, the excess was 6,273. The marriages in 1828 amounted to 7,474. The number of deaths by small pox in 1832, was 386 ; of which males 200, females 186. Annual Consumption. -The consumption of the city of Paris, during the year 1832 was as follows : Wine, 595,585 hectolitres ; brandy, 27,794 ditto ; cider and perry, 12,352 ditto ; vinegar, 17,902 ditto ; beer, 78,948 ditto ; grapes, 678,159 kilogrammes ; oxen, 68,408 ; cows, 15,290 ; calves, 60,237 ; sheep, 306,327 ; pigs and boars, 67,241 ; pâtés and made food, 56,100 kilogrammes ; coarse meat, sold without weighing, 3,117,759 ditto ; sausages, etc. 492,820 ditto ; heads, feet, and offal , 944,595 ditto ; dry cheese, 986,530 ditto ; amount of the sale of sea-fish in the markets, 3,584,826fr.; oysters, 731,590fr.; fresh water fish, 399,967fr.; fowls and game 6,660,590fr.; butter, 9,196,274fr.; eggs, OF PARIS . 53 4,053,959fr.; hay, 7,655,592 trusses ; straw, 11,511,976 bundles ; oats 893,873 hectolitres. The corn and flour sold at the hall do not figure in this list, as these sales would not give the real consumption of the town, which, under ordinary circumstances, is estimated at about 1500 sacks per day of the weight of 159 kilogrammes. When the price of bread is higher without the walls of Paris than within, the daily consumption often amounts to more than 1700 sacks. Tariff ofOctroi Duties. -Wine in wood, 20fr.35c. the hec- tolitre ; ditto in bottles, 28fr.60c. the 100 litres ; vinegar, verjuice, elderberry, etc. , in wood or bottles, 11fr. 55c. the hectolitre ; pure alcohol contained in brandy or spirits , in wood ; brandy or spirits in bottles ; liquors ; fruits in brandy, and essences, in wood or in bottles, 82fr.50c. per hectolitre ; cider, perry, and mead, 8fr. 80c. per ditto ; beer, 4fr. 40c. per ditto ; beer, brewed in Paris, 3fr. 30c. per ditto ; olive oil, 44fr. per ditto ; other oils , 22fr. per ditto ; oxen, 26fr. 40c. per head ; cows, 19fr. 80c.; calves, 6fr. 60c.; sheep, Ifr.65c ; hogs and wild boars, 11fr.; coarse meat, 19 8-10c. per kilogramme ; sausages, hams, fresh and salt pork, bacon, etc. , 24c. per ditto ; heads, feet, offal, etc. , 5 1-2c. per ditto ; pâtés, preserved meats, crabs, lobsters, pickled fish, and truffies, 30c. per ditto ; hard fire-wood, new or floated, 2fr. 91 5-8c . per stère ; white wood, 2fr.14 5-10c. per stère ; faggots, 3fr. the hundred ; charcoal, the sack (two hectolitres), Ifr. 10c. , charcoal dust, 55c. per ditto ; coal, 55c. per hectolitre ; dry hay and fodder, the 100 trusses of 5 kilo- grammes, 5fr. 50c.; straw, per ditto, 2fr. 20c.; oats, 66c. per hectolitre ; quick lime, Ifr . 32c. per hectolitre ; plaster, 39 6-10c. per ditto ; rough stone, 66c. per cubic mètre ; hewn stone, Ifr. 76c. per ditto ; marble and granite, 17fr. 60c. per ditto ; large slates, per thousand, 5fr. 50c.; small ditto ditto, 4fr. 40c.; bricks, ditto, 6fr. 60c.; tiles, ditto, 8fr. 25c. , tiles for paving, ditto , 5fr. 50c.; potter's clay and sand, 66c. per cubic mètre ; building wood, 11fr. per stère ; laths, 11fr. the 100 bundles ; oak boats , for demolition, 26fr. 40c. per boat ; deal ditto, 13fr. 20c. ditto ; boats of extraordinary dimensions pay by the square metre, in oak 19 8-10c. , in deal 11c ; dry cheese, 11c. per kilogramme ; bay or white salt, 5 5-10c. per ditto ; white wax, and wax and spermaceti candles, 33c. per ditto ; yel- 5* 54 PARIS AND low wax and rough spermaceti, 22c. ditto ; barley, Ifr.10c. per hectolitre ; hops , 11c. per kilogramme ; tallow, in cakes or candles, 3fr. 30c. per 100 kilogrammes ; essence of tur- pentine, 4fr.40c. per ditto ; window glass, 16 5-10c. per ditto. Grapes, with the exception of the chasselas and muscat, pay half the duty imposed upon the vintage ; drivers of vehicles containing goods subject to duty are bound to make declaration thereof, and exhibit their bill of lading before entering the barriers, under pain of fine equal to the value of the articles subject to duty. The officers are empowered to make any examination necessary to ascertain the truth of the declaration. Articles introduced without having been declared, or upon a false declaration, are liable to seizure. The probing-iron cannot be employed in the ex- amination of packages declared to contain goods that may suffer damage. Diligences, cabriolets, waggons, carts, are all subject to examination ; nor are the private carriages , even of the highest functionaries in the kingdom, exempt. PARIS AND THE PARISIANS . Paris has ever been looked upon by a Frenchman as the centre of civilization , he considers it the capital not only of France, but of the world itself. Armed with the sceptre of fashion, it exercises despotic sway over the mind and body of its devoted and submissive votaries. Nor is its power and influence confined to that versatile and changing sceptre alone. It is the seat of government and learning, the theatre of glory and preferment ; the central point to which money, power, talent, reputation, every thing is attracted. Its systems of philosophy, its theories of taste and literature, its virtues and vices, its whims and follies are not, like those of many other capitals, of a local and stagnant nature ; they traverse the Alps and the Pyrenees, they cross the Rhine and the Channel, they over- throw the barriers of national prejudice and obstinacy ; while crowds of travellers, English, Italian, Spanish, and Russian, proclaim the resistless sway of its power and opinions. A journey to Paris has ever been considered by foreigners as the necessary complement to moral and political education. To those who have never visited France, and whose knowledge of its manners and its cha- THE PARISIANS. 55 racters has been founded on a slight acquaintance with the literature of the 18th century, it may be necessary to state that great changes have taken place. The levity and heedless gaiety so much talked of, both by our own writers and theirs, have been put to the test by a long series of suffering and political trials, in which the lowest as well as the highest have had their share. The French, at all times industrious as individuals, are now become so as a nation ; and this circumstance, connected with a constitution and political rights, has inspired habits of thought and gravity not unbecoming a nation already celebrated for every thing but perseverance. The general tone of their newspapers, most of which are decidedly equal in style and gravity to many of our own-their reviews, historical and philosophical writings, publications on economy, etc. , betray a spirit of serious and determined enquiry into whatever is interesting to the individual or society at large. In short, the English traveller, whoever or whatever he is, must lay aside everything like overweening ideas of superiority ; and, bating the difference of forms, fashion, and language, must expect to meet with men as well as Frenchmen. It may be necessary to say a few words on the personal ap- pearance and character peculiar to the Parisian. He is ganerally rather tall than otherwise, much fairer than the traveller's preconceived notions may have represented him; and, save in the science of boxing, perfectly master of his hands and limbs. He is fonder of a birth under government than he ought to be, seeing he is an admirer of equality ; but even their own writers seem to think that equality is only another name for an equal claim to preferment and honours. This supposition is rather accredited than other- wise from the number of red ribbons to be seen adorning the button- hole. Though acutely alive to the attractions of pleasure, he is philosopher enough to purchase it through the medium of labour. No man understands better than the Parisian the use and value of money. Should you allude to the all-prevailing habit, his excuse, and it is by no means a bad one, is, that it is necessary to provide against contingencies. And this is the people accused of a want of foresight ! The sex, as the French laconically have it , are not very remarkable for the beauty of their features, or the whiteness of their skin . But if a handsome 56 PARIS AND THE PARISIANS. shape, matchless skill in the toilette , liveliness of motion, and easiness of address are things to be praised in women, · those of Paris possess them in the highest degree. The higher classes are remarkable for their courtesy and affability, the middling for their industry and studious habits, and the lower orders for their acuteness, wit, and good nature. Among the different amusements which constitute the delight of the Parisian Sunday, are the dancing saloons open at the different barriers which skirt the metropolis. Perhaps few things are better calculated to give the stran- ger an acquaintance with the character of the French populace than a glance at such gay retreats. Even in those open to the very canaille there is a varnish of order and politeness which only ceases to astonish, when we know that the first is owing to the police, and the second to the fact that the inmates are not sufficiently vinous to come to downright rudeness . The music in such places is far from good, the wine bad, and the characters worse than either. Quarrels are frequent, and, unless one or both of the par- ties are old soldiers, a title which invariably enforces the use of the sabre, are generally decided by a combat à la savatte. The term savatte signifies an old shoe, and as the contest is generally carried on by kicks, both the thing and the name are perfectly in keeping. An Englishman would certainly stare at such an engagement. When the parties come to the scratch, and here the words are to be taken in the most literal sense, they throw themselves into the most awkward positions, retreating and advancing on their hams, in the attitude of frogs, and exchanging kicks with singular skill and agility. When one of these kicks tells little mercy is shown to the fallen, his adversary leaps upon his prostrate body, and unless he has voice enough to proclaim his defeat, he must undergo a process of tear- ing, scratching, twisting, and mauling, which effectually disfigures him for weeks to come. This, however, must be understood of the rabble, nothing similar being met with in any class except the very lowest. 57 LITERATURE. The following epitome of the Literature and literary men of the capital may not be unacceptable to our readers :- POETRY. In national poetry as well as inspiration Béranger unquestionably takes the lead . He gives, in a series of songs, or rather odes, a lively picture of the effects produced on the minds of his countrymen by the great political and military events of which France has been the theatre for nearly half a century. He is at once simple and sublime. His genius, unfettered by classical study, and therefore unlikely to follow the herd of imitators, struck out a path of its own a path too in which it shines unrivalled . His in- dependent spirit scorned to flatter the giant conqueror in his successful career : he felt instinctively that the fall of nations and the elevation of one man could excite none of that eloquent sympathy which is the soul of all popular, of all lasting poetry. But when kings united in the pretended cause of liberty to crush one of themselves, when the sun of Austerlitz had ceased to shine for the French, and their horizon was blackened with tempest and defeat ; it was then that the poet arose, and strung his harp to themes of glory and proud regret. Few poets, perhaps none, have more closely linked themselves to the feelings and sympathies of a great nation than Béranger. His simplest verse finds a responsive echo in the breast of his countrymen : that may in some measure account for his simplicity, but the sublimity for which he is so remarkable is entirely his own. In ease, liveliness, and grace, he may have imitators : in energy and loftiness of thought and figure he stands alone. *

• The following stanza may be taken as an instance. Cha- teaubriand says it is worthy of Tacitus : the reader may judge for himself:-

Un conquérant, dans sa fortune altière, Se fit un jeu des sceptres et des lois ; Et de ses pieds on peut voir la poussière Empreinte encore sur le bandeau des rois. 58 LITERATURE. Since the revolution of 1830 he has written but little . A new order of ideas had arisen-his poetical works had prepared them. Of course he felt it was necessary to wait till the public feeling had taken some decided tone, which might again enable him to speak and feel in harmony with his favourite people ; for Beranger is not one of those fer- tile geniuses who can sing without any cause, real or appa- rent. It is doubtful, however, how far the present period is poetical, at least for a national poet : and as far as his authority can go we have it. He has published what he calls Mes dernières chansons, and he seems determined to keep his word. Lamartine is a poet altogether of thought and dream. His gloom has all the dignity of Young with none of his effort ; and when hope breathes in his composition, every line flows with the gracefulness and exhibits the heavenly tinge of a summer evening cloud. It is impossible to seize the character of this noble and truly- inspired bard. His thoughts are deep, sometimes abstract, often mournful : he seems to write for the soul, and his poetical whispers are something less or more than language. In saying so we allude to his Méditations, a series of compositions at once grave and touching. In his Harmonies Religieuses, he has shown himself so skilful a master of diction, that we doubt whether, before they appeared, any one could have imagined the French language capable of producing any thing so perfectly harmonious, so altogether musical. His other works are La Mort de Socrate, and a canto which he had written in the style of Childe Harold , probablyfor the purpose of reading a lecture to the noble bard. Every poet has his mission. Byron had his ; and the best thing we can say is that the advice, though very beautiful, luckily came too late, Victor Hugo is a poet of another stamp. He grapples at once with thought and language, and if he often suc- ceeds in the struggle, it is perhaps true to say, he is as often foiled. He is bold and daring ; his figures are cast. at once, and strike us as something imposing and gigantic. And yet, if he is often master of the grand, he is not less skilful in the management of the softer feelings. In love he is dreaming and voluptuous ; but in scenes and passages of filial affection he certainly stands unrivalled. Victor LITERATURE. 59 Hugo has more enemies and passionate admirers than have fallen to the lot of any other poet living. His poetry has often been scouted, and his dramas looked upon as ridicu- lous. But he has genius, and what is, perhaps, almost as good, he is conscious of it. He is a man who is not to be laughed out of his walk, nor turned aside from it by the shafts of ridicule. If he succeeds, he accepts his meed of applause with dignity : if he fails, it is a gauntlet thrown down in the lists ; he is sure to recover it with honour. His poetic works are Les Orientales, a beautiful gallery of odes, and his Feuilles d'Automne, &c. &c. His tragedies are Hernani, Le Roi s'Amuse, Marie Tudor, &c. Casimir Delavigne is a poet who has united ( his ad- mirers say) the classic and the romantic. His first essay, we believe, was his Messéniennes, a series of patriotic com- positions, which met with great success on their appearance. They are still read with pleasure. He is principally remarkable as a dramatic writer, a walk in which he can- not complain of want of success . His tragedies are very generally admired. They are Les Parias, Les Vepres Siciliennes, Marino Faliero ; and recently Les Enfans d'Edouard. He has written excellent comedies in verse : L'Ecole des Vieillards, Les Comédiens, &c. &c. Alfred de Vigny is a poet and novelist of no ordinary merit. We are not aware of the date of his Frégate, a beautiful little poem, commemorating the battle of the Nile. It is written in a measure at once manly and rapid, and strongly reminds us of the naval compositions of our ini- mitable Campbell. There is, perhaps, too much poetry scattered about in the subject, but having once read it, one can hardly wish it were less. His Moïse, and Femme Adul- tère, are biblic fragments : they are so fine that one cannot help regretting their unfinished state. Ste.-Beuve. -Poésies de Delorme, an assumed name. If we mistake not, the work met with almost as many enemies as friends. It is , however, full of beauties. Madame Tastu, author of a little volume of poetry remarkable for its simplicity, and the warm-hearted thoughts with which it every where abounds . None but a woman could have written it. Delphine Gay, also a lady, is possessed of genius and 60 LITERATURE. softness. Her compositions are also remarkable for their delicacy and warmth. Alexandre Dumas-a dramatic writer of uncommon merit. His Stockholm, Fontainebleau et Rome is a drama of three distinct periods , the object of which is to develop the licentious and vindictive character of that pretended philosopher, Queen Christine of Denmark. There is an ease and frankness in its versification which, together with the knowledge displays in human character, will always render it a work of interest. His Antony, Thérèse, Hen- ri V. , and Angèle have all been played with success. He has just written Catharine Howard, which is now acting at the theatre of the Porte St.-Martin. Catharine is probably one of the numerous wives of our uxorious Henry. Theodore Leclercq has long been known as a fertile and truly comic writer. He is a diligent seeker after vice and virtue ; and distributes poetical justice with no unsparing hand. The Proverbes Dramatiques are delight- ful in the closet, and are occasionally played with success. The Jesuits, those bugbears in French politics, exercised his dramatic lash for many a year ; the government, the aristocracy, the army, nothing escaped his piercing eye, his keen but polished satire. His dramatic scenes were the delight of a certain class previous to the revolution. But alas ! power is not always exempt from ridicule, and the merciless satirist unrelentingly pursues it wherever he has the good fortune to find it . The dramatic form having met with such great success in the lively and elegantly written pages of Leclercq, that gentleman has had many imitators. Les Soirées de Neuilly (we do not recollect the name of the author) is an excel- lent work in that way. The manners of the French soldier are depicted with a breadth and gaiety which remind one of the frank and fearless dialogue of Shakspeare. LaConspiration de Mallet (the Conspiracy of Mallet), the stern enthusiast, who alone, or assisted by a faithful corporal, well nigh overthrew the empire of Napoleon, is given at length, and with a warmth, rapidity, and depth of feeling which cannot be read without emotion. Scribe's last comedy, Bertrand et Raton, or conspiracy reduced to an art, is one of the very few which that author LITERATURE . 61 has spun out to the legitimate five acts. It exhibits great acuteness of observation , and is of a tendency far from consoling : its object being evidently to prove that skill and hypocrisy are more than a match for strength and honesty, and that if the people rise in rebellion against the powers in being, it is only to make way for some skilful diplomatic gentleman, who is all the time coolly and gravely awaiting the result. There is such a fatality about the personages ; folly, vice, and even virtue, play such gratuitous parts, that if, after reading it, we are disgusted with conspiracies and conspirators, we are almost equally so with existence itself, so withering and heartless is its general effect. We are willing enough that our good fortune should be the result of trifling circumstances. Scribe knows it, and has fifty times turned that weakness to account. But I question how far we are disposed our lives and fortunes should be the sport of every trivial accident which Scribe pleases to invest with a mission of destiny. We prefer him in his lively and favourite vaudeville. There he is without an equal. No man knows better than he does how to throw an anecdote into a dialogue, and spin out a dialogue into a piece. He is at once prolific and inexhaustible. It is true he sometimes experiences a check, but if he does, he returns to the charge with redoubled vigour. His works are now publishing by subscription, and would be a valuable acquisition to the foreigner anxious to penetrate the myste- ries ofthe French language and manners. HISTORY . Chateaubriand is one of the most distinguished his- torians in France, if not for the subjects which he has chosen, at least for the lively and striking manner in which he has exhibited them. When yet a young man, and re- siding in London, he drew an historical parallel between the Greek and the French revolutions in a succession of pictures and contrasts which cannot be effaced even by his later and more polished productions. His Etudes His- toriques, and Sketches of the Character of the three last Stuarts, together with their courtiers and favourites, are perfect master- pieces. Political events have compelled this great man to lead a retired life ; it is to be hoped his 6 62 LITERATURE . usual habits of study will indemnify the literary public for so long a silence. His Génie du Christianisme and Martyrs, if not his- tories in themselves, will occupy a prominent place in the literary annals of the 19th century. Thiers and Mignet. -Each of these gentlemen has writ- ten a history of the revolution . Both ofthem are distinguished for their style, and for the able as well as impar- tial manner in which they have represented men and things. M. Thiers is particularly remarkable for his skill in finances and political economy ; M. Mignet is candid enough to endeavour to apologize for many of the excesses committed by the actors of the revolution ; making allowance for the singular nature of their position. Barante has published some 12 or 13 volumes on the Ducs de Bourgogne. They are much esteemed by the learned, and exhibit proofs of study and research ; but still their authenticity is hardly redeemed by the minute- ness with which he details even the most trifling circum- stances. He seems to have taken Froissart as a model. Capefigues's Histoire de la Réforme displays considerable ability. Mignet is on the point of publishing one on the same subject. Guizot has taken an immense deal of trouble to search into the secrets of the English revolution . He has pub- lished some 30 or 40 volumes on that subject. His His- toire de la Civilisation is an excellent work. Guizot has translated Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Daru has given a Histoire de Venise, which is ex- tremely interesting. He develops with great skill the gloomy and narrow-minded policy of that state. Thierry's Conquête de l'Angleterre par Guilliame le Bátard, is one of the best works hitherto published on the Conquest. His enthusiasm in that undertaking has at least equalled his talent. No distance of time can cool his sym- pathy with misfortune, no success, no glory can prevent him from snatching the mask from hypocrisy, or trampling in the dust the laurels of brutal and ferocious courage. He is one ofthe best-hearted men that ever wrote a history. His Lettres sur l'Histoire are admirable. Dulaure has published l'Histoire de Paris in 10 vo- LITERATURE. 63 A lumes, and another Histoire des Environs de Paris, in 7 ; both presentingthe most unquestionable proofs of research, clearness of intellect, and unwearied perseverance. They will always be referred to as documents in antiquities, statistics, etc.; they are also uncommonly interesting. His Esquisses de la Révolution Française is another very valuable work. Cousin, Professor of Philosophy, has written la Philosophie de l'Histoire. He is accused of being somewhat obscure in his style, and of borrowing largely from his friends the Germans, and that too without acknowledging the obligation. Michelet, one of the most brilliant of the French historians. His imagination is somewhat tinged with the romantic, which does not prevent him from being at once interesting and instructive. His Histoire Romaine has the merit of being extremely short, no ordinary merit as histories go ; while the view he takes of the origin of Rome and its first kings, must considerably abridge the study of history, particularly when we consider that he treats the whole as little better than a fable, or at most as an allegory. He is admirable in the delineation of Hannibal's character : he calls him a machine de guerre, and decidedly prefers him to his rival, Scipio ; though if what he says of him be true, we are at no loss to believe that Carthage feared him almost as much as she did the Romans. He has also written a Précis de l'Histoire de France, much esteemed by literary men. He is a professor of history, and lectures much in the same way as he writes, except that he is less fluent in his utterance than his imaginative powers would lead us to expect. Michaud.-Histoire des Croisades. This is indeed a noble work. The author has spared no pains in order to attain the widely scattered information necessary to the composition of such a history. Though written at different periods, and in very different circumstances, it still presents the appearance of an unbroken whole. Romance itself cannot surpass the splendour of some of his descriptions, and while he laments the folly which could have induced Europe to rise in arms against Asia, and deplores the bigotry and superstition which could have armed an army of 50,000 children to avenge the cause of God, he is far 64 LITERATURE. from undervaluing, like Voltaire, the immense advantages of every nature, which redounded to Europe from so sin- gular and universal a commotion. NOVELS AND ROMANCES. Pigault Le Brun.-This gentleman is entitled to begin the list for two reasons : because he has written nearly a hundred volumes, if not more, and because he is the father of a school, in which he has been almost eclipsed by his pupil. Le Brun's imagination is of such a fertile and ungovernable nature, that it scampers away with him over four, five, or even six volumes, were he so minded. In fact, it is difficult to say what he intends to do, when he sits down to compose a novel-we may safely question whether he knows himself. His Jérôme-Mon Oncle Thomas- Les Barons deFelsheim, and twenty others, are as wild works as can well be written. He is a great admirer of our Fielding, and, no doubt, many of his comical and luscious pictures may be traced to that great original. He is fond of a lu- dicrous event, and rather than not have one, will break through a thousand restraints, nay even break the neck of his principal hero, at all events sacrifice every thing like plan or connexion. If laughter be the great end of novel writing, no man can pretend to a greater portion of merit than Le Brun. But he sometimes defeats his own purposes. For instance, he has such instinctive hatred to priests and priestcraft, is so blindly bent on rendering that body ridiculous, that he actually becomes intolerably te- dious. He felt his failing, nay, was perfectly aware ofthe gene- ral faults of his composition, and like a man of genius, as he really is, set about disappointing his enemies and sur- prising his friends, by writing more than one work in a style and with a gracefulness worthy the most classical days of the language. Paul de Kock, the pupil of Le Brun. -In so saying, we are not aware that there is any other affinity between them than that naturally brought about by a similarity of taste and fertility of invention. Both authors generally select their heroes from the lower walks of life, and if by accident or design either of them happens to introduce us into the good graces of high life, he evidently embraces the first LITERATURE. 65 opportunity of taking his leave, the more abruptly the bet- ter. The distinguishing characteristic of de Kock is hur mour and gaiety. In the number and diversity of his adventures he is not richer than his elder, not more rapid, nor truer to manners, but then he is infinitely more in keeping. Ifhe runs on recklessly, and with utter indifference to the upshot, it is because he generally knows the ground he is to measure, and always has in reserve a catastrophe perfectly suited to the character, actions, and dis- positions of his hero. With Le Brun it is impossible to anticipate what shall be the event ; this is certainly an advantage, but it is an advantage he seldom or never profits by, his maxim generally being " thereafter as it may be." De Kock has nothing mysterious about him, all is clear and above board. And though we may perceive the end, we are perfectly certain that his vein is inexhaustible, and that it will carry us laughingly on to the consumma- tion. Le Brun is often severe and caustic ; de Kock always indulgent and good natured. His works are La Femme, la Mari, et l'Amant-Monsieur Dupont-La Laitière de Montfermeil-Gustave, ou le Mauvais SujetFrère Jacques, etc. We may now conclude, with a saving clause neither of these writers is a model of morals in. composition. Benjam Constant. One would hardly expect to find the legislator and parliamentary orator among romance writers. His Adolphe, a work in which he unfolds the passions of love, jealousy, and vanity, is written with great force. Indeed, such is the power and truth of the whole, that one cannot help shrewdly suspecting the author has presented us with an episode of his own life. Victor Hugo, as a romance writer, is one of the most vigorous and deeply interesting of them all. His Bug Jargal, and several others of his earlier works, are of a wild and imposing character. His Dernier Jour d'un Con- danné, or Last Day of a Condemned Criminal, is allowed on all hands to be a master- piece . The idea of doling out the hours of a last day's existence, portioning it out as it were into minutes of torture, is one which is familiar perhaps to many, and were it not so, the work, it is probable, would have found but few capable of appreciating its merits. 66 LITERATURE. Be that as it may, few, perhaps none but himself, could have executed the task. His Notre- Dame de Paris seems to be the most elaborate of his works in that way. It has many failings, but then its beauties are of the very highest order. Hugo is perfect only when in the fever of compo- sition; his inspiration, like that of the Pythoness, does not come slowly and with majesty ; it is instantaneous, and when under its influence he achieves in language and feel- ing a something which no other could do, a something which probably astonishes himself in his cooler hours. Jules Jannin is a man of wit and talent. His l'Ane Mort, et la Femme Guillotinée, was first intended, we be- lieve, as a burlesque on Hugo's Dernier Jour d'un Condanné. It is possible the author intended it should, but it is also probable he may have changed his intention in proportion as the work grew under his hand. It contains too many moving scenes to be a mere parody. Jannin has published a work called Les Confessions . It is well written, but withal so singular as regards the catastrophe, that some good folks look upon it in the light of a hoax upon the public. Lamothe Langon is a prolific author. He is fond of an intrigue, and is rather skilful in the management of it. He is a baron, and wrote for some fifteen years against the aristocracy. The tide is now turned, and he has turned his pen and genius against shopkeepers and bankers, whom he treats, if possible, worse than he did the aristo- cracy. His best works are--L'Espion de Police, Monsieur le Préfet-Le Grand Seigneur et la Pauvre Fille-Le Gamin de Paris, etc., etc. Balzac is an interesting and sometimes a powerful writer. La Peau de Chagrin is a whimsical and original work. His Scènes de la Vie Privée leave an impression after them. His Contes Drolátiques are written in the old style of language, and are rather comical. Mérémy tells a story well . He is generally concise, short, and vigorous . He has written, among other things, Chronique du Temps de Charles IX. Jacob le Bibliophile (Jules Lacroix).-The latter is the real name. Under his assumed one he has written many old stories with such antiquity of character, and unassum- LITERATURE. 67 ing slyness, as to induce the belief of his being a venerable antiquary. He has attached his real name to a work en- titled Une Grossesse. Alfred de Vigny, author of Cinq Mars, an historical romance, one of the first, or among the first, of the kind published here. It is well got up, well written, and gives a lively and fearful picture of the despotism and inexo- rable temper of the vindictive and hypocritical Richelieu . There are twenty other authors of more or less note in this walk, but our limited space will hardly admit of our extending this notice. It is with pleasure, however, that we conclude with Xavier de Maîstre. One of the many emigrants from France at the period of the revolution, he appears never to have lost that gaiety which seemed to be the last treasure of the exiled noble. His Voyage autour de ma Chambre, and his Expédition Nocturne, are fine specimens of witty, and classical composition. His elder brother is also a writer, but of a more saturnine cast. His Soiries de St.-Petersbourg is the offspring of fatalism and dogmatical religion. His learning is vast, and his dialec- tic powerful, but he who believes that men must be ruled by the rod, that the executioner is the key- stone of all society, and that it required a fiat of God to create him, may be a man ofgenius, but must expect little sympathy from read- ers in the 19th century. REVIEWS. La Revue de Paris-La Revue des Deux Mondes- La Revue Encyclopédique-La Revue Britannique-La Revue Ré- publicaine. The first and second ofthese reviews are literary -the third philosophical-the fourth contains a selection of articles translated from the English reviews-the fifth is quite a recent thing and is at once literary and political. Le Littérateur Universel is a cheap publication lately got up for the purpose of bringing general literature within the compass of certain classes of society. Le Journal des Demoiselles, for young females-Le Journal des Enfans, for children- Le Journal des Connaissances Utiles, treats of every thing positive : agriculture, horticulture, cookery, law, &c. &c. Le Magasin Pittoresque was got uphere in imitation of the Penny and Saturday Magazines ; it has got some 70 or 80,000 subscribers and a host of 68 GOVERNMENT. imitators, such as l'Encyclopédie Pittoresque-La France Pittoresque-l'Angleterre Pittoresque-Les Voyages Pit- toresques, l'Agriculture Pittoresque and Le Musée des Familles, all of which are in a thriving way. NEWSPAPERS. Moniteur-Journal des Débats -Journal de Paris-Le Constitutionnel, ministerial papers. -Le Constitutionnel it is true is not precisely ministerial, but its opposition is of too faint a nature to admit of its being classed with Le Messager-Le Courrier Français-LeJournal du Commerce and Le Temps, edited by men who are more or less loud in their demand for reform and a constitutional system of government. La Tribune-Le National- Le Corsaire-The first suppressed for the moment. The second remarkable for its republican principles on a large scale, while the Corsaire lends a vigorous hand in its small way, and may be opposed to the Figaro, which supports the government on a small scale also. La Quotidienne-La Gazette-La Mode-Legitimate papers and hostile to the revolution of 1830. GOVERNMENT OF FRANCE. The Government of France is invested in three powers : -1. The King, supreme head of the State, who governs by his Ministers, and in whose name justice is adminis- tered. - 2. The Chamber of Peers, whose deliberations are public : the Peers, who are appointed for life and not limited to number, take their seat at the age of 25, and have a deliberative voice at 30 ; the President is named by the King ; the Princes of the Blood are Peers in their own right.-3. The Chamber of Deputies, which is composed of 459 members, returned by the electoral colleges of each department : the Deputies are elected for five years, during which period no partial elections take place except on de- cease or the tender of resignation on the part of any of its members. Its deliberations are public, but on the demand of five members the House may form itself into a secret committee. The President is named by the Chamber. Members are required to be 30 years of age, and must pay GOVERNMENT. 69 500fr. direct taxes. Electors must be 25 years of age, and must pay 200fr. direct taxes. Each department elects a number of Members according to its population. Both Chambers are convoked by the King at the same time ; he prorogues them, and can dissolve the Chamber of Deputies, but in this case he must convoke a new one within three months. THE COUNCIL OF MINISTERS is composed of the Secretaries of State, who assemble under the presidency of the King, their own president, or one of their body chosen by themselves ; they deliberate on matters of high adminis- tration, on all that concerns the general police, the safety of the throne and kingdom, and the maintenance of the royal authority. There are eight Ministers Secretaries of State, viz. :- 1. The Minister ofthe Interior. Bureau, rue de Grenelle- St.-Germain, 101. The office of the Minister of the In- terior is to correspond with the prefects of the departments, with the members of the general, arrondisemental, and municipal councils , and other functionaries ; with him rests the execution of the electoral laws, the general police of the kingdom, the execution of the laws and regulations of administrative police, the inspection of passports, portsd'armes, etc.; the organisation and administration of the national and municipal guards, and other military affairs connected with the civil authority. Another of his functions is the taking cognizance of libels and other offences of the press and periodical publications. 2. The Minister of Commerce and Public Works. Of- fices, rue de Grenelle- St.- Germain, 103 and 122. In the hands of this Minister is the departmental and communal administration ; and the prisons, hospitals , and other useful or beneficent institutions are under his superintendance. Agriculture, commerce, manufactures, navigation, mines, telegraphic lines, the regulations relating to professional industry, scientific establishments, literature and the fine arts, the theatres, libraries, journals, the importation and exportation of grain, the laws relating to bakers, butchers, etc. etc., all fall under his inspection. 3. The Minister of War. Office, rue St.-Dominique, 82. This department embraces the correspondence with the civil and military authorities for all that can concern the 70 GOVERNMENT. safety of the state, the movements of the troops, the mili- tary police, the manufacture of arms, powder, and saltpetre, the clothing and arming of troops, fortifications, military establishments, hospitals, etc. 4. The Minister of Foreign Affairs, boulevard des Capucines. In the hands of the Minister for Foreign Affairs is the correspondence with foreign powers, the maintenance and execution of political and commercial treaties and con- ventions, etc. The office for passports, rue Neuve-desCapucines, 16, is open daily from 11 till 4 o'clock. 5. The Minister for Naval Affairs and the Colonies, rue Royale, 2. The direction of the colonies, the ports and arsenals, the movements of the navy, and the victualling and fitting out of naval and military forces are under the superintendance of this minister. 6. The Minister of the Finances, rue de Rivoli, 48. This Minister takes cognizance of all the institutions which yield a product to the royal treasury, the taxes, sinking fund, post- office, mint, forests, extraordinary domains, etc. 7. The Minister ofJustice and ofEcclesiastical Affairs. Office, rue Neuve- du-Luxembourg, 22. To this Minister belongs the organization of the judicial department and the body of notaries ; the correspondence with the royal courts and the Court of Cassation ; he grants letters of grace, naturalization, etc. The Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs regulates every thing concerning public worship, the ex- penses of the clergy, repairs of diocesan edifices, etc.- The presentation to archbishoprics, bishoprics, and other eccle- siastical dignities, is delegated to a bishop, chosen for that purpose. The Bureau of the Minister of Justice is open every day from 12 till 2, except Sundays and fête-days. The public are received by the Secretary- General on Mondays and Fridays, from 8 till 9 o'clock. 8. The Minister of Public Instruction, rue de Grenelle- St.-Germain, 116. To this minister belongs the nomina- tion of the divers functionaries of the Academies, of the Schools of Law, of Medicine, Sciences, Letters, etc.; and with him is the authorization of opening new institutions, and academies. Audiences of the ministers may be had on application by letter, stating the subject on which conference is desired. PRIVY COUNCIL.-The number of members of the Privy AMBASSADORS, ETC. 71 Council is not fixed. It is convoked only by special orders from the King; by whom or by the President of the Council of Ministers it is presided, and only deliberates upon such affairs as are specially submitted to it. THE COUNCIL OF STATE-composed of an indefinite num- ber of Councillors, Masters of Requests, and Auditors, named by the King—is divided into four committees, viz. Administrative Justice and Legislation ; Interior and Com merce ; Finances ; and War, Marine, and the Colonies. It is presided by the King, the President of the Council, or the Keeper of the Seals ; the Ministers and the heads of the administrations have a deliberative voice. In this Council are discussed and prepared all projects of laws and ordinances ; its deliberations are public . - The Secre- tary-General's office is at the Hôtel Molé, rue St. - Domi- nique-St. -Germain, 58. The Committee of Administrative Justice and Legislation assembles at the office of the Se- cretary-General ; that of Interior and Commerce, rue de Grenelle-St. -Germain, 103 ; that of Finances, rue de Rivoli, 48 ; that of War and Marine Affairs, rue de l'Université, 61 . AMBASSADORS , ETC. Austria and Parma, Comte d'Appony, rue St. - Dominique, 121. Baden, Gertslacher, resident minister, rue Basse du Rem- part, 18. Bavaria, Baron de Pfeffel, envoy extraordinary, minister plenipotentiary, rue du faubourg St.-Honoré, 33. Belgium, Le Hon, envoy ext. , min. plen. , rue de la Chaussée d'Antin, 7. Brazil, Chevalier Da Rocha, envoy ext. , min. plen. , rue de Clichy, 27. Central America, Herrera, envoy ext. , min. plen., rue de Provence, 21. Chili, De la Barra, chargé d'affaires, rue de Provence, 31 . Denmark, De Juel, envoy ext. , min. plen. , rue Chauchat, 2. Free Towns, Rumpff, resident minister, rue Caumartin, 22. Great Britain, Viscount Granville, ambassador extraor- dinary, rue du faubourg St. -Honoré, 39. Greece, Prince Soutzo, envoy ext. , min. plen. , rue Miro- ménil, 29. 72 AMBASSADORS, ETC. Hanover, Comte de Grote, envoy ext. , min. plen. , rue Tronchet, 14. Hesse-Darmstadt, Baron de Pappenheim, chargé d'affaires, rue de Clichy, 25. Hesse-Electorale, resident minister, rue de Clichy, 9. Holland, Baron Fagel, envoy ext. , min. plen . , rue de la Ville l'Evêque, 10. Lucca, Comte de Colombi, chargé d'affaires, r. Taitbout, 24. Mecklenburg-Schwerin, De Oerthling, resident minister, rue de la Madeleine, 14. Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Saxe Weimar, Weyland, chargé- d'affaires, rue Caumartin, 7. Mexico, Murphy, chargé d'affaires, rue Neuve-St.- Augus- tin , 50. Nassau, De Fabricius, chargé d'affaires, rue de la Ville l'Evêque, 10. Portugal, Chev. Daupias, chargé d'affaires, rue Louis- le- Grand, 25. Prussia, Baron de Werther, envoy ext. , min . plen. , rue de Lille, 85. Roman States, Abbé Garibaldi , chargé d'affaires, rue de Bellechasse, 38. Russia, Comte Pozzo di Borgo, ambassador extraordinary, rue des Champs-Elysées , 1. Sardinia, Comte de Sales, rue St. - Dominique, 69. Saxe Royale, Baron Kenneritz, envoy ext. , min, plen. , rue de la Pepinière, 21 . Spain,, rue Taitbout, 24. Sweden, envoy ext. , min. plen. , rue d'Anjou-St.- Honoré, 58. Switzerland, De Tschann, chargé d'affaires , rue Neuve-desMaturins, 23. Tuscany, Berlingheri, resident min. , rue Marché d'Agues- seau, 4. Two Sicilies, Versace, chargé d'affaires, rue Neuve-de- Bellechasse, 17. United States, Livingston, envoy ext. , min. plen. , rue de l'Université, 82. Wurtemberg, Comte de Mülinen, envoy ext. , min. plen . , rue Neuve-des-Mathurins, 10. CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 731333 MILITARY GOVERNMENT, CIVIL ADMINISTRA- TION, ETC. General Staff of the First Military Division, rue de Lille, No. 1. Staff of the Garrison of Paris, place Vendome, No. 7. Council of War, rue du Cherche-Midi, No. 39. The Garde Nationale for the Department of the Seine consists of 16 legions of infantry and one legion of cavalry. The 16 legions of infantry are formed as follows : viz.: one legion for each of the 12 Arrondisements of Paris, bearing the number of its arrondisement ( each legion con- sisting of four battalions) , and 4 legions for the banlieue, -the 1st, for St.-Denis and Pantin, consists of nine batta- lions ; the 2d, for Courbevoie and Neuilly, is formed of eight battalions ; the 3d, for Villejuif and Sceaux, has six battalions ; and the 4th, for Vincennes and Charenton, four. The legion of cavalry, which bears the number 13 , is composed of six squadrons . The 1st and 2d legions of the banlieue have also, each a squadron of cavalry. The corps of artillery which was disbanded in June, 1832, has not yet been reorganised . Etat-Major-General, place du Carrousel. CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. The Minister of Public Instruction is at the head of the Civil Administration, which is composed of the Prefect of the Department of the Seine, of the Council of Prefecture, of the Council- General of the Department, of the Prefect of Police, of the Mayors and Deputy-Mayors, of the Juges de Paix, ofthe Commissaries of Police, and of a Tribunal of Municipal Police. Prefecture of the Department of the Seine, Hôtel de Ville. -The office is open every day from 3 to 4 o'clock, except holidays. All public buildings and establishments, edifices devoted to divine worship , public works, streets , and public ways, military and benevolent institutions, hos- pitals, and markets, are under the superintendance of the Prefect of the Seine. The public fêtes, the excise duties, 74 CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. the direct taxes, and the domains of the state also fall under his jurisdiction . The Council of Prefecture is com- posed of five members, presided by the prefect, who decide all administrative differences within the authority of the prefect. The Departmental Council, is composed of 24 members, who assemble every year at a period fixed by government ; its session never exceeds 15 days. This council names from its body its president and secretary; it fixes the proportion in which all the direct taxes are to be laid on, takes cognizance of all claims made for re- duction, examines the annual accounts of the expenses of the prefecture, and expresses its opinion upon the state and necessities of the department. The prefect may be present at those sittings which have not for their object the examination of his accounts and expenses. The functions are honorary. Besides this departmental council there is a commission of five members, called the Commission de Repartition des Contributions Directes, place de l'Hôtel de Ville, No. 8, charged with the execution of the same functions for the city of Paris. Grande Voirie.-Two Inspectors-general and 13 Com- missaires-voyers form a bureau which is presided by the prefect, and assembles on Tuesdays at 2 o'clock. This bureau determines the direction of the new streets, looks after the improvement and enlargement of the old ones, examines the solidity of the new constructions, allows or prevents the opening of doors and windows, and orders the repair of walls next the street. For many years a regular plan for enlarging and improving the streets of Paris has been perseveringly pursued. No streets are allowed to be constructed which have less than 30 feet in width ; whilst that of all the principal streets is fixed at from 40 to 60 feet. Direction des Contributions Directes, rue de la Verrerie , 55.-The comptrollers listen to complaints on Saturdays from 11 to 3 o'clock. General Financial Receipt Office for the Department, rue St.- Honoré, 337. Direct Tax Collectors.-Twenty- four, -two for each arrondisement. Their bureaux are open from 9 till 2. Administration de l'Octroi de Paris, rue Pinon, 2.- Office open every day from 11 till 4. CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. 75 Direction de la Caisse de Poissy, rue du Grand Chantier, No. 1.-This fund is in the hands of government, and supplies the butchers with ready money for the purchase of cattle. A duty of three and a half centimes is levied upon the whole amount of the sale, and goes to the funds of the city. The number of butchers in Paris is between 3 and 400, each of whom has a monthly account open with this bank, for which he pays interest at the rate of five per cent. per annum. The Caisse Syndicale des Boulangers, rue des JardinSt.-Paul, No. 10, is charged with providing funds for the supply of flour to the bakers of Paris, 600 in number, who are compelled to keep either in dépôt, or on their own premises, a quantity sufficient for two month's ordinary consumption . The General Council of Management for the Hospitals, composed of 17 members, assembles at the Hôtel de Ville, on Wednesdays, at 2 o'clock. It superintends every thing connected with the hospitals, and other benevolent insti- tutions. Administration du Mont- de- Piété, rue des Blancs- Manteaux, 18 ; succursale rue des Petits-Augustins, 20.- This institution was created in 1777 for the profit of the hospitals. It enjoys the exclusive privilege of lending on pledges, four-fifths of the value of the weight of articles in gold and silver, and two-thirds of the value of other effects. It is necessary to be known, or to have papers en règle to obtain a loan for a year at the rate of 9 per cent. per annum. Articles may be redeemed within the year, but the fortnight commenced is always reckoned. If the interest be not paid before the expiration of thirteen months, the goods are sold by auction. The surplus may be claimed by the borrower within three years from the date of the duplicate. Previous tothe end of the year the duplicate may be renewed by paying the interest due upon it; it is then good for another year. At the expiration of the third year the goods are sold without reserve. value of articles pledged within the year sometimes amounts o between 30 and 40 million francs ; on an average, fourifths of the articles pledged are redeemed, one - sixth are old, and the rest renewed by paying the yearly interst. The loans made bythe commissioners having bureaux The 76 CIVIL ADMINISTRATION. in different parts of Paris, are more burdensome from the per centage which they exact. Central Office for Gauging, Weighing, Measuring, etc. , as also for the exaction of town dues. -This establishment is charged with the measuring of the stones to be employed in the erection of the public edifices of the town and the department. It is also commissioned with the levying of the town dues in the markets, wharfs, and other places which are under the inspection of the police . Any of its officers are competent to decide in individual discussions when requested to do so. Their fees in such cases amount to 5fr. for three hours. Office, rue Bourtibourg, 21 , open every day from 9 till 4. Town Treasury, Hôtel de Ville, open every day from 10 till 3. Pay-days, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Mairies. Paris is divided into 12 municipal arrondise- ments, at the head of each of which are a mayor and two deputy-mayors, who give audience every day. It is the business of the mayors to solemnize marriages, and take cognizance of births and deaths. Marriage in France being a civil contract can dispense with the sanction of the church, though not with that of the parents, and this with- out any reference to the age of the parties. Births are re- ported and registered here within three days after the delivery of the mother. The child is presented by the mid- wife attended by two witnesses of the male sex. Deaths are also reported and enregistered here in the presence of two witnesses of the male sex ; the body of the deceased having been first examined by a physician , and the cause of his death ascertained , at the request of the mayor. Each arrondisement contains four quarters. The following is a list of the mairies and quartiers : 1st. -Mairie, rue du faubourg St.-Honoré, 14. —Quartiers, Tuileries, Champs-Elysées, Roule, place Vendome. 2d. -Marie, rue Pinon, 2.-Quartiers, Chaussée d'Antin, Palais-Royal, Feydeau, faubourg Montmartre. 3d. -Mairie, place des Petits- Pères. - Quartiers, fau- bourg Poissonnière , Montmartre, St.-Eustache, Mail. 4th.-Mairie, place du Chevalier- du- Guet, 4.—Quar- tiers, St.-Honoré, Louvre, Marchés, Banque de France. 5th. -Mairie, rue de Bondy, 20. -Quartiers, Bonne- Nouvelle, faubourg St.-Denis, Porte- St.-Denis, Montorgueil. POLICE ADMINISTRATION. 77 6th.-Mairie, rue St. - Martin, 208, 210.--Quartiers, Temple,Lombards, Porte- St.-Denis, St.- Martin- des- Champs. 7th.-Mairie, rue des Francs- Bourgeois. -Quartiers, Arcis, Ste.-Avoye, Mont- de- Piété, marché St. -Jean. 8th.-Mairie, place Royale, 14.-Quartiers, Quinze- Vingts, Popincourt, faubourg St.- Antoine, Marais. 9th.-Mairie, rue Geoffroi - l'Asnier, 25. -Quartiers, Cité, Arsenal, Ile- St. -Louis, Hôtel- de- Ville. 10th.-Mairie, rue Verneuil, 13.-Quartiers, Invalides, Monnaie, St.-Thomas-d'Aquin, faubourg St. -Germain. 11th.-Mairie, rue Garancière, 10. —Quartiers, Luxembourg, Ecole-de- Médecine, Sorbonne, Palais- de- Justice. 12th.-Mairie, rue St-.Jacques, 262.-Quartiers, Jardin du Roi, Observatoire, St. - Jacques, St. -Marcel. The Mairies are open every day from nine till four ; except Sundays and holidays, when they close at twelve. The mayors give audience from eleven till two. The Stamp-Office (Bureau du Timbre) is open every day, except holidays, from nine till four. Stamped paper may be procured in 46 bureaux in different parts of the town, from eight till four. Conservation des Hypothèques (Mortgages), rue de Cadran, 9. -Office open from nine till four. 26. Direction des Douanes (Customs), faubourg Poissonnière, Poste aux Chevaux, rue Pigalle, 2. For regulations regarding Posting, see page 10. POLICE ADMINISTRATION. The Prefecture de Police is quai des Orfèvres, 1. Au- diences of the prefect may be had on Tuesdays at two o'clock, and daily from 11 till 12. The office is open on other days from 9 till 4, except holidays. The Bureau de Sureté is open day and night. This magistrate, to whom is confided the safety, the cleanliness, and the salubrity of thetown, has under his immediate orders the commissaires of the different arrondisements of Paris, the municipal guard, and the corps of sapeurs- pompiers (firemen) . He examines and delivers passports and permissions of residence, suppresses mendicity and prostitution, inspects pri- sons, houses of detention, and furnished hôtels, administers 7 * 78 POLICE ADMINISTRATION. succour in case of fire, or accidents occasioned by the over- flowing of the river, affords aid to drowned or suffocated persons, provides for the safety of commerce by the annual verification of the weights and measures, seizes prohibited goods and deleterious viands, fixes the price of bread, pro- hibits unwholesome manufactures within the town, and sees that Paris is well provided with corn, meat, and other provisions. He exercises controul over the theatres and places of public resort, and over assemblies for divine worship, delivers permission to carry fire-arms, presides at the drawing of the lottery, exercises a vigilant eye over hawkers, pedlars, salesmen, and brokers ; over the hackney coaches andtheir drivers, and over the baths, and stationing and unloading of boats on the Seine ; distributes medals to the porters employed in the markets, on the wharfs, and on the public places ; and apprehends and brings to justice all persons accused of crimes, or misdemeanours. In the Cour d'Harlay, 13, is a bureau where workmen, before they can exercise their calling, are compelled to provide themselves with a livret. Their entrance into em- ployment must be certified bythe commissary of the quarter in which their employer resides, and their quitting it at the bureau of the prefecture. The Council of Salubrity is composed of physicians, apothecaries, and scientific men, who consult upon the means to be employed for the preservation of the public health, the prevention of disease, and the remedying, as much as possible, the fatal influences arising from the de- leterious exhalations of all kinds constantly observable in every large town. The sittings are held at the Prefecture every other Friday. The Officefor the Verification ofWeights and Measures, is rue Chanoinesse, 9.-Weights and measures, before beingemployed in commerce, must be verified and punched at this office. Inspectors annually examine those in con- stant use. Commissaires de Police. -Forty-eight of these magistrates are established in the 48 quarters into which Paris is divided ; their residence may be known at night by a square lantern hanging at the door. Their office is to watch over the details of the police in the quarters in which they reside ; and see that the town is properly lighted and POLICE ADMINISTRATION. 7.9 cleaned. They make the first examination into crimes and ǝffences ; deliver the certificates, upon affirmation by two householders, necessary for procuring cartes de sureté ›r new passports, if the old ones have been lost ; they are in constant communication with the people, and listen to their most trifling complaints. MunicipalGuards. -The municipal guards of Paris are under the immediate orders of the prefect of police ; this body is composed of two battalions of infantry of four companies each ( 128 men to each company) , and two squadrons of cavalry of two companies each (98 men to each company) ; in all, 1443 men, including officers . They attend day and night to the preservation of public order Their barracks are in the rue Mouffetard, the Minimes, place Royale, rue du faubourg St.-Martin, and rue de Tournon. The staff of the Sapeurs-Pompiers, also under the or- ders of the prefect, is quai des Orfèvres, 20. This corps , destined to the public service in case of fire , etc. , is di- vided into four companies, which are stationed in the following barracks, rue du faubourg St.-Martin, 126 ; rue de la Paix, 4 ; rue Culture Ste. -Catherine, 9 ; and rue du Vieux Colombier, 15. They have at their disposition, in 31 different guard-houses, and in their dépôts, 73 fire- engines, without counting those belonging to the theatres, slaughter-houses, and other barracks, and two floating- engines. 217 fountains and 1338 water-carts are also at their service on emergencies. Succour to drowned or suffocated persons. -Individuals witnessing accidents on the Seine, or elsewhere, are bound to make known the circumstance at the first military post or nearest commissary, or call in the prompt aid of a phy- sician or surgeon. A reward of 25fr. is given to him who picks up a drowning person, if he succeed in restoring ani- mation ; and 15fr. if the efforts employed are fruitless. Apparatus for succour is found in 49 places on the banks of the river. The Morgue, Marché-Neuf. -Here are publicly exposed, for a time limited by the state of the body, such unknown persons as are found drowned, or meet with sudden, violent, or accidental death in the public streets. They are deposited on inclined marble tablets, with their faces to- 80 COURTS AND TRIBUNALS. wards the public, and their clothes hung up over them, as an additional means of recognition, in a room separated from the spectators by a glass partition. The number of corpses deposited in this place in 1832 was 344, of which 278 male and 66 female. COURTS AND TRIBUNALS. The Minister of Justice is the supreme head of all the judicial courts in the kingdom. Justice is rendered in the name of the King, by the Juges de Paix, the Tribunals of Commerce, of Première Instance, the Royal Courts, and the Court of Cassation. The Court of Cassation, Palais de Justice. -The Court of Cassation is composed of a chief president, three presidents, forty- five councillors, a procuror- general, four ad- vocates-general, and a recorder . This court does not go into the merits of any case, but quashes the decisions or judgments of other courts, for informality or false appli- cation of the laws, and refers the affair for ulterior inves- tigation to another tribunal. Sentences pronounced in civil or criminal cases uniformly admit of appeal to this court. The term for appeal in civil cases is three months ; in criminal matters, misdemeanors, etc. , only three days. This court is composed of three sections ; that of Requests, whose sittings are held on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays ; those for the Section Civile are Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays ; for the Section Criminelle, Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. The vacations for civil cases are from the first of September to the 31st of October. Sixty advocates have the exclusive right of pleading before this court. Cour des Comptes, Palais de Justice. This Court is composed of a chief president, three presidents, eighteen masters of accounts, eighty référendaires, and a procurorgeneral. It examines all the principal accounts of the kingdom, and administers the oaths to the collectors, pay- ers, etc. It is divided into three chambers ; the first judges of the accounts relating to the public receipts, on Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdays ; the second, those relating to the receipts and expenditures of the communes, on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays. The sittings COURTS AND TRIBUNALS. 81 commence at 9 o'clock. to the 1st November. Vacation from the 1st September The Cour Royale, Palais de Justice, is composed of a chief president, five presidents, fifty -four titulary counsel- lors, twelve auditor-counsellors, a procuror-general, four advocates-general, eleven deputy advocates, and a re- corder. It is divided into five chambers, of which three are civil, one of appeal from the sentences for misde- meanors, and another of mises en accusation . The presi- dent of the Court of Assizes for its own jurisdiction, and the presidents of the courts of assize for Paris are selected from this court. The ordinary civil sittings for the first chamber are held on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Saturdays, at 9 o'clock, and on Fridays at 12 ; of the second, on Mondays and Tuesdays at 12, and Wednesdays and Thursdays at 9; ofthe third, Wednesdays and Thursdays at 12, and Fridays and Saturdays at 9. The sittings formed by the union of two chambers, are held on Mondays and Saturdays at 12 o'clock, from the Monday after the first Sunday in December to the 15th August. The first civil chamber, and that of appeals, hold extraordinary sittings for the judgment of offences by the press. During the time of this union of the courts, the ordinary sittings are held at 9 o'clock instead of 12. The chamber of appeal from sentences for misdemeanours holds its sessions each month on days fixed by the president. The chamber of accusation holds its sittings on Tuesdays and Fridays. The courts of assize and special courts are held every day at 9 o'clock till all the cases are disposed of. Va- cation fromthe 1st September to 1st November. A cham- ber of vacations judges of urgent cases. The chamber des mises en accusation, the chamber of appeal from sentences for misdemeanors, and the courts of assize, have no va- cation. The jurisdiction of this court extends to the civil tribunals and tribunals of commerce for the departments of the Aube, the Eure-et-Loire, the Marne, the Seine, and the Seine- et-Oise, for which departments the counsellors of this court sit as judges in criminal matters. A great number of advocates have the right of pleading before this court and the tribunals within its jurisdiction. They give gratuitous consultations to the poor on Tuesdays, from two to four o'clock, in their library, at the Palais de Justice. Sixty 82 COURTS AND TRIBUNALS. avones have alone the right of speaking before the Cour Royale. Tribunal de Première Instance, Palais de Justice.- This court is composed of a president, seven vice-presi- dents, thirty-four judges, of whom ten are examining magistrates (juges d'instruction) , fourteen deputy judges, a procureur du roi, fifteen deputy-procureurs, a recorder- in-chief, and 22 sworn recorders. It is divided into seven chambers ; the four first take cognizance of civil affairs, except in family concerns and in disputes relating to suc- cessions, whch are reserved for the first chamber ; the fifth chamber is occupied with summary causes ; the sixth and seventh with misdemeanours. The sittings are daily, Sundays and Mondays excepted, first chamber at half-past 9 ; second, at 10 ; the third at half- past 10 ; the fourth, at 11 ; the fifth, at 10 ; the sixth, at 10 ; and the seventh, at 11. The first chamber is compétent to make seizures of real property, on Thursdays, after the transaction of the business of the day ; one of the judges presides over the audience of proclamation of sale by auction on Wednes- days and Saturdays, at 12. The reports are made Tues- days, Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays at one o'clock, by the President. The vacations of the civil chambers are from the Ist of September to the 1st of November. There are no advocates at this tribunal : 150 avoués have the ex- clusive right of pleading. Huissiers.-One hundred and fifty bailiffs find employ- ment at the different tribunals. Notaries.-The notaries who give authenticity to con- tracts and voluntary agreements, and who draw up leases, make wills, administer oaths, etc., are 114 in number. Their chamber of discipline holds its sittings, place du Châtelet, No. 2, every Thursday, at 8 o'clock in the even- ing. The sale of estates and other real property takes place here on Tuesdays. Commissaires Priseurs. -The number of licensed auctioneers and appraisers at Paris amounts to eighty. Their chamber of discipline is place de la Bourse, corner of the rue Notre-Dame- des -Victoires. The sittings are held on Thursdays at 7 o'clock , except the Thursdays the nearest to the 15th January, March, May, July, September, and November, when the sittings take place at 2 o'clock. COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMents. 83 Tribunal de Commerce, at the Exchange. —This tribunal is composed of a president, eight judges, and sixteen deputy- judges, chosen from amongst the most respectable merchants, by themselves, and approved of by the King. They take cognizance of all questions and disputes relating to commerce, failures, etc., and decide definitively the settling of all commercial accounts under 1000fr. This court holds its sittings on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, at 10 o'clock, for summary causes ; and for pleadings on Mondays and Wednesdays, at 12. Ten officers, called Gardes du Commerce, are charged with the apprehension of such persons as this court decides shall be arrested. Tribunal de Police Municipal. -The Justices of the Peace hold alternately a court at the Palais de Justice, and decide upon such breaches of police regulations as do not incur a penalty of more than 15fr. , or imprisonment for more than five days. A commissary of police fulfils the office of counsel for the prosecution. Tribunaux de Paix.-In each arrondisement are offices where the municipal magistrates settle in a summary man- ner the trifling disputes, so constantly occurring in all large towns, relative to money and other matters. The offices are, for the first arrondisement, rue Caumartin, 33 ; 2d, rue Neuve- St.- Augustin, 30 ; 3d, rue Hauteville, 10 ; 4th, place du Chevalier- du- Guet, 4 ; 5th, rue de Bondy, 20 ; 6th, rue Dupuis-Vendome, 9 ; 7th, rue du Roi- de- Sicile, 32 ; 8th, place Royale, 14 ; 9th, rue St. - Antoine, S8 ; 10th, rue de Lille, 4 ; 11th, rue Garancière, 10 ; 12th, quai de la Tournelle, 31 . In cases of death or bankruptcy, applications may be made to the Juges de Paix at any hour of the day or the night, for the putting on of the seals. COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS. The Chamber ofCommerce assembles at the Exchange on Wednesdays. It consists of fifteen members, five of whom are elected every year, presided by the prefect of the de- partment. This Chamber is appointed to watch over the commercial interests of the city, to present projects to go- vernment for the amelioration of commerce, and to observe that the laws against smuggling are enforced. 84 COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS. The Exchange is open daily, except Sundays and holi- days, from half- past one till half-past three, for the negoti- ation of public effects, and till five o'clock for other trans- actions. There are 60 agens de change, 60 courtiers de commerce, and 8 courtiers d'assurance, named by the King, who alone are authorised to transact business here. The agens de change negotiate public effects, bills of exchange, etc.; and, as they effect their negotiations, proclaim the price of stock. The courtiers de commerce fix the price of merchandise, the rates of insurance, freights, etc. , and can alone be admitted to plead before the tribunals, and ar- bitrate as to the validity and rate of commercial transac- tions, each in his own line. No stock can be transferred but by an agent de change. The agens de change and courtiers fix, at the close of the Exchange, the legal price of public effects and merchandise, which is entered upon the register of the Commissaire de la Bourse. Bank of France. From Sept. 23, 1803, the Bank of France has for 40 years the exclusive privilege of issuing notes payable to the bearer at sight. The operations of the Bank consist, firstly, in discounting bills of exchange and other commercial effects, to order, at dates which must not exceed three months, stamped, and signed by three merchants of undoubted credit. Secondly, in advanc- ing money on public effects at fixed dates. Thirdly, in advancing money on bullion, foreign gold, or silver, at the rate of one per cent. per annum. Fourthly, in keeping an exact account for all kinds of voluntary deposits, national and foreign government securities, shares, contracts, bonds of every kind, bills of exchange, bills to order or to bearer, bullion, national and foreign coin and diamonds, with a charge for keeping which cannot exceed an eighth of one per cent. upon the value of the deposit for every period of six months and under. Fifthly, in recovering payment of bills on account of individuals and public establishments. Sixthly, to open a running account with individuals and public establishments, and pay engagements contracted to the amount ofthe sums entrusted. -To be admitted to discount and to open a running account, a request must be made in writing to the governor, accompanied by a certi- ficate signed by the person making the request, and by three persons of undoubted credit, who certify his signa- COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS . 85 ture and that he honours his engagements. Bankrupts who have not been re- established cannot be admitted to discount. Though the usufruct of bank shares may be ceded , yet the fee-simple may still be disposed of. By a declara- tion ofthe proprietor the shares may be converted into real property; in which case they become subject to the laws which affect real property of every other kind . Discounting days are Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. For the exchange of bills against specie, the Bank is open daily from nine till four. Caisse d'Amortissement, rue et maison de l'Oratoire, is a bank charged with the operations relative to the redemption of the national debt. Caisse Hypothécaire, rue Neuve- St. - Augustin, 30.- This bank lends money on real estates at an interest of six per cent. Comptoir d'Escompte pour Paris, rue Pinon, 2.-Under the direction of the Government and the Town. This es- tablishment has been created for the purpose of succouring retail business, to which it has already rendered great ser- vices. Savings' Bank, Hôtel de la Banque de France. This philanthropical institution was established in 1818. Its administration is gratuitous ; the expenses being defrayed by the interest of a sum of money with which its founders endowed it. This bank receives on Sundays and Mondays, from ten o'clock till two, deposits from Ifr. up to 300fr. , for which it allows compound interest at the rate of four per cent. per annum. No individual can have a larger sum than 2000fr. in this bank, which, since its com- mencement, has opened more than 140,000 accounts. The whole or part of the deposits may be withdrawn on giving five days' notice. There are four branch banks, viz . , place Royale, 9 ; rue Garancière, 10 ; rue St.-Martin, 208 ; and faubourg St.-Honoré, 14. Town of Paris Mutual Fire Insurance Company, rue Richelieu, 89. On the 1st of January, 1833, the value of buildings insured by the company amounted to 1,600 mil- lions of francs. General Fire Insurance Company, rue Richelieu, 97.- This company has insured up to the amount of 16,000 millions of francs in France and foreign countries. At the 8 86 LAWS RELATING n same address is a General Maritime Fire Insurance Company. These Associations are perfectly independent of each other. Royal Life and Fire Insurance Company, rue de Me- nars, 3. French Phoenix Fire Insurance Company, rue NeuveSt.-Augustin, 18. Union Fire Insurance Company, place de la Bourse. West ofEngland Life Insurance Company, G. G. Ben- nis, Agent, rue Neuve- St.- Augustin. SunFire Insurance Company, rue du Helder, 13. Lloyd Français, place de la Bourse, 8. -This is a com- mercial establishment, in imitation of that of the same name in London, formed under the auspices of the minis- ters and commercial men of the capital. Considerable ma- ritime insurances are effected here. This establishment publishes an annual register giving full and particular de- tails of all merchant vessels. Here also merchants unite themselves into societies to take into consideration the ameliorations to be introduced into various branches of commerce. Insurance against Accidents caused by Voitures in Paris, rue de Hanovre, 21 . New French Gas-Light Company, faubourg Poisson- nière, 87. Companyfor Lighting Paris with Gas, rue de Rivoli, 10. Entrepôt for the Preservation of Agricultural Produce, Ivry-sur- Seine. Wines, brandies, and oil are preserved in caves hewn out of the solid rock. Corn, flour, and other articles are preserved in granaries constructed of hewn stone, and hermetically sealed . Docks at Charenton, at the confluence of the Seine and Marne. A basin of 42,000 square metres offers a shelter to boats on the river in seasons of frost, and during floods and high winds. It is at once a dépôt and floating market. LAWS RELATING TO FOREIGNERS. The following information on the laws of France re- specting foreigners is extracted from the useful and interesting work published by C. H. Okey, Esq. , entitled, “A Concise Digest of the Law, Usage, and Customs affecting TO FOREIGNERS. 87 the Commercial and Civil Intercourse of the Subjects of Great Britain and France. " Civil Rights. All foreigners residing in France are subject to the police regulations. A foreigner residing in France enjoys the same civil rights as are or may be granted to Frenchmen by the treaties of the nation to which such foreigner belongs . A foreigner, who has been permitted bythe government to establish his domicile in France, so long as he continues to reside there, is admitted to the enjoyment of all civil, although not of political rights. Arrest.-A foreigner not domiciled in France may be arrested conditionally, and before payment of the debt has been adjudged by the tribunals ; but the creditor is obliged to prosecute his suit within a fortnight after the arrest of the debtor, in default of which the debtor may demand his release. Aforeigner imprisoned at the suit of a French subject will be released at the expiration of two years, where the debt does not amount to 500fr.; after four years, where it does not amount to 1000fr.; six years, where it is not 3000fr.; eight years, where it is not 5000fr.; and 10 years, for 5000fr. and above. 1 An Wills. An English will made in France should be at- tested by the like number of witnesses, and the same formalities should be observed as if it was made in Eng- land. French wills are of several descriptions. olographic will is not valid, unless written throughout, dated, and signed by the testator. A single word written by another person would render it invalid. A will by public act is received by two notaries in the presence of two witnesses, or by one notary in the presence of four witnesses. In either case it must be read over to the testator, in the presence of the witnesses, of the whole of which mention must be expressly made. If the will is dictated in a par- ticular or provincial idiom, the notary will write it in correct language. The will must be signed by the testator, or if he cannot write, express mention must be made in the acte of his declaration to that effect. The will must be further signed by the witnesses. Births.-The French law requires that a declaration of every birth be made at the mairie, within three days after the delivery, the child being shown to the officer. This declaration should be made by the midwife or other per- 88 LAWS RELATING TO FOREIGNERS. sons who have attended at the birth ; and when the mother has been delivered out of her own house, by the party at whose house the accouchement took place. All persons present at the delivery are liable to fine and imprisonment if this formality be neglected . A child born in France of foreign parents who would enjoy participation in civil rights, must claim it within a year after he becomes of age. Marriage. -Marriages celebrated by a minister of the Church of England in the chapel or house of any British ambassador or minister residing within the country to the court of which he is accredited, are as valid as if solemnised in England, with a due observance of all forms re- quired by law. Where, however, either of the parties be not British subjects, this marriage should be preceded by a marriage solemnised according to the laws of France. The laws of France do not take cognizance of the English law of divorce. A French woman who marries a foreigner follows the condition of her husband. An English woman marrying a Frenchman becomes naturalised by the mar- riage. Deaths. In case of death, an immediate declaration must be made at the mairie by the friends of the deceased, stating the Christian names, surname, age, profession, do- micile of the deceased, etc. Interment must not take place until the body has been visited by the mayor, or physician appointed by him to ascertain the cause of dissolution ; nor until twenty-four hours after decease, except in cases otherwise provided by the regulations of the police. On the death of a foreigner, in the absence of the parties interested in the safety of the personal property of the de- ceased, the juge de paix , as soon as the intelligence reaches him, proceeds to his residence for the immediate affixing of the seals. The seals cannot be removed but upon demand of the persons interested, in person or by proxy, and not until three days after the burial if they have been placed before it, or until three days after the sealing when sealed after burial. Fishing.-Every person is allowed to fish, provided it be with a line and float only, the spawning season excepted , in all rivers, canals, and navigable streams belonging to the government. The fishing season is fixed by royal or- dinance.

CHATEAU DES TUILERIES COLONADE DULOUVRE RUE DE RIVOLI Villerydel atsculps PALACE OF THE TUILERIES. 89 Shooting. The permission of port- d'armes may be ob- tained at every prefecture upon payment of the duty, 15fr. per annum. The permission is not transferable. The principal regulations are that it must not be on another's property without consent of the proprietor ; nor on a per- son's own unenclosed property, unless during the season ; nor during the season on proprietor's own unenclosed lands unless by permission of a port-d'armes. The season is usually from the 1st of September to the 1st of April. PALACES. PALACE OF THE TUILERIES. The ground on which this edifice stands was originally occupied by tile -kilns, whence the name is derived . The foundations of this kingly residence were laid by Catherine de Medicis, in 1564. She built the centre pavilion in the front of the palace, with the ranges of building immediately adjoining, and the pavilions by which they are terminated. The designs for this part of the edifice were by Philibert Delorme and Jean Bullant. The palace was further enlarged under Henry IV. and Louis XIII. , bythe architects Ducerceau and Dupérac. Louis XIV. employed Levau and and d'Orbay, to harmonize this extensive front, which he completed almost in the state in which it exists at the pre- sent time. The façade towards the court consists of five pavilions connected together by four ranges of buildings. Almost every order of architecture is employed in the em- bellishment of this façade. The deviations from the original plan have destroyed the proportions required by the strict rules of art ; nevertheless the architecture, though variously blended, presents at first sight an ensemble which is magnificent and striking. The front is adorned by Ionic pillars, above which, on the centre pavilions, and the piles of building which connect them, appears the Corinthian order, surmounted by an attic story, above which is a balustrade. The two other ranges of building, with the pavilions which terminate them, are ornamented with fluted 8 * 90 PALACES : columns of the Composite order. The front of the Pavillon de l'Horloge is ornamented, on the ground floor, with banded columns of red marble of the Ionic order. In niches on each side of the portico are antique marble statues representing Apollo Moneta and a Faun. The upper stories adorned by Corinthian and Composite columns, in brown and red marble, support a pediment which con- tains a clock by Lepaute. On the pediment are two re- cumbent statues, representing Justice and Prudence. Twenty-two marble busts ornament this façade. The front towards the garden presents only three pa- vilions decorated with the Ionic and the Corinthian orders. On each side of the vestibule of the centre pavilion, which is ornamented in precisely the same manner as towards the court, are ancient statues in marble, representing Mars and Minerva. On pedestals on each side of the entrance are lions in white marble. The gallery of the Louvre bordering the Seine was be- gun on continued the side next the Louvre by Henry IV. , by Louis XIII. , and joined to the Pavillon de Flore by Louis XIV. The length of this gallery is 222 toises. Its façades are crowned throughout its whole length by alter- nate triangular and semicircular pediments. From the Tuileries to the Pavillon de l'Horloge these pediments are supported by coupled columns of the Composite order, and from this point to the Louvre are two ranges of coupled pilasters placed one above the other. Those below are Doric, those above Corinthian. The resemblance of the pediments and windows renders this striking difference in the style of architecture less remarkable. The ground floor of this edifice is pierced with arches, forming carriage and foot ways from the quai du Louvre to the place du Carrousel ; the second story, in its whole length, is occu- pied by the picture gallery of the Louvre. A parallel gal- lery of similar architecture was begun in 1808, next the rue de Rivoli ; it commences at the Pavillon Marsan, and will be continued to the Louvre, where the constructions to which it is to be connected are already commenced. It serves for the residence of the governor of the palace ; and is the Etat-Major-Général of the National Guards. The grand western vestibule of this palace is decorated with Ionic columns. On the side nearest the garden it THE TUILERIES. 91 communicates with covered galleries, one of which leads to the back staircase of the King's apartments, the other to the chapel. On the right is a magnificent staircase, con- structed by Levau and d'Orbay. It is skirted by a stone balustrade, ornamented with lyres and snakes under suns, the crest of Louis XIV.; above are the arms of Colbert. On the landing place ofthe Salle des Cent Suisses are two statues of Silence, and seated statues of D'Aguesseau and L'Hôpital. Hence a staircase leads to the Chapel, which is decorated with two orders of Doric columns, in stone and stucco. The back ground is occupied by the sanctuary and altar-piece, opposite is the king's pew, above which is the orchestra for the music ; there are side pews for the ladies and officers of the household. On the ceiling of the antichamber, a small room formerly occupied by the Coun- cil of State, is a painting representing the Maréchal de Saxe, announcing the issue of the battle of Fontenoy to Louis XV. Behind the chapel, on the same floor, is the Theatre ; it is ornamented with Ionic columns, supporting four arches, on which rests an elliptical dome. Opposite to the stage is the king's box, on each side of which are amphitheatres for the ladies. The pit, the gallery, and the first tier of boxes are occupied by the court and royal house- hold. Persons invited to the representations take seats in the rez-de-chaussée, in the loges grillées, and in the two rows of boxes above the amphitheatres. The decorations are elegant and rich. In order to convert it into a salle de bal, or banqueting-room, a flooring is laid down over the pit level with the stage, and the decorations of the in- terior are repeated in the movable constructions erected in front of the proscenium. In this state it forms a magnifi- cent saloon, lighted by two lustres and a hundred chan- deliers. The Salle des Maréchaux occupies the whole of the centre pavilion. It is ornamented with full length portraits of the living marshals of France. A balcony, sustained by consoles, or brackets, extends round the room. On the side next the garden is a tribune, supported by caryatides, copied from those in the Louvre byJean Goujon. This room communicates with the Salon des Nobles, which receives light from six windows on each side. It was formerly called the salle des Gardes ; its decorations are mili- 92 PALACES

tary, being painted en grisaille, with military marches, battles, etc. Beyond this is the Salon de la Paix, which derives its name from a colossal statue of Peace, of which the model is by Chaudet ; this room is embellished bymag- nificent lustres, bronzes, busts, superb vases, and rich fur- niture. The ceiling, painted by Loir, represents the Rising Sun gilding the Earth with its first beams ; Time is show- ing him the space he has to run ; Spring, followed by Abundance and Fame, is proclaiming his benefits ; and the four quarters of the globe rejoice in his gifts. The Salle du Trône is contiguous. It receives light on the side next the court from three windows. In the centre of this apartment is a lustre of extraordinary beauty, and in the angles are rich candelabras. On the ceiling is a painting by Flémael, representing France protected by Religion . The next room is the Salle du Conseil, magnificent with gildings, paintings, and sculptures executed in this age, but after the style of the time of Louis XIV. The same style is remarkable in the chimney- piece, on which M. Taunay has sculptured the History of France, surrounded by military trophies. Above is a fine time-piece by Lepaute. In this apartment are two beautiful tapestries from the Gobelins, one representing the painter Zeuxis choosing his models from among the most beautiful women of Greece ; and the other, Helen pursued by Paris. Two large vases of the manufacture of Sèvres may also be observed here. On one ofthem is painted the enthusiasm of the inhabit- ants of Paris, dragging the statue of Henry IV. to the Pont- Neuf; on the other is the inauguration ofthe same statue. This room communicates with the king's bed-chamber. At the extremity of the state apartments is the Galerie de Diane, the ceiling of which is ornamented by copies of the paintings of the Farnese gallery, executed by the pupils of the FrenchAcademy. Large mirrors between the windows and at the two extremities of this room, in reproducing its ornaments seem to augment its extent. Some incidents in the life of Louis XIV. are represented in tapestry of the Gobelins, and eight small pictures exhibit events in the life of Louis XVI. and his predecessors. This apartment is also ornamented with two Egyptian vases of great beauty ; they are of different kinds of marble, and eight feet in height, including the pedestals. THE TUILERIES. 93 Behind this gallery are the Appartemens de Service du Roi ; they look towards the garden, and the entrance to them is by the grand staircase in the pavillon de Flore. They consist of an antichamber, serving as a guard room, a dining room, le salon bleu, the king's cabinet, his dress- ing-room, and bed-chamber. The paintings on the ceilings in general allude to the education of Louis XIV.; that in the guard-room represents Mars making the tour of the globe, and marking each month of the year by victories. Nothing can exceed the king's bed-chamber in richness and elegance ; the ceiling is painted en grisaille, and orna- mented with caissons. It receives light by two windows onthe side of the garden. The Queen's apartments are on the ground floor ; the decorations, though less rich are more tasteful. The dining- room has but one window, but the mirrors are so skilfully distributed as to reflect an agreeable light through the whole apartment. A delightful picture of the Three Graces, by Blondel, gives its name to the saloon in which it is placed. The concert and billiard room are also fur- nished out in a sumptuous manner. Tickets to view the interior may be had on application by letter to Monsieur le Gouverneur du Château des Tuileries. But the private apartments are not shown except the family be in the country. The attendants expect three or four francs. PLACE DU CARROUSEL.-This name, which is derived from a tournament held on this spot by Louis XIV. on the 6th June, 1662, is given to the place enclosed within the vast galleries of the Tuileries and the Louvre. It is now nearly cleared of the ignoble buildings, with which, 30 years ago, it was encumbered. Fifteen thousand men can go through their manœuvres in this extensive square. It was formerly separated from the court of the palace by an elevated wall ; for this a splendid iron railing has been sub- stituted, erected on a wall four feet in height. It is sup- ported from distance to distance by columns terminating in gilded balls, surmounted by points resembling the miliary columns of the Romans. In this railing are three gates ; that in the centre is opposite to the triumphal arch ; the other two have on each side of them masonry work surmounted by statues. Entering the place from the rue de 94 PALACES : Rivoli, the first is Victory, having a standard in one hand and a crownin the other ; the second is Peace, with a symbol of valour in one hand, and a palm-branch in the other : these are by Petitot. The two others, by Gérard, are France victorious, and History, with a tablet and pencil. On the 24th December, 1800, as Bonaparte, then first consul, was going to the Opera, a machine, in the guise of a water- cart, placed at the entrance of the rue St. - Nicaise, was ignited and blew up the moment that magistrate's car- riage was passing. This machine was afterwards known by the name of the machine infernale. The shock was dreadful forty-six houses were injured by the explosion, eight persons killed, and twenty- eight others grievously wounded; but the hopes of the contrivers of the plot were frustrated, for the carriage of the consul escaped un- touched in consequence of the furious driving of the coachman, who, it is said , was inebriated. The houses which had received damage were pulled down, as much from their encumbering the square of the Carrousel as from the injury they had received . The troops who mount guard at the palace go through their exercises in the court of the Tuileries at nine o'clock in the morning. TRIUMPHAL ARCH.-This monument, which ornaments the principal entrance to the palace was erected in 1806, from designs by Messrs. Fontaine and Percier. It is 60 feet wide, by 20 and a half in thickness, and 45 in height. Like the arch of Septimius Severus, which served for its model, it is composed of three arches in its width, but in this monument these arches are intersected by a transver- sal arch. Its mass, in fine free-stone, is ornamented on each of its principal façades with four double columns of the Corinthian order, with bases and capitals of bronze, which support an entablature of which the frieze is of Italian griotta. These columns are crowned on each side by four statues, representing, on regarding them from the Carrousel, and beginning on the left of the spectator, a cuirassier, by Launay; a dragon, by Corbet ; a chasseur à cheval, by Foucou ; a carabinier, by Chinard. On the facade towards the Tuileries, beginning on the left hand, a grenadier de ligne, byDardel ; a carabinier, by Montony; a cannonier, by Bridan ; and a sapeur, by Dumont. The THE TUILERIES. 95 figures of Fame that adorn the façade next the palace are by Taunay ; those facing the place du Carrousel, by Dupasquier. Above the lateral and transversal openings are six bas-reliefs, representing the most memorable actions of the campaign of 1805. On the right, looking from the place du Carrousel, is the Victory ofAusterlitz, by Esper- cieux ; on the left the Capitulation of Ulm, by Castelier. Looking from the Tuileries on the right is the Interview of the Emperors, by Ramey ; on the left the Entry into Munich, by Claudion. On the north is the Entry into Vienna, by De Seine ; on the south the Peace of Presburg, by Le Sueur. This monument was formerly crowned with a triumphal car, drawn by the four celebrated bronze horses, cast at Corinth 200 years before the Christian era. The Romans having pillaged Corinth, the horses were carried to Rome ; from thence they were taken to Con- stantinople ; from this last town to Venice ; from Venice to Paris ; and thence back again to Venice, where they now are. These have been replaced by four horses ofthe same material, the work of Bosio. Critics say that these horses are at least equal to the ancient ones, whose chief claims to merit were their antiquity. GARDEN.In the time of Louis XIII. this space, containing 67 French acres, was separated from the palace by a street. It contained an orchard, a fish-pond, a menagerie, a theatre, the hôtel de Mlle. de Guise, and a garden which the great men of the time frequented in pleasure parties. Louis XIV. commanded Le Nôtre to lay out this ground in a style worthy the majesty of his crown. Never was prince better obeyed ; the genius of this great man has created a garden in which every thing is at once grand, simple, and symmetrical, but without monotony ; where each object is in its exact place, and in its proper proportions. The descent of the ground , which inclines towards the Seine, has been remedied by surrounding the garden with terraces. In front of the palace extends an immense parterre, glowing with all the varied tints of the rainbow, and changing with every season ; beyond it is a plantation of elms and chestnut trees, and at the extremity of this plantation is an octagonal piece of water. The grand alley in the garden which conducts from the centre pavilion of the palace to this point, extends beyond the garden through the Champs- 96 PALACES : Elysées, up to the Arc de Triomphe de l'Etoile, which, from the road being throughout of the same width, and of gentle ascent, offers a perspective view of no common beauty. The entire garden is profusely decorated with statues and marble vases. During the fine season the borders of all the alleys and avenues are studded with orange trees and laurel roses. In the parterre immediately in front of the palace are small fountains containing china and gold fish, and a larger one in which swans are occasionally seen. Surrounding these fountains, but separated by gravelled walks, are triangular grass- plots, around which are planted on slight but well- cultivated beds a luxurious profusion of odoriferous shrubs and flowers ; they are protected by an iron rail. Beyond a transversal alley, parallel with the palace are larger square plots of verdure, surrounded in the same manner by flowers, and before the plantation which immediately succeeds are statues and vases. The terrace spread out immediately beneath the windows of the palace has been lately transformed into a private garden for the royal family. This garden is separated from the public promenade by a ditch eight feet in depth, and by an iron railing, breast high; it is divided into two equal parts by a large alley conducting to the principal entrance of the palace, and is ornamented with some beautiful vases and statues, amongst which may be remarked fine copies of the Laocoon in bronze, Diana, the Pythian Apollo, Antinous, Venus leaving the bath, Hercules, etc. , etc .; these statues were formerly on the terrace next the river. The extremity next the place de la Concorde is not less happily em- bellished . The terraces being here of considerable elevation are not only ascended by steps but by inclined planes. They are covered with regular plantations, forming an agreeable termination to the promenades of the side ter- races. This elevated ground affords accommodation for numerous spectators on the occasion of the fêtes given in the Champs-Elysées. The following are most of the sta- tues worthy of notice. Entering the garden by the gate next the palace from the rue de Rivoli, before the private garden of the King, are-a fawn playing on a flute, by Coysevox ; the Scythian knife-grinder, and Venus seated on a tortoise, these two, by Keller, are in bronze ; the shepherd hunter and his dog, by Couston, sen. In return- THE TUILERIES. 97 ing, the next row of statues presents us with Diana draw- ing an arrow from a quiver, Cupid bears her bow, Couston, sen.; Cupid and Love, ibid.; Flora, to whom Zephir presents a wreath of flowers, by Coysevox ; an Hamadryad, ibid. Facing these are pedestals for four statues, two of which only are as yet erected, a Spartacus, by Foyatier, and a labourer contemplating the bones which his plough- share has exposed while turning up the soil of a battlefield . Near the circular basin on the right is Phætusa changed into a tree ; and the Rape of Cybele by Saturn, both by Regnaudin ; the Death of Lucretia, by Lepautre ; Atlas, metamorphosed into a rock, by Legros ; the Rape of Orythia by Boreas, by Marsy; Eneas bearing his father Anchises from the flames of Troy, and leading his son As- canius in his hand, by Lepautre. At the extremities of the grand transversal alley intersected by this basin, are- on the side next the Allée des Orangers, Hercules killing Minotaurus, by Sommariva ; and Cadmus slaying the ser- pent ofthe fountain, by Dupati-on the side next the Seine is a Prometheus, by Pradier, and the Soldier of Marathon, by Cortot. In the alley which separates the par- terre from the plantation are, beginning near the Seine -a Farnesian Hercules, two vases, Cesar, the Farnesian Flora, two vases, Diana. In that part of the plantation near the rue de Rivoli , is an enclosed pavement of white marble terminated by a semicircular seat, prepared for the judges of the games. Here were formerly an Apollo re- garding Hippomenes and Atalanta striving in the course, by Lepautre and N. Coustou ; these statues have been re- moved to the king's private garden ; the Apollo only is left-Lepautre. Near this is a group of Castor and Pol- lux, and a Centaur captivated by Love. In the plantation on the side next the river, whose decorations correspond , are a Faun carrying a kid, and Apollo in pursuit of Daph- né, near which are Bacchus and a young Hercules, and further ' on two wrestlers, by Magnier, and a Wild Boar. Under the trees, surrounding the octagonal basin are six statues, and four termini, representing, on the side next the Seine, Scipio Africanus, Summer, Spring, Agrippina, and Silenus. On the other side are Hannibal, with a Roman Eagle reversed, counting the rings of the Roman knights slain at the battle of Cannæ ; Winter, Autumn, a 9 98 PALACES : Vestal, and a Bacchus. The river groups are the Nile, represented by a colossal figure of an old man resting on a Sphynx ; the twelve children playing about this statue represent its tributary streams, by Bourdic ; the Rhone is under the form of an old man with a rudder in his hand , by Coustou, aîné ; the Rhine is likewise personified by an old man with a rudder, the fruit indicates abundance, by Vancleve ; the Tiber is represented by a colossal figure holding an oar ; before him is a wolf suckling Romulus and Remus, by Vancleve. Upon the terraces are the Nine Muses and Apollo. At the spot where these terraces ter- minate is the gate of the garden in front of the ChampsElysées, where formerly stood the pont Tournant, so fre- quently mentioned in the History of Paris. Two groups in marble, by Coysevox, are placed on the terraces on each side of this gate ; the subjects are open to criticism ; one represents Fame with her trumpet, seated on a winged horse, without reins, in the act of leaping over a military trophy ; the other is Mercury, with his wand in one hand, and the reins of the horse on which he is seated in the other. At the western extremity ofthe Allée des Orangers is a Meleagre, copy from the antique ; and at the other end, near the gate at which we begun our description, between two splendid vases, is a bronze statue representing Hercules slaying the river Achelous, personified under the figure of a serpent. PALACE OF THE LOUVRE. The origin of this palace is altogether unknown, and its name is a mystery. It is supposed to have been a hunting seat in the time of Dagobert. The large tower of the Louvre, celebrated in French history, was built by Philip Augustus. This was the seat of the feudal power of the French monarchs, here the feudatories of the French crown came to pay homage and take their oaths of fidelity ; and the dungeons of the tower opened their gates to the re- fractory. Charles V. placed in this fortress his treasures, and the bibliothèque which formed the commencement of the present Royal Library. This monument having fallen to ruins in 1528, Francis I. demolished it, and gave in- structions to Pierre Lescot to build him a palace worthy THE LOUVRE . 99 ofthe age. This edifice constitutes the buildings now called le Vieux Louvre, extending from the centre pavilion on the western side of this palace to the borders of the Seine. Under Louis XIII. , Lemercier completed the western pa- vilion and the right wing to correspond. Louis XIV. discovered that this building was not creditable to the dignity of a French monarch, and he resolved to enlarge it and unite it to the Tuileries, with all possible dispatch. He first set about repairing many imperfections in the gallery of the Louvre. To avoid being frustrated in any of his plans, as also to have a sufficient number of work- men at his command, he issued an ordinance, dated Nov. 6, 1660 , worthy the court of Constantinople or Morocco, forbidding the erection of any building of any kind, without his express permission, under pain of a fine of 10,000 livres ; and all workmen employed on such constructions were subjected to imprisonment for the first offence, and condemned to the gallies for a second. On the 6th of February, 1661 , whilst a number of workmen were busily employed, a fire broke out in the grand gallery, which in spite of the holy sacrament brought from the church of St.- Germain-l'Auxerrois (for the use of fire - engines was not known at that time), continued to spread with such fear- ful rapidity, that, in order to arrest its progress, it was found necessary to pull down a portion of the gallery. The construction of the grand eastern façade was com- menced under Levau. But Colbert, who became minister in 1664, not approving of this architect's plans, solicited designs from all the most celebrated artists in Europe. Bernini, who enjoyed the highest reputation at the time, was brought from Italy with great pomp and at great ex- pense. After spending some time in demolishing the constructions of his predecessor, experiencing some diffi- culties on the part of the minister, who was scarcely more satisfied with his designs than with those of Levau, he retired from Paris, under pretext that the climate did not agree with his constitution, and left the field open to a more successful candidate. To a physician, the cele- brated Claude Perrault and to Colbert, who adopted his propositions, Paris is indebted for the magnificent east- ern peristyle, one of the finest specimens of modern ar- chitecture, and for the exquisite façade next the river. 100 PALACES : Louis XIV. signed the order for its execution in 1666, and in 1670 it was rapidly advancing towards completion. But under this same prince and during the succeeding reign, the Louvre having been abandoned for Versailles, the works proceeded but slowly and the interior of the building having been left unfinished, it presented a ruinous appearance even before the works had been fully ter- minated. This state of degradation continued till the beginning of the present century, when Napoleon took it in hand, and entrusted Messrs . Fontaine and Percier, with the care of its completion. Having been thoroughly scraped and cleaned , it has the appearance of a modern structure. This edifice and the Tuileries, were the head quarters of the troops of Charles X. during the three days of 1830. The splendid bronze gate erected byNapoleon in the eastern front, bears marks of the strife . In one of the grass-plots extending in front ofthe colonnade, near the river, are some simple monuments erected to the memory of some of the unfortunate victims of the period. The façade towards the east is 525 feet in length by 85 in height ; it is formed of a peristyle, and basement pierced with windows. In the centre and at the two extremities of this front are projecting piles of building. The lateral projections are ornamented with six Corinthian pilasters and two columns ; they are connected with the central projection which forms the principal entrance to the building by two peristyles, each of which is composed of fourteen coupled Corinthian columns, be- hind which is a gallery. The centre projection conceals a passage from one gallery to the other ; it is ornamented with eight Corinthian columns supporting a magnificent pediment, in which is a bas-relief, by Lemot. Minerva is represented elevating the bust of Louis XIV. upon a pe- destal, and the Muse of History is inscribing below it the words LUDOVICO MAGNO ; a seated figure of Victory, Cupid, and France, and the Nine Muses fill up the composition. Immediately above the vestibule is another bas-relief by Cartellier, representing Fame seated on a car, drawn by winged Genii and distributing crowns . Foliage and other ornaments have been profusely employed in the decoration of the ceilings of the peristyles and vestibules ; and in the THE LOUVRE. 101 intercolumniations along the whole front are medallions with the enitials JL. The façade towards the south consists of a basement similar to that on the east, which supports a range of forty Corinthian pilasters ; this beautiful decoration is perfectly in accord with the colonnade. In the pediment is a basrelief, sculptured by Fortin representing the Muses bearing the attributes of the Sciences and the Arts, and supporting the Arms of France. The façade towards the west is below mediocrity ; it has nothing to distinguish it from an ordinary building, which will not surprise us when we consider that it was originally intended by Francis 1. to form the side of his palace next the court. The northern façade was begun by Lemercier and con- tinued by Perrault ; it consists of a basement, of a first story, and an attic, surmounted by an entablature similar to those on the eastern and western fronts. The pediment is ornamented with military trophies, by Montpellier. The court of the Louvreis a perfect square of 408 feet on each side. Three of the façades executed after designs of Perrault resemble each other. They are of the Corinthian order, and are divided by projecting masses ; the largest, in the centre, being crowned with triangular pediments in which are bas-reliefs ; that on the south, by Le Sueur, re- presents Minerva encouraging the Sciences and the Fine Arts ; that on the north, by Ramey, depicts the genius of France substituting for the arts of war those of Legislation , Navigation and Commerce ; and that on the east, by Cous- tou, represents the Gallic cock supported by allegorical figures. The western front, constructed by Lescot and Lemercier only corresponds with the others, on the two first stories, above which is an attic, crowned by an an- tiquated kind of balustrade, and an elevated roof. The projecting masses on this façade correspond with the other fronts, except that they are surmounted by circular pe- diments in which are bas-reliefs and ornaments. On the right of the pavillon de l'Horloge, in the first pediment sculptured by Chaudet, is Legislation in the figure of a woman holding tablets on which laws are engraved, below which are figures of Moses, Numa, Isis , and Manco Capac, the Peruvian lawgiver ; in the second, by Rolland, are 9 * 102 PALACES : Victory and Abundance crowning a buckler wmen is engraved a serpent with its tail in its mouth, the emblem of Immortality. Below are Strength and Wisdom, and allegorical figures of the Nile and the Danube. In the third pediment Chaudet has depicted Heroic Poetry, under the figure of a winged female holding a trumpet and a lyre. Beneath are Homer, Virgil, and two Genii. The figures in the pediments on the left represent, Piety, Victory and Fame, and Strength. The figures immediately over the doors are by the celebrated Jean Goujon. Eight gigantic Caryatides support the quadrangular dome which crowns the great centre pavilion. The interior of this court, is a disgrace to the building which surrounds it ; it is even ill - paved and disfigured by a wooden pump and shabby lamp- posts. An attempt was made to surround the façades to the south and east by an iron-railing, but it was not successful ; the only protection to one of the grass-plots on the eastern front are some villanous rotten boards. The entrance to the Louvre, from the vestibule under the colonnade, on the left, is by a gallery called Salle de Henry IV. It is decorated with statues in marble of the great Condé, by Rolland ; of Turenne, by Pajou ; of Tour- ville, by Houdon ; of Duquesne, by Monnot ; of the Maréchal de Luxembourg, by Mouchy ; of Vauban, by Bridan ; of Dugommier, by Chaudet ; of Custine , by Moitte ; of Catinat, by Dejoux ; and of Caffarelli, by Masson. Over the doors are bas-reliefs by Petitot, representing trophies, etc. Eight Corinthian columns and eight bas-reliefs or- nament the great staircase at the extremity of this saloon leading to the state apartments. The bas-reliefs are, Justice and Strength, by Gerard ; two Warriors, by Cal- lamard ; Agriculture and Commerce, by Taunay ; and the Genii of the Arts and Sciences, by Fortin. At the head of the staircase is a statue of Ajax, by Dupaty, and Aristeus, by Bosio. On the right of the vestibule are an inner vestibule, a guard-room and a waiting-room. At the ex- tremity of these apartments is a staircase precisely similar to the one we have already described leading to the pri- vate rooms. The bas-reliefs on this staircase are Vulcan and Fame, by Dumont ; Neptune and Ceres, by Bridan ; Jupiter and Juno, by Chardin ; and Fortune, and a female

H CHAMBRE DES PAIRS CHAMBRE DES DÉPUTÉS PALAIS ROYAL Billerey det et sculps PALAIS-ROYAL. 103 urrounded by the gifts of the blind goddess, by Montony. The rooms on the first floor were formerly devoted to the expositions of the productions of French industry. But the last exhibition took place in a temporary building erected in the place de la Concorde. The apartments in the southern pile of the Louvre on the first floor, form, with the apartments in the Tuileries, an uninterrupted suite of rooms of nearly half a mile in length. Some of these rooms are occupied with the treasures of the Musée Egyp- tienne. The lower saloons ofthe Vieux Louvre are devoted to the Musée de Sculpture Antique, from the centre pavilion of the south façade to the pavillon de l'Horloge in the western wing; and in another gallery are placed the best productions of the French chisel to which the Musée des Monumens Français had furnished an asylum during the reign of terror, and which have ever since remained the property of the government. (See Museums. ) To see the interior application must be made in writing to M. le Comte de Forbin, directeur des Musées Royaux. The day on which he grants permission is Saturday. PALAIS-ROYAL. The Palais-Royal was begun by the Cardinal Richelieu in 1629, on the site of the ancient hôtels de Rambouillet, de Mercœur, and de Brion, after designs by Lemercier. As the Cardinal's fortunes continued to increase he continued to embellish his palace, till at length he considered it worthy to be left as a legacy to Louis XIV. This prince resided here with his mother during the troubles of the Fronde ; and it is from this circumstance that it de- rives its name. At this time was formed the place in front of the palace. When Louis ascended the throne he be- stowed this palace upon his brother the Duke of Orleans for life . After his death, in 1693, it finally passed into the possession of this branch of the royal family, in the person of Philip of Orleans, his nephew, upon his mar- riage with Mademoiselle de Blois. It was augmented and embellished in 1763. The galleries which surround the garden were constructed in 1786, except the galerie d'Or- léans, which was finished in its present state at the time of the late reparations in 1829. This palace and its gar- 104 PALACES : dens have been the scene of many events recorded in French history. The late Duke of Orleans (father of the present King), having exhausted his revenues by an unparalleled course of profligacy, for the sake of replenishing his coffers, converted this princely residence into an im- mense bazaar, parcelling it out into little shops which were speedily let to the highest bidders ; other apartments were converted into sale-rooms, cafés, ball - rooms, and saloons for gambling and every species of debauchery. At this time the palace was called Palais- Egalité. More recently, after the execution of that Prince, a spacious hall was fitted up for the sittings of the Tribunat, and the building then assumed the name of Palais du Tribunat. It recovered its former title in the time of Napoleon ; and its ancient possessors at the period of the Restoration, in the family and person of Louis-Philippe, then Duke of Orleans , now King of the French. The garden was the scene of some of the first revolutionary meetings ; at one of which, in 1789, the tri-coloured cockade was adopted. The façade of this palace, towards the rue St. -Honoré, was built, in 1763, by Moreau. It presents two pavilions ornamented with Doric and Ionic columns, crowned by triangular pediments, in which are the arms of the house of Orleans, sculptured by Pajou ; these arms are supported on the left by figures of Prudence and Liberality, on the right by Justice and Strength . The pavilions are con- nected in front by a Doric portico, forming a terrace. The two wings ofthe buildings in the first court are ornamented with Doric and Ionic pilasters . The pile which forms the front is decorated with columns of the same order, supporting a semicircular pediment in which are a clock and two recumbent figures. In the attic are military trophies supported by Genii. The façade of the palace next the inner court is of much greater extent. This front presents us with two projecting masses, ornamented with eight fluted Ionic columns, resting upon a basement and supporting an attic. The columns are crowned by as many statues : those on the left represent Astronomy, Beneficence , Ceres, and Navigation ; on the right are Mars, Apollo, Prudence, and Liberality. On the right and left are projecting wings, skirted by galleries which, with the new gallery lately erected between the palace and the garden, forms a court PALAIS-ROYAL. 105 of considerable extent, from which this façade is seen to advantage. The galleries, which are formed of Doric columns supporting a balustrade and terrace, and crowned with vases and shrubs, rise to a level with the first floor of the palace. The gallery of the right wing was orna- mented by Richelieu, with ships' prows and other naval ornaments, in allusion to his office of Superintendant- general of Navigation ; decorations which could not be produced in the gallery on the left in consequence of the shops which skirt it. This court is surrounded between the columns by iron railings and gates, and at night is lighted with gas. The splendid Galerie d'Orléans, lately substituted for the ignoble wooden galleries which so long disgraced the palace and garden, and which unites the pavilions and completes the ensemble of the second court, is 300 feet in length and 30 in width, and forms an agreeable promenade in winter and wet weather. On each side are rows ofshops, perfectly similar in size and exterior decoration, and separated from each other by pilasters and mir- rors ; each shop has a double front, on one side looking towards the promenade and the court, on the other towards the promenade and the garden. These shops, though only about 18 feet square, and having for family accommodation only a small entresol and a cellar, are not let for less than 4000fr. per annum. The garden forms a parallelogram of 700 feet by 300. In the time of Cardinal Richelieu it was much more extensive, and was sheltered by lofty chestnut trees, on which he expended vast sums of money. The lime-trees with which the alleys and gravelled walks are at present ornamented, were planted in 1799. In the centre are two grass-plots, surrounded by flower-beds and slight iron railings. The one near the galerie d'Orléans contains an Apollo Belvidere in bronze, and a meridien à détonation, the explosion of which announces the sun's passage over the meridian. In the other is a Diana, likewise in bronze. In a basin, 60 feet in diameter, between these grass-plots, is a fountain supplied from the canal de l'Ourcq ; the water, which rises to the height of twenty or thirty feet, falling in the form of a wheat- sheaf. Near the angles of the garden are elegant pavilions, with gilded roofs ; the two near the galerie d'Orléans are occupied by a limona- 106 PALACES : dier ; in the two others newspapers are let out to read. The northern, western, and eastern sides of this garden are surrounded by three vast piles of building four stories in height. On the ground-floor is a row of 180 arcades of equal dimensions throughout. The piers by which they are formed are ornamented with immense fluted pilasters of the Composite order, supporting an attic crowned throughout by a balustrade. The galleries are separated from the garden by iron-railings and gates, and between each arcade is a stone bench for the accommodation of elderly people of the poorer class, or such fashionable loungers as prefer a stone accommodation to a wooden one; the latter requiring, however, a modicum of two sous. Besides the above, around the grass-plots, and more especially in the vicinity of the Café de la Rotonde, who have purchased at a great price the privilege of serving liqueurs, etc. in the garden, are innumerable chairs, which, in the cool of the evening, during summer, are crowded by welldressed company, who take their glace, or sip their limonade, their orgeat, or their café, at luxurious ease. Viewed on a fine summer evening, what with the bright gas lamps flashing from under the arcades, what with those in the garden, the lamps in the brilliant shop windows, those in the cafés and other establishments above the gallery, the whole presents a lightness, airiness, and elegance, unrivalled by any other building of any other capital. The Palais-Royal is the resort of all classes, for business or pleasure ; it is the heart of Paris-the emporium of Fashion. The shops which surround the garden offer a profusion of all that can satisfy the luxury or the vanity of man. The stranger is here led to admire the industry of the Frenchman, his taste for every thing that can delight the eye, or captivate the senses. Into one or other of the great variety of shops here presenting elegant displays of trinkets, watches, gold, and imitation gold chains, etc. , our traveller may probably be tempted to enter for the purpose of making a purchase. Should he do so he need be under no apprehension of being overcharged, whatever he may have been previously told to the contrary. The Guides hitherto in circulation have adopted and given cur- rency to rather unfavourable reports on this subject. Though we do not positively say that no abatement is to be PALAIS-ROYAL. 107 obtained, we would still recommend avoiding a propensity to haggling. This observation is not, however, to be ex- tended to an inferior order of shops beyond the pale in question. The Palais-Royal is the bead - quarters of the epicure ; the delicacies of every corner of the earth may be here eaten in their perfection. The eye of the stranger has only to wander into the shop of the famous Chevet, in the gale- rie de Chartres, marchand de comestibles au Roi, to be convinced of the truth of this observation. Air, earth, lakes, rivers, seas, seem each and all to have contributed their more than mite to furnish out this immense storehouse of all that can tickle the palate or flatter the appetite of the gourmand . The variety of the eatables baffles description, while their profusion can only be equalled by the elegance which pervades the whole economy of their establishment, from the mighty boar down to the least of the quadrupeds, from the still breathing and unwieldy turtle down to the most insignificant inhabitant of the vasty deep. " The stranger would likewise do well to take a peep into the establishment of M. Corcellet, galerie de Valois, 104 ; and some others in the immediate neigh- bourhood, among which should be mentioned Bontoux's, passage Vero-Dodat. 66 The Palais-Royal has long been notorious for its gambling houses, the existence of which, tolerated, nay protected by government, has so often been held up to public execration, that hints have been occasionally given by ministers of suppressing such a hideous anomaly in a wellgoverned state. This, however, has shared the fate of many other promises tending to moral and political improvement. Financial embarrassment, the necessity of giving vent with as little danger as possible to a passion so inherent in human nature, à system ofgradual suppression, in short, a hundred reasons have concurred to delaying the execution of such promises. Perhaps its best and worst apology is, after all, to be found in the sum of 6,055,100fr. annually paid into the city funds by the pro- prietor of the tables. The gaming-houses are Nos. 113, 129, and 154, in the eastern, and No. 36 in the western galleries. The rooms they occupy are spacious, and the business transacted 108 PALACES : within them, is done with a decency worthy a better cause. The gaming dramatis-personæ, or personnel as the French have it, consist of a set of men known under the name of bouledogues (bull- dogs) whose business it is to give an eye that no notorious individuals shall gain admittance, as also to exclude young men under 21 years of age. After submitting to the sly, unobtrusive inspection of these gentlemen, the stranger is allowed to pass into the sanctum sanctorum ; not, however, with his hat, cane, or umbrella. These he must leave to the care of certain individuals, who give him a number in exchange, which he restores on going out. The card tables are presided in the centre by a man who shuffles and deals the cards. This personage was formerly called coupeur de bourse ( purse-cutter) , he is now known under the less questionable name of tailleur. His business is to make known the result : ' Rouge gagne et couleur perd' -and vice versa. He is supported by two gentlemen, one at each end of the table, who push up to the bank the money lost by the pontes or punters. At roulette, tailleurs is the name given to those who put the ball in motion and make known the result. The same name is given at passe-dix to the persons who announce at every throw of the dice the sums gained by those who play. The money is paid and collected by two men called croupiers seated opposite the tailleur to the right and left. The general aspect of the habitué, or habitual gambler, is cool, and, either from study or indifference, such as to baffle any attempt at penetrating the real state of his mind. In fact there is such a general want of expression or cha- racter in the features, as to make one suppose that the occupation of gambling is nothing very extraordinary. In the midst of this apparent apathy, however, the experi- enced eye can detect more than one symptom of intense excitement. A good many of the customers are elderly gentlemen, cool long-breathed players, who record the awards of fate and calculate the chances for hours before they venture their stake. This apparent monotony is occasionally broken by some ill-fated youth, who, gradually heated by a few lucky hits, tempts his fortune till it leaves him to remorse, or condemns him, not unfrequently, to PALAIS-ROYAL. 109 suicide. Gaming, however, does not always choose its victims among novices ; it occasionally involves in ruin the veteran himself. A sad proof of the truth of this latter assertion is to be found in the melancholy fate of the famous Colson. That gentleman, a clergyman by profession, and a man whose acuteness and talent for observation are well proved by his Lacon, and critique of Byron's Juan, was a constant attendant at the Palais-Royal. He was deeply versed in the secrets of the roulette and the card table, so much so as to live for years on his calculating powers : but who can cope with a bank which pays the winner with the cash of the loser ? Not even Colson. He played his all, lost it, and died, to speak it in the phrase of Hume, “ a voluntary death." The dens of the Palais -Royal are, however, at best, but frequented by the rabble of gamblers, or by such as aim at economy in their stakes . Houses of a more elevated description are open in Paris for the reception of those who are at a loss how to get quit of a splendid fortune ; or for those who are endued with sufficient address and gentility to practise in a higher sphere. The Cercle des Etrangersis altogether aristocratical in its pretensions . No less than a special introduction is necessary, while the number of the initiated is limited , if we mistake not, to 30 ; at least on Tuesdays and Saturdays. On these days a splendid dinner is given, under the superintendance of the commissioners. On such occasions the dishes, wines, and other delicacies are such as would do no dishonour to the table of royalty itself. Play commences immediately after dinner, and consists of hazard, and rouge et noir ; when no invitation is given, business begins so late as 11 o'clock. The sums staked are of course in keeping with the exclusive tone ofthe establishment. Frascati's hotel is next in importance to the Cercle. The play here is rouge et noir, roulette, and hazard ; the company of a more mixed character, with the additional variety of ladies, and no introduction wanted . The Cercle des Etrangers is situated rue Richelieu, 106 . Frascati's hotel occupies the corner of the same street, next door to the Cercle. The passion for gambling is so universal that many other houses are to be met with which offer dinners at a mode- 10 1 110 PALACES : rate price with the advantage of good society, male and female, assembled for the express purpose of spending the evening round a card table. Much blame can hardly be attached to such establishments, when we consider that there is scarcely a single soirée or evening party in Paris, where immense sums are not lost and won : private balls, etc. being nothing else, vanity apart, but a plausible pre- text for crowding the card-table, and spending a night of excitement. To see the gallery of pictures and the private apartments in this palace application must be made to the Intendant of the Royal Duke, place Vendome, 9. PALAIS DU LUXEMBOURG. This Palace receives its name from having been built on the site of a large house belonging to the Duc d'Epinay Luxembourg. Many attempts have been made to impose other names upon this building--Palais du Directoire, du Consulat, du Sénat-Conservateur, de la Chambre des Pairs, etc. It was originally called Palais- d'Orleans . This edifice was constructed by order of Marie de Medicis , wife of Henry IV. , after designs by Desbrosses. The foundations were laid in 1615. It is a quadrangular pile, the court of which forms a parallelogram of 260 feet by 300. The principal entrance opposite the rue de Tournon pre- sents a large pavilion at each extremity of the façade, connected by a terrace pierced with eight arcades. In the centre of this is another small pavilion crowned by an elegant dome. The front towards the garden has a large pavilion at each extremity, and a projecting mass in the centre. The Tuscan, Doric, and Ionic orders of architecture are employed on this edifice, and its ornaments are covered with rustics. This palace was restored by Chal- grin, in 1780 ; he erected the vast sun-dial on the second story of the building, supported by figures representing Victory and Peace, by Espercieux ; and Strength and Secrecy, by Beauvallet ; those in the back ground, in alto- relievo, are Vigilance and War, by Cartellier. The façade towards the court differs but little from that towards the garden. The pediment is ornamented with an allegory relating to commerce, by Duret. THE LUXEMBOURG. 111 At In the right wing of the court is a magnificent staircase consisting of 48 steps, on each side of which are Ionic columns supporting a roof ornamented with caissons. the extremities are bas-reliefs, by Duret, representing Mi- nerva and Genii offering crowns. Each intercolumniation not occupied by a window, is either adorned by a statue or a military trophy. The trophies are by Hersent ; the statues represent Caffarelli , by Corbet ; Desaix, by Gois, jun.; Marceau, by Dumont ; Joubert, by Stouff; and Kle- ber and Dugommier, by Rameau. The beauty of this staircase, at the foot of which is a group of Psyché and Love, by Delaistre, is singularly augmented by eight re- cumbent lions. Having traversed the Salles des Gardes, the stranger is introduced to the Salle d'Hercule, containing statues of Hercules, by Puget ; Epaminondas, by Duret ; Miltiades, by Boizot. In the Salle des Messagers are two marble statues-one of Silence, by Mouchi ; the other of Prudence, by Deseine. The Salle de la Réunion is ornamented with a grand allegorical painting representing the return of Louis XVIII. , by Regnault ; with a por- trait of the same monarch by Lefebvre ; with a grisaille representing St.-Louis fighting the Infidels, by Callet ; and with a painted ceiling representing Force and Justice crowned by Fame, by Lesueur. The Salle des Séances is of a semi-circular form, 77 feet in diameter. Its walls are covered with stucco to imitate veined marble. Corinthian columns of the same material sustain the roof, which is painted in grisaille with the civil and military virtues, by Lesueur. Between the columns are placed statues of Solon, by Rolland ; Aristides, by Cartellier ; Scipio Africanus, by Ramey ; Demosthenes, by Pajou ; Cicero, by Houdon ; Camillus, by Bridan ; Cincinnatus, by Chaudet ; Cato of Uttica, by Clodion ; Phocion, by Delaistre ; and Leonidas, by Lemot. The benches for the peers which rise as in an amphitheatre occupy the area in front of the president ; before whom is the tribune for the orators. This room is ornamented with hangings of blue velvet. It is illuminated during the night by a magnificent lustre. Nothing can be more gorgeous than the Salle du Trône ; the ceiling painted by Berthelemy re- presents Henry IV. in a car, guided by Victory. Of the other fresco decorations ; Peace and War are by Callet ; 112 PALACES : the rest by Lesueur. Four other apartments, in one of which is the library, serve for the sittings of commit- tees of the chamber. The chapel is on the ground floor ; near to this is the room called the Chambre à Coucher de Marie de Médicis. The paintings are by Rubens. The Salle du Livre d'Or, containing the archives of the peers and their medallions, is ornamented with arabesques and divers paintings . The marble busts of many of the deceased senators occupy stations in different halls. (For the Picture Gallery, see Museums). This Palace is open to the pubiic on Sundays from 10 till 4. Strangers are admitted any day on producing their passports. The Garden, though not so richly ornamented as that ofthe Tuileries, forms a most agreeable promenade for the inhabitants of the southern banks of the Seine. The elevations and slopes with which it abounds produce an agreeable variety. In the parterre before the palace is an octagonal piece of water, in which two swans display their graceful forms. The grass-plots in the vicinity are sur- rounded with flower-beds, and skirted by a light iron railing. Numerous marble statues and vases are distributed about the alleys and public walks ; these statues generally represent fabulous divinities-Bacchus, Venus, Apollo, Vulcan, etc.; they are for the most part mutilated, and not worth a particular description : the best amongst them is a Diana and Hind. During the season the principal alleys of this enchanting spot are embellished with orange trees. Beyond the grass-plot, in which is a méridien à détonation, the grand avenue is prolonged in the midst of a nursery-ground to the Royal Observatory, by so gentle an ascent, that the difference of elevation between this building and the palace ( 54 feet) is scarcely perceptible. Between the garden of the Luxembourg and the Observa- tory is the spot where the unfortunate Marshal Ney was shot, in 1815. Near the entrance of the garden from the rue Vaugirard is an elegant fountain, by Desbrosses, re- sembling a grotto. The Tuscan columns which support the pediment are much admired . On each side of the attic is a recumbent colossal statue, one representing a river, by Duret, the other a Naiad, by Ramey. PETIT-LUXEMBOURG, rue de Vaugirard . -This hotel was PALAIS- BOURBON. 113 built by the Cardinal Richelieu for his niece, the Duchesse d'Aiguillon. It has been successively occupied by MON- SIEUR, since Louis XVIII. , by the Directory, and by Bona- parte during the first six months of the Consulate. It is the ordinary residence of the President of the Chamber of Peers. In 1812 and 1813 the buildings which connected it with the palace of the Luxembourg were destroyed, and a plantation now occupies the site. It is connected with the palace on the side next the rue de Vaugirard, by an extensive iron railing. During the time of the trial of the ministers of Charles X. it served as their prison. PALAIS BOURBON, OR PALAIS DE LA CHAMBRE DES DEPUTIES. This building owes its origin to the Duchess-dowager of Bourbon, who begun it after designs by Girardini, in 1722. It is situated on the southern banks of the Seine opposite the pont de la Concorde. This palace at the time of the Revolution was in possession of the Prince de Condé, and was one of the first edifices plundered by the mob. In 1795 it was chosen for the sittings of the Council of Five Hundred. The façade towards the quay was entirely reconstructed under Napoleon, by Poyet. It consists of a projecting mass, in which is the portico, crowned by an immense pediment, supported by twelve Corinthian pillars. In the tympanum of the pediment is a bas-relief in plaster, by Fragonard, representing Law reposing on tablets of the Charter, sustained by Strength and Justice. On the left Peace is conducting Commerce ; and on the right Abundance advances under the auspices of the Law; the Arts and Sciences follow in the train. The angles are occupied by allegorical images of the Seine, the Marne, and the Rhine. The portico is elevated on a plat- form to which the ascent is by a flight of 29 steps, upwards of 100 feet in width. At the foot of the steps, on pedestals 18 feet in elevation, are two statues-one representing Minerva, by Rolland, and the other Themis, by Houdon. Four colossal statues are placed on curule chairs on each side ofthis flight of steps. They represent Sully, by Beau- vallet ; Colbert, by Dumont ; l'Hôpital, by Deseine ; and Daguesseau, by Foucou. The chamber in which the De- 10 * 114 PALACES : puties hold their sittings is on a level with the platform of the peristyle. It is in the form of a half- circle, orna- mented with columns of white marble of the Ionic order, having capitals of bronze gllt . The president's chair and the tribune form the centre of the axis of the semi-circle, from which rise the seats of the Deputies in the shape of an amphitheatre, to the height of the basement which supports the columns. Over the president's chair, upon the wall which faces the assembly, are some paintings, one of which represents Boissy d'Anglas, president of the Con- vention, uncovering himself when the head of his colleague (Ferraud) is presented to him by the mob at the end of a pique. In the intercolumniations are placed statues of Order and Liberty, by Pradier, and above the entablature are other allegorical statues by Allier, Foyatier, Dumont, and Desprès. There are two spacious galleries for the accommodation of the public, capable of containing 500 persons ; the upper gallery can be taken to pieces and removed at pleasure. The roof is coved and ornamented with arabesques ; in the centre is a window by which light is admitted. The disposition of the chamber is commo- dious, but the decorations may perhaps be objected to as too theatrical, and little in accord with the gravity which should distinguish the deliberations of an assembly of le- gislators. The palace may be seen any day on application to a garçon de salle. To obtain tickets of admission to the gallery, during the sitting of the chamber, application must be made to MM. les Questeurs de la Chambre des Dépu- ties, au Palais- Bourbon. That part of the palace which served formerly for the habitation of the Duc de Condé is approached from the rue de l'Université by an avenue 270 feet in length, terminating in a court of 170 feet by 126. The court is surrounded by various edifices , the façades, projecting masses, pavilions, porticoes, etc., of which, being symmetrically distribu- ted, produce an effect rather pleasing than otherwise. Some steps give access to the apartments of the late prince. They were formerly brilliant with gildings, paintings in fresco, mirrors, and rich furniture ; but are now remarkable only for their commodious distribution, and some ornaments awakening honourable and chivalric reminis- PALAIS DES THERMES. 115 cences. In the prince's cabinet are two paintings, one representing the battle of Roscroi, by Casanova, the other the battle of Nordlingue, by Lepaon. In this apartment are two busts of the Grand Condé, and a collection of minerals, the gift of the King of Sweden. In the billiard- room are two paintings, the battle of Fribourg, by Casa- nova, and that of Lens, by Lepaon, and a superb tapestry from the Gobelins, representing the Wrath of Achilles. In the next saloon is a bust in wax of Henry IV. , of which the mould was made immediately after the decease ofthat monarch. In the garden, which is surrounded by a wall next the Seine, is a terrace 1500 feet in length ; it is adorned with flowers, shrubberies, bowling- greens, and pavilions. This palace now belongs to the Duc de Ne- mours, heir to the Duc de Bourbon. Those who desire it, may see the interior of this palace by applying to the servants, who expect a trifling gratuity, PALAIS DES THERMES. The Palais des Thermes is supposed to have been built by Constance Chlpre, grandfather of Julian the Apostate, between the years 292 and 306. All that remains of this monument of antiquity is a large hall composed of two contiguous parallelograms forming together but one apart- ment. The largest is 62 feet in length, and 42 in breadth ; the smaller is 30 feet by 18. The vaulting which rises to the height of 42 feet above the soil, is constructed of bricks and stone, cemented by that peculiar mortar known only to the Romans, and for which modern ingenuity has not yet found a substitute. This hall, with its three arches, and lofty vault, are all that a lapse of fifteen cen- turies has left us of the baths and palace which once served for the residence of the famous Julian the Apostate. Were the houses to the east and the west of the palace to be demolished, it is probable that traces of its extent might be discovered ; to the east, in the direction of the Sorbonne, and to the west, in the direction of the Seine, along whose banks lay the ancient gardens. This monument was inhabited by a cooper in the year 1819, and purchased as well as roofed by the government for the double purpose of preserving it from further ruin, and converting it into a 116 PALACES : museum of antiques. It may be seen on application to M. Guillemain, rue de la Harpe, 60. PALAIS DES BEAUX-ARTS. This edifice was erected by order of the Cardinal Ma- zarin, in 1662, after designs by Levau. It was originally intended for the gratuitous instruction of 60 young noble- men of Pignerol, or the Papal States, Flanders, Alsace, and Roussillon, provinces united to the crown under Louis XIV. , whence it derived its name, College des Quatre Na- tions. The façade of this edifice, fronting the Louvre, on the opposite side of the river, is in the shape of a horseshoe, terminated at its two extremities by large square pavilions. In the centre is a portico formerly serving as an entrance to the church, which has been converted into a hall where public meetings are held. This portico is composed of round and square columns of the Corinthian order, supporting a pediment in which is a clock. The whole is crowned by a small circular dome. In front are two fountains, in the shape of recumbent lions, in cast- iron, which spout water from their mouths. The interior of this building, in an architectural point of view, presents nothing worthy of attention. It may be remarked that the plan of the Louvre is in perfect keeping with that of this palace, that the principal entrance in the centre of this fa- çade corresponds with the principal entrance in the south- ern front of the Louvre. This is not the effect of chance ; the edifices may be said to be one construction, for they were begun by the same architect, at precisely the same time. The similarity of plan existing between them has been rendered still more apparent by the erection of the pont des Arts, which forms a communication between the two façades. The sittings of the Institute were first held here in the year 1806. The hall in which the sit- tings are held is ornamented with busts of Bossuet, Des- cartes, Fenelon, and Sully. In the anti-chambers are Pascal, Alembert, Rollin, Corneille, Molière, La Fontaine, Poussin, Montausier, Molé, Montaigne, Montesquieu, Ra- cine, and Cassini . The Bibliothèque Mazarine, is open to the public every day, except Thursdays, Sundays, and holidays, from 10 till 2. Here is a fine terrestrial globe PALAIS DE LA LÉGION D'Honneur. 117 in copper, executed by order of the unfortunate Louis XVI. , it is suspended on its axis and deprived of its acces- sories. Strangers can only obtain admittance to the Bibliothèque de l'Institute, by special recommendation from some of its members. The façade of this edifice bears marks of the strenuous efforts made by the Swiss to maintain their position in the Louvre duringthe attack made on that palace in July, 1830. PALAIS DE LA LEGION D'HONNEUR. This elegant edifice was constructed after designs by Rousseau, for the Prince de Salm, in 1786. This prince having fallen a victim to the frenzy of the times in which he existed, his residence became alienated. It was bought by the government, and at the time of the creation of the Legion of Honour, or soon after, in 1803, this palace was chosen for the inauguration of the new order. It has two façades, one towards the rue de Lille, the other towards the quai d'Orsay. The first is composed of two small pa- vilions, connected by a gallery decorated with columns of the Ionic order ; in the centre of which is the grand en- trance. The court is surrounded by corridors, formed by columns of the same order, and of the same proportions as those of the gallery just mentioned. At the extremity of the court is a portico sustained by six columns of the Corinthian order, and crowned by an attic without orna- ments. Over the entrance of the vestibule is the inscription Honneur et Patrie. The front towards the river presents a row of busts placed in niches over the windows of the ground- floor . A rotonde, decorated with Corinthian pilasters forms the principal member of this façade . The apartments are simply yet elegantly ornamented. The principal saloon is in the form of a rotunda, the cupola of which is enriched with exquisite paintings descriptive of the establishment of the Legion of Honour. Strangers may see the interior on application to the porter. 118 PALACES : PALAIS DE L'ÉLYSÉE BOURBON, Rue du faubourg St.-Honoré, 59. This magnificent little palace was constructed, in 1718, for the Comte d'Evreux ; and afterwards became the residence of the voluptuous Marquise de Pompadour. At her death it was purchased by Louis XV. as a residence for Ambassadeurs- Extraordinaires. In 1773, this hôtel was bought by M. Beaujon, banker to the court, who spent great sums in its embellishment. Madame la Duchesse de Bourbon inhabited it in 1790. During the revolution it was used as a printing- office. It afterwards fell into the hands of the government, and was inhabited by Napoleon on his escape from the field of Waterloo. It was afterwards successively occupied by the Emperor Alexander and the Duke of Wellington. In 1816 it was given to the late Duke of Berry ; after which it became the property of the Duke of Bordeaux ; it now belongs to Madame Adelaide, the King's sister. The gardens are well laid out, and the view from them, extending over the Champs- Elysées, is interesting. The rooms are splendidly furnished . - Stran- gers are occasionally admitted by tickets, for which application must be made at the hotel some days previously. PALAIS DE JUSTICE. This ancient residence of the Roman prefects , of the Kings of the first race and of their mayors ; of the Comtes of Paris under the second race, and of the first twelve Kings of the third race, had for a long time the pointed towers and the elevated roofs which form the distinguish- ing characteristics of feudal architecture, and of which some remains are still to be seen on the quai de l'Horloge. An immense iron palisade, 120 feet in length, richly ornamented and gilded , sustained by iron pilasters of the Doric order, incloses a large court surrounded on three sides by buildings. At the extremity of the court is a grand flight of steps, which gives an air of magnificence to a building not otherwise remarkable. At the summit of the steps are four Doric pillars surmounted bya balustrade, on which are placed four gigantic statues, representing PALAIS DE JUSTICE. 119 Strength and Abundance, by Berruer ; and Justice and Pru- dence, by Lecomte. Above this rises a quadrangular dome. In the building on the right of the court is a large staircase, conducting to the galerie Dauphine. The interior of the edifice presents a confused mass of corridors and dark passages, and staircases to the right and left in all direc- tions. The apartments most worthy of remark are the Salle des Pas Perdus and that in which the Court of Cassation holds its sittings. The Salle des Pas Perdus, 222 feet long, and 84 wide, was constructed byDesbrosses ; it is com- posed of two naves, vaulted, and separated by a row of square pillars. This vast hall receives light by four semi- circular windows, at the extremities of the apartment, and from eight small circular ones. Under one of the arcades of the first nave, to the right on entering, is a monument consecrated to the memory of the upright and intrepid de- fender of Louis XVI. , the production of Bozio and Cortot. It consists of two columns of marble of the Ionic order, supporting a triangular pediment. Malesherbes is repre- sented in the act of speaking. On the pedestal is the following inscription : Strenue semper fidelis regi suo in solio veritatcm; præsidium in carcere attulit. Faithful to his king in prosperity, he defended him in adversity. On the base which supports these columns, and immediately beneath the statue, was a bas-relief representing the unfortu- nate monarch in the prison of the Temple. It was removed at the time of the revolution of 1830, and is the more to be regretted as it was the best executed thing about the mo- nument. The moment chosen was that in which he received his advocates, Malesherbes and Desèze. On each side of this monument are pedestals supporting statues of white marble. That on the right represents Fidelity, whilst that on the left is evidently a personification of defence and protection. Beneath this hall is a room of the same dimensions, called la Cuisine de St.- Louis ; it is likewise divided into naves by pillars. The Court of Cassation holds its sittings in the ancient grande chambre du Parle- ment. A bas-relief representing Justice ornaments the entrance. This chamber, new modelled and fitted up by Peyre, in 1810, is of simple architecture, though rich in ornaments. At the extremity of the room is the throne of the king, near which are the seats ofthe presidents, and at 120 PALACES : the side are benches for the judges. The bar is separated from the seats reserved for the advocates, by a barrier remarkable for its beauty. The statues of l'Hôpital and d'Aguesseau are by Deseine. The sittings of the Cour Royale for civil causes are held in the ancient Cour des Aides. The staircase is decorated with an emblematic statue of law, on the pedestal of which is the inscription : In legibus salus. The Court of Assizes is held in a hall at the extremity of the galerie Dauphine. The halls of audience of the tribunaux de Première Instance, are in different parts of the building. The staircase formerly leading to the chamber of Requests conducts to the sixth and seventh chambers of police correctionnelle. The Cour des Comptes occupies a distinct edifice in the court of la Sainte Chapelle. The SAINTE- CHAPELLE, a Gothic edifice of the middle age, adjoining this ancient palace of the French kings, was built by Montreuil, in 1248, during the reign of St. -Louis, as a depository for the relics brought by this king from Palestine, and which are now preserved in the cathedral of Notre-Dame. Amongst these relics is the real crown of thorns for which this pious monarch paid to the emperor Baudouin the enormous sum of 100,000fr. , notwithstanding that a no less real crown had for a long time existed in the abbey of St. -Denis, having been several times carried in grand processions. It is evident that St.-Louis was imposed upon. When this crown arrived in the capital, all the chapters and monasteries of Paris, as well as those of St.- Denis, were ordered to come in procession with their most celebrated relics, to the abbey of St.-Antoine, to do homage to the holy crown ; but on this occasion the monks of St. -Denis left their crown of thorns behind. On Aug. 13, 1239, it was deposited in the Sainte-Chapelle of St.- Nicolas by the king himself, preceded by numerous prelates and dignitaries of the realm, all walking bare-footed and bareheaded. The emperor of Constantinople, finding the commerce profitable, proposed a number of other relics to the French king, which were eagerly purchased. Few historians have ventured to enumerate all the acquisitions of this prince. But a tablet containing a description of them, and the act of sale, has been found in this chapel. The following may serve as a specimen : some of the real CHURCHES. 121 blood of our Saviour-some blood which had miraculously distilled from an image of our Saviour when struck by an infidel-some of the Virgin's milk--a part of the winding sheet in which our Lord was buried—the rod of Moses, etc. This chapel has two stories. The windows of painted glass, some remains of which are still seen, are remarkable for the beauty and variety of their colours. In the upper chapel, to the right, is shown a small oratory to which St.-Louis repaired to say mass. This building is now occupied by the archives or records of the courts of justice . Strangers may view the interior on application to the archiviste, whose office is under the first arch to the left on entering the court of the palace. CHURCHES. The diocese of Paris is confined to the limits of the department of the Seine. Erected into a bishoprick in 250, up to the year 1694, it was governed by a succession of 110 bishops ; and since that period, having become the metro- politan see, by 13 archbishops. The suffragans of this metropolis are the bishops of Chartres, Meaux, Orléans, Blois, Versailles, Arras, and Cambrai. The clergy is composed of an archbishop, having three vicar-general arch- deacons ; of a chapter formed of 16 canons, and 12 curés of Paris, of 66 in the vicinity, of 71 vicars, of 5 chaplains, 76 almoners, 193 parish priests, 28 directing priests or professors of seminaries, of 236 priests employed of more than sixty years of age, and of 87 who have become super- annuated. NOTRE- DAME. We have seen that from the earliest period in the his- tory of Paris the spot on. which this church stands was dedicated to religious worship . When the Parisians be- came Christians, they overturned the altars erected to the gods of the Romans ; and constructed a temple which they dedicated to St.- Stephen. In 556 Childebert added to it a 11 122 CHURCHES : new chapel dedicated to the Holy Virgin ; of which the magnificence and ornaments are the boast of the celebrated Gregory of Tours. But the constantly increasing popu- lation of Paris, and the decay of the building, soon ren- dered it unfit for its objects. Robert the Devout, son of Hugh Capet, undertook the reconstruction of this edifice. It was again fast falling to ruins, when, in 1161 , Maurice de Sully, 68th bishop of Paris, conceived the project of rebuilding the cathedral on a vast scale. The pope Alex- ander III. , then a refugee in France, laid the first stone of the present fabric in 1163. The construction of this church occupied two centuries ; but divine worship was celebrated in it within 23 years after its commencement. The nave and the principal entrance date from the 13th century ; but the red door near the choir was not terminated till 1420. The length of the edifice as it now stands is 415 feet, by 150 in breadth, and nearly the same number in height. The front towards the west was in the 13th century elevated on thirteen steps, but the soil has gradually accumulated, and risen to a level with the entrance. The total width ofthis front, in which is a large triple portal, placed under deeply vaulted ogive arches, is 128 feet . The cen- tral porch, which was originally square, is of more modern architecture than the others, having been reconstructed in 1771 , from designs by M. Soufflot. It is richly sculptured with subjects chiefly taken from the Old and New Testa- ment. In the pediment is a representation of the last judg- ment. The carving of the other two portals, which are antique, and remarkable for the multiplicity of their orna- ments, attest the state of the arts during the 13th and 14th centuries . Above these portals is a gallery called the Galerie des Rois, supported by columns, between which were formerly placed 28 statues of the Kings of France, from Childebert to Philip Augustus ; but they were de- stroyed during the revolution. The small gallery immedi- ately over this is known by the name of the Galerie de la Vierge. Above the circular window in front is another large gallery which extends round the four sides of the towers, called the Galerie des Colonnes ; it is composed of light and airy columns producing a fine effect. Over this is still another gallery serving for communication be- tween two towers 40 feet square, and 204 in height, which NOTRE-DAME. 123 rise directly over the side portals, and whose heavy appear- ance is but little in keeping with the elegant structure be- neath them. These towers, affording a splendid panoramic view of Paris and its environs, are ascended by 389 steps, the entrance to which is by a small door on the north. It is not customary to ascend these towers except in small parties, when a trifling retribution is expected. In the southern tower is an immense bell called the bourdon, which miraculously escaped the fury of the revolutionary mania for destruction, another placed in the same tower, of nearly equal dimensions, having been destroyed . It weighs 32,000lbs. and the clapper 976lbs. , and requires the united force of 16 men to put it in motion . It was cast in 1685, and received the name of Emmanuel. In the northern tower three bells, hung in 1812, replacing eight de- stroyed in 1793, serve for the clock, and summon to divine worship . On the sides of this church are three portals, one on the south and two on the north, all highly orna- mented. The Porte Rouge, near the choir on the north side, is so called because it was originally painted red. The roof of this edifice, in chestnut-wood, supports a weight of 420,240lbs. of lead. Agreat number of flying buttresses of various heights, ornamented with pyramids, obelisks, etc. , assure the solidity of the fabric, and offer a striking contrast to the nakedness of the walls and nume- rous projectures. If on entering this church we do not find its interior decorations exactly in accord with its majestic front, we are nevertheless struck with the perspective, with the lofty vaults and massive pillars which sustain them, with the perfection of the details and the harmony of the ensemble. We can hardly bring ourselves to believe such a magni- ficent whole to be the work of ages. This church is in the form of a Roman cross, and is divided into a nave and four aisles by four rows of pillars . Around this edifice, which is 390 feet in length, are no less than 25 chapelles ; and 120 pillars, four feet in diameter, of which 75 are de- tached, and the rest built in the walls, support the vaulted aisles. The height of the principal vault is 104 feet. Above the collateral naves are galleries , whence the religious ceremonies are seen to great advantage. Light is admitted into this edifice by no less than 113 windows, each of which 124 CHURCHES : is bordered with bands of painted glass. There are three large circular windows of painted glass, which, for the de- licacy of the stone-work and the brilliancy of the colours, deserve particular attention ; they date from the 13th cen- tury ; that over the principal entrance is 40 feet in diameter. The pavement of this church is entirely of marble. The organ, which is of large dimensions, containing 3,484 pipes, is considered a good one. On approaching the choir, rich with marble and gilding, but little in accord with the sobriety of the rest of the edifice, the first object that strikes the eye is the magnificent carved oak of the stalls , 26 in number, presenting, amongst other sacred subjects, the principal events in the life of the Holy Virgin. These carvings are after designs by René Charpentier. Above the wainscoting are eight large paint- ings from the hands of the best masters of the French school at the commencement of the last century. The first of these, beginning at the upper end of the choir, on the right, represents the Annunciation, by Hallé ; the Visita- tion, the masterpiece of Jouvenet, who painted it with his left hand, after his right had become paralytic ; the Birth of the Virgin, by Philippe de Champagne ; the Adoration , by De la Fosse. The first on the left represents the Pre- sentation of Jesus-Christ to the Temple, by Louis de Bou- logne ; the Flight into Egypt, by the same ; the Presentation of the Virgin to the Temple, by Philippe de Champagne ; and the Assumption of the Virgin, by Antoine Coypel. A large eagle of brass gilt, seven feet in height, and three and a half in breadth, placed in the centre of the choir, serves for a reading- desk. Two estrades of Italian marble, five feet six inches in elevation, and a magnificent railing of polished iron and brass gilt, of the same height, separate the choir from the nave. This was executed in 1809, from designs by Messrs. Fontaine and Percier. Four steps of white marble conduct to the sanctuary. It is bordered with circular balustrades, the supports of which are of green Egyptian marble, and the railing of Flanders marble. Upon the socles of the balustrades are two candelabra of green marble and bronze gilt, nine feet in height, and having nine branches. The high altar, of white Languedoc marble, elevated on three semicircular steps of the same material, is twelve feet eight inches in NOTRE-DAME. 125 length, and three feet in height. In front are three bas- reliefs, of which that in the centre represents Christ in the tomb; in the other two are angels bearing the instruments of the passion. The tabernacle is a socle of square mar- ble, enriched with a door of gilded bronze, on which is represented a pascal lamb. On the altar are six candlesticks of bronze gilt, four feet eight inches in height. The gilt cross above the tabernacle is seven feet in height. At the feet of each of the pilasters of the sanctuary, on white marble pedestals, are angels of bronze supporting instruments of the passion. Under the two arcades near- est the altar were formerly statues of Louis XIII. and Louis XIV. offering homage and adoration to the Virgin ; they were displaced at the period of the revolution. In the central arch at the back of the sanctuary, is a magnificent group of white marble, the chef-d'œuvre of the elder Cous- tou, representing the Descent from the Cross : the Holy Virgin, in a sitting posture, holds on her knee's the head and part of the body of Christ ; on each side are angels, one of whom sustains the arms of the Saviour, the other holds the crown of thorns ; above rises the cross, over which is thrown a winding-sheet. Beneath the choir is a vault in which are interred the archbishops of Paris. This vault was plundered during the revolution for the sake of the leaden coffins . The bodies of the Cardinal du Belloy, of Talleyrand, and of Juigné, have been deposited here since the year 1806. Upon the exterior of the wall that encloses the choir are some rude sculpturings of the 14th century, representing mysteries from the New Testament, executed by a person of the name of Ravy, who humbly styles himself the mason of Notre-Dame. Above these reliefs are seven pictures, representing, beginning on the right, the Martyrdom of St. Stephen ; St. Peter healing the lame man at the gate of the temple ; the Scourging of St. Paul and his companions ; St. John de Capistran, a Franciscan monk, at the head of a detachment of crusaders, marching against the Turks ; the beheading of John the Baptist ; the Martyrdom of St. Andrew ; and Christ healing the woman of a bloody flux. The following are the paintings and objects most worthy of the visitor's attention in the different chapelles which surround the edifice, beginning on the right hand of the principal en- 11 * 126 CHURCHES : trance. In the first chapel is the Assumption, by Philippe de Champagne ; and St. Peter raising Tabitha, by Testelin. -2d. A baptismal font, and painting by Coypel, sen. , re- presenting St. James conducted to martyrdom with a pa- ralytic whom he has healed, and who had denounced him; the sinner declares himself a Christian, and St. James stops to forgive and embrace him. Christ receiving offerings.- 3d. The Departure of St. Paul from Miletus to Jerusalem, and Christ raising the Daughter of Jairus. -4th. The De- scent of the Holy Ghost upon the Apostles, by Blanchard ; theMartyrdom of St. Andrew, byLebrun ; and some statues and relics .-5th . Christ driving the dealers from the Tem- ple, by Claude Guy Hallé ; the Calling of St. Peter and St. Andrew, by Michael Corneille. -8th. The chapel of the Virgin is ornamented with wainscoting and a statue : near it are paintings of the martyrdom of St. Paul, and Christ healing the Sick ; the former byLouis de Boulogne.- 11th. Martyrdom of St. Simon, by the same. -12th. St. Charles Borromeo administering the sacrament to the sufferers by the plague at Milan, by C. Van Loo ; Martyrdom of St. Catherine, by Vien. -In the 13th chapel is a mausoleum of the Count d'Harcourt. The count represented half out of the tomb, of which a genius, who holds a lighted torch in one hand to call him to life, lifts the stone. He endea- vours to set himself free from his winding-sheet, and ex- tends his arms towards his countess ; but inexorable death, in the form of a skeleton, announces, by showing an hour- glass , that his time has expired, the genius extinguishes his flambeau, and the tomb is about to close for ever. -The 14th chapel contains a monument to one of the Ursins family.-15th. The Descent of Christ to Hell, by De- lorme. -The 16th chapel is used for divine service when preparations for grand ceremonies are being made in the principal choir. Over the altar is a fine statue of the Vir- gin, by Antonio Raggi, after a model by Bernini. Here are two paintings, the Burial of the Virgin, by Abel de Pugol ; and the Raising of the Widow's son, by Guillemot. -17th. A monument to Cardinal du Belloy, archbishop of Paris, who died in 1806, in the 99th year of his age, by Deseine. Here is a picture of the martyrdom of St. Hip- polite, by Heim. - 18th. Peter preaching at Jerusalem, by Poerson ; Annunciation, by Philippe de Champagne. - 20th. THE ASSUMPTION. 127 Tablet to the memory of Christophe de Beaumont, archbishop of Paris, 1781. Here are two paintings, Jesus at the house of Martha and Mary, by Claude Simpol ; and the Visitation.-23rd. Chapel of St. Marcel (in the transept) . Over the altar is a statue to this saint. The paintings are, St. John preaching in the Wilderness, by Sarroul ; and Christ healing the paralytic at the pool of Siloam, by Boul- logne. -24th. A painting by Guido, representing the Cru- cifixion ; and a Franciscan monk at the foot of the Cross. -25th. The Adoration ; Moses saved by Pharaoh's daughter. -26th. The Assumption, the Conversion of St. Paul, and the Crucifixion. -27th. Christ in the manger ; Vision of St. Sebastian when suffering Martyrdom. -28th. Sceva the exorcist, by Elie. The Sacristie, constructed by M. Soufflot, in 1758, is entered by a sculptured oak door opposite the lateral en- trance on the right of the choir. It is ornamented with carved wainscoting, and was decorated with busts of Louis XVI. , Pius VII. , and the three last archbishops of the diocese. A staircase leads to a vaulted hall which communicated with the archbishop's palace, and with another chamber containing the rich ornaments of the church ; but this chamberwas despoiled of its treasures, and the library of the church ransacked , at the time of the destruction of the palace, on the 13th of February, 1831 . THE ASSUMPTION, Parish Church of the First Arrondisement, Rue St.-Honoré. This edifice was built from designs by Errard, painter to the King, for the Filles de l'Assomption, in 1670. It is sometimes called the Madeleine, from the circumstance of having become in 1802, the parish church of the first ar- rondisement, in place of the church dedicated to the Madeleine de la Ville l'Evêque, destroyed during the revolution. The entrance is sheltered by a portico of the Corinthian order, in which the columns are placed at unequal distances. This construction, which is destitute of architectural merit, supports an immense dome, 62 feet in diameter, with a lantern and gilt cross.-The interior of this building is 128 CHURCHES : circular ; the dome painted in Fresco by Charles Lafosse, represents the Assumption of the Virgin. Above the high altar, which is of beautiful white marble, is another painting of the same subject. The chapel of the Virgin, on the right, is ornamented with her statue, and an Assumption, by Blondel. Another chapel on the left contains an altar formed of needle-work, and a painting representing the Virgin, Joseph, and Mary Magdalen contemplating the dead body of our Saviour. The other paintings, in this church, are—the Birth of the Virgin, by Suvée, Elias in the desert, the Sovereign Pontiff giving their mission to the Jesuits, St. Roch visiting a hermit, Samson eating honey from the carcass of a lion, Moses striking the rock, the Vow of Ste. -Geneviève, when a child, in presence of St. -Germain, the Transfiguration, etc. To the right of the entrance to this church, a new and elegant chapel was erected in 1822 and dedicated to St.- Hyacinthe. It contains a number of paintings which may be seen on applying to the sacristy. ST. -LOUIS , Rue St. -Croix, 5. A little chapel, elegantly constructed by Brongniard for a convent of Capuchins. The interior, which is of the Doric order, consists of a nave and one aisle only ; it is without pretensions and produces a good effect. In this church is a cyppus of black marble, surmounted by a cinerary urn, containing the heart of the Count ChoiseulGouffier. A painting by Gassier representing St. - Louis visiting his soldiers suffering from the plague is much admired. Over the altar is St.-Louis at prayer ; and on the sides the Adoration, and the Flight into Egypt, a singular but well - executed picture. ST. -PHILIPPE-DU-ROULE, Faubourg du Roule, 8. This church, constructed according to modern taste, is one of the least faulty edifices in Paris ; the designs were byChalgrin. It was begun in 1769, and terminated in 1784. The portal towards the street is decorated with four CHAPELLE BEAUJON. 129 columns of the Doric order, supporting a triangular pediment in which is a bas-relief representing Religion with its attributes. The wall behind the columns being in the shape of a rotunda, leaves the columns free, and produces a good effect. The principal entrance is in front ; to the right and left are smaller doors. Rows of fluted Ionic columns of a pure taste, divide the body of the church into a nave and two aisles. At the extremity of each aisle is a chapel. The altar, of white marble, is placed in a recess which forms the sanctuary, adorned with six Ionic columns. The roof of this church is of wood, but painted in such close imitation of stone as to be scarcely distinguished from it. Among the paintings are the Baptism of Christ, the Circumcision of Christ, the Flight into Egypt, St. Philip quitting his family to followChrist, by De- laval, the Martyrdom of St. -James the Less, Virgin and Child, etc. ST.-PIERRE-DE- CHAILLOT, Rue de Chaillot. This church presents nothing remarkable. In the nave are two fine pictures, one representing St. Peter delivered from prison by an angel, by Dubufle ; and the other St. Peter raising Tabitha by Smith. Over the churchwarden's pew is the Crucifixion, and a head of Christ wearing a crown of thorns. CHAPELLE BEAUJON, Faubourg du Roule, 59. Girardin furnished the designs for this elegant little structure, which was built at the expense of Beaujon, the financier. The façade towards the street presents a portal ornamented by two columns. Above is a triangular pediment. The interior is divided by two rows of Ionic columns into a nave and two aisles. This chapel receives light from a quadrangular opening in the roof. At the extremity of the nave is the choir, of a semicircular shape, ornamented with Corinthian columns. It is paved with marble, and, like the body of the church receives light from above. The altar is elevated on three circular steps. 130 CHURCHES. This chapel was despoiled of its ornaments during the revolution. LA MADELEINE, Boulevard de la Madeleine. This church, which is still unfinished, is situated on the boulevard of the same name. The principal entrance is opposite the rue Royale. The first stone of this edifice was laid in 1764, and the works were directed by Contant d'Ivry. This architect, however, dying in 1777, Couture, who was appointed to succeed him, demolished and changed all that he had done. Notwithstanding which, the works were far advanced in 1789, having already cost two millions, when the Revolution put a stop to further progress. In 1806, Napoleon had an idea of erecting this building into a temple to be dedicated to the glory of the French arms. The plans of M. Vignon were adopted, and the works commenced. The building was again demolished to the foundations, and the construction of the edifice proceeded till 1814. In 1816 it was decided that without changing the architecture of the exterior, it should be converted to its original destination. This church is in the form of a parallelogram, of about 326 feet by 130. It is elevated on a basement 8 feet in height, and is surrounded on all sides by a superb peristyle formed by 52 columns of the Corinthian order. On the north and on the south are portals crowned by triangular pediments. The portal to the south is ascended by a flight of 30 steps. In the pediment is a magnificent bas-relief 118 feet in length by 22 in height, the work of M. Lemaire. Christ is represented granting pardon to the Magdalen, who, on her knees, at his feet, receives the forgiveness of her sins. On the left of the spectator are angels contemplating the converted sinner. Sent on earth to call the just, the Saviour allows Innocence to approach, supported by Faith and Hope. Charity, who takes care of two children, can- not follow her sisters, but indicates by her look the place reserved in the celestial abode for triumphant virtue. In the angle an angel receives the soul of a saint leaving the tomb, lifts the veil and shows him the abode reserved for him in the new state. On the right an avenging angel re- ST. -ROCH. 131 pels the Vices : Envy ; Lewdness, represented by a group in disordered attire ; Hypocrisy, with a raised mask ; "Ava- rice, with his useless treasures- all fly before the flaming sword. In the angle is a demon prcipitating the souls of the wicked into eternal flames. Upon the plinth is the following inscription : " D. O. M. sub invocatione Sanctæ Magdalena." Niches in the walls between the intercolum- niations are destined to receive statues. The entrance to this church is by a double porch, on each side of which are chapels, one for marriages and the other for baptisms. The interior consists of a simple nave receiving light from three cupolas ; it is ornamented with columns ofthe Corinthian and Ionic order, elevated on the same basement. The choir, in a semicircular recess at the extremity of the church, is decorated with lonic pi- lasters which extend along the two aisles . On each side of the edifice are three chapels. The semicircular spaces above the chapels are destined to receive six paintings representing events in the life of the saint to whom the building is dedicated ; these paintings are confided to M. Paul Delaroche. Decidedly beautiful as is this edifice, it seems strangely at variance with its religious destination. The eye, accustomed to contemplate the imposing dome, or the elegant spire, as emblems of a temple dedicated to the divinity, is shocked with Christian subjects emblazoning a building, which, but for them, might seem dedicated to Jupiter, Neptune, or any other god of the heathen mythology. ST. -ROCH, Parish Church of the Second Arrondisement, Rue St.-Honoré. Louis XIV. laid the first stone of this church in 1653. The works, however, proceeded but slowly. In 1721 the famous Law gave 100,000 livres towards the completion of the edifice, which was not entirely terminated till 1740. The first designs of this church were by Lemercier ; the portico is by Robert de la Cotte. The front, elevated on a lofty flight of steps, is composed of two orders of columns placed one above the other, viz. Doric below and Corin- . thian above, surmounted by a triangular pediment and 132 CHURCHES : cross. This disposition may be harmonious enough, but it produces no effect. On entering this temple the eye is surprised with the profusion of its ornaments ; richness and splendour of decoration have been preferred to the noble simplicity which ought to reside in the sanctuary of the divinity. The choir, which in other Catholic churches is the most striking object, is here rendered of secondary importance from the large opening between the columns which allows other chapels to be seen beyond it. Over the high altar is an immense glory. Behind it is a medallion representing the apparition of Christ to Mary Magdalen, painted by Le Thiers. The vault of the nave is supported by pillars ornamented with Doric pilasters. Baptisms are performed in the first chapel on the left ; a group here, in white marble, by Lemoine, represents the baptism of our Saviour. In the next chapel are monuments to Maupertuis, by Huez; of the Marquis d'Asfeld ; of Lenotre, by Coysevox ; of Madame Lalive de Juilly, and of the Count d'Harcourt, by Renard. In the chapel beyond is a painting of the Virgin appearing to Antonio Botta ; and further on a scene from the Crusade of St. -Louis. In the transept are four chapels ; those on the left are dedicated to St.- Denis, and the Passion of Christ. Over the altar of the former is a magnificent painting by Vien, representing the Preaching of St.- Denis ; on the sides are statues of St.- Augustine and St. -Ambrose ; over the altar of the latter is a group, by Falconet, representing Christ's Agony in the Garden. In the chapels round the choir are bas-reliefs in plaster by Deseine, representing Christ betrayed by Judas ; Christ before Caiaphas ; Christ derided ; Christ scourged . In the aisle round the chapel of the Virgin are paintings, amongst which the following may be observed- a Christ ; Virgin, Infant Christ, and St.-John ; Annunciation ; Angel appearing to St. -Roch ; Virgin and Child ; Resurrection of a Saint ; Virgin in Glory ; Triumph of Mordecai, by Jouvenet ; St.-Roch and his Dog ; Adoration ; Martyrdom of St.- Sebastien ; Crucifixion ; Washing of the feet of Disciples, etc. The bas-reliefs in the chapels on the other side of the choir represent Christ wearing the Crown of Thorns ; Christ brought forth to the People ; Christ condemned by Pilate ; Christ bearing his Cross. The chapels ST. -ROCH. 133 in the transept on this side are dedicated to Ste. - Geneviève and St. -Roch. Over the altar of the former is a painting, by Doyen, representing the Cure of the Mal des Ardens, an epidemical disease, at the intercession of Ste.- Gene- viève ; on the sides are statues of St.-Gregory and St.- Jérome. Over the altar of the latter is the statue of St.- Roch and his Dog, by Boichot. In the next chapel, on entering the nave, is a painting of Christ pointing to his heart; and Christ bearing his Cross ; the Chapelle des Trépassés is ornamented with the emblems of Death, and a painting of the Deliverance from Purgatory. In the next chapel are some mausoleums rescued from churches in the parish destroyed during the Revolution . One, by Coustou, jun., is to the notorious Cardinal Dubois ; another, by Coysevox, to the Duc de Créqui ; another, by Lemoine, to Mignard ; and another, by Coustou, sen. , to Lesdiguières. The last chapel on this side contains a group of Joachim and St. Anne. The chapel of the Virgin, of a circular form, is ornamented with Corinthian pilasters ; the fresco painting on the cupola, by M. Pierre, represents the As- sumption. On the altar is a group in white marble, by Anguier, representing the Infant Christ in the Manger, accompanied by St. Joseph and the Holy Virgin . At the entrance of this chapel is the Resurrection of the Daughter of Jairus, by Delorme ; Christ driving the money- chan- gers from the Temple, by Thomas ; the Resurrection of Lazarus, and Christ blessing little children , both by Vien. The cupola of the chapel, which succeeds, repre- sents the Triumph of Religion , also by Pierre. The en- trance to the third chapel, constructed in 1753, by Falconet and Wailly, is by two low and narrow doors. Its low vaulted roof, supported by massive pillars, its mysterious obscurity, the sombre tint of its walls, and Christ dying on the Cross of Calvary, which receives a dim and melancholy light from above, are peculiarly calculated to inspire devo- tional feelings. The Christ which is of colossal dimensions, is the work of Michael Anguier, and formerly adorned the high altar of the Sorbonne. At the foot of the Cross is seen on one side Magdalen in tears, on the other side are soldiers sleeping, trunks of trees, creeping plants, and fragments of rock, from amongst which glides a serpent. This sepulchral and poetical composition is 12 134 CHURCHES the work of Falconet. On the right is the Tomb of our Saviour. Amongst the other objects worthy of notice in this church are, the pulpit of oak, supported by the four Evangelists, on the pannels are carved and gilded representa- tions of the Theological Virtues ; the sounding- board represents a curtain intended to indicate the Veil of Error, which a celestial genius is endeavouring to tear away. Opposite the pulpit is a painting of the Crucifixion . On a pillar beneath the organ is a cenotaph to the memory of Corneille, erected in 1821 by the Duke of Orleans ; on the opposite pillar is a tablet containing the names of the distinguished persons buried in this church, whose monu- ments were destroyed at the Revolution. The organ is one of the best in Paris, and is heard to advantage on the days of the grand festivals, such as St.-Roch's day, Easter Day, Whitsunday, Holy Thursday, and Good Friday. NOTRE-DAME-DE- LORETTE, Rue du faubourg Montmartre, 64. First erected in 1646 , and reconstructed in 1802, this church offers nothing worth notice, except a few paintings, amongst which may be remarked the Lord's Supper, Christ's Agony in the Garden, the Good Shepherd, and a Descent from the Cross. A new church to this saint, has been lately erected in the rue Laffitte ; it has not yet been dedicated to divine worship. The portico is decorated with Corinthian co- lumns, crowned by a pediment in which is a bas-relief re- presenting Angels in adoration of the Virgin and Child. The pediment is surmounted by statues, and a group of the Virgin, Infant Christ, and St. - John. ST. - EUSTACHE, Parish Church of the Third Arrondisement, Rue Trainée. This church, was begun in 1532 and not finished till 1642, a lapse of time which does not astonish when one considers the enormous dimensions of the edifice. The portico on the west was built after designs by Mansard de ST. -EUSTACHE . 135 Jouy, in 1754, and consists of two orders of columns, the Doric and the Ionic, placed one above the other, which support a pediment. Over the lateral entrances were to have been two towers 115 feet in height, ornamented with Corinthian columns, but one only is finished. The interior of this edifice is vast and striking, its arches bold and lofty. From its construction it is evident that no pains have been spared in order to render it a splendid monument. The immense and imposing character of the nave, however, is frittered away by the trivial and tasteless confusion of no less than three species of architecture, the Gothic, the Saracen, and the Greek. The vaulting ofthe aisles is indeed beautiful, the pillars slender and graceful, but a crowd of columns out of all proportion, and overcharged with ornament, produce an air of heavi- ness and confusion which while it shocks the eye is far from embellishing the interior. On the right of the nave is a pulpit sculptured, in 1771 , by Fixon, from designs by Soufflot. The churchwarden's pew is deserving of notice. Inthe nave also are four paintings by Dechaux, representing Jesus preaching in the desert ; the Condemnation of St. Eustatius ; Christ healing a paralytic, and the Baptism of Christ. In the choir, ornamented with candelabras and gildings, are five paintings, viz. , in the centre, St. - Louis when sick, descending from his bed to receive the Sacrament, by Doyen ; on the right the Adoration of the shepherds, by Carle Vanloo ; and the martyrdom of Ste.- Agnes; on the left the Adoration of the Wise Men; and Moses in the Desert, by Lagrenée. In the chapel of the transept are the Baptism of Christ, by Stella ; and the Cure of a Leper, by Vanloo. At the back of the high altar, facing the chapel of the Virgin, are two fine paintings, one representing St.-Jean-Nepomucene, martyr tothe secret of confession, byMarigny ; and the other Jesus driving the money-changers from the Temple, by Poisson. This church is surrounded by a great number of chapels. Amongst the pictures may be observed : in the chapel of St. -Vin- cent-de-Paule, the Institution of the Sœurs de Charité by that saint ; in the second chapel on the right, in which are baptismal fonts, St. John preaching in the Desert, and the Disciples of Emmaus, both by Lagrenée . The Death of Ste.-Monique, by Pallière ; St.-Louis at prayer ; the 136 CHURCHES : Conversion of St. Augustin, by Deschamps ; St. Agnes in prison ; a portrait of Ste. -Anne ; and the Martyrdom of St.- Andrew; are all that deserve attention. In the chapel of the Virgin , over the altar, is the statue of that saint in white marble, by Pigalle ; and in that de- dicated to St.- Eustache is a bas-relief representing Christ at the Tomb, by Daniel de Volterre. Amongst the eminent men interred in this parish are Voiture, Vaugelas , Lafosse, Homberg, the Maréchal de la Feuillade, Tourville, and Colbert. The monument to this last is in the chapel of the Virgin; it consists of a black marble tomb, surmounted by a statue of the minister in a kneeling attitude ; a genius holds an open book before him. On each side of the tomb is a female figure in lamentation. The organ of this church is excellent ; it is a great at- traction on fête days, and particularly at Easter. NOTRE-DAME-DES-VICTOIRES, Place des Petits-Pères. This church owes its origin to a community of bare- footed Augustin monks, who first established themselves in Paris in the year 1607. It is sometimes called " Eglise des Petits-Pères," from the familiar name by which these monks were known. The first stone of the present edifice was laid by Louis XIII. in 1629. It was finished in 1656, after designs by P. Lemenuet, and is chiefly remarkable for its simplicity. The portal, by Cartaud , is ornamented with pilasters of the Ionic and Corinthian orders. The interior is without aisles, but the nave is accompanied by six richly decorated chapels . Around the choir is some richly carved wainscoting. Above are seven large paint- ings by Vanloo; that over the altar represents the Virgin, seated on a cloud, holding in one hand the Infant Christ, and with the other offering a palm to Louis XIII. This monarch, prostrate at her feet, presents a plan of the church which he dedicates to her. The Cardinal Richelieu is on the left of the King, and another minister brings the keys of La Rochelle, whose walls are seen in the distance. On the right are the preaching of St. Augustin ; his Con- version ; his death. On the left are the Baptism of St. Augustin ; his Conference with the Donatists ; the Trans- ST. -GERMAIN-L'Auxerrois. 137 lation of his relics to Pavia. Besides the above here are two paintings by Gaillot, one representing the Conversion of St. Augustin, and the other Ste. -Monique seeing in a dream the conversion of her son. In the nave are seven paintings, viz . the Nativity, the Virgin and Infant Jesus, the Holy Family, the Offering up of Isaac, Christ preaching in the Temple, the Virgin with Jesus and St. John ; and the Benediction of Simeon. The first chapel on the right contains a statue of St. - Joseph, and a cenotaph to the memory of M. Vassal, councillor of state . The chapel of the Virgin contains her statue and paintings of the An- nunciation and of the death of St. - Joseph. The chapel of Ste. -Geneviève, the third on the left on entering, contains a monument, by Cotton, to the memory of the celebrated composer Lulli. NOTRE-DAME- DE- BONNE-NOUVELLE, Rue de la Lune, 23. . Erected first in 1552, this church was destroyed at the time of the entry of Henry IV. into Paris, 1593. It was reconstructed in 1624, and again in 1823. The portico is formed by pillars and columns of the Doric order, sup- porting a pediment. In the interior columns of the same order separate the nave from the aisles. Amongst the paintings in this church may be observed-St.-Louis curing the King's Evil, St. - Nicholas, St. -François-de- Sales, Ste.- Geneviève, Mary Magdalen contemplating Death, the Bap- tism of Christ, the Assumption, the Holy Family, and the Descent of the Holy Ghost upon the Virgin. $ ST.-GERMAIN-L'AUXERROIS , Parish-Church ofthe Fourth Arrondisement. Opposite the Louvre. This ancient church, facing the colonnade of theLouvre, was first constructed by Chilperic, in the year 606 ; and was dedicated to St.- Germain, bishop of Paris. It was the original intention of the founder to have removed the mo- nument of this saint to the church, but the project was never carried into execution. At the beginning of the 11th 12* 138 CHURCHES : century, it was pillaged and destroyed by the Normans, and reconstructed by King Robert, who first called it by its present name ; it having formerly been known by that of St.-Germain- Confesseur. In 1423 it was again almost entirely rebuilt. The decided partiality of royalty in favour of this church became fatal to it in 1793, when the fine arts suffered an irreparable loss in the destruction ofmany of the chef-d'œuvres of the French masters. This church was again in favour during the restoration ; but after the revolution of July, on an attempt being made to cemmemorate the death of the Duc de Berri, on the 13th February, 1831 , a popular commotion took place in which the Archbishop's palace was pillaged and demolished, and this church ransacked and left a standing ruin. ST.-LAURENT, Parish Church of the Fifth Arrondisement, 1 Place de la Fidélité. As early as the sixth century a monastery existed here which was destroyed by the Normans. This church first became parochial in 1280. The date of its last construction is 1595, except the portico, which was added in 1622. The plan of this church is regular ; it consists of a nave and double aisles, surrounded by chapels. The choir, by Lepautre, is ornamented by Corinthian pilasters and an abundance of carved work. In the Chapelle des Fonts is the Baptism of Christ, Abraham offering up Isaac, and the Descent from the Cross. The Chapel of the Virgin, by Blondel, is ornamented with composite pilasters ; in the dome is a painting of the Assumption ; and over the altar a group of the Virgin and Child ; the Infant Jesus is represented bruising a serpent beneath his feet. The chapel of St. -Laurent contains a painting, by Greuze, which re- presents the leading of this saint to martyrdom. The chapel of Ste. -Geneviève contains a painting of the apotheosis of that saint. Amongst the other paintings are Christ and the Disciples at Emmaus ; the Resurrection of the Savi- our ; St. John preaching in the Wilderness ; Simeon bless- ing Christ. ST. -NICHOLAS- DES- CHAMPS. 139 ST. -VINCENT- DE-PAULE. Rue Montholon, 6. This church is remarkable only for having been the place of interment of the saint to whom it is dedicated . A few ofthe paintings are worthy attention, amongst them may be observed the altar-piece, representing the apothe- osis of St.-Vincent-de- Paule ; on each side are paintings by Colson, one representing Ste. - Geneviève, the other the Virgin receiving instruction from St. Anne. The other paintings are the Virgin crowned by the Trinity ; Christ inviting little Children ; Dream of St. -Joseph; Noah, after leaving the Ark, offering sacrifice ; Crucifixion ; Christ healing the Blind and the Lame, by de Juine ; Descent from the Cross, by Marigny, etc. The chapel of the Virgin in the aisle contains the statue of the mother of Christ. This insignificant edifice is about to be replaced by a magnificent structure, now in course of erection, at the extremity of the rue Hauteville. ST. -NICHOLAS-DES - CHAMPS, Parish Church of the Sixth Arrondisement, Rue St.-Martin, 200. This edifice, originally of Gothic architecture, became parochial in 1176. It was considerably enlarged in 1575, at which period the columns of a portion of the nave and aisles, and the whole of those which surround the choir, were constructed in the Doric order, those in the nave and choir being fluted and surmounted by Jonic pilasters. The altar-piece, by Vouet, represents the Assumption , Imme- diately behind the high- altar is the chapel of the Com- munion ; it contains paintings of the Last Supper, and the Eternal Father ; on each side of the altar are angels in adoration. Amongst the paintings and chapels worthy of notice are, beginning on the left : Chapelle du Sacré Cœur, Christ commanding little children to be brought to him. Beyond may be observed an angel appearing to St. Roch. The Chapelle du Calvaire is ornamented to represent 140 CHURCHES : Mount Calvary; above is Christ on the Cross, attended by the Virgin, Mary Magdalen, and St. -Joseph. Farther on are St.-Louis relieving the Sick ; St. Stephen performing the same charitable office ; Martyrdom of St. John ; St. Charles Borromeo administering to the sick of the plague at Milan; St.-Vincent- de-Paule clothing the poor ; Michael contending with Lucifer ; the Virgin watching Christ in his sleep ; Descent from the Cross, by Bourdon ; Christ wearing the Crown of Thorns ; in the Chapel of the Virgin is a statue of the Virgin and Child, by Delaistre, and two paintings by Caminarde, representing the Repose of the Holy Family, and the Nativity ; the next chapel, dedicated to St.-Martin, has a painting representing that saint curing a leper at one of the gates of Paris ; Apotheosis of St.- Bruno ; the Holy Family, by Lebrun ; Louis XIII. making his vow to the Virgin ; Statue of St. Anne, painting of the Good Shepherd ; Circumcision of Christ ; St. Nicholas ; the raising of Lazarus ; Ste. -Geneviève ; the Crucifixion ; Christ bearing his Cross ; Deliverance of Souls from Pur- gatory ; Christ's Agony in the Garden, by Rouget ; Bap- tism of Christ, etc. ST. -LEU ET ST. - GILLES, Rue St.-Denis, 182. First built in 1236, and reconstructed in 1320 and 1611 , this church again underwent considerable repairs in 1780, on which occasion the high altar was elevated on a flight of steps which gives a singular appearance to a building, the general character of which is Gothic. At the entrance of the choir are statues of St.-Leu and St.- Gilles. The nave is ornamented with four fine paintings, St. - Gilles discovered in his retreat by the king of the Goths, by Mon- voisin; Christ walking on the Sea, by Lebufle ; Ste . - Marguerite, Queen of Scotland, washing the feet of the poor, by Gassiez ; and St. - Leu delivering prisoners. The chapel on the left on entering, dedicated to the Virgin, contains a group ofthe Virgin and Child. In the chapel of St.-Leu, are paintings of St.-Leu; the Presentation in the Temple, etc. The Chapelle du Calvaire, beneath the high altar, con- tains a number of small pictures, and a recumbent statue of Christ. The Chapelle du Sacré Cœur contains an altar- STE .-ELISABETH. 141 piece representing the Host of Heaven worshipping the Sacred Heart ; here are also paintings of Ste. - Geneviève, and Christ wearing the Crown of Thorns. The next chapel contains a statue of Ste. - Geneviève, and a painting of the Descent from the Cross. Beyond are Christ appearing to Mary Magdalen ; St. Denis. Chapel of St. James ; por- trait of that saint ; the Nativity, Christ, and the Samaritan Woman; Virgin and Child. In the chapel of St.-Louis are St.-Louis at prayer ; a portrait of St. - François- de- Sales, taken after death, by Philippe de Champagne ; Martyrdom of St. Vincent ; the Baptism of Christ ; Halt of the Holy Family ; and Christ and the Disciples at Emmaus. In the aisle leading to the baptistery should be remarked the Woman taken in Adultery by Delaval. In the last chapel are pictures ofthe Baptism of Christ, and the Crucifixion. STE.-ELISABETH. Rue du Temple, 107. This church, which was consecrated to Elizabeth of Hungary in 1646 , underwent extensive repairs in 1829. Doric and Ionic pilasters decorate the portico . The win- dows of the chapel dedicated to the Virgin, behind the choir, are ornamented with beautiful modern painted glass, executed by an Englishman, representing Faith, Hope, Charity, Isaiah, John the Baptist, and St. John the Evangelist. Over. the altar-piece of this chapel is a group re- presenting the Virgin, Infant Christ, and St John. The only painting worthy of particular notice is one by Blondel, in a chapel dedicated to Ste. - Elisabeth, where that saint is represented laying her crown at the feet of an image of the Saviour. Opposite the pulpit is the Healing of the Lame. In the aisle on the right, is the Virgin at the foot of the Cross ; it is surrounded by compartments, representing scenes from the passion of Christ. The subjects of the few remaining paintings are sufficiently obvious. 142 CHURCHES : ST.-MERRY, Parish Church of the Seventh Arrondisement, Rue St. Martin, 2. The exterior of this church presents nothing to interest ; but the happy distribution, the regularity, and the ensem- ble of its Gothic interior should not be overlooked. A chapel dedicated to St.-Pierre-des-Bois existed here in the sixth century, near which lived and died St. -Merry ; and when the church was rebuilt in 1200, this latter saint was chosen for its titulary patron . It was finished in its pre- sent state in 1612 ; but the choir was ornamented in 1574. The high altar is in the form of a tomb ; above it is a reli- quary containing the bones of St.- Merry, and still higher the suspensoire in which the host is kept. The chapels of the transept complete the appearance of the whole. They are all ornamented with Corinthian columns, supporting triangular pediments. The paintings represent, beginning on the right, St. Peter, by Restout ; the Virgin and Child, by Vanloo ; St. Charles Borromeo at prayer, by the same ; and the Vision of St.- Merry, by Vouet. The chapel of the communion, on the right on entering, contains a fine paint- ing, by Coypel, of Christ breaking bread with the two dis- ciples at Emmaus ; St. John Chrysostom beholding angels present while the Faithful receive Communion, by Peron ; and Charles Borromeo administering to the sick of the plague at Milan, by Colson. At the entrance of the chapel are statues of St. John and St. Sebastian ; on a pillar opposite to the latter is a portrait of the same saint. In the chapels round the nave a very few paintings only are worthy of notice ; amongst them are the reparation of a profaned church, by Belle ; a priest administering the sacrament to a sick man, by Robert ; a missionary preaching before a savage audience, by the same. Near the left door of the transept is the Healing of the Mal des Ardens, through the intercession of Ste.- Geneviève, and on the right a Descent from the Cross. This church contains some fine painted glass by Pinaigrier. ST. -FRANÇOIS- D'ASSIZE. 143 NOTRE-DAME DES BLANCS-MANTEAUX, Rue des Blancs-Manteaux. Some religious mendicants, from Marseilles, established themselves here in 1258. From the circumstance of their wearing white cloaks the people called them Blancs-Man- teaux, and this name still remains to the church and street in which it stands. This edifice is much too narrow for its length ; it is ornamented in the interior with Corinthian pilasters. The high- altar presents a figure of the Virgin standing on a globe, and treading a serpent beneath her feet. In the choir are statues of the four Evangelists. Over the door, on entering, is a painting of the burial of St. Petronique. In the aisles are, Christ washing the feet of his Disciples, by Latil ; a good copy of the St. Michael of Raphael ; an Angel appearing to Joseph in a dream ; Christ and Mary Magdalen ; Christ healing one possessed of a Devil, by Frosté ; the Good Shepherd ; and the Baptism of Christ. In the aisle on the left are three chapels ; that of the Virgin contains a fine painting of the Assumption of the Virgin. ST. -FRANÇOIS- D'ASSISE, Rue de Perche. This church, built in 1622, is entirely destitute of ar- chitectural ornaments ; it consists of a nave and choir, and one aisle . The entrance to the choir is decorated on the left with a statue of St. Francis , of Egyptian marble, and on the right with another of St. Denis ; above them are statues of Faith and Hope. The paintings in the choir re- present St.-Vincent-de-Paule ; Christ's Agony in the Gar- den ; a Vision of St. Theresa ; Christ impressing his wounds on St. Francis ; Christ giving the statutes of his order to St. Francis. Immediately over the altar is the Baptism of Christ, by Guillemot ; continuing to the right are, the Call- ing of St. Francis ; a Man in the agony of Death ; Descent from the Cross ; the Communion of St. Theresa ; and a portrait of St.-François- de- Sales. The paintings in the choir represent, beginning on the left, St. Peter's deliverance from prison ; the Crucifixion ; St.-François-d'Assise before 144 CHURCHES : the Sultan of Egypt, by Lordon ; Christ scourged, by De- george ; St. Louis visiting his soldiers sick of the plague, by Scheiffer ; St. John's Vision of the Apocalypse, by Tre- zel ; John the Baptist reproving Herod for Adultery, by Franque ; and St. Charles Borromeo administering the sacrament to the sick of the plague at Milan . In the aisle are two chapels and numerous paintings, not worth describing. One of the chapels, dedicated to the Virgin, contains a statue of the Virgin and Child . The other, de- dicated to St. Francis, has an altar-piece representing that saint at prayer. | ST. -DENIS, Rue St. -Louis, au Marais. This church, first constructed in 1684, was rebuilt in 1828 ; though open for public worship, it is not yet finished. The portico is formed by six Doric columns, elevated on steps, forming peristyle and supporting a pedi- ment. The interior consists of a nave, separated from each aisle by eight Doric columns ; the roof throughout is orna- mented in caissons. The high altar, in a recess at the extremity of the building, receives light from above. In the aisles are two chapels, one on each side the choir : that to the Virgin possesses a statue of the Virgin and Child ; over the altar of the chapel on the left is a painting representing Christ showing his heart. STE.-MARGUERITE, Parish Church of the Eighth Arrondisement, Rue St.-Bernard . Like most of the considerable churches of Paris, this edifice was first a small chapel, and a chapel of ease, before it rose to the importance of a parish church. It became parochial in 1712, at which period it was almost entirely rebuilt. The architecture of this church presents nothing remarkable. The principal ornament is a fine Descent from the Cross, in white marble, placed behind the high altar ; it is after designs by Girardon. The Holy Virgin, plunged in grief, is contemplating the body of Christ, which has ST. -AMBROISE. 145 just been removed from the Cross . Angels in the air and at the head of the Saviour are contemplating the august victim. The chapel dedicated to the ames du purgatoire, on the left of the choir, was constructed in 1765, from de- signs by Louis, and painted in fresco, by Brunetti. The bas-reliefs represent the Death of Jacob, and Adam and Eve driven from Paradise. The altar is in the shape of an antique tomb; the painting over it, by Briard, represents souls delivered from purgatory by angels, and introduced to heaven. A medallion near the entrance to this chapel indicates the place of interment of the celebrated mecani- cian Vaucanson. On the right of the choir is another chapel, dedicated to St. Margaret, containing a beautiful statue ofthat saint. Amongst the paintings most worthy of notice are St. Margaret driven from the paternal man- sion for having embraced Christianity, by Wafflard ; St.- Vincent-de-Paule animating the zeal of the Dames de Cha- rité, by Galloche ; the same saint demanding aid and suc- cour from the ladies of the Court for poor foundlings, by Restout ; and again represented in the act of founding a charitable institution. In the aisle round the choir are pictures of St. Theodosius, the Entombment of Christ, and the Crucifixion. ST. -ANTOINE, Rue de Charenton, 35. This church presents nothing to interest. It belongs to the Hôpital des Quinze-Vingts. ST.-AMBROISE, Rue Popincourt. A small church, built in 1659, for the Annonciades, a community of nuns. The high aitar is of white marble ; the altar-piece is a painting by Wafflard , representing St. Ambroise rescuing an Arian from the hands of his ene- mies. The other paintings in the choir are Christ bearing his Cross, and the Ascension. Inthe aisle on the right is a fine painting of the Annunciation, by Hallé. In this church are also a fine Christ, in stone ; and a figure of John the Baptist, by Guichard. 13 146 CHURCHES : NOTRE-DAME, Parish Church ofthe Ninth Arrondisement. (See page 121.) ST. -LOUIS, Ile St.-Louis. This church, erected in 1623, was reconstructed in 1664 ; and has undergone subsequent improvements under the direction of Gabriel Leduc and Doucet. It has a steeple in the form of an obelisk, pierced with holes. The interior of this edifice produces an agreeable effect ; the pillars of the nave and choir are ornamented with Corinthian pilasters. The chapels contain, on the left, -1. St.- Louis de Gonzales laying aside his princely honours, and embracing the ecclesiastical state ; St.-Louis, of France, with the emblems of the passion of Christ. -2. In the chapel of the transept is a beautiful statue of Ste. -Gene- viève, by Ladatte ; and in the opposite, by the same author, is the Virgin and Child. -3. A Crucifixion. -4. The As- sumption, byLemoine. -5. St.-François-de- Sales expound- ing Scripture to Nuns. In the aisle is a painting by Vau- thier, representing the interment of the slain by St.- Louis, after the capture of Sidon. The chapel behind the high altar contains nothing remarkable. -6. St.-Louis leaving his bed to receive the extreme unction. -7 . St.-Vincent exhorting the Sœurs de Charité.-8. Christ appearing to Mary Magdalen, and John the Baptist. -9. Chapel of the Virgin.-10. Conversion of St. Martin, Christ showing his heart.- 11. Chapel of the Communion. Christ breaking bread with the Disciples at Emmaus, by Coypel ; the Resurrection, by Perron ; and the Adoration of the Wise Men, by Perrin. - 12. The Deliverance from Purga- tory. Beneath the organ is a painting of Christ raising the daughter of Jairus. In the nave is a Virgin and Child, to whom an angel is offering fruit ; the Adoration of the Wise Men ; and Abraham offering up Isaac. ST.-GERVAIS . 147 ST. -GERVAIS , Rue du Monceau St.-Gervais. This church, as it at present exists, dates from 1420, except the portico which was erected in 1616, by Desbrosses. It was considered a chef-d'œuvre by Voltaire ; and though hot in accordance with the modern principles of church architecture, presents, it must be allowed, something pleasing and imposing. This portico presents three orders of columns raised one above the other, the Doric, the Ionic, and the Corinthian. The first order consists of eight columns, of which the four in the centre support a triangular pediment ; the second order, the Ionic, is dis- tributed like the first ; but the third order consists of only four columns, crowned by a semicircular pediment. The great height of this front and the multiplicity of co- lumns raised one above another, producing the effect of different stories, are blamed , but they are more than jus- tified by the evident necessity there was for masking the height ofthe nave. The interior presents us with the bold and energetic forms of Gothic architecture . In the choir the only objects worth noticing are two statues bearing palm branches. In the first chapel on the left on entering, over the altar, is a model in wood of the two first stories of the portico of the edifice . The two succeeding chapels contain models of other edifices : the one contains a statue of St. Laurent, the other one of St. Anne. In the chapel of St. Denis is a statue of that saint ; and a painting, by Heim, representing the Martyrdom of Ste. -Julitte and her son, St. Cyr. In the aisle, near this chapel, is a painting by Albert Durer, representing scenes from the passion of our Saviour. In a succeeding chapel is an admirable statue, by Cortot, of Christ crowned with thorns. The chapel of the Virgin receives light from five windows, of which three are enriched by superb specimens of painted glass , executed by Pinaigrier, in 1527. The roof is ornamented with a key-stone of singular boldness, six feet in diameter, and projecting three feet six inches ; it is carved into a rude semblance of a crown, and seems almost suspended in the air. Over the altar is a statue of the Virgin, and near the entrance are paintings of the Annunciation, by Lordon ; 148 CHURCHES : and the Death of the Virgin. In the chapel to the right is a group by Gois, representing the Descent from the Cross. Opposite is a monument to Letellier, chancellor of France ; the figures at each end of this sarcophagus represent Re- ligion and Strength. In the chapel of Ste . -Geneviève is a painting of Christ at the house of Martha and Mary. In the next chapel is a statue of St. John, and a painting of the martyrdom of that saint. Beyond is a painting of St. Peter, and an Ecce Homo, by Rouget. In the chapel dedicated to the Holy Ghost are paintings of the Pente- cost ; St. Francis borne to heaven by angels ; and St. Am- brose forbidding the entrance of the Temple to the Em- peror Theodosius, polluted with the blood of the Thessa- lonians. The chapel of St. Nicholas possesses a statue of Ste.-Catherine. On pannels of the wainscoting which sur- rounds this chapel, are seven small paintings representing the Passion of Christ. The chapel of the Dead contains a painting of the Virgin and Infant Christ, seated on a cloud, and delivering souls from purgatory. The last chapel con- tains a painting of the Crucifixion. ST.-PAUL ET ST. - LOUIS, Rue St.-Antoine, 120. This church was built for the Jesuits, in 1627, by Louis XIII. The portico is composed of three rows of Corinthian columns , rising one above the other, in bad imitation of the famous portico of St. Gervais. This church is in the form of a Roman Cross ; with a heavy dome in the centre ; in the interior as well as on the ex- terior are a profusion of ornaments which do little credit to the taste of Derrand, under whose direction this edifice was constructed. The choir is separated from the nave by a balustrade of marble. The high altar is neat. The first chapel on the right contains a painting of the Crucifixion. In the second is a portrait of St. Paul. The chapel of the Virgin contains a splendid altar in white marble, and a statue of the Virgin. On each side is a groupe in marble ; one representing Religion instructing an Indian, by Adam, jun. , and the other an Angel destroying Idolatry, by Vinache. The opposite chapel is decorated by statues in plaster representing St. Peter and St. Paul. Near these chapels ABBAYE-AUX- BOIS. 149 are paintings of the Adoration of the brazen serpent, by Smith; Louis XIII. presenting to St. Louis the plan of the church ; the Conversion of St. Paul, by Taraval ; and Christ's Agony in the Garden. Another chapel dedicated to the Virgin contains a beautiful statue of that saint. In the chapel of St.-Louis is a painting of that monarch at prayer. This church was despoiled during the revolution . ST. -THOMAS-D'AQUIN, Parish Church of the Tenth Arrondisement, Place St. -Thomas- d'Aquin. The present edifice was begun in 1682 from designs by P. Bullet, and terminated in 1740. The portico, like many other of the Paris churches, is imitated from that of St.- Gervais. It is composed of two rows of columns the Doric and the Ionic, placed one above the other and sup- porting a pediment, crowned by a cross. The interior is ornamented with Corinthian pilasters , supporting a cornice enriched with mouldings. Above the principal altar is a glory painted in grisaille. The roof of the choir, painted in fresco, by Lemoine, represents the Transfiguration of Christ. The altar-piece is St. -Louis at prayer ; the other paintings in the choir represent Ste. -Geneviève renouncing the world ; the Adoration of the Wise Men ; and a saint receiving the crown of martyrdom. The chapels of the transept, are dedicated one of them to the Virgin the other to St.-Vincent- de-Paule ; they contain statues of their respective saints. Near these chapels are a Descent from the Cross, by Guillemot ; St.-Thomas-d'Aquin appeasing a tempest by his prayers, by Sheffer ; the return of the Prodigal Son ; the Departure of St. Paul to prosecute the Christians ; and the Conversion of St. Paul. ABBAYE-AUX-BOIS, Rue de Sèvres . This church, which was erected at the commencement of the 18th century, presents nothing remarkable in point of architecture. Above the high altar is a painting ofthe Assumption ; a dead Christ, by Lebrun ; the Holy Family. 13 * 150 CHURCHES : On the left of the choir is a spacious chapel dedicated to the Virgin, the altar- piece of which represents the De- liverance from Purgatory. The nave is decorated with paintings representing on the right on entering, St. Mary Magdalen, St. Catherine of Sienna and Madame de la Vallière ; on the left are St. Mary the Egyptian receiving the Sacrament, the Crucifixion, and the Women taken in Adultery. ST. -FRANÇOIS-XAVIER, Rue du Bac, 120. This church, which is frequently known by the name of the Eglise des Missions Etrangères, was erected in 1683, after the designs of Dubuisson. It consists of two stories, one of which is subterranean . In the lower church are three altars which are but little worthy of remark. The altar-piece in the upper church is an Adoration, by Cou- dère. In the choir are Christ driving the money-changers from the Temple, St.-Louis washing the feet of poor men, who represent the Apostles, and the Adoration of the Infant Christ, by Restout. There are two chapels in the nave : that on the left, dedicated to St.-François-Xavier, has an altar-piece representing the Apotheosis of that saint ; on the sides are his Preaching and his Death-on that on the right, dedicated to the Virgin, the altar -piece represents the Birth of the Virgin ; the other paintings are, the Virgin just after the Annunciation ; and the Assumption of the Virgin. STE. - VALÈRE, Rue de Grenelle- St. - Germain, 142 . This church belonged formerly to a community of nuns called Filles-Pénitentes de Sainte- Valère, who established themselves here in 1700. The interior is neat, and the high altar richly ornamented. ST. -PIERRE-DU-GROS- CAILLOU, Rue St.-Dominique, 60. This church, which is remarkable for its noble simplicity was erected in 1822, from designs by M. Godde. The ST. -SULPICE. 151 portico is formed of four columns of the Tuscan order, supporting a pediment. The interior is also ornamented with Tuscan columns and pilasters. ST.-SULPICE, Parish Church of the Eleventh Arrondisement, Place St.-Sulpice. The first stone of the present edifice was laid on the 20th February, 1655 ; the designs were furnished by Levau. The works were successively carried on by Gittard, Oppenard, and Servandoni, who erected the magnificent portico, and completed the edifice in the year 1745. This portico consists of fluted Doric columns, elevated on a flight of 16 steps, supporting a peristyle of the Ionic order, crowned by a balustrade, and two towers 210 feet in height. The towers have been reconstructed since the time of Servandoni ; that on the south is by Maclaurin ; that on the north by Chalgrin. Under the towers, at the extremities of the portico are chapels ornamented with Corinthian columns ; the one is a baptistery, the other a sanctuary for the viaticum. Each of these chapels is or- namented with four allegorical figures. The interior of this church is 336 feet in length ; its . height, from the pavement to the roof, is 99 feet ; the length of the choir is 89 feet ; and its total width 174 feet. The pillars of the nave and choir are ornamented with Corinthian pilasters. The high altar is of white marble, in the shape of an antique tomb, with ornaments of bronze gilt ; it is decorated with superb candlesticks and cande- labra. The tabernacle, surmounted by a Christ on the Cross, and two Angels in adoration, is also of gilded bronze. The choir is separated from the nave by a semicircular balustrade of bronze and marble, and a splendid gate of the former material. Round the choir are statues of the twelve apostles, executed by Bouchardon . Two angels with outspread wings serve as reading desks. The chapels which surround this edifice, 19 in number, are very spacious, and highly ornamented. The first wor- thy of remark on entering, on the right, is the chapel of St. Roch, painted in fresco by Abel Pujol, in which the 152 CHURCHES : saint is represented praying for those infected with the plague in an hospital. Opposite is St. Roch, dying in the prison of Montpellier, his native town. Over the altar is a bas-relief representing his funeral, and on the ceiling his apotheosis ; the figures in the corners of the ceiling repre- sent the four cities which St. Roch edified by his virtues ; viz. , Rome, Piacenza, Cesene, and Aqua- Pendente. The next chapel, painted in fresco by Vinchon, represents St. Maurice and his companions refusing to sacrifice to the Roman gods. Opposite is a painting of the same saint's being massacred by the Roman army. In the ceiling are angels bearing crowns of martyrdom ; the four figures in the corners of the ceiling are emblematical of the Theological Virtues. Above the altar is a statue of St. Maurice. The next chapel, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, con- tains a fine statue of that saint, placed over the altar. Opposite is a magnificent monument to the memory of Lan- guet de Gergy, formerly pastor of the church, by Slodtz. In the chapel of St. Denis is a painting of that saint preach- ing, and another of Christ and the Woman of Samaria. In the next chapel is a painting by De Juine, representing St. Fiacre, son of Eugenius IV. , King of Scotland, refusing the crown offered to him after the death of his father. The chapel of Ste . - Geneviève contains a beautiful statue of that saint, and the chapel of St. Michael contains two pic- tures of the Overthrow of Satan by that Angel, one of which is by Mignard . Over doors on each side of the chapel of the Virgin are paintings : that on the right re- presents Tobias conducted by the angel Raphael : that on the left, the Baptism of the Eunuch by Philip . The cha- pel of the Virgin, behind the high altar , is of a circular form ; the cupola, painted in fresco by Lemoine, represents the Assumption. At the extremity of this chapel in a recess, formed by clusters of columns of grey marble, sur- rounded by clouds, standing on a globe of white marble, and bruising the serpent under her feet, is a statue of the Virgin and Infant Christ. This group is the work of Pi- galle, and, being lighted from above, produces a fine effect. The chapel, the work of Servandoni, is ornamented with Corinthian pilasters, having gilded capitals ; above are gilded foliage forming festoons, and an entablature in which are painted medallions and other ornaments. In pannels ST. -SULPICE. 153 round the chapel are paintings of the Annunciation, the Visitation, the Nativity, and Simeon blessing the Infant Christ. The next chapel is dedicated to St. Paul ; it contains a painting of this Apostle laying his hand on such of the disciples as had not received the Holy Ghost ; and an- other of the Miraculous Gift of Tongues. The chapel of St. Margaret has a painting of that saint. The next chapel contains a painting of St. Charles Borromeo administering the Communion to the Sick of the Plague. In the chapel of St. John the Evangelist, that saint is represented in the island of Patmos, by Pierre ; here also is St. -François Xavier at prayer. Over the door leading to the baptismal fonts, is a fine painting by Vanloo, representing the An- nunciation. The next chapel, dedicated to the Trinity, is wainscoted. Here are paintings of the Last Judgment, by Barthélemy, and the Baptism of Christ. The chapel of St.- Vincent-de-Paule, painted in fresco by Guillemot, repre- sents that saint addressing the Dames de Charité on be- half of foundlings ; on the opposite side was formerly to be seen the attendance of this saint upon the death-bed of Louis XIII. , but since the revolution of 1830, this painting has been concealed . On the ceiling is the apotheosis of St. Vincent. The next chapel is undergoing repair ; in that which succeeds may be observed St.-Vincent- de-Paule surrounded by the Sœurs de Charité, the Death of the Virgin, by Bardon, and a Guardian Angel conducting a Child, which is a portrait of Louis XVII. The other objects worthy of notice in this splendid edi- fice are the pulpit, which is only supported by the stair- cases by which it is ascended ; two bénitiers of enormous shell-fish (tridachna gigas) supported by two rocks of white marble, sculptured by Pigalle (they were presented to Francis I. by the Republic of Venice, and now ornament the entrance to the nave of this church) ; and the organ, by Cliquot, one of the most complete in Paris. On the pavement of the church is a meridian line, which is pro- longed on an obelisk in the northern transept. At mid-day this line divides into two equal parts a ray of light 10 % inches in diameter, admitted into the church from a win- dowin the southern transept. 154 CHURCHES : ST. -GERMAIN-DES-PRES, Rue d'Erfurt, The most ancient church in Paris, was originally founded by Childebert, and dedicated to the Holy Cross and St. Vincent ; but St. Germain, Bishop of Paris, having been interred here, became its patron saint. The tower still exists as erected by Childebert ; the rest of the edifice dates from the year 1163. The sculpturing of the capitals of the columns which support the aisles of this church bears evident marks of high antiquity ; being chiefly in the Gothic, but mixed with the Greek and Egyptian styles. Duringthe Revolution this church was used for the fabrication of saltpetre ; and a few years ago was falling into ruins ; but it has undergone a thorough repair under the direction of M. Godde, in which the forms of the ancient architecture have been scrupulously adhered to. The nave is separated from the high altar by a semicircular balustrade of white marble with a bronze gate. The choir is behind. In the nave is only one chapel, containing a marble font orna- mented with bronze. The paintings in the aisles are Simeon blessing Christ ; the Baptism of the Queen of Ethio- pia's Eunuch, by Bertin ; the Death of Sapphira, by Le- clerc ; the Entry of Christ into Jerusalem, etc. In the nave is a fine painting of Clotild devoting himself to the service of Christ. In the choir is the Raising of Lazarus, by Ver- dier ; the Martyrdom of St. Laurent, and St.-Germain dis- tributing his goods to the poor , by Steuben. There are two chapels in the transept : that on the right is dedicated to St. Margaret. The statue of the saint is by Boulet. Here is a magnificent monument to the memory of the Cas- tellan family. On the left is the chapel of St. - FrançoisXavier, with a good statue of the saint ; opposite is a painting of St. Peter delivered from Prison. Here is a monument to Casimir, King of Poland : the monarch is represented kneeling on a tomb and offering up his crown and sceptre. On the tomb is a bas-relief representing a very animated battle. The chapels round the choir contain, beginning on the right, 1. à Descent from the Cross ; and a monument to one of the Douglas Family ; 2. the Adora- tion of the Sacred Heart, and the monuments and remains of ST. -ETIENNE- DU-MONT. 155 Descartes, Mabillon, and Bernardin de St.-Pierre ; 3. paintings of Christ appearing to Mary Magdalen, and the Holy Family; 4. statue of Ste. - Geneviève, and another of St. Theodosia ; 5. chapel of the Virgin, with group of Virgin and Infant Jesus ; 6. Christ on the Cross, with two Angels in Adoration ; 7. St.-Vincent-de-Paule ; 8. St. Peter delivered from prison ; Christ's Agony in the Garden, and the Holy Family ; 9. St. Michael warring with the Devil, St.-Louis at Prayer, and a monument to another of the Douglas family. The pulpit has a splendid sounding-board of plaster of Paris. The organ is considered good. ST.-SEVERIN. Rue St.- Severin, 3. From the commencement of the French monarchy there existed on this spot a monastery, where St. - Severin be- stowedthe monastic habit upon St. -Cloud. It has been fre- quently rebuilt and repaired. The present edifice dates chiefly from 1489 and 1684, and is a fine specimen of the Gothic style of architecture. There is nothing remarkable about the choir and high altar except a sort of cupola supported by eight columns, which rises above it. The following paintings, amongst others of less importance, may be ob- served in the chapels round this church, beginning on the left on entering. An exquisite painting of the Virgin and Child ; St. Peter healing a Lame Man, by Pallière ; Death of Sapphira, by Picot ; St. Charles Borromeo at prayer ; the chapel of the Virgin, behind the choir, of an irregular form, contains a statue of that saint. In the next chapel is a portrait of St. - Severin ; beyond are a portrait of St. Augustin ; portrait of Ste. -Geneviève ; Crucifixion ; Apo- theosis of St. Paul ; Baptism of Christ. ST.-ETIENNE-DU-MONT, Parish Church ofthe Twelfth Arrondisement, Rue Montagne- St. - Geneviève. This church was in its origin a chapel belonging to the church of Ste. -Geneviève. It was several times reconstruct- 156 CHURCHES : ed and enlarged ; but permission for any other public en- trance to the edifice than that through the church of Ste.- Geneviève could never be obtained from the Abbé, till the year 1517, epoch in which it was rebuilt, almost in its present dimensions. The exterior of this edifice possesses but little merit ; the first stone was laid by Margaret de Valois, in 1610. The architecture of the interior is remarkable for its singularity and boldness. The roof is sustained by slender pillars without capitals ; which also support, at half their height, a gallery skirted by balustrades in which only one person can pass at a time. The nave is separated from the choir by a highly wrought sort of screen in stone, forming an arch in the centre , and having doors in the aisles. Around the two pillars connected by this screen are open spiral staircases leading to the galleries before- mentioned. The doors in the aisles are sculptured to correspond ; they are surmounted by pediments and crowned by vases and full-sized figures. The screen is surmounted in the centre by plaster statues of the Saviour and angels in adoration. The key-stone of the vault of the ceiling in the transept is an object of curiosity ; the ribs of the arch, united, descend in a mass for more than 12 feet. The pulpit, by Lahire, is a splendid piece of workmanship. It is supported by a figure of Samson kneeling on a dead lion. The body of the pulpit is covered with bas-reliefs, and around it are figures representing virtues, etc. the sounding- board is an angel with two trumpets for the assembling of the faithful. The organ, which is highly ornamented, is remarkable for its size. The painted glass in this church, chiefly by Pinaigrier, is rich and abundant. On Above the high altar, which is elevated upon five black marble steps, is a reliquary containing some mementos of Ste. -Geneviève. In the aisle around the choir are some splendid paintings, which represent, beginning on the left, Ste.-Geneviève praying for the cessation of a storm during harvest, by Grenier ; Attila prostrating himself before Ste.- Geneviève, who had dispersed his troops on their attack upon Paris ; a painting presented to the ancient church of Ste.-Geneviève by the city of Paris, on the cessation of a famine which had desolated the country for more than two ST. -ETIENNE- DU- MONT. 157 years-Ste.-Geneviève is represented in glory ; below are the city officers in full costume, and a number of spectators, among whom are the poet Santeuil, and the author of the painting-Largillière ; Abraham blessing Jacob ; St. Ste- phen Preaching, by Abel Pujol ; Martyrdom of St. Stephen, by Lebrun; Anne of Austria, consort of Louis XIII. , ac- companied by the parlement, imploring Ste. -Geneviève for the recovery of that monarch, by de Troy ; St. Paul before the Areopagites. The chapels round this church should be viewed in the following order, beginning on the left. 1. Chapelle de la Conception Miraculeuse, a fine statue of the Virgin , and painting of St. Charles Borromeo at prayer ; 2. St. John the Evangelist in the Isle of Patmos ; 3. Adoration of the Wise Men, and Guardian Angel conducting a Child ; 4 . statue of St.-Louis, and painting of St. - Louis at Prayer ; St. Bartholomew healing the Sick ; and Crucifixion, in which St. Nicholas and St.-Louis may be observed at the foot of the Cross ; 6. portraits of St. Augustine and St. Theresa ; 7. two portraits of St. -François-Xavier ; 8. por- trait of St.-Vincent-de-Paule, and Marriage of the Virgin ; 9. the Chapel of the Virgin ; this chapel is decorated with Corinthian pilasters, and gilt capitals, supporting an en- tablature. One of the windows of painted glass, representing the Marriage of the Virgin, is modern. Above the high altar is a statue of the Virgin ; and in compartments around the chapel are paintings in fresco representing, 1. Pilgrims and others in supplication before a statue of the Holy Virgin ; 2. the Adoration of the Wise Men of the East ; 3. a painting in which are represented Zacharius, St. Elizabeth, and the Virgin. The next chapel, 10. contains a statue of Ste. - Geneviève, by Valois, and a fine altar in white marble ; 11. this chapel contains the tomb of Ste.- Geneviève, removed from the ancient church dedicated to this saint at the time of its demolition ; here are a number of pictures representing events in which the intercession of Ste. -Geneviève has been influential ; 12. portrait of St. Bernard at prayer, and Death of St.-Louis ; 13. St. Charles Borromeo administering the Sacrament to the Sick at Mi- lan, and portrait of St. Paul ; 14. Adoration of the Sacred Heart ; 15. In this chapel is an antique group of eight fi- gures representing the entombment of Christ ; a fine paint- 14 158 CHURCHES : ing, by Delaval, representing Paul before Felix ; and a Crucifixion in which Louis XIII. , his Minister Louvois, the Virgin and St. -Joseph are represented at the foot of the Cross ; 16. Painting of the Crucifixion ; and a Christ on the Cross, below which is a bas-relief representing the Descent from the Cross ; 18. The Chapelle des Trépassés is ornamented with the emblems of Death ; here are paintings of the Deliverance from Purgatory, and the Death of the Virgin ; 18. Martyrdom of St. Stephen, and Holy Family ; 19. Ste. -Geneviève with the Infant Jesus ; and the Adoration of the Wise Men ; here are two statues representing Hope and Charity. Below the organ are two paintings ; one of which represents a miracle performed at the tomb of Ste. -Geneviève ; and the other St. -Jean de Latrine taken unhurt from a boiling cauldron. Near the transept may be observed tablets to the memory of Pascal and Racine, who were interred in this church. An old tower in this vicinity, near the rue de Clovis is all that remains of the renowned Abbey of Ste.- Geneviève. ST. - NICHOLAS- DU- CHARDONNET, Rue St.-Victor, 104. This church, which derives its name from the waste ground on which it was constructed, dates from 1330. The present edifice was begun in 1656, but not finished even in 1709 , the portico being still to be elevated . The pillars which support the roof are decorated with compo- site pilasters. The balustrade which separates the choir from the aisles is in marble, and of curious workmanship. In the choir, on each side the high altar, are statues of angels in adoration, a painting representing the Baptism of Christ ; and a portrait of St. Nicholas . This church is rich in paintings. To the left on entering the nave is Christ bound with cords, the Annunciation, and Dead Christ and Virgin. The first chapel on the left contains a fine portrait of St. Catherine ; 2. the Chapelle des Tré- passés ; painting of the Deliverance from Purgatory, and two bas-reliefs of Death going forth in his Chariot, etc.; 3. statue of St. -Vincent-de -Paule ; over the door in the transept is a fine painting, by Vignaud, representing Christ ST. -JACQUES-DU- HAUT-PAS. 159 raising the Daughter of Jairus. 4. Beyond is a chapel containing a curious bas- relief, and a painting of the Healing of the Sick at the gate of the Temple ; 5. statue of St. Bernard, and painting in which he is seen officiating at the altar ; 6. Descent of the Holy Ghost on the Virgin, and the Annunciation ; 7. Chapel of St. Charles Borromeo : painting of that saint administering the sacrament to the Sick of the Plague, by Lebrun. The ceiling was also painted by Lebrun. The monuments in this chapel are, one of them to Lebrun, and the other to the mother of that artist ; the former presents a bust of Lebrun, by Coysevox. The latter, after designs by Lebrun, was exe- cuted by Colignon ; the deceased is represented leaving the tomb at the sound of the last trumpet. The figure and attitude of the angel who sounds the trumpet are much admired. 8. St. Clair restoring sight to the blind. 9. Chapel of the Virgin. Group of Virgin and Child, by Bra. 10. Painting of Ste .- Geneviève ; a Bishop directing atten- tion to the Heart of Christ. 11. Vision of St. Theresa, and the Good Samaritan . 12. Painting of the Crucifixion. 13. Monument to the memory of Jerome Bignon, with bust and figures of Justice and Beneficence ; statue and portrait of St.- François - de - Sales. 14. Martyrdom of St. Victor. 15. Chapelle du St.- Sacrement. The altar- piece, by Saurin, represents Christ and the Disciples at Emmaus. The paintings on each side are by Coypel; they represent the Miracle of the Manna, and the Sacrifice of Melchise- dec. Near the entrance to the vestry are paintings representing the Last Communion of St.-François-de- Sales ; the Martyrdom of Ste. -Julitte and her son St. - Cyr, and two curious bas-reliefs . 14. St.-Louis at Prayer, and Christ crucified. 15. Marriage of the Virgin, and Angel appearing to Joseph in a Dream. 16. Baptism of Christ, and the Halt of the Holy Family. In the nave and under the or- gan loft are, Christ on the Mount of Olives, by Destouches ; and Christ crucified between two thieves. ST. -JACQUES - DU- HAUT- PAS, Rue St.-Jacques, 252. This church was begun in 1630, from designs by Git- tard. It was finished in 1688, by donations from the 160 CHURCHES. Princesse de Longueville, and the zeal of the workmen of the parish, who sacrificed one day per week to the completion of the edifice . Much of the stone was also fur- nished gratuitously from the quarries in the neighbour- hood. The portico is ornamented with four columns of the Doric order, supporting a pediment and attic. On the right are three chapels. In the centre one are some good portraits of ecclesiastics ; and in the Chapelle de la Sainte Famille, amongst others, may be remarked the Holy Fa- mily, and a portrait of St. -Vincent-de-Paule. The entrance to the choir was to have been ornamented with statues of St. James and St. Philip, but owing to the events of 1830, that to the former saint only has been erected ; it is by Foyatier. In the transept on the right is a figure of Christ on the cross, and a fine painting of the entombment of Christ, by Degeorge, a pupil of David . The chapels and paintings round the choir contain nothing worthy of par- ticular notice. The chapel of the Virgin is neat, and or- namented with numerous small paintings of saints, etc. ST. -MEDARD, Rue Mouffetard, 161 . As early as 1163 a chapel existed on this spot, for the inhabitants of the village of St. Medard. It was enlarged and repaired in 1561 , 1586, and 1655. In 1784 Petit- Radel attempted to modernize the building, by transform- ing the Gothic into the Greek architecture. This church contains some good specimens of painted glass. The high altar is of white marble, with bronze ornaments, gilt . On each side is an angel in adoration. The chapel of the Vir- gin is worth attention. Two Tuscan columns support a semicircular pediment, in which are the initials of the Virgin ; between these columns is a statue of the Virgin and Child, placed on a cloud, and lighted from above, in imitation of the chapel in the church of St. - Sulpice. In this chapel is a statue of St. Joseph, and a good painting of the marriage of the Virgin, by Caminade. In the Chapelle de l'Annonciation is a painting of the Annunciation, in which may be observed the prophets who foretold the coming of Christ. EXPIATORY CHAPELS. 161 CHAPELLE EXPIATOIRE, Rue d'Anjou- St. -Honoré. After the fatal 10th of August, 1792, the burial ground of the Madeleine having been chosen for the reception of the remains of the victims of the Revolution, the bodies of Louis XVI. and Marie Antoinette were interred there. On ascending the throne of his ancestors, Louis XVIII. ordained the erection of a chapel on the spot where the bones of his relatives had reposed for three- and- twenty years. This monument is the work of Messrs. Fontaine and Percier. The principal entrance through an alley of yew-trees, sycamores, and cypresses, is in the form of an antique tomb. A staircase conducts to a platform on which is placed the chapel ; the entrance is decorated by a por- tico composed of two Doric columns surmounted by a pe- diment. The interior of this chapel is in the form of a cross, of which three branches terminate in semicircles. In the centre, exactly over the spot where the royal bodies were found, is placed the altar, and in the lateral branches of the cross are statues to their memory. On the pedestal of the one is inscribed the will of Louis XVI. , on the other the letter of Marie Antoinette to Madame Elisabeth. Beneath is a subterranean chapel, in which is an altar of grey marble. All the bones found in this ground have been deposited in a vault beneath the edifice. CHAPELLE EXPIATOIRE, Rue de Richelieu. This chapel, erected on the site of the ancient Comic Opera, was intended to commemorate the death of the un- fortunate Duc de Berry, stabbed at the door of this theatre on the 13th February, 1820. This edifice, owing to the numerous political changes which have taken place in Paris, remains in an unfinished state. The chapel is approached by a flight of steps, and surrounded by columns of the Doric order, forming peristyles on the sides and por- tico, in front. A groupe by Cartellier, Cortot, and Dupaty, representing France and the City of Paris weeping over the tomb of the Duke,was intended to have been erected here. 14 * 162 THE PANTHEON. • [PANTHEON, OR STE. -GENEVIÈVE, Rue St.-Jacques. The ancient church erected by Clovis, and dedicated originally to the apostles Peter and Paul, and which had subsequently been consecrated to Ste. Geneviève, in conse- quence of the interment of that saint in this church in the year 512, thirteen years after her decease, having fallen into ruins, Louis XV. determined to erect a structure that should be at once a monument of his power, and an evi- dence of the progress that had been made in the fine arts during the 18th century. The plans of M. Soufflot were adopted, and after seven years spent in preparingthe ground, the first stone was laid on the 6th of September, 1764. The portico of this edifice , imitated from that of the Pantheon at Rome, consists of a peristyle formed of 22 fluted Corinthian columns , of which six in front, elevated on a flight of steps, and supporting a triangular pediment in which is a bas-relief; these columns are 58 feet 3 inches in height, and 5 % feet in diameter. On the plinth is the following inscription : AUX GRANDS HOMMES LA PATRIE RECONNAISSANTE. " During the restoration this edifice was devoted to its original destination, and , at that time, the fol- lowing inscription was placed beneath the pediment : D. O. M. SUB. INVOC. S. GENOVEFAE, LUD. XV. DICAVIT, LUD. XVIII . RESTITUIT. Above the roof is a vast square basement on which the dome which crowns this structure rests ; this basement supports a second of a circular form, 10 feet 9 inches high, and 103 feet in diameter ; above this is a co- lonnade formed of 32 Corinthian columns, 34 feet 3 inches in height, and 3 feet 4 inches in diameter, supporting an entablature, crowned by an open gallery. This peristyle is divided into four parts by mason work, corresponding with the four pillars of the dome, in which are winding staircases that lead to the lantern and gallery above the dome. The total height of this edifice from the ground to its summit is 249 feet 4 inches. The interior, in the form of a Greek cross, is composed of four naves and aisles, similar in form, but of unequal dimensions, at the union of which rises the dome. The total length of the edifice, within the walls, is 282 feet, and CRANDI ITONELLA POTER LECONNAL PANTHEON INVALIDES Gallery Cla sculp:

THE PANTHEON. 163 its greatest width 238. The height of the ceiling of the naves from the beautiful marble pavement is 170 feet. The naves are divided from the aisles by 130 fluted Corinthian columns, 37 feet 7 inches in height, and 3 feet 6 inches in diameter. The frieze of the entablature is enriched with festoons and foliage. Above are galleries skirted with balustrades. The vaults of the naves and the aisles are remarkable for the taste and simplicity of their design. The greatest interior diameter of the dome is 62 feet. Above the entablature rises a peristyle composed of 16 Corinthian columns, supporting a cupola, in which is an opening 29 feet 5 inches in diameter, whence a second cupola may be observed, on which is a painting in fresco, by Baron Gros, representing the apotheosis of Ste. -Geneviève. This magnificent composition extends over a superficies of 3,256 square feet ; and occupied a time equal to six entire years of labour. The figure of the saint is placed in the centre of the painting, habited in the costume of a shepherdess in white ; her air breathes peace, and happiness, and immortality-her existence is celestial. Around her are angels strewing flowers. The images of Louis XVI., Marie Antoinette, and Louis XVII. , appear surrounded by a celestial glory. Below are the most il- lustrious princes of each dynasty. The first is Clovis , em- bracing Christianity at the voice of the beautiful Clotilda. The altars of paganism fall before them. The next is Char- lemagne; in his eyes and bearing sparkle the genius which placed him so far beyond his age. Angels present the cross to the Saxons, who received the light of the Gospel duringthis reign. St.-Louis and his queen, Marguerite de Provence, are in kneeling attitudes ; piety and meekness are observable in the bearing of this king ; near him are two standards marked with the cross, indicative of the two crusades, and an altar on which are a cushion and crown ofthorns ; this groupe is separated from that of which Louis XVIII. forms the principal figure, by a composition which represents angels rising from the chaos of revolution, and bearing the charter, the gage of conciliation . At the most elevated point a dazzling light announces the seat of the Divinity. To see the entire of this chef-d'œuvre it is ne- cessary to mount to the balcony of the second cupola, as 164 THE PANTHEON . only a part of it can be seen from the pavement of the church. In an architectural point of view nothing can be more admirable than the three cupolas rising one above the other, of which this dome is composed ; the boldest efforts of Gothic architecture are less astonishing, and do not produce so sublime an effect. The light style in which this edifice was originally built, hazarded its destruction. The pillars which supported the dome began to bend under its enormous weight, and it was only by introducing con- fusion into the style of the whole that Rondelet was enabled to preserve it from ruin. The connoisseur will per- ceive a disagreeable contrast between the original lightness of the naves and the massive pillars in the centre of the building. The vaults, which extend under the eastern nave, are entered by two doors and a double flight of steps near the eastern end of the chancel. The elliptical vault is sup- ported by 20 columns of the Tuscan order, 18 feet in height. A doubtful and uncertain light penetrates be- tween the pillars . These vaults are skilfully contrived , being neither dark, damp, nor gloomy ; they consist of gal- leries lined with cells . In these cells the bodies are deposited in a stone sarcophagus of equal size and form. A simple inscription relates the name and age of the de- ceased. Voltaire, Rousseau, Mirabeau , Pelletier, Lagrange, Bougainville, Cardinal Erskine, the Dutch Admiral de Win- ter ; Maréchal Lannes ; and Vice-Admiral Thévenard, are amongst those who have received the honours of the Pan- theon. The body of Marat was interred here by a decree of the 21st September, 1793 ; but on the 27th July, 1794, his remains were disinterred by the populace, and thrown into the public sewer in the rue Montmartre. At the extremity of one of the passages in these vaults is a remark- able echo. This edifice is now undergoing repair. In lieu of the cross which crowns the summit of the building, a statue of Ste.-Geneviève is about to be substituted. An iron palissade to surround the building is in the course of erec- tion ; at the extremities of which, on the western front, are to be placed immense candelabras in bronze. The gallery THE SORBONNE. 165 above the dome commands a fine view of Paris and the surrounding country. Guides to conduct strangers to all parts of the building are in constant attendance, for which a trifling gratuity is expected. VAL-DE-GRACE, Rue du faubourg St.-Jacques, 277. Queen Anne of Austria, having been married 22 years without issue, made a vow to build a church if her desire to give an heir to the throne should be realised . Having afterwards given birth to Louis XIV. , this prince, in 1645, then seven years old , laid the first stone in great pomp. It was finished in 1665. The designs were by Mansard. The portico is formed of two rows of Corinthian columns raised one above the other, each of which is surmounted by a pediment, a disposition which produces any thing but a pleasing effect. The interior is ornamented with fluted Corinthian pilasters of fine proportions. The painting of the dome by Mignard, on stone, is one of the noblest frescos which France possesses. It contains more than 200 colossal figures, representing the glory of the saints in heaven. The high altar is surmounted by a magnificent canopy. This church was originally destined for the re- ception of the hearts of the royal family. The chapel of St. Anne formerly contained more than thirty of these relics. During the Revolution this church was converted into a magazine for the effects of the military hospitals. It was restored to divine worship in 1826. The convent of the Val-de-Grace was converted into a military hospital under Napoleon, which destination it still retains. Stran- gers cannot enter the hospital, but may see the church . daily. 43 SORBONNE, Rue et place de la Sorbonne. The buildings of the Sorbonne were erected byCardinal Richelieu for the formation of a society of ecclesiastics, who might devote themselves to study and gratuitous teaching. The church was built in 1635, after designs by Lemercier. The portico is composed of Corinthian 166 GREEK CHURCH. columns, surmounted by composite pilasters, pediment, etc. This building suffered much from the Revolution ; it was falling rapidly to ruin, when Napoleon ordered such repairs as were necessary to preserve it from total destruction. The cupola of the dome, painted by Philippe de Champagne, has been retouched it represents the fathers of the Latin church. The mausoleum of Cardinal Richelieu, in which that dignitary is represented in a reclining posture, supported by Religion, is the chef- d'œuvre of Girardon. The buildings of the Sorbonne are now occu- pied by the University (Académie de Paris) . ÉGLISE CATHOLIQUE FRANÇAISE, Rue St.-Honoré, 359 ; and rue du faubourg St. -Martin, 59. This church differs from the Roman Catholic Establishment, in refusing to acknowledge the Pope as the supreme head of the Church ; it tolerates marriage amongst its priests ; and does not on any account refuse to celebrate the burial service. Mass is said in French, and the fees for christenings, marriages, etc. , are lower than inthe Es- tablished Church. The Abbé Châtel, who is the founder of this reformed church, styles himself bishop. ÉGLISE FRANÇAISE (AT CLICHY) . Succursal rue Basse St.-Denis. This church, which also celebrates divine service in the vulgar tongue, does not acknowledge any higher religious functionaries than those of priests and curés. The curės are elected by the people : the other ecclesiastical func- tionaries are elective for a limited period. Curé : l'Abbé Auzou. GREEK CHAPEL, Rue Neuve de Berry, 4, Champs-Elysées. Divine service is performed in this chapel after the ritual of the Greek church ; it is attached to the Russian embassy. THE VISITATION. 167 SYNAGOGUE. The Jews have a Synagogue rue Notre - Dame de Na- zareth, 17 ; it is handsomely ornamented with the emblems of Jewish worship. Service at 5 o'clock on Friday after- noon, and at 8 on Saturday morning. PROTESTANT CHURCHES. THE ORATOIRE, Rue St.-Honoré, 157. The ancient Chapelle de l'Oratoire was founded by the Cardinal Berulle, for the service of the Prêtres de l'Oratoire, and built in 1621 , from designs by Lemercier. The front was constructed in the year 1774, by Pierre Laqué. It was raised on the site of the ancient hôtel Dubouchage, formerly called hôtel d'Estrées, from having been the residence of the celebrated mistress of Henry IV. The church is spacious, and decorated alike on the exte- rior, and in the interior with the Corinthian order of archi- tecture. It possesses a good organ. The community of the Prêtres de l'Oratoire being suppressed in 1792, the edifice was, ten years afterwards, ceded to the Protestants of the Confession of Augsburg, who now celebrate their worship in it. Service every Sunday at noon, and Thurs- days at one o'clock. Before the erection of the Episcopal church in the rue d'Aguesseau, the English Protestant wor- ship was celebrated here. THE VISITATION, Rue St.-Antoine, 212. St.-François-de-Sales was the founder of the order of nuns, known by the name of the Visitation de Ste.-Marie ; on the demand made to him, he sent Madame de Chantal, foundress and first superior of the order, to Paris, in 1619. She took up her abode in the hôtel de Cossé, rue St.-An- 168 PROTESTANT CHURCHES : toine. The Commandeur de Sillery gave a considerable sum towards the building of this church, of which he laid the first stone in the year 1632. It was erected from de- signs by Mansart, in imitation of the Rotunda of Notre- Dame at Rome. Although small, this church is remarkable for its architecture. The dome is supported by four arches, which spring from Corinthian pilasters, crowned by cornices. It belongs to the Protestants of the Calvinistic persuasion, who perform service here on Sundays and festivals at 11 o'clock. LUTHERAN CHURCH, Rue des Billettes, 16. This church was built in 1754, from designs by a Do- minican, called Frère Claude. The convent of Carmelite friars to whom it belonged, having been suppressed in 1790, it was given in 1802 to the Lutherans, or Protestants of the Confession of Augsburg. The building is light and lofty, the interior being ornamented by Ionic pilasters. This church is fitted up with pews in the English style , and possesses an organ. Some paintings are to be observed in the vestry. Service is performed every Sunday in French at 12 o'clock, and in German at 2. This community have established a school on the Lancasterian plan, No. 18, in the same street, to which visitors are admitted from 10 in the morning till 3 in the afternoon. ENGLISH WORSHIP. EPISCOPAL CHURCH, Rue d'Aguesseau. This beautiful little edifice, erected after designs by an English artist of the name of Benham, was first opened for the celebration of divine worship, on the 23d of March, 1834. It was built under the auspices and partly at the expense of the Right Reverend Bishop Luscombe, and is MARBOEUF CHAPEL. 169 capable of containing about 800 persons. It is well adapted to the purposes for which it has been erected. The archi- tecture, of the modern Gothic order, so much employed of late years in constructions of this kind in England, is at once light, airy, and chaste. The windows are small, and of stained glass, admitting a sober light, which harmo- nizes well with the solemnity of a Christian temple. The English Episcopal service is regularly performed here every Sunday at half-past 11 and 4 o'clock, by the Right Rev. Bishop Luscombe, or the Rev. George Le- febvre. The sacrament is administered on festivals, and on the first Sunday of each month. Application for marriages, which are still performed in the chapel of the Bri- tish Embassy, rue du faubourg St.-Honoré, 39, must be made to the Right Rev. Bishop Luscombe, avenue Chateau- briand, Champs- Elysées, 2 ; and application for baptisms and funerals to the Rev. George Lefebvre, rue d'Angoulême St.-Honoré, 19, or to the church clerk, Mr. Lemaire, rue du Faubourg- St.-Honoré, 98. The Church of England service is also performed in the chapel, rue de Vaugirard, 75, and boulevard Mont-Parnasse, 31 , every Sunday at half-past 11 . There is also an Evangelical service according to the rites of the Church of England in the chapel, rue NeuveSt-.Augustin, 30, by the Rev. Mr. Sayers, at 4 past 11 . MARBOEUF CHAPEL, Rue de Chaillot, Champs- Elysées, 78. This was formerly a café dependent on a public garden called Jardin Marbœuf, and was converted into a chapel by the Rev. Lewis Way. It is extremely neat, and of a sober elegance which does much credit to the taste of those who adapted it to its present purpose. The doctrines preached here are those of Calvin. Its present minister is the Rev. Robert Lovett ; divine service takes place at 11 in the morning and 3 in the afternoon ; sacrament on the first Sunday of every month and on Christmas-day. Attached to this chapel is an English Free School, for the daily gratuitous education of poor children of both sexes. It was opened in the Champs-Elysées, rue de 15 170 CONVENT Chaillot, 105, on the 14th August, 1832, under the superintendence of the Rev. Robert Lovett, by whom subscriptions and donations are received ; as also by J. T. Adams, Esq. secretary, rue de l'Echiquier, 45 ; T. Reynolds, Esq. jun. , treasurer, rue des Ecuries d'Artois, 16 ; and at the French, English, and American Library, rue Neuve- St.- Augustin, 55. 200 children receive education here. The Independents have a chapel in the rue Taitbout, 9, where service is performed every Sunday by the Rev. Mark Wilks, at three o'clock in the afternoon. Wesleyan Evangelical service is performed at the chapel, rue du Bouloi, 10, by the Rev. Mr. Newstead, every Sun- day, at noon, and at 7 o'clock in the evening ; and in the rue de Grès, 22, at one o'clock. -There is also a Wesleyan service rue de Bouloi, in French, every Sunday at ½ past 2, o'clock, and on Thursday evenings at 7 ; as also in the rue du Faubourg St.-Denis, on Sundays at half-past 10 in the morning, and 7 in the evening, and on Thursday evenings at the same hour ; and in the rue Ste. - Anne, 55, on Sundays at 3 and 7 ; and on Wednesday evenings at ½ past 7. CONVENTS AND SEMINARIES. All the convents and religious communities in France were abolished by the Constituent Assembly ; but on the occasion of the concordat passed between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII. , in 1802, they were allowed to be re-es- tablished, and have gone on increasing of late years. The curiosity of the stranger is not to be gratified with a sight ofthe interior of these establishments ; but it is not difficult to gain admittance to the chapels of most of them. They subsist principally on their own resources ; the in- mates devote themselves to benevolent purposes, education, the care of the sick, etc. The most remarkable amongst them are :- The Convent of the Temple, rue du Temple, 89, OF THE TEMPLE . 171 built by the Templars about the middle of the 12th century. But little of the ancient edifice remains. The front is decorated with a portico formed of eight coupled Ionic columns. On each side is a fountain surmounted by a colossal statue by Pujol. That on the left represents the Seine, that on the right the Marne. The front towards the court is adorned with eight coupled Ionic columns, over which are four figures in stone representing Justice, by Dumont; Hope, byLesueur ; Abundance, by Foucou ; and Prudence, by Boichot. The tower of the temple, famous in the records of France, built in 1212, by frère Hubert, treasurer of the order of the Templars, was composed of a square edifice, formed of very thick walls, of which the angles were furnished with turrets. It was here that the kings of France for a long time kept their treasure ; here also were deposited the archives of the Templars, and those of the grand priory of the order of the Knights of Malta, who succeeded them in 1313. The priory of the Temple enjoyed an independent jurisdiction : it was an ordinary asylum for bankrupts and other persons pursued for debt ; a privilege which long out-lived the feudal in- stitutions of which it was a remnant. This establishment of soldier monks was cruelly persecuted by Philippe- le- Bel. The Templars had probably the vices of the monks and military of their time, but these were common to the nobility of the age, and were not considered obnoxious. They had acquired wealth ; this was their real crime -it was this which induced the persecution they underwent at the hands of this prince. Concealing his intentions under a pretext of respect for morality and religion, Phi- lippe-le-Bel accused the Templars of every crime calculated to ruin them in the public opinion, such as sacrilege, pro- fanation, blasphemy, sodomy, etc. The rack was employed to extort from them confessions which they retracted when not under its influence. But Philippe-le-Bel was not a man to recoil from an enterprise he had undertaken. He displayed all the sturdiness of his character, all the inveteracy of his intriguing genius ; the bishops, the magistrates, the pope, his creature, intimidated or seduced, either left him a free field for the prosecution of his object, or seconded him, by becoming his cowardly instruments and accomplices. That the crimes imputed to this body were 172 CONVENTS . those of the whole order cannot reasonably be supposed. Whether there were guilty members amongst them cannot be easily decided. But who can say that, in thus destroy- ing one of the most powerful orders of Christianity, in pursuing its members with such rage and fury, in using such iniquitous and revolting proceedings for the destruc- tion of a religious body, Philippe-le-Bel acted disinterest- edly, and gave way only to the dictates of his piety? The crimes of the persecution are better proved than those of the individuals persecuted . His iniquities have dishonoured his memory, but have not injured the reputation of his vic- tims. These proceedings, commenced in 1307, did not termi- nate till 1314. Some of the Templars escaped by flight from the horrible death reserved for them, some owed their safety to their cowardly impeachments ; but the greater part suffered death with that courage inspired by innocence and a just sentiment of indignation . Fifty-nine of these Templars having been seized in 1310, they were conducted to Paris, and burnt in a field contiguous to the Abbey of St.-Antoine ; " all," says a contemporary, " declaring themselves innocent of the crimes imputed to them, and constantly persisting in this declaration, which excited the astonishment and murmurs of the people." On the 11th of March, 1314, Jacques Molay, and Guy, comman- der of Normandy, were also burnt alive in Paris, protest- ing their innocence. Philippe- le - Bel, after having made them perjure themselves, after having tortured or burnt alive almost all the Templars, seized upon their treasures ; and bestowed their other possessions upon the hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem, since known by the name of the Order of Malta. The Temple then became the head priory of France. The priors had a palace here, which, after the suppression of their order, became national property. This palace was restored and embellished in 1814, and was intended to serve for the residence and offices of the Mi- nister of Ecclesiastical Affairs. But the events of 1814 occurred, and it was given to Madame la Princesse de Condé, ancient abbess of Remiremont, as a convent for the ladies of her order, known by the name of the Dames Bénédictines. On the 11th of August, 1792, Louis XVI. and his family were confined in this tower. The unfortunate monarch CONVENTS. 173 only left it on the 20th January, 1793, to perish on the scaffold . This tower, which afterwards served as a state prison, was demolished in 1811 . The front of the chapel, erected in 1823, is decorated with a portico formed of two Ionic columns, supporting a pediment. The interior is ornamented with columns of the same order. Over the high altar are portraits of St.- Louis and St. Clotilda, by Lafond ; and a Holy Family ; the other paintings are-a portrait of Mademoiselle de Condé, when 15 years of age, the Annunciation and the Adoration of the Sacred Heart, etc. The nuns, who are admitted on Sundays during divine service, are separated from the public by a railing on the right. The Carmelites have two convents, rue de Cassini , No. 2; and rue de Vaugirard, 70. These last occupy the buildings and church of the Carmes Déchaussés ; a religious order celebrated for their personal austerity. The portico of the church is ornamented with Corinthian pilas- ters, supporting a pediment in which is a bas- relief repre- senting the Virgin with the Infant Jesus in her arms. The same order decorates the interior , which is in the form of a Roman cross, surmounted by a dome, and profusely or- namented. The dome, painted in fresco, by Flémaël, represents the ascension of Elijah to heaven . In the transept are two chapels . That on the left, dedicated to the Virgin, is adorned with a group in plaster of the Virgin and Child. The altar- piece of that on the right, dedicated to Ste.- Thé- rèse, represents that saint and her brother, overtaken by their father on their road to suffer martyrdom. Above is a portrait of the same saint. Over the high altar is a painting of the death of St. Joseph. It was in this convent that the massacres of the 2d and 3d September, 1792, commenced. The Religieuses de la Visitation have two convents ; rue de Vaugirard, 12 ; rue Neuve St. - Etienne, 6. Bénédictines Anglaises, rue Fossés St. -Victor. Dames de la Congrégation de l'Adoration perpétuelle du Sacré Coeur de Jésus, Abbaye-aux-Bois, rue de Sèvres, 16 . Pension for young ladies, widows, and elderly women. Gratuitous school. Dames du Calvaire, rue du Petit-Vaugirard . Dames Dominicaines de la Croix, rue de Charonne. 15 174 SEMINARIES . Dames de la Congrégation de la Mère de Dieu, rue Bar- bette, 2 and 4. Dames de la Miséricorde, rue Neuve- Ste . - Geneviève, 25. Pensionnat. Gratuitous education for the poor. Dames du Sacré- Cœur, rue de Varennes. Dames de l'Immaculée Conception, rue de la Madeleine. Dames Ursulines, rue Neuve Notre-Dame- des-Champs ; and rue du Petit-Vaugirard . -Gratuitous education. Dames Bernardines, rue de l'Arbalète. Dames Franciscaines, Vieille rue du Temple, 126. Congrégations des Sœurs de St.- Vincent- de-Paule, rue du Bac, 132. The Sœurs de Charité, who have minor es- tablishments in different parts of the capital, devote them- selves to the nursing of the sick in the hospitals and public establishments of Paris, and at home, to the instruction of poor children, and to the care of foundlings . The com- munity was originally established in 1633, and now con- sists of at least 2,500 nuns, who receive 25,000 francs per annum from government. Dames de St.-Maur, rue St.- Maur. Dames de St.-Thomas- de- Villeneuve, impasse des Vignes, rue des Postes ; rue de Sèvres, 27 ; and another in the rue de Sèvres, near the boulevard. These nuns also perform the functions of nurses in the hospitals, etc. They receive 5,000 francs from government. Dames du Refuge, 193, rue St. -Jacques. This institution opens asylums in large towns for penitent prostitutes. It receives 15,000fr. from government. Dame de la Croix-St.- André, rue de Sèvres, 2. SEMINARIES. Séminaire Diocésain de St.-Sulpice. This institution was founded by Jean- Jacques Ollier, Abbé de Pebrac, about the end of the year 1641 , and was first established at Vaugirard. This establishment was not legally authorised till the year 1645, when it was transferred to a large house in the rue du Vieux Colombier. It was afterwards divided into two seminaries (le grand et le petit) ; the small one occupied a house in the rue Ferou ; the large one was es- tablished in some buildings, which formerly obstructed the place de St.- Sulpice, but which have been pulled down to ANCIENT BRITISH COLLEGES. 175 afford a view of the magnificent façade of that church. The first stone of the structure which this seminary now occu- pies, to the south of this place, was laid on the 21st No- vember, 1820. This edifice is not yet entirely finished, but what already exists appears simple, correct, and adapted to its destination . Séminaire St.-Nicolas, rue St.-Victor, 102. 150 pupils. Séminaire des Missions Etrangères, rue du Bac, 120. The pupils here are instructed in the Chinese and Oriental languages, in which it is intended they should preach the gospel. Institut des Frères des Ecoles Chrétiennes, rue du fau- bourg St.-Martin, 167. It is here that are formed and in- structed the teachers of the Ecoles Chrétiennes, of which there are 200 in different parts of France . In these schools the pupils are taught the great truths of Christianity ; they learn reading, writing, arithmetic, drawing, and the first elements of geography. ANCIENS COLLEGES BRITANNIQUES. These seminaries for the education of Catholic ministers were established here under letters patent granted by Louis XIV. They are three in number. Fondation Anglaise, rue des Postes, 22 ; Fondation Ecossaise, rue des Fossés-St. -Victor, 25 ; and the Fondation Irlandaise, rue du Cheval-Vert or des Irlandais, 3. These establishments were suppressed in 1792. The Irish college was however restored in 1818, and over the door was inscribed Chef- lieu des Colleges Britanniques. These institutions are now devoted to the purposes of general instruction, protestants and catholics being alike educated here, except in the Irish college. In the chapel of the Scotch college, which has been completely restored, is a monument to the memory of James II . erected by the com- panion of his exile James Duke of Perth. It is of white and black marble, and was executed by Louis Garnier, in 1703. An urn of bronze gilt on the top of this monument formerly contained the brains of this unfortunate King. The chapel is dedicated to St. Andrew, and pos- sesses a painting of the martyrdom of that saint, a portrait of the Virgin, and a Crucifixion. The chapel of the Irish 176 PUBLIC EDIFICES : college, built after the designs of Bellanger, in 1780, is dedicated to the Virgin, to whom there is a statue over the high altar. Here are portraits of St. Patrick and St. Bridget. In this institution there is a library containing a large collection of theological works. PUBLIC EDIFICES. HOTEL ROYAL DES INVALIDES, Quai d'Orsay. This is one of the most magnificent monuments of the reign of Louis XIV. It was commenced in 1670 , from designs by Libéral Bruant, and covers a space equal to about 18 acres of ground . An immense esplanade on the north, planted with trees, and extending to the Seine, forms an agreeable promenade for the old soldiers, and affords a fine view of the majestic façade of this edifice, 612 feet in length, four stories in height, and pierced with 133 windows, without counting those in the attic. This es- planade is separated from the court and garden by a sort of ditch in which is a garden defended by twelve pieces of artillery. Here also are to be seen some large cannon, captured at Algiers. Over the principal entrance, decorated with Ionic pilasters, is a bas-relief by Couston, jun. re- presenting Louis XIV. on horseback, attended by Justice and Prudence. The key-stone of the arch presents a head of Hercules, in marble. On pedestals on each side of this entrance are statues of Mars and Minerva, also by Coustou . The four figures, by Desjardins, intended to represent Vanquished Nations, which formerly surrounded the statue of Louis XIV. in the place des Victoires are placed on pedestals at the corner of the pavilions which terminate this façade. The Cour Royale, a chef- d'œuvre of solidity, simplicity, grandeur, and convenience, is 312 feet in length and 192 in breadth. The four piles of building which surround it have projections in the centre and pavilions at the angles ; THE INVALID . 177 around it are two rows of arcades, forming galleries , one above the other. Over the angle above are groups of horses treading the attributes of war beneath their feet. The projecting mass at the extremity of this court, con- ducts to the church ; it is formed of Ionic columns supporting columns of the composite order and crowned by a pediment in which is a clock by Lepaute, supported by figures representing Time and Study. The interior of the church is composed of a lofty nave, and aisles above which are galleries. The pillars of the nave are decorated with Corinthian pilasters. The high altar is placed beneath an arcade communicating with a second church. On each side are three twisted columns, highly gilt, ornamented with blades of corn, bands of vine- leaves, etc. and crowned by angels ; four of whom support a canopy, surmounted by cherubim, holding a globe and cross. The figures and ornaments are the work of Vancleve and Coustou the elder. The railing which separates the choir from the nave and aisles is of iron and brass, highly wrought, and ornamented with military emblems. The pulpit, composed of marble and bronze, is a magnificent object ; the basreliefs and mouldings are of bronze gilt. Of the five bas- reliefs one represents Christ preaching, two Angels record- ing the exploits of war, and in the two others the four Evangelists are represented writing the Gospels. The sounding-board, supported by Corinthian columns, is likewise richly ornamented with bronze and gilding. Near the pulpit is a chapel dedicated to the Virgin in which is a groupe of the Virgin and Child, gilt. The organ is likewise richly ornamented with carving and gilding. On the two first pillars of the nave are mural monuments to the Comte de Guibert and the Maréchal de Coigny, go- vernors of the hotel. The nave of the church was formerly decorated with 3000 standards and the sword of Frederick the Great. They were destroyed by the invalids at the time of the entry of the Allies into Paris. The colours taken at the time of the conquest of Algiers now occupy their place. The Dome, or second church, was raised by Mansard. This edifice hardly appears connected with the build- ings which surround it ; it is nevertheless a most magni- ficent construction. The body of the church on the ex- 178 PUBLIC EDIFICES : terior is square, having on each side slightly projecting masses, crowned by pediments. The portico towards the south is ornamented with columns of the Doric order surmounted by the Corinthian. The entrance is by a flight of steps. In niches on each side of the portico are statues of white marble ; one by Coustou, sen. , represents St.-Louis ; the other, by Coysevox, Charlemagne. The dome is supported by 40 columns of the composite order. Above is an attic where may be observed eight scrolls in the form of brackets which contribute greatly to its embel- lishment and solidity ; and between which are colossal statues of Justice, Temperance, Prudence and Strength. The groups on the balustrade represent four fathers ofthe Greek and four of the Latin church. Above the cornice of the attic are candelabra ; behind rises the dome, the summit of which is crowned by a lantern and balcony surmounted by a spire and cross ; the whole of which is richly gilt. The elevation from the pavement to the summit of the Cross is 323 feet. The dome of the Invalids, like that of the Pantheon, consists of three cupolas ; the third, however, which supports the lead-work of the interior, is of wood ; the others are of stone. In the first is an opening through which may be seen the fresco painting by Charles Lafosse, representing the Apotheosis of St. -Louis ; this prince, on his knees, is delivering to Christ, who is surrounded by angels and saints, his crown and sword. Between the windows in the dome are figures of the twelve apostles, surrounded by groups of angels, etc. painted by Jouvenet. The vault of the sanctuary, by Coypel, represents the Trinity, and the Assumption of the Virgin. The groups of angels, forming concerts, are by Bon and Louis Boullogne. In the pendentifs are the four evangelists, by Lafosse. The columns and pilasters of the Corinthian order in the interior of this church are distributed with taste, and contribute much to its beauty. On entering five altars are observable, of which we have already described the principal one, which serves for the new church as well as the ancient one. The others are placed in six chapels round the edifice, ofwhich the architectural decorations are alike, but the paintings, being the work of different masters, have each their own beauties. In the first to the right, dedicated to St.-Au- THE INVALIDS. 179 gustin, Louis Boullogne has represented the most remark- able circumstances in the life of this saint. It is also ornamented with a statue of Religion, in marble, by Girar- don ; and with plaster statues of Alype and St. Monica. At the entry are two medallions representing St. - Louis administering justice to his subjects, and the same monarch showing the true cross to his people. The next chapel, dedicated to the Holy Virgin, is without an altar ; in its place is a monument to the memory of Maréchal de Vauban. The entrance is ornamented by two bas- reliefs, one representing St. -Louis giving orders for the construction of the hospital of the Quinze-Vingts, and the other this prince a prisoner at Damietta, by Hurtrelle. In the archivault are figures of Prudence and Temperance, by Poultier. The chapel dedicated to St.- Ambrose is ornamented with paintings representing the principal events in the life of this saint, by Bon Boullogne. Here are statues of St.-Ambrose, St. - Satyre, and Ste.-Marcelline. The bas-relief, by Poultier, represents St.-Louis washing the feet of the poor, and a vision in which this prince looks upon the infant Jesus in the manger. The chapel on the opposite side of the altar is dedicated to St. Gregory. The paintings representing the principal events in the life of the saint are by Michel Corneille. The bas-reliefs represent St.-Louis receiving the Cross from the hands of the legate of the Pope, and the ceremony of his marriage. In the chapel formerly dedicated to Ste. -Thérèse is the mau- soleum of Turenne, designed by Lebrun ; it was first erected in the abbey of St.-Denis. Immortality sustains the expiring hero in her arms, and places a crown of glory on his head figures of Wisdom and Valour contemplate the illustrious warrior. On the pillar which rises above the sarcophagus is a bas-relief of the battle of Turckheim. The medallions represent St.-Louis touching for the King's Evil, and the Translation from Jerusalem to Paris of the Crown of Thorns. In the chapel dedicated to St. -Jerome are painted the principal events in his life, by Bon Boullogne. The medallions in this chapel represent St.-Louis waiting upon the sick, and assisting at the funerals of his soldiers in the Holy Land. Above the four last chapels which have been described , and which correspond with the centre of the dome, are magnificent bas-reliefs which com- 180 PUBLIC EDIFICES : plete the history of this holy king in one he is repre- sented by Corneille receiving the extreme unction ; in another, by Slodtz , he is sending out missionaries for the conversion of infidels ; in another, by Legros, he is serving the poor at table ; and in the last; by Springola, he is re- ceiving with his children the benediction of the Pope. The left wing of the front of this hôtel is occupied by the governor, and the right by the physicians and surgeons. The ground-floor of the piles of building to the right and left in the Cour Royale are occupied by refectories, of which there are four, 150 feet in length and 24 in breadth ; one of which is devoted to the officers, and the three others to the sub-officers and privates. These refectories are ornamented with fresco paintings by Martin, representing towns in Holland , Alsace, Flanders, and Franche- Comté, conquered by Louis XIV. Colonels and Lieutenant-Colonels have the privilege of taking their meals in their own rooms. The officers are served, at tables of twelve each, on plate and porcelain. Privates as well as officers are allowed meat both at breakfast and dinner ; and each man has his bottle of wine per day. In 1717, the czar Peter of Russia, being in Paris, visited the Invalids. He would see them eat ; and took himself from the table of the refectory a demi-setier of wine, which he drank to their health . The king's birth-day and twelfth- day are festivals, on which occasions extra allowances are granted. The dormitories above the refectories, eight in number, are remarkable for their extent, order, and cleanliness. The kitchens, two in number, are on the ground- floor on the left, behind the refectories ; one serves for the officers, the other for the privates. In them are two coppers, each ofwhich will cook 1200lbs. of meat. At the first stage of the centre pavilion, above the principal entrance, is the library founded by Napoleon, containing 20,000 volumes, which is open to the invalids daily, from nine in the morning till three in the afternoon. In the garrets are plans in relief of the principal fortifications and strongholds in France, which can only be seen by permission from the Minister of War, under whose especial surveillance is the whole of this foundation . The governor is generally a marshal of France ; his council of administration is composed of military officers ofthe highest rank, and the most

PALAIS DE JUSTICE NOTRE-DAME REE 周 HOTEL DE VILLE Villerey delatet Sculps HOTEL DE VILLE. 181 eminent personages of the state ; the infirmaries of the establishment are attended by the most able physicians of the army ; and the sick are under the especial care of the Sœurs de Charite. Four or five thousand old soldiers receive an honourable asylum in this institution, where their treatment is regulated by the rank which they held in the army, by their services, by their infirmities, or their wounds. Under the shade of the numerous trees in the vicinity of the hôtel, these old soldiers may be frequently seen in groups, conversing of their ancient exploits, fight- ing their battles over again, and appearing to grow young at the recollection of their imminent dangers and hair- breadth escapes. The hôtel may be seen daily from ten till four. Some of the invalids serve as guides. ' HOTEL DE VILLE, Place de la Grève. The municipality of Paris first assembled in a house which occupied the site of the Hôtel de Ville, in 1357. The present structure, begun in 1553, was not completed till 1605. Though in bad taste, the architecture of this building is at least regular. The ground story is ornamented with three- quarter composite columns, and the story above with niches for statues. Over the principal entrance, which is much too small for the extent of the edifice, is a bas-relief in bronze, representing Henry IV. on horseback. It was injured during the war of the Fronde, re- stored by the son of the artist (Biard), destroyed during the Revolution, and re- established in 1815. The clock, by Jean-André Lepaute, erected in 1784, is one of the best in Paris ; it is illuminated at night, so that the hour may be constantly seen. A flight of steps conducts to the principal entrance , and the court, which is square and regular, is ornamented with arcades and Ionic columns. Under the arcade opposite to the entrance is a pedestrian statue in bronze of Louis XIV. , by Coysevox. He is habited à l'antique, with the exception of his wig. This edifice was restored and enlarged, and the prefecture of the department established in it, in 1801. A fine staircase conducts to the appartemens d'honneur. The throne-room 16 182 PUBLIC BUILDINGS : is spacious. Two vast chimneys of coloured marble, at its extremities, are highly ornamented ; they are supported by caryatides, and surmounted by full length recumbent figures in white marble, and are supposed to date from the time of Henry IV. A number of brilliant lustres are suspended from the ceiling. Adjoining are the Salle du Zo- diaque and the Salle Verte. The Salle St.-Jean, which is decorated with twelve Corinthian columns, serves for the drawing of conscripts for the department. On the site of the ancient church of St.-Jean, an edifice has been erected where civic entertainments are given. The Hôtel de Ville, in which are united all the bureaux of the prefecture of the department, open for business every day, except Sun- days and holidays, from three till four o'clock. ÉCOLE MILITAIRE, Champ-de-Mars. Louis XIV. illustrated his reign by founding an asylum for wounded or infirm warriors ; Louis XV. honoured his by forming, in 1754, an establishment for the education of the sons of five hundred poor gentlemen, who, dying in the service, had not left funds sufficient for the education of their children. This institution was suppressed in 1788 ; since which period it has been almost constantly employed as barracks. The edifice, after designs by Gabriel, occupied 10 years in building. The principal façade, towards the place de Fontenoy, is approached by two courts ; the first of which is 420 feet square, the second 270. The buildings of this last are surrounded by a gallery supported by Doric columns, above which the architecture is of the Ionic order. In the centre of this front is a projecting mass, ornamented with eight Corinthian columns supporting a pediment . The façade towards the Champ- de-Mars is decorated with only one projecting mass, ornamented with ten Corinthian columns, supporting a pediment in which is a bas-relief. Behind rises a quadrangular dome, on the basement of which is a clock by Lepaute, supported by figures of Time and Astronomy, There exists here an observatory on a small scale, but it is deficient in instruments. The chapel is built on the model of that of Versailles. In the council- chamber are paintings representing THE MINT. 183 the battles of Fontenoy and Laufeld, and the sieges of Tournay and Fribourg. Permission to visit the Ecole Militaire may be had on application by letter to the Governor. The CHAMP- DE-MARS, at one extremity of which is the edifice we have just described, is a vast parallelogram of 2,700 feet by 900, surrounded by a fossé and mason-work. The embankments which encircle it were formed by all ranks and both sexes of the population of Paris, in 1790, for the celebration of the famous Fête de la Fédération, which took place on the 14th of July in that year, when Louis XVI. took the oath to maintain the new constitution. It was soon afterwards the scene of seditious meetings and blasphemous ceremonies. The guillotine was occasionally erected here. It is now used for reviews, which frequently take place here, and in the plaine de Grenelle, just beyond; and for horse-races, which occur in the months of May and September. Amongst the prizes run for in September, are the King's prize of 6,000fr. , a stake of 3,000fr. called the Prince Royal's prize ; a royal prize of 6,000fr. , and ano- ther of 5,000fr.; besides two principal prizes, one of 2,500fr. and another of 2,000fr. , and four arrondisement prizes (two of 1,500fr. and two of 1,200fr. ) A society for the amelio- ration of the breed of horses in France has been lately formed. They have established a spring meeting, which is to take place annually on the first Sunday in May. The first races for 1834 were well contested, and gave great encouragement to the further exertions of the society. HOTEL DES MONNAIES, Quai de Conti. It is presumed that money was coined in Paris under the first race of Frankish kings ; it is certain that it was under the second race. In the edict published at Pistes, by Charles-le-Chauve, in 864, Paris is reckoned among the number of towns in which the coining of money was es- tablished. Besides Paris there are 12 other cities in France which possess mints, and the privilege of coining money, subject to the Administration des Monnaies, viz. , Lille, Bordeaux, Bayonne, La Rochelle, Lyons, Limoges, 184 PUBLIC BUILDINGS : Toulouse, Strasbourg, Rouen, Marseilles, Nantes, and Perpignan. Jacques-Denis Antoine was charged with the erection of this edifice, built on the site of the ancient Hôtel de Conti, in 1771. The principal façade towards the quay is 360 feet in length, and 78 in elevation. To break the unifor- mity of this façade, the architect has divided it into two equal parts by a projecting mass, elevated , like the rest of the building, on a rusticated basement, which, being pierced with five arcades, serves for the principal entrance. Above are six Ionic columns, supporting an entablature on which are six statues representing Peace, Commerce, Pru- dence, Law, Strength, and Abundance, by Pigalle , Mouchy, and Lecomte. The vestibule is ornamented with 24 fluted Doric columns . On the right is a magnificent staircase decorated with 16 columns of the same order ; and leading to a splendid apartment, adorned with columns in stucco of the Corinthian order supporting a gallery. In this room are contained chemical instruments, and models of tools necessary for the working of mines, etc. In the interior of this edifice are eight courts surrounded by buildings de- voted to different purposes. The entrance to the Salle des Balanciers, where the coin is stamped, from the first court, is ornamented with four Doric columus. The roof of the interior of this room, which is 62 feet in length and 39 in breadth, is supported by columns of the Tuscan order. Here is a statue of Fortune, by Mouchy. Above is the Salle des Ajusteurs, of the same dimensions, where the coin is reduced to its standard weight. The front towards the rue Guénégaud consists of an attic on a sub-basement of the same height as the façade towards the quay. In the centre and at the extremities are projecting masses. This front is ornamented with figures by Caffière and Dupré, representing the four elements. In order to view the process of coining, application by letter (post paid) must be made to M. le Directeur, à l'Hô- tel des Monnaies. ROYAL PRINTING OFFICE. 185 ARCHIVES DU ROYAUME, Rue du Chaume, 12. The ancient Hôtel de Soubise is devoted to the preser- vation of the records of the kingdom ; its charters, laws, constitutions, etc. The façade of this hotel is composed of 16 coupled columns of the composite order, eight of which, surmounted by Corinthian pillars, and crowned by a pedi- ment, form a projecting building. The other columns sup- port statues of the seasons and groups of children, by Lor- rain. Above the pediment are statues representing Hercules and Pallas, by Coustou and Bourdis. The spa- cious court, of an elliptical form, is surrounded by a gallery supporting a terrace and balustrade. Some of the most ancient archives of the kingdom of France are contained in the Tower of London, having been captured by King Richard at the battle of Frétéval. The judicial archives of the kingdom are kept in the Sainte-Chapelle. Permission to visit the interior may be obtained every day from nine till three o'clock ; but the manuscripts can- not be touched without the sanction of the Minister ofthe Interior. IMPRIMERIE ROYALE, Vieille rue du Temple, 89. This printing-office is the best- regulated establishment of the kind in France, and the completest in the world. It is under the controul of the Minister of Justice. It is here that all the printing required by the government and the different administrations which depend upon it is executed. Here also are printed and published the Bulletin des Lois (bills and acts which have passed the Legislature) to the number of 50,000 copies. The sum of 50,000fr. per annum is granted for the printing of learned and scientific works, and works in the Oriental languages, which without encouragement of this sort, notwithstanding their utility, would probably never make their appearance. This establishment possesses punches and matrices for 56 different Oriental characters , 126,000 Chinese characters ; and a sufficient quantity of ordinary type to set up 16 * 186 PUBLIC BUILDINGS : the value of 150 volumes. Six steam-engines and 100 ordinary presses, it is calculated , would work off 7,000 octavo volumes per day. Persons desirous of visiting the establishment may obtain permission of the Director. BANQUE DE FRANCE, Rue de la Vrillière. The hotel in which the Bank is established was con- structed for the Duc de la Vrillière in 1620. The entrance is decorated with Ionic pilasters, and surmounted by statues of Industry and Prudence. For an account of its com- mercial transactions see page 84. HOTEL DU TIMBRE ( STAMP OFFICE) . Rue de la Paix. This office is established in a ruinous old convent that formerly belonged to the Capucines ; screened from public view by a front of the meanest description. MINISTÈRE DE LA MARINE, Place de la Concorde. These two magnificent edifices, separated by the rue Royale, at the northern extremity of the place de la Con- corde, were constructed by Gabriel, in 1768. They are both raised on rusticated basements, and terminated at their extremities by pavilions forming projecting masses. The basement of each is pierced by 11 arcades, forming a covered gallery, and supporting a peristyle of 12 columns of the Corinthian order crowned by an entablature and balustrade. Four Corinthian columns support pediments in each of the pavilions, ornamented with bas-reliefs, and on each side of the pediments are military trophies . This façade, next to that of the Louvre, is the most splendid in Paris. The building on the right only, on which is the telegraph corresponding with Brest, is occupied with the office of the Minister of Marine. The other is inhabited by private individuals. HOTELS, ETC. 187 HOTEL DES FINANCES, Rue de Rivoli, 48. This vast structure resembles in its exterior the other lofty edifices of the fine street in which it is situated. This hotel occupies with its dependencies the whole space com- prised between the rues de Rivoli, de Castiglione, Neuve- du-Luxembourg, and du Mont- Thabor. The apartments of the minister are richly furnished. HOTEL DE LA CHANCELLERIE, Place Vendome, 17. This hotel , magnificent in its interior decorations, re- sembles in its exterior the superb buildings by which the place is surrounded. HOTEL DES AFFAIRES ÉTRANGÈRES, Rue Neuve-des -Capucines, 14 . The Hôtel Wagram was purchased by the Government for the office of the Minister for Foreign Affairs in 1821 . Passport-office open from 11 till 5, except on Sundays and holidays. HOTEL DES MINISTÈRES DE L'INSTRUCTION PUBLIQUE ET DE COMMERCE, Quai d'Orsay. This magnificent building was begun by Napoleon, and was originally intended as a barracks for the Imperial Guards. It was suspended by the events of 1814, and little progress has been made in it since that period. Charles X. issued an ordinance, directing that it should be finished and appropriated to the exhibition of the produc- tions of French industry. It is now intended that it should be devoted to the residence and offices of the ministers of Public Instruction and of Commerce. The front consists of a central pile and two wings ornamented with two orders of architecture. 188 PUBLIC BUILDINGS : GARDE-MEUBLE DE LA COURONNE, Rue Bergère, 2. Here may be seen on application to the Conservateur, together with rich furniture, superb vases, and an accumu- lation ofprecious jewels, a magnificent diadem of diamonds and sapphires, above whichis placed the celebrated diamond called the Regent, weighing nearly 500 grains. BOURSE ET TRIBUNAL DE COMMERCE, Place de la Bourse. At the commencement of the present century the Ex- change of Paris was established in the church of the Petit-Pères, and afterwards in the Palais-Royal. The first stone of the present edifice, erected after designs by Brogniard, was laid in 1808. The works were not com- pleted till 1826. It is in the form of a parallelogram of 212 feet by 126, raised on a sub-basement, approached by a flight of 16 steps extending the whole length of the western front, and is surrounded by 66 columns of the Corinthian order, supporting an entablature and attic, forming a covered gallery. In the intercolumniations are two rows of arched windows separated by an entablature of the Doric order. The principal apartment of the in- terior, 116 feet by 67, is paved with marble. The roof, of copper, is supported by bars of iron ; in the centre is a sky-light. The interior is decorated with 16 paintings en grisaille, by Abel Pujol and Meunier, which represent, -in front on entering. The King of France presenting the Exchange to the City of Paris ; Lille ; Bordeaux-on the right, Commerce and the Arts giving birth to the prosperity of the Kingdom ; Africa ; America ; Lyons ; Bayonne -above the entrance, Paris receiving the productions of Abundance from the Nymph of the Seine and the Genius of the Ourcq ; Strasbourg ; Marseille-on the left, France accepting tribute from the four quarters of the World; Europe ; Asia ; Nantes ; Rouen. These paintings are best viewed from the gallery which extends round the building and which serves as a communication to the Tribunal de Commerce. The principal merit of the other apartments ÉCOLE MILITAIRE LAMONNAIE ETTRIBU url LA BOURSE sillerey

THE OBSERVATORY . 189 of this edifice is that they are commodious. The whole interior is warmed by means of steam conveyed round the edifice in cast- iron pipes. The degree of heat is regulated by a thermometer, and a safety-valve provides against accidents. For commercial operations see page 000. L'OBSERVATOIRE, Rue d'Enfer. The Observatory is situated at the extremity of the grand avenue of the Garden of the Luxembourg. It was erected, in 1667, from designs by Claude Perrault ; and is composed of four principal members, which are a square tower, whose faces are turned towards the four cardinal points ; a projecting pile towards the north, whose façade is surmounted by a pediment ; and two octagonal towers on the south. This elevation consists of a ground-floor, an entresol, and a second story which receives light from large arched windows. It is completely vaulted throughout, and has no wood and but little iron in its composition. The roof forms a terrace. The Observatory is solidly constructed in a severe style ; it is not even destitute of grandeur ; but it has a capital defect-it is not fitted for the object for which it was designed ; so that astronomers have been obliged to construct at the foot of this edifice, to the east, a lower building in which the greater part of their observations are made. The meridian line is traced on the floor of the second stage, and divides it into two equal parts. This line , from which French astronomers and geographers count their longitude, extends from Dunkirk to Collioure ; its direction is marked by an obelisk at Montmartre. In this chamber are some philosophical instruments and a statue, in marble, of Cassini, by Moitte. On the summit of the edifice is an anemometer, for measur- ing the force of the wind, and a pluviameter for ascertain- ing the quantity of rain which falls at Paris. The surface of the platform is 85 feet above the ground. The caves and subterranean chambers, which are descended by a spiral staircase of 360 steps, extend under a great portion of this side of Paris. They have been closed for some years on account of persons losing themselves by im- prudently venturing too far. But visitors may obtain 190 PUBLIC BUILDINGS : permission to go down if accompanied by a guide. A circular hole traversing the vaults and communicating with the caves was formerly employed for experiments on the fall of solid bodies. In the Salle des Secrets is a phenomenon in acoustics ; a person whispering against a pillar may be distinctly heard by a person at the opposite pillar, and by no other individual in the room. It is in this edifice that the Bureau des Longitudes assembles. The Observatory is open to strangers every day. See Bureau des Longitudes. HOTEL DES POSTES (POST-OFFICE) . Rue J.-J. - Rousseau. This edifice, the ancient Hôtel d'Armenonville, was pur- chased by Government, in 1757 , for the service of the General Post. There are nine auxiliary offices, called Bureauxd'Arrondissement, viz.: 1. rue Lenoir- St.- Honoré, 12 ; 2. rue St. -Louis, au Marais, 13 ; 3. rue des Vieilles- Haudriettes, 4 ; 4. rue de l'Echiquier, 23 ; 5. rue Desèze ; 6. rue de Beaune, 2 ; 7. rue Condé, 24 ; 8. rue des Fossés- St.-Victor, 35 ; 9. rue Notre-Dame- des-Victoires, 28. Be- sides the above, there are the Bureau de la maison du Roi, place du Palais-Royal ; a Bureau near the Chamber of Peers, rue de Vaugirard, 19 ; and another near theChamber of Deputies, Palais Bourbon. Dependent upon the above are 200 receiving-houses (la petite poste). Paid letters for Paris and the department of the Seine, and unpaid letters to all parts where the payment of postage is not obligatory, are received at the Petite Poste. Paid letters for the departments or foreign countries must be carried to the General Post-Office or a Bureau d'Arrondissement. The mails leave Paris every evening at six o'clock. Unpaid letters to go off the same day for the de- partments, and those foreign countries to which the payment of postage is not obligatory, may be put into the receiving- houses till three, into the Bureaux d'Arrondissement till half- past three, and are received at the General PostOffice till five . Paid letters to be sent off the same day for foreign countries and for the departments are received at the Bureaux d'Arrondissement from nine till three, and at the Post-Office till four. The post days for England are POST-OFFICE. 191 Mondays, Tuesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. Letters arrive from England on Sundays, Mondays, Thursdays, and Fridays. The postage for England is 16 sous, and from England 24 sous ; but as the charge is regulated ac- cording to the weight, a letter upon thick paper will cost 36 or even 48 sous. Besides the regular Calais mail, an "estafette" arrives and departs four times a week, by which letters, journals, etc. are received in Paris and in London 24 hours earlier than the ordinary mail. The days of arrival at Paris are Wednesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays, and Sundays, and those of departure are Tuesdays, Wed- nesdays, Saturdays, and Sundays. Letters sent by estafette are received at the General Post-Office, and at the Bureau, rue Notre-Dame- des- Victoires, 28, till half- past four ; letters sent or received " par estafette" pay an extra postage of six sous. It is not permitted to enclose coin in letters ; but remittances for any part of France are received at the General Post-Office and at the Bureaux d'Arrondissement on paying at the rate of 5 per cent. and seven sous for a draught on a stamp . At these offices also letters and packets of importance, to be taken special care of, are received on paying double postage. Letters for the English possessions can only be paid for in England . Letters for and from Mexico, which are conveyed by the Government monthly packets, must be paid to the place of their destination ; those conveyed by other packets or vessels are paid only to the ports where they are shipped. Letters for the French colonies in America, the French settlements in India, or to the United States, must be paid to the frontiers. A foreigner may have his letters addressed to him " poste restante, " but the safer way is to have them directed to the care of a friend or to some established house, as he will be obliged to show his passport or permis de séjour in order to obtain them. -Journals, periodical publications and other works are sent under a band at the rate of one sou per sheet for France and two sous for foreign countries, where a similar arrangement exists. These packets are received till twelve in winter and one in summer. Letters called Lettres de Bourse, whether for the departments or foreign countries, are received (paid or unpaid) at the General Post-Office until five. These letters must be printed on half a sheet of paper and folded 192 PUBLIC BUILDINGS : in a particular manner. There is a Bureau de Rebut where misdirected or unclaimed letters remain a year and a day, after which they are opened, and, according to their contents, destroyed or returned to the address of the writer. On Sundays and holidays, when the General Post- Office is closed at two instead of five o'clock, paid letters must be sent to the different Bureaux by one o'clock, but unpaid letters and letters for England " par estafette" are received till two. The Petite Poste was etablished in 1760. The letters for Paris and the neighbourhood are collected and distributed every two hours, from seven in the morning till seven in the evening, inclusive, during the summer months. The only difference between the summer service and that for the winter is that from the 1st of October to the 1st of April, the first distribution takes place at eight o'clock instead of seven. The charge for a letter by the Petite Poste is three sous. There is what is called a Service de la Petite Banlieue comprehending the extremities of the faubourgs, within the walls, which only differs from the regular service by having one collection and one distri- bution less in the course of the day. There is also what is called a Service de la Grande Banlieue, of which the first departure, at eight o'clock in the morning, serves all the villages in the vicinity of Paris, including St.- Germain, Versailles, etc. , with letters put into the receiving houses up to seven o'clock on the previous evening ; and into the Bureaux d'Arrondissement, up to half-past seven. The second departure, at eleven o'clock serves a number of towns at a still greater distance from the capital, such as Chantilly, Pontoise, Rambouillet, etc. with letters put into the receiving houses from three o'clock on the preceding day up to nine o'clock in the morning, and till half-past nine in the Bureaux d'Arrondissement. And a third departure, at one o'clock, for villages in the immediate vicinity, with letters put into the receiving houses up to eleven o'clock and into the Bureaux d'Arrondissement up to half-past eleven. The towns which receive two mails a day send off two in return, and those which receive only one, despatch but one in return, ATELIERS DE SCULPTURE . 193 L'ARSENAL , Rue de Sully. These buildings are no longer used as an arsenal. The object which principally interests the stranger is the apart- ment in which Henry IV. used to visit his friend Sully, after his creation to the office of Grand Master of the Artillery, when he took up his residence here. The ceiling, painted by Mignard, represents France triumphant. Amongst the articles which undoubtedly belong to the time of Sully, are a writing-desk ornamented with black var- nish and copper gilt ; and another desk with shelves for books. On the 28th of January, 1563, a dreadful accident occurred here, in consequence of the explosion of 15 or 20,000lbs. of gunpowder. Thirty persons were blown to pieces, and a much larger number received dangerous wounds ; several houses were destroyed, and some stones thrown as far as the faubourg St.-Marceau ; the commotion was felt even bythe fish inthe river. The author, or cause of the accident was never discovered ; but people did not fail to attribute it to the protestants. The Library of the Arsenal will be described under its proper head. ÉCURIES DU ROI, Rue du faubourg du Roule, 23. This edifice was constructed in the time of Louis XVIII. , for MONSIEUR, since Charles X. ATELIERS DE SCULPTURE, Quai des Invalids. In this establishment there are frequently some fine specimens of sculpture, ordered for government, in various states of forwardness. Tickets of admission may be obtained on application to the Direction des Travaux des Monumens Publics, rue de l'Université ; or by letter, post- paid, to M. le Directeur. 17 194 PUBLIC BUILDINGS. MONT DE PIÉTÉ, Rue des Blancs-Manteaux, 18. The architecture of this edifice , erected in 1786, after designs by Viel, is simple and severe. Towards the rue de Paradis it is decorated with Tuscan columns, which have a good effect.-( See page 75.) CASERNES ( BARRACKS) . The stranger will be struck with the numerous and mag- nificent barracks so frequently met with in the streets of Paris. The following is a list of them :-Casernes du quai d'Orsay; rue Bellechasse, 47 ; rue Grenelle-St.-Germain, 136 ; rue Neuve- Luxembourg, 5 ; avenue de Neuilly; Grande-rue-Verte, 32 ; rue Pépinière , 22 ; rue Chaussée- d'Antin ; rue de Clichy, 6 ; Arsenal ; rue Fossés- St.- Jacques, 32 ; place de l'Estrapade ; rue Rousselet ; l'Ecole Militaire ; rue Montaigu ; rue faubourg Poissonnière, 76 ; rue de Babylone, 23 ; rue Plumet, 6 ; rue du Petit-Musc ; rue Gre- nelle- St. -Germain, 128 ; rue Vaugirard, 25; rue du fau- bourg du Temple, 71 ; rue Popincourt, 62 ; rue des Barres, 24; rue Lourcine, 62 ; rue Neuve-Ste. - Geneviève, caserne Mouffetard ; rue St. -Jean de Beauvais, 4 ; rue Foin St.- Jacques, 16 ; place des Petits-Pères ; rue Notre-Dame-des- Victoires ; rue du Jardin du Roi , 4 ; rue d'Enfer, 8 ; rue de la Corderie, 11 ; rue du faubourg St. - Denis ; rue Francs-Bourgeois, 12 ; rue Chaussée des Minimes, 6 ; rue du faubourg St.-Martin , 166 ; rue du Tournon, 10 ; rue Mouffetard ; quai des Orfèvres, 20 ; rue de la Paix, 4 ; rue Culture- Ste. - Catherine, 9 ; and rue du Vieux- Colom- bier, 15.

PLACE DE LA CONCORDE RUE CASTIGLIONE COLONNE DELA GRANDE ARMÉE PLACE DES VICTOIRES Villereydeletatskulp's PLACE DE LA CONCORDE 195 PLACES. Squares, Crescents, Octagons, etc. etc., are all expressed in French by the common terin PLACE. ' 6 PLACE DE LA CONCORDE. The plan of this place is an octagon, marked out by fossés surrounded by balustrades, and terminated by eight small pavilions. It is magnificent from its disposition, and the points of view which it affords. On the north is the noble colonnade of the hôtel de la Marine, separated by the rue Royale, disclosing at its further extremity the mag- nificent façade of the Madeleine. On the west are the Champs-Elysées, and the grand avenue discovering the barrière de l'Etoile in the distance. At the entrance of the avenue, on lofty pedestals, are the celebrated horses of Marly, by Coustou, jun. , corresponding with two others at the entrance of the garden of the Tuileries, but far be- fore them in point of execution . On the south are the pont de la Concorde and its statues, and the noble colonnade that forms the façade of the Chamber of Deputies ; and on the east are the gardens of the Tuileries, and the superb avenue disclosing a portion of the royal residence. An equestrian statue of Louis XV. formerly occupied the centre of this square. It is intended to erect here the famous obelisk of Luxor, an elegant monument formed of a single stone, and brought from Egypt at a great expense. Many propositions have been entertained for the further embellishment of this place ; but as these embellishments are never likely to be carried into effect according to the original intention , it would be worse than useless to men- tion them. On the 30th of May, 1770, on occasion of the fête which took place on the marriage of the Dauphin, owing to the want of foresight on the part of the police, a fatal accident occurred here. Near the rue Royale an opening had been made in the ground, and the materials of many unfinished 196 PLACES : houses, amongst others those of the hôtel de la Marine, lay scattered about. After the discharge of fireworks, the people, anxious to return to their homes, crowded and pressed one upon the other in the direction of the rue Royale, which at the time was the only issue from the place on the town side. Many were forced into the open- ings, bruised against the stones, or trodden under the feet of horses ; whilst others attempted to cut themselves a pas- sage through the crowd with their naked swords. To add to the confusion and misfortune, a scaffolding gave way. In the morning, 133 bodies were found upon the place, but the number killed was much more considerable, being estimated at more than 300. As to those wounded, lamed, or who died in consequence of the press, the number has never been known. During fifteen months of the reign of terror, the guillo- tine was erected here en permanence. Without enumerating the numbers distinguished by virtue and talent who were here brought to the scaffold, we may mention Louis the Sixteenth, beheaded Jan. 21 , 1793 ; Marie Antoinette, Oct. 16 ; Louis- Philippe- Joseph, duc d'Orléans, Nov. 4, of the same year ; and Elisabeth, sister of Louis XVI. , May 12 , 1794. PLACE VENDOME. This place, of an octagonal form, is laid out upon the spot where formerly stood an hôtel belonging to César de Vendôme, natural son of Henry IV. The buildings which surround it, erected from designs by Mansard , are uniform in their elevation, and decorated with Corinthian pilasters . Their basement is ornamented with rustics and arcades . This place is only traversed by the noble rue de la Paix , and its continuation, the rue Castiglione. A beautiful equestrian statue of Louis XIV. , erected here in 1699, was destroyed on the 10th of August, 1792. In 1806 Napoleon conceived the design of erecting a monument to celebrate the exploits of the great army under his command in the campaign of 1805. This column was erected under the direction of M. Denon, by the architects Lepère and Gondouin, and completed at an ex- pense of 150,000fr. The foundations were laid at a depth PLACE DAUPHINE. 197 of 30 feet. It is formed on the model of the pillar of Trajan, at Rome, but on proportions of a scale larger by a twelfth ; being 135 feet in elevation, and 12 in diameter. The pedestal is 21 feet in height, 17 in breadth on one side, and 20 on the other. The whole monument is built of stone, and covered with bronze furnished by the artillery, amounting to 1200 pieces, taken from the Russian and Austrian armies . The weight of metal employed in this construction is 360,000lbs. The pedestal is covered with bas-reliefs, composed of trophies of arms of every kind, representing the uniforms, armour, and weapons of the conquered troops ; at each angle is an eagle, grasping a crown of oak. The shaft is adorned with a succession of bas-reliefs, which retrace, in chronological order, the prin- cipal actions of the campaign of 1805, from the breaking up ofthe camp of Boulogne to the conclusion of peace after the battle of Austerlitz. The figures, said to be 2000 in number, are three feet in height, and the spiral band mea- sures 840 feet in length. On the column is a gallery, the ascent to which is by a staircase of 176 steps. This pillar was formerly surmounted by a statue of Napoleon, which was destroyed by the allied army in 1814. On the 1st of May, 1833, this monument was again crowned by the statue ofthe great man, habited in his favourite redingote and three-cornered hat. It is from the foundry of Crozatier. Upon the capital is the following inscription : — Monument élevé à la gloire de la grande armée , commencé le 15 Août, 1806 , terminé le 15 Août, 1810 , sous la direc- tion de D. V. Denon. MM. J. B. Lepère et L. Gondouin, architectes. For permission to ascend the column application must be made by letter (post-paid) , to M. le Directeur des Tra- vaux des Monumens Publics, rue de l'Université, 9. But a guardian is frequently on the spot, who, for a small fee, allows strangers to ascend without any further ceremony. PLACE DAUPHINE. This place, near the Pont-Neuf, is of a triangular form ; and the houses which surround it are of irregular archi- tecture. It is decorated with a monumental fountain, 17* 198 PLACES : erected in 1802, to the memory of General Desaix, who fell at the battle of Marengo. A cippus supports a bust of the general, crowned by France militant. Two figures of Fame are engraving upon escutcheons-one Thebes and the Pyramids, the other Khell and Marengo, the names of the battles in which he most distinguished himself. PLACE DU CHATELET. This place has been formed on the spot where in ancient times stood the northern fortress of Paris, the residence of the chief magistrate of the city, the seat of the juris- diction of the Châtelet, where St. -Louis administered jus- tice, and the principal prison of the capital. It has become one of the pleasantest sites in Paris. Three sides of the square are surrounded by lofty houses, the other is bor- dered by the quays on the banks of the Seine. In the centre is a circular basin, 20 feet in diameter, from which rises a column in bronze, 52 feet in height. The lower part has the form of a palm-tree, and the capital is composed of the leaves. It is surmounted with a gilded statue of Victory, holding in each hand a crown of laurel, supposed to be the chef-d'œuvre of Boizot. At the foot are statues representing Vigilance, Law, Fortitude, and Prudence, who unite hands, and form a circle round the base of the column. This monument, which from its decoration has been called the Fontaine des Palmiers, is from designs by M. Bralle. In the house, No. 1 , in this place, are held the sittings of the Chamber of Notaries, where houses and real property of insolvent debtors are sold by auction. On Wednesdays and Saturdays goods seized by magistrates' warrants are sold to the highest bidder in the open place. PLACE ROYALE. This is a perfect square of 430 feet, surrounded by 34 houses of uniform structure, having arches on the ground floor, forming a covered gallery which runs round the place. A bronze equestrian statue of Louis XIII. was erected here in November, 1639, but destroyed during the Revolution. In November, 1829, it was replaced by one in PLACE DES VICTOIRES. 199 white marble, executed by Messrs. Dupaty and Cortot. In the centre of the grass-plots at the angles of the square are fountains. The height of the surrounding buildings, their severe style of architecture, their arcades, and the total absence of the fashionable world, give a melancholy aspect to this square. This is the site of the ancient palais des Tournelles. At a masquerade given here in 1593, Charles VI. appeared in the character of a savage. The Duke of Orleans holding a flambeau too near him, his dress caught fire. Four of the lords who attended him were burnt to death ; and had it not been for the presence of mind of the Duchess of Berry the monarch would have perished also. PLACE DES VICTOIRES. This place owes its construction to the vanity of the Duc de la Feuillade, who thought to immortalize his own name in rendering homage to the monarch to whom the city of Paris had decreed the name of Great. On the 28th of March, 1686, he erected a colossal statue to Louis XIV. on a pedestal 22 feet in height. The prince was repre- sented crowned by Victory, habited in royal robes, and trampling a Cerberus under his feet ; at the angles of the pedestals were slaves in chains. Louis XVIII. , on his return to France, charged Bosio, an Italian artist, with the erection of an equestrian statue in place of the above, which had been destroyed during the revolution. It was cast in bronze, by Carbonneau, and inaugurated on the 25th of August, 1822. The height of the groupe is 14 feet 6 inches. The prince, in the dress of a Roman emperor, holds a truncheon in his right hand, and curbs his horse with the other. The bearing of the monarch is full of dignity. The horse appears rather short, but is full of vigour. The mass, weighing 16,000lbs. , is sustained by the two hind legs and the tail. The pedestal is ornamented with two bas- reliefs, representing the pas- sage of the Rhine by Louis XIV. in the year 1672, and the same monarch on his throne distributing military decorations. On one end is the inscription, Ludovico Magno, and on the other, Ludovicus XVIII . Atavo suo. 200 PLACES. The houses of this place, which is of a circular form , are noble and uniform, and adorned with Ionic pilasters, raised on a basement pierced with arcades. PLACE DE GRÈVE. The only object worth notice in the open space called the place de Grève, is the façade of the Hôtel- de-Ville. This was a scene of carnage during the revolution of 1830. Public executions, which formerly took place here, have not been renewed since the days of July. PLACE DU CARROUSEL, (See page 93.) PLACE DE LA BASTILLE, Boulevard St. -Antoine. Formed on the site of the Bastille , so celebrated in the history of France. It is altogether of an irregular form, but its situation near the canal St.- Martin renders it pleasant. Many plans for its embellishment have been contemplated. Napoleon intended to have erected a fountain on the semi- circular arch over the canal of St. -Martin. The water was to have been furnished from the trunk of a bronze elephant, which, including the tower supported on the back of the animal, was to have been more than 72 feet in height. The full sized plaster model of this stupendous monument is still visible. The government of Louis XVIII. conceived another project, but the original idea of a fountain was still adhered to. The present government have had two or three projects in view ; but have at last determined to erect a monument in bronze on the plan of that in the place Vendome, which is in actual construction. PLACE DU PALAIS. A semicircular area in front of the Palais de Justice, where criminals condemned to the pillory are exposed.

VICO MAGNO Villerey del scolips et CARROUSEL TRIOMPHE DEARC MARTIN STPORTE DENIS STPORTE TRIUMPHAL ARCHES. 201 PARVIS NOTRE DAME. This place is only remarkable for the fine view obtained from it of the portico of Notre- Dame. It is from the door of this church that all distances from Paris are reckoned. On the south side is the principal entrance to the Hôtel Dieu. On the western side, in the wall of the buildings belonging to the Administration Générale des Hospices, are two fountains. TRIUMPHAL ARCHES. J PORTE ST. - DENIS, Boulevard St.-Denis. The city of Paris, wishing to celebrate the uninterrupted series of victories which distinguished the memorable cam- paign of Flanders, in which in the course of two months Louis XIV. subjected forty towns and three provinces to his dominions, erected this triumphal arch on the site of the ancient porte St.-Denis, whose name it still bears. The designs for this elegant monument were by Blondel. It has an elevation of 73 feet 6 inches, and is 72 feet in width. The arcade in the centre is 25 feet in width, and 42 feet 10 inches in height. There are two lateral arches, or doorways, 5 feet wide and 7 feet high. Over the arches, on the side next the town, are obelisks in relief, decorated with ancient military trophies of fine execution. At the foot of each is a seated colossal figure ; one representing Holland, in the guise of a woman in consternation, seated on a dying lion, having beneath one of his feet seven broken arrows, indicative of the seven provinces of Holland ; the other represents the Rhine, under figure of a vigorous man, leaning upon a rudder, and holding a cornucopia. Above the principal arch is a bas-relief representing Louis XIV. on horseback, with his truncheon in his hand, crossing the Rhine at Tolhuis. The monarch is dressed in a Grecian costume, but is easily recognised by his voluminous wig. 202 TRIUMPHAL ARCHES : In the frieze is the inscription, Ludovico Magno. The de- coration of the façade towards the faubourg, differs from the other only in this-that the obelisks repose on recum- bent lions. The bas-relief represents the taking of Maestricht. The sculpture was executed by the brothers An- guier. This monument was thoroughly repaired by Cellerier in 1807. PORTE ST. -MARTIN, Boulevard St.-Martin. New conquests of Louis XIV. again determined the city of Paris to erect a new triumphal arch on the spot which separates the town from the faubourg St. -Martin. It was built in 1674, after designs by Pierre Bullet, and is 54 feet in height, and as many in width. It is pierced with three arcades ; that in the centre is 15 feet wide and 30 high; those on each side are 8 feet wide and 16 high. Above the entablature is an attic, bearing the following inscription : Ludovico Magno Vesontione Sequanisque bis captis, et fractis Germanorum, Batavorumque exercitibus, Præf. et Edil. P. C.C. anno D. 1674. This edifice is wrought in vermiculated rustics as high as the entablature. Over the lateral arcades are bas-reliefs representing the Triple Al- liance, and the taking of Besançon. In the first of these productions Louis XIV. is seen seated on a throne, having at his feet an allegorical figure of a nation on her knees ; who extends her arms, and presents to him the treaty. In the other, he is represented under the figure of Hercules, naked, with a club in his hand, and trampling dead bodies beneath his feet ; Victory descends from heaven, bearing a palm branch in one hand, and a crown of laurel in the other, which she places upon the head of the monarch. Towards the faubourg are the taking of Limbourg, and the defeat of the Germans. The bas- reliefs are by Marsy, Le Hongre, Desjardins, and Legros. If this gate be in- ferior to that of St.-Denis in richness, it does not yield to it in harmony of proportion and delicacy of execution. PASSAGES. 203 TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF THE ÉTOILE This arch, which in magnitude surpasses every monu- ment of the kind hitherto erected, and whose commanding situation is admirably adapted to so stupendous a structure, was commenced on the 15th August, 1806 , under the di- rection of Chalgrin, and at the expense of the city of Paris, to commemorate the triumphs of Napoleon over Russia, and his alliance with the Emperor Alexander at Tilsit. On the 1st of April, 1810, they were hardly visible above the ground, when Marie-Louise, daughter of the Emperor of Austria, whose marriage with Napoleon had been concluded on the 7th February of the same year, made her public entrance into Paris. On this occasion, by means of car- pentry-work and painted cloth, this arch was made to ap- pear with all the magnificence it will have at the time of its entire completion. The events of 1814 suspended the works ; they were renewed again in 1823, to commemorate the success of the French army in Spain. The elevation of the monument is now terminated , but from the slow pro- gress made in its decoration some years more will undoubt- edly elapse before its final termination. This construction is of the most beautiful fresh-water limestone from ChâteauLandon. It is 133 feet in height by 138 in width, and 68 in breadth. The grand arch is 87 feet in height, and 45 -in width, and the two transversal arches by which it is in- tersected are 50 feet in height and 26 in width. This mo- nument will eventually be decorated with trophies and bas- reliefs . TRIUMPHAL ARCH OF THE TUILERIES. (See page 94.) PASSAGES. The resort of strangers to the galleries of the PalaisRoyal, and the successful commerce carried on there, have induced speculators to construct numerous elegant and commodious covered passages, which, lighted with gas, and adorned with mirrors, produce in the evening a magic 204 ROYAL MANUFACTORIES : effect. The principal are the passages Vero-Dodat, Col- bert, Vivienne, Choiseul, du Saumon, des Panoramas, Delorme, the two passages de l'Opera, the passage Grand- Cerf, etc. BARRIERS. These edifices, 56 in number, placed at the entrance of the different avenues to the suburbs of the city, were constructed by Ledoux, in 1786, by orders of the prodigal minister, Calonne. Notwithstanding the original and bi- zarre architecture of some of them they form on the whole an ornament to the town. The most remarkable are the barrière de Passy, decorated with sculpture, and colossal figures of Brittany and Normandy. The barrière de l'Etoile, agrotesque construction, consisting of two pavilions, united by an iron railing. The barrière du Trône, composed of two spacious pavilions connected by a palissade 270 feet in length, in the centre of which are two columns of the Doric order 75 feet in height. The barrière St.-Martin is square, each front presenting a peristyle composed of eight columns of the Tuscan order. Above rises a circular building with 20 arcades , plain and unadorned. The barrière de Fontainebleau consists of two elegant symmetri- cal buildings, having a covered porch formed of five arcades. The barrières du Combat, de Bercy, de Reuilly, de Courcelles, de la Chopinette, de l'Ecole Militaire, d'En- fer, de l'Oursine, de Chartres, and the barrière Blanche also deserve attention. ROYAL MANUFACTORIES. MANUFACTURE DES GOBELINS (TAPESTRY AND CAR- PET MANUFACTORY) , Rue Mouffetard, 270. The water of the Bièvre had long acquired a reputation for its dyeing properties, when, in the year 1450, one Jean Gobelin founded on the site of the present establishment a LOOKING-GLASS MANUFACTORY. 205 manufactory for the dyeing of wool, in which he and his family amassed considerable wealth . Their successors, the Messrs. Canaye, introduced from Flanders the art of manufacturing tapestry. In 1755, M. Glucq imported a receipt for dyeing wool and cloth of a scarlet colour. In 1662, Louis XIV. at the suggestion of Colbert, resolved to form it into an establishment for the manufacture of tapestry for the use of the royal palaces. Lebrun, the painter, was named director in the year 1667 , under whose management it soon acquired a European reputation for its tapes- try de haute lisse, where the wool is made to express all the shades of the softest pencil, and to reproduce the bold- est strokes of the great masters of the art. In this manufacture the workman has his frame before him, with the warp in a vertical position, on which the outline of the subject has been traced in pencil marks, and his model behind him, to which he occasionally refers in order to compare his colours with that part of the painting he is copying. A single piece of tapestry frequently occupies two years in the manufacture ; and sells for 8 or 9,000fr. Besides a school of drawing for the benefit of the workmen, a course of lectures on chemistry, as applied to the art of dyeing, is every year delivered in this establishment. The manufactory of carpets of the Savonnerie was made a royal establishment in 1604, by Marie de Médicis. It received its name from the circumstance of having been re- moved, in 1615, from the Louvre to a house in which soap had been formerly made, and was united to the Gobelins in 1826. The carpets manufactured here are superior to those of Persia for their elegance, correct design, brilliancy of colour, and rich velvet gloss. The productions of this manufactory are not allowed to be sold. 40,000fr. are frequently expended in the manufacture of a middle sized carpet. The largest production of this establishment is a carpet for the Louvre, composed of 62 pieces, 1300 feet in length. Open on Saturdays from two to six o'clock. MANUFACTURE DES GLACES, Rue de Reuilly, 24. Previous to the year 1559, when a person named Thévart discovered the art of casting glass, all that employed in the 18 206 ROYAL MANUFACTORIES. manufacture of mirrors was blown. The art of polishing the glass was invented by Rivière Dufresné. In 1688, M. Lucas de Nehon carried this discovery to a high degree of perfection. Colbert erected it into a royal manufactory, and, in 1666, constructed for it the vast buildings which it still occupies. The glass is cast at Tourlaville, near Cherbourg ; and at St.-Gobain, near La Fère, whence it is transported to Chauny and Paris to be polished and silvered. Seven hundred workmen are employed in this establishment. In the reign of Louis XIV. the largest mirrors made here were 48 inches square ; they are now made of 150 inches by 90. A mirror of these dimensions, without flaws or defects, exclusive of the silvering and the frame, sells for 7,760fr. A list of the price of the different dimensions may be had of the concierge, price 3fr. This establishment may be visited every day, except Sundays and festivals. MANUFACTURE DE FORCELAINE, A Sèvres. This manufactory was commenced in 1738, by the Mar- quis de Fulvy, in the château de Vincennes ; having ex- hausted his funds, it passed from his hands and was established in a spacious edifice at Sèvres. In 1755 it was purchased by Louis XV. and created a royal manu- factory. This establishment, the first of the kind in Europe, possesses a museum containing a complete col- lection of foreign porcelain and all the articles employed in its construction, as well as of French porcelain and earthenware, and the elements of which they are com- posed. The number of workmen employed here exceeds 150, who manufacture articles amounting in value to between 250,000 and 300,000fr. per annum. An exposition of the products of this manufactory, as well as that of the Gobelins takes place every year at the Louvre. The show-rooms at Sèvres are open daily to the public, who may purchase what articles they please. During the fête of St. - Cloud an exhibition of the productions of the esta- blishment takes place in these rooms, which are thrown open for three days. There is also a dépôt , rue de Ri- voli, 18. It is sometimes difficult to obtain admission to MARKETS . 207 the work-shops. Application should be made to the Inten- dant de la Maison du Roi. MANUFACTURE DE MOSAIQUE, Quai de Billy, 24. Open to the public on Saturdays from noon till four o'clock. MANUFACTURE DES TABACS, Quai des Invalides , 29. The manufacture of snuff is confined to the government. The produce is sold in 240 licensed shops. MARKETS. HALLE AU BLÉ (CORN MARKET), Rue de Viarmes. This edifice , of a circular form, was constructed in 1763, on the site of the ancient hôtel de Soissons, after designs by Camus de Mésières. It is pierced by 25 arcades, six of which serve as passages, and is sustained in the interior by 45 columns of the Tuscan order. The ascent to the vaulted granaries of brick and stone is by two staircases, so con- structed that persons can ascend and descend at the same time without obstructing each other. The light and ele- gant roof by which this building is surmounted was erected by Brunet, in 1811. It is of iron and copper, and after the model of one erected in wood, from designs by Philibert Delorme, which was destroyed by fire in 1802. , Light is received into the edifice from a large circular window in the centre of the roof, 31 feet in diameter. No wood what- ever was employed in the erection of this edifice . Besides the granaries above, the whole of the interior, 126 feet in diameter, is piled with sacks of flour . Against the wall in 208 MARKETS : the interior of this edifice may be observed a medallion of Philibert Delorme. Attached to the wall on the outside is an astronomical column, built for Catherine de Medicis, in 1572, from de signs by Bullant ; it is of the Doric order, 95 feet in height, and is all that remains of the ancient hôtel de Soissons. A complicated sun- dial, is erected at its summit, and at its foot is a public fountain. GRENIER DE RÉSERVE, Boulevard Bourdon. This edifice, begun in 1807, on the site of the ancient garden of the arsenal, is 1077 feet in length, and, accord- ing to the original idea was to have been made capable of containing 100,000 quintals of corn, or enough for the con- sumption of Paris during two months. Its cellars are now employed by the administration of the Entrepôt des Vins. ENTREPOT GÉNÉRAL DES VINS, Quai St. -Bernard. This magnificent dépôt, in which liquors do not pay the entrance duties till they leave the premises, has a superficies of about 282,000 square yards, and is capable of containing 400,000 casks of wine, laid side by side. The first stone was laid on the 15th of August, 1813, and the works were carried on under the direction of M. Gaucher. It is inclosed on three sides by a wall, and towards the river is defended by an iron railing, nearly a thousand yards in length. The piles of building are five in number, of which four in front. Of those in front, two in the centre are used as a market, and are each divided into seven compartments ; the other two contain together 49 vaulted cellars of hewn stone. The fifth magazine has a façade of 390 yards in extent ; it contains 49 cellars for wine, above which are the brandy stores. The noble simplicity of this entrepôt, and the happy distribution of the buildings are admirable . The avenues or streets formed in this establishment bear the name of the most celebrated wine districts in France, as the rue de la Côte-d'Or, de Champagne, de Bordeaux, de Bourgogne, etc. Every cask that enters HAY-MARKETS. 209 this dépôt pays a duty of Ifr. , and the number frequently amounts to 1500 per day. Here is a bureau containing measures of all the casks used in different parts of France, in which a purchaser who thinks that a cask he has bought does not contain the required quantity, can have it re- measured. HALLE AUX VEAUX (CALF Market) , Rue de Pontoise, near the quai de la Tournelle. This edifice, in the form of a parallelogram, was erected in 1771. The market days are Tuesdays and Fridays, from 10 to 3 in winter, and from 9 to 2 in summer. The tallow market is held in the same building on Fridays from 12 to 2 o'clock. As oxen are not allowed to be driven into the town, the markets are held at Sceaux and Poissy ; at the former place on Mondays, and at the latter on Thursdays. MARCHÉ AUX CHEVAUX, Boulevard de l'Hôpital. In 1818 an open space on this boulevard was planted with trees, so as to form avenues where horses, mules, asses, etc. , might be exercised while exposed for sale. The market days are Wednesdays and Saturdays, from one till four o'clock in winter, and from one till five in summer. Although the horses sold here are inspected bythe police, it is prudent to deposit the price of the animals in the hands of the commissary of police of the market, who will pay it over to the merchant at the time of the legal ex- piration of the guarantee, or the convention entered into. Since the year 1830, a new market has been established for the sale of horses of superior breeds, which takes place on the first Monday of every month. MARCHÉS DES FOURRAGES. The hay and straw markets take place every day, except Sundays and holidays, in the Marché Beauveau, faubourg St.-Antoine, and at the extremities of the rue d'Enfer and the faubourg St. - Martin. 18 * 210 MARKETS : HALLE AUX DRAPS, Rue de la Poterie. This edifice, constructed in 1786, by Legrand and Mo- linos, has a semicircular roof, built after the method of Philibert Delorme. It is open every day, except Sundays and fête-days, from 10 to 3 o'clock, for the sale of woollen cloth, and for linen on the first Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday of every month. MARCHÉ AU VIEUX LINGE, Rue du Temple. This vast market, constructed of wood, in 1809, is composed of four immense galleries, which contain 1800 shops occupied by clothesmen, brokers, and dealers in old iron, all so skilfully retouched as to conceal the slightest defect, and recommended with such an appearance of candour and conscience, that strangers to their artifices would find it difficult not to become their dupes. HALLE AUX CUIRS, Rue Mauconseil, 33. Open every day, except Sundays and Mondays, from ten in the morning till three in the afternoon. MARCHÉ AUX FLEURS, Quai Desaix. This market, held on an extensive quay, bordered with four rows of trees, and ornamented with two fountains, is the most interesting one in Paris. The market days are Wednesdays and Saturdays. No small pains are taken in England in the production and cultivation of shrubs and flowers. But the profusion with which the most rare and remarkable specimens are here scattered about during the whole day, in the spring and summer months, exceeds every thing of the kind in London. The market is held throughout the year. MARCHE DES INNOCENS. 211 MARCHÉ AUX FRUITS, Port aux Tuiles. Pears, apples, nuts, grapes, and every fruit in its sea- son, are brought in boats from the environs of Paris to this port or wharf, where they are sold wholesale and re- tail, in paniers or baskets. GRENIER A SEL ( SALT MARKET), Boulevard St.-Antoine, 29. About 9,000,000lbs. of salt for the consumption of the capital are sold here annually. MARCHÉ DES INNOCENS, Rue St.-Denis. The vast space on which this market stands, was, in 1784, the site of the church and burying-ground of the Innocents, which had existed here from time immemorial, and which was formerly without the walls of Paris. In process of time this ground had served as a place of sepul- ture for so many bodies, that the earth, become saturated with the dead, refused longer to assist in their decompo- sition. It was a burying ground for twenty parishes ; and for near a thousand years had continued to swallow up successive generations. It was calculated that during the last seven centuries one million two hundred thousand bodies had been interred here. The nuisance at length became unendurable ; the inhabitants of the quarter, exposed to the pestilential miasma of this hideous cemetery, made complaint to the parlement, or high court of justice. The court, in 1765, forbid the further employment of this burial-ground as a place of interment. The priests, how- ever, cried scandal," intrigued, and the decree was not put in execution. This nuisance continued till 1786, when the mouldering bones were removed to the catacombs, the more offensive remains of mortality conveyed to a distance from Paris, and the present extensive market- place for fruit and vegetables constructed. 66 Napoleon, who entertained so many gigantic plans for 212 MARKETS : the embellishment of the capital, had, in 1811 , ordered the demolition of all the streets and houses between the Marché des Innocens and the Halle au Blé, including the Fish market, the Butter market, and the cour Batave, forming an area of 100 square acres, to be laid out in regular, con- venient, and well ventilated markets ; but the events of 1814 put an end to the project. The Meat market in the rue des Prouvaires, occupies a part of the ground cleared away for these improvements. The best time for observing this market is four o'clock in the morning, at which hour the peasants and cultivators for ten leagues round are arrived, and the wholesale busi- ness, which continues till nine or ten in the morning, is be- gun. After this hour the retail market commences. In the centre of the market is a fountain not less re- markable for its ornaments than for the abundance of its waters. It was constructed by Pierre Lescot, in 1551 , at the corner of the rue aux Fers, and decorated with bas- reliefs by the celebrated Jean Goujon. In 1786, it was thought that this monument would be a fitting decoration for the centre of the market, and it was determined to erect it there ; for this purpose it was carefully removed, and a fourth façade added , the sculpture of which is by Pajou. Each façade of the fountain is decorated with Corinthian pilasters. The entablature is surmounted by an attic decorated with bas-reliefs and pediments, and the whole is crowned by a cupola, covered with copper, repre- senting the scales of fish. The water, which rises in the centre of the monument, falls in sheets into elegant basins on each façade, and thence into the quadrangular basin below. The continual splashing of the water has done considerable injury to the delicate bas-reliefs with which it is adorned. A spot in the centre of this market served as a burial place to some of the unfortunate victims of the events of 1830, HALLE A LA VIANDE (MEAt Market), Rue des Prouvaires. This market was opened for business in 1818. It is constructed of wood, elevated above the level of the sur- POULTRY MARKET. 213 rounding streets, and encircled by posts, from four of which water is supplied. Market days are Wednesdays and Saturdays. Here are 40 stalls for the sale of pork, which are supplied by the charcutiers of Paris, each one in his turn . The half of this market on the right, towards the rue des Deux Ecus, is appropriated to the sale of game, poultry, and the offal of oxen, calves, sheep, etc. , which is held every day. MARCHÉ AU BEURRE, AUX OEUFS, ET AU FRO- MAGE. This market, near the above, of a triangular form, is more commodious than elegant. Butter, eggs, and cheese, are sold wholesale here every morning from 6 till 11 in summer, and from 7 till 11 in winter, to the highest bid- der. Butter from Issigny is sold here on Wednesdays, from Gournay on Thursdays, and pound butter from the environs every day. The market-day for cheese is Tues- day. Eggs are sold every day except Wednesdays . The market is not open on Sundays. MARCHÉ AU POISSON. i This market, also situated in the above neighbour- hood, is in the form of a parallelogram, covered with a roof supported by pillars, and plentifully supplied with water. From 3 o'clock in the morning in summer, and from 4 in the winter till 8, the sale of fish to the highest bidder takes place as it arrives, and is retailed by women during the day. · MARCHÉ AUX HUITRES, Rue Montorgeuil. Oysters are sold wholesale here, every day, from seven till ten in the morning. MARCHÉ A LA VOLAILLE (POULTRY MARKET), Quai des Augustins. This market, sometimes called Marché des Augustins, and La Vallée, was constructed in 1810. It is 190 feet 214 MARKETS : in length by 140 in breadth, and is one of the best venti- lated and most commodious in the capital. Its façade is pierced with arcades. It is constructed of stone, and di- vided into three galleries, of which that in the centre, wider and loftier than the others, is devoted to the whole- sale market. The gallery next the quay is occupied by the retail market. This part of the edifice has lately un- dergone a thorough repair. The old wooden stalls have been replaced by light and elegant constructions of cast iron. This market is open every day, but the days of arrival for poultry and game are Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays, and Saturdays. MARCHE ST. -GERMAIN, Rue du Four. This market, in the form of a parallelogram, is perhaps the largest in Paris, being 276 feet in length by 225 in breadth. It was erected in 1811 , from designs by Blondel, and is at once plain and substantial, light and airy. Its façades are pierced with 78 arcades and 20 entrances , closed with iron gates. In the centre is a spacious court, the entrance to which is by four gates, one in the middle of each façade. Here is an elegant fountain which for- merly decorated the area in the front of the church of St.- Sulpice. It is a square mass in the form of an ancient tomb, of which each side is surmounted by a pediment, without support, in the tympanums of which are beautiful bas-reliefs, by Espercieux , representing Peace, Agriculture, Commerce and the Arts. On two sides of this monument, are marble shells, resembling the upper part of a vase, whence the water falls into larger shells, and again into a square basin beneath. To the south of this structure is an edifice appropriated to butchers, of precisely the same architecture, but divided from the above by the rue Lobineau. It is entered by three gateways, of which the principal one corresponds with the entrance in the centre of the Marché St. -Germain. At the end of the vestibule, which divides it into two equal parts, is a fountain ornamented by a colossal figure of Abundance, by Milhomme, the, water of which is supplied by the pompe de Chaillot. MARCHÉ DES BLANCS-MANTEAUX. 215 MARCHÉ DES CARMES, Rue de la Montagne Ste. -Geneviève . Built after the plan of the Marché St. -Germain, this market is of smaller dimensions. It is ornamented with a fountain formed of a square pillar, 10 feet in height, or- namented with the arms of the city of Paris, and surmounted by a basket of flowers and fruit. MARCHÉ ST. -MARTIN, Rue de la Croix . This structure, a parallelogram of 300 feet by 180, after designs by Petit-Radel, was constructed in 1817. In the centre is a fountain, in which the waters of the Ourcq fall in a sheet from a shell supported by figures in bronze, representing genii bearing fruits, and the attributes of hunt- ing and fishing. MARCHÉ DES BLANCS-MANTEAUX, Vieille rue du Temple. On each side of the entrance to this small market is the head of an ox in bronze, whence an abundant supply of water is obtained. The other provision markets, besides those already de- scribed held every day, are the Marché St. -Joseph, rue Montmartre ; the Marché St.-Honoré, rue du Marché St.-Honoré ; the Marché Beauveau, faubourg St.-Antoine ; the Marché d'Aguesseau, rue et passage de la Madeleine ; the Marché Boulainvilliers, rue du Bac ; the Marché Ste.. Catherine, rues d'Ormesson and Caron ; the Marché des Enfans Rouges, rue de Bretagne ; the Marché de la Fra- ternité, rue and fle St. -Louis ; the Marché-Neuf, near the pont St.- Michel ; the Marché de la rue de Sèvres ; the Marché des Patriarches, rue Mouffetard ; the Marché des Pommes de Terres, place du Legat ; the Marché au Pain, rue de la Tonnellerie, etc. 216 BRIDGES : ABATTOIRS ( SLAUGHTER HOUSES) . These edifices (five in number), were constructed in 1809, by order of Napoleon, who issued a decree for the suppression of slaughter houses in the interior of Paris, which from the height of the houses, the narrowness of the streets, and the great distance between the drains, even in the present day, after 30 years of amelioration, must have been intolerable nuisances. The two largest are those of Montmartre and Popincourt, each of which has eight melting-houses and 64 scalding-houses. The Abat- toir de Montmartre, built after designs by Poidevin, and watered by sluices from the Ourcq, is 1074 feet in length, and 384 in depth. No disagreeable smell is perceived on entering this establishment, no disgusting sight witnessed ; the stranger would hardly suspect the purpose to which it is devoted. The other abattoirs are those of Villejuif or Ivry, boùlevard de l'Hôpital ; of Grenelle or Vaugirard, place de Breteuil, near the barrière de Sèvres ; and the Abattoir du Roule, in the plaine de Monceau. BRIDGES. PONT DE BERCY. This newly constructed suspension bridge is situated without the barrier, but so near to the walls of Paris that it should be included in a description of the bridges of that town. This bridge serves for a communication be- tween the commune of Bercy on the right bank of the Seine and that of La Garre on the left. It can be passed by carriages on springs. PONT D'AUSTERLITZ. This bridge, which serves for a communication between the faubourg St.-Antoine and the Garden of Plants, was PONT D'AUSTERLITZ 09 PONTDELA CONCORDE PONT D'IENA Villerayat del sculp

PONT DE LA CITÉ . 217 built in 1802-6, from designs by M. Becquey- Beaupré, under the direction of M. Lamandé, at the expense of a company to whom it cost 3,000,000fr. , who were to receive for 70 years, a toll of 1 sous from each person crossing, 3 sous for a cabriolet, and 5 sous for a four- wheel carriage. The total length of this bridge is 401 feet, its width 37. The piles and abutments are of stone, and its five arches, of cast-iron, have been constructed with so much care, that notwithstanding the numerous heavily laden vehicles which have now passed it daily for nearly 30 years, in all seasons, no serious accident has ever oc- curred. The beauty of its proportions would form its principal ornament, if it did not derive one peculiar to it- self from the magnificence of its site. THE PONT DE GRAMMONT, Between the tle Louviers and the quai de l'Arsenal , is built of wood ; 100 feet in length and 40 in width. THE PONT-MARIE, Communicating between the quai des Ormes and the ile St.-Louis, is 300 feet in length and 78 in width, and has five arches, two of which were carried away by a flood in 1658. Ten years afterwards it was reconstructed, and the houses which encumbered it were demolished in 1788. PONT DE LA TOURNELLE. This bridge communicates, by means of five arches, between the quai St.-Bernard and the île St.- Louis. Built in 1656. Length 325 feet, breadth 42. PONT DE L'ARCHEVÊCHÉ. Built in 1827, by a company who enjoy the same pri- vilege as the one that constructed the pont d'Austerlitz, this elegant stone bridge of three arches communicates between the port aux Tuiles and the quai de l'Archevêché. PONT DE LA CITÉ. A wooden bridge, constructed in 1804 to replace the ancient Pont-Rouge, communicating between the western end of the ile St.-Louis, and the eastern extremity of the 19 218 BRIDGES : city. It is for foot passengers only, who pay a toll of 1 sou. PONT LOUIS-PHILIPPE. This suspension bridge, in the course of erection, under the superintendence of M. Paul Seguin, will do away with the necessity of the pont de la Cité. Like the Pont-Neuf it is a double bridge, communicating between the St.- Louis and the île de la Cité on one side, and the île St.- Louis and the quai de la Grève on the other. The quai de la Grève having no embankment, and the branches of the Seine over which this bridge is suspended being of un- equal width, it has been found necessary to construct several arches in solid masonry on the quai de la Grève, which are completely dry during the summer months, and which, even when the works are completed, will certainly give a gro- tesque and unfinished appearance to the whole. PONT AU DOUBLE. A small bridge of two arches, communicating between the rue de la Bucherie and the rue de l'Evêché, constructed by the administrators of the Hôtel Dieu, in 1634. Up to the year 1789 passengers paid a liard, or double, for per- mission to cross, whence it derives its name. PONT ST.- CHARLES. This bridge is private, serving only for a communi- cation between the buildings of the Hôtel Dieu. PONT D'ARCOLE. Previous to July, 1830, this bridge was known by the name of Pont de la Grève. It derives its present appel- lation from the name of a young Parisian called Arcole, who lost his life in the act of planting a tricoloured flag on this bridge, in the midst of a sharp fire kept up by the soldiers of Charles X., who defended the Hôtel de Ville, on the 28th of July, 1830. This is a remarkably light construction calculated only for foot passengers, who pay a toll of 1 sou. PONT NOTRE-DAME. This bridge, built between the years 1499 and 1507, on the spot where from time immemorial a communication PONT-NEUF. 249 between the city and the northern banks of the Seine had existed, forms a communication between the rue de la Planche-Mibrai and the rue de la Lanterne. It consists of five semicircular arches, is 362 feet in length, and 50 in breadth. On the western side are a pompe and reservoir which supply water to a portion of the town. THE PETIT-PONT Communicates between the City and the rue St. -Jacques. This bridge, built of stone, in 1719, consists of three irregular arches ; and is 104 feet in length and 52 in breadth. It appears that before the time of Julius Cesar a bridge existed on this spot. Thirteen bridges erected here, between the 13th and 17th centuries were carried away by floods or the breaking up of the ice, and a four- teenth, of wood, together with the houses upon it, was destroyed by fire in 1718. PONT AU CHANGE. This fine bridge forms a noble communication between the place du Châtelet and the palais de Justice. It was constructed between the years 1639 and 1647, has seven arches, and is 447 feet in length and 104 in width. Previous to the year 1788, when they were purchased by government and destroyed , this bridge was encumbered with houses four stories in height, which were chiefly tenanted by money-changers, whence the bridge derived its name. PONT ST. -MICHEL. This bridge, communicating between the quai des Au- gustins and the rue de la Barillerie, composed of four semicircular arches, is 176 feet in length and 63 in width. Up to the time of the coronation of Napoleon, this bridge was encumbered with no fewer than 32 houses. PONT-NEUF. The construction of this bridge, begun in 1578, was interrupted by the wars of the Ligue, and not completed till the year 1604. Built at the western extremity of the tle de la Cité, it communicates at once with the rue de la Monnaie on the north and the rue Dauphine on the south. The northern branch of this bridge is formed of seven 1 220 BRIDGES : semi-circular arches ; the southern of five. Its entire length is 1020 feet, and its width 70. This is the London bridge of Paris ; as it forms the principal communication between the northern and southern banks of the river, the concourse of vehicles and passengers is always great. Dogs and cats are always to be found on sale here. In 1775, 20 small shops were constructed on this bridge, which still exist. That end of the island which divides the bridge into two parts was called place Henri IV. in consequence of having been formerly occupied by an equestrian statue of that monarch, destroyed in 1792. It was the intention of Napoleon to have erected an obelisk here, which was to have been 200 feet in height. The foundations were already laid, and had risen above the ground, when the events of 1814 occurred. The modern statue which now adorns this place, after designs by Lemot, was dedicated on the 25th of August, 1818. The pedestal which supports the monument is in freestone of Château-Landon, and rests upon the basement of granite intended for the support of the obelisk. Two bas-reliefs in bronze ornament the pedestal of this monument. That towards the north represents the entry of Henry IV. into Paris, on the 22d March, 1594 ; that on the south exhibits the same mo- narch, whilst besieging the city, supplying the inhabitants who came to his camp for provisions. The statue itself is 14 feet in height, weighs 30,000lbs. and cost 337,860fr. PONT DES ARTS. This elegant bridge for foot passengers, which forms a communication between the Louvre and the Institute, was constructed in 1804 , by Messrs . de Cessac and Dillon, at the expense of a company, who for a certain number of years enjoy the privilege of levying a tax of one sou upon every person crossing it. It is composed of nine arches of iron, resting upon piles and abutments of hewn stone . This was the first iron bridge constructed in Paris. Its length is 516 feet, its width 31. The view from this bridge, on a fine summer evening is at once delightful and commanding. On one side the eye rests on the noble façade of the Louvre and its immense gallery, and wanders along the banks of the river to the Tuileries, and its garden, till the view is crowned in the distance by the Champs- Elysées PONT DE LA CONCORDE. 221 and the heights of Chaillot ; on the other side are the Mint, the Institute, and a line of magnificent private houses and hotels : the view up the river, again, is of a different description ; here the Seine, spreading into two branches, discovers on every side its noble quays, flanked by lofty houses, which, gradually rising in the distance, pre- sent an indented and embattled appearance, producing the most picturesque effect imaginable. The views from the Pont-Neuf and the Pont-Royal are also fine . PONT DU CARROUSEL . This iron bridge, now erecting, under the superinten- dence of M. Polanceau, as far as can be judged of from its present appearance, will be an elegant construction. It consists of three arches, which are formed on a new and ingenious plan ; the piles are made to support twelve arcs, or segments of a circle, made of planks placed side by side, rounded, well pitched, and encircled with a strong covering ofcast iron two inches in thickness. It is upon these that the bridge will rest. Ifthis plan succeeds it cannot fail to be of fertile application. PONT-ROYAL. This bridge, forming a communication between the Tuileries and the rue du Bac, consists of five stone arches, and measures 432 feet in length by 62 in width. PONT DE LA CONCORDE. Before the erection of this bridge, terminated by Peyronnet, in 1790, the only communication between the populous faubourgs of St. - Germain and St. - Honoré was by the Pont-Royal or a ferry opposite the Hôtel des In- valides. It is formed of five elliptical arches of different dimensions, the piers of which are ornamented with threequarter columns, supporting a cornice. The parapets are formed of balustrades. It is 461 feet in length and 61 in in breadth. This bridge has been lately ornamented with colossal statues in marble of the greatest statesmen, warriors, and admirals of France that past ages have produced. They represent on the right, beginning near the place de la Concorde-Duguay Trouin, by Dupasquier ; Duquesne, by Rognier ; Sully, by Espercieux ; Cardinal 19 * 222 BRIDGES. Richelieu, by Ramey ; Daguesclin, by Bridan ; Condé, by David ;-returning on the other side are Suffen, by Lesueur ; Tourville, by Marin ; Colbert by Milhomme ; Suger, by Stouf; Bayard, by Mantoni ; and Turenne, by Gois. These statues do not produce so good an effect as it was expected they would. They are of themselves too co- lossal, and have been elevated on pedestals of dispro- portionate height. As works of art too they are more worthy of censure than praise ; but their authors had to contend with great difficulties ; nothing is more incom- patible with the simplicity, and pure and severe outlines of sculpture than the large boots and cloaks of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries. PONT D'ANTIN. This suspension-bridge, erected in 1829, communicates between Gros-Caillou and the faubourg St. -Honoré. It serves for the passage of heavily-laden vehicles, and is 350 feet in length by 26 in width. The same toll is exacted here as at the pont d'Austerlitz. PONT DE JENA. This, the simplest and most beautiful bridge in Paris, was built between the years 1809 and 1813, from designs byDillon, under the direction of Lamandé, and forms a com- munication between Chaillot and the Champ- de-Mars. It is composed of five elliptical arches, of equal dimensions, so that the bridge is perfectly level, presenting no elevation in the centre. It is 467 feet in length, and 46 in width. The cornice is imitated from the temple of Mars at Rome. It is ornamented with garlands of oak and laurel, in the centre of which is the royal cypher surmounted by a crown. The parapets form balustrades. At each end of the bridge are two pedestals intended for statues. PONT DE GRENELLE. The arches of this bridge, which is without the walls of Paris, are of wood, the piles of stone. It rests on one end of an elevated island which has been embanked with stone and planted with trees by a company who have formed a gare, or dépôt, here. AQUEDUCTS, FOUNTAINS, ETC. 223 QUAYS. The two banks of the Seine and the islands within the walls of Paris are lined with quays and embankments of stone, which were first begun to be formed in the reign of Philippe-le-Bel, in the year 1312 ; they are guarded throughoutwith parapets, and would form an uninterrupted line of nearly 15 miles in extent. The quai Pelletier and the quai de la Mégisserie have been lately widened and improved, and furnished with spacious foot- paths paved with flag-stones, which form a magnificent promenade. An absolute necessity exists for stone embankments to this river, as the waters of the Seine, in winter, frequently rise 15 feet above their summer elevation. Stone stairs at different places lead from the quays to the ports, which are mere strands, where various sorts of goods are landed from the river. AQUEDUCTS, FOUNTAINS, BATHS, ETC, Whilst the inhabitants of Paris dwelt on the island of the city, or on the immediate banks of the river, the Seine undoubtedly yielded an abundant supply of water for all their necessities ; but as soon as the town increased on the south and on the north, it became scarce ; wells were their only resource. Julian, however, contrived to bring the waters of Arcueil to his palace ; but time, and the Norman invaders, who respected nothing, had de- stroyed almost the remembrance of this, the most ancient aqueduct of Paris, when Philippe-Augustus, by uniting the two streams of Pantin and Belleville, succeeded in furnishing with water several fountains in the neighbourhood of the Temple and the rue St.-Martin. Under Louis XIII. the aqueduct of Arcueil was constructed , which, together with the hydraulic machines of the pont Notre-Dame, under Louis XIV. and Louis XV. supplied the capital with water from 53 public fountains. The erection of the water- works of Chaillot and Gros- Caillou was a benefit derived " 224 AQUEDUCTS. 1 to the city in the reign of Louis XVI.; they furnish the faubourg St.-Germain, and even the faubourg St. -Antoine with water, but their supply, 29,000 hogsheads per day, was inferior to the demands of a population of 600,000 individuals dwelling on a surface of six leagues in circum- ference. A project had been often mooted of bringing the waters of the Ourcq to Paris. Napoleon , who delighted in gigantic undertakings, ordered its execution in 1802. The waters are brought to the heights of La Villette, at an elevation of 77 feet 7 inches above the low water mark on the scale at the pont de la Tournelle, and consequently at a sufficient height for the supply of water by conduits to any part of the capital. The daily consumption of water from this source, during the first ten years of its comple. tion, amounted to about 97,000 hogsheads supplied by means of 189 fountains of all descriptions . The basin of La Villette contains a volume of water equal to 672 hogs- heads. Nevertheless the essential objects of the undertaking are not even yet half accomplished ; Paris is not supplied with this water so abundantly as was promised ; but the works are always progressing. The plan of supplying public establishments and private houses with water, by means of pipes, has been partially adopted ; and will, doubtless, in process of time, when its advantages are fully appreciated, become general. Amongst other benefits, if introduced into the city, it would rid the narrow streets of the nuisance of water-carts and water- carriers. Under present circumstances it is calculated that the inhabitants of Paris pay upwards of 6,000,000fr . per annum for water. Paris possesses the means of being as well supplied with water as the city of London, and, next to London, is better supplied with water than any capital in Europe. AQUÉDUC DES PRÉS ST. -GERVAIS. This aqueduct produces 648 hogsheads of water in the course of the 24 hours, for the supply of the fountains in the faubourgs St.-Martin and St. - Denis. The water is derived from some streams on the heights of Romainville, Bruyères, and Menilmontant, conducted to a reservoir in the village of Pré- St.- Gervais. This aqueduct existed in 1265. J CANAL DE L'Ourcq. 225 AQUÉDUC DE BELLEVILLE, This aqueduct produces 432 hogsheads per day, for the supply of the Hôpital St. -Louis and the neighbourhood. The reservoir is situated at the most elevated point of the village of Belleville. It is covered in by a substantial building, 50 feet in circumference, and receives light by a lantern in the dome. Staircases lead to the bottom of the reservoir and the entrance of the aqueduct. Strangers are allowed to descend on making application to the proprietor of the house. AQUÉDUC D'ARCUEIL. The length of this water-way from Rungis is three leagues and three quarters The first stone ofthe aqueduct necessary for the conveyance of this water over the stream and valley of the Bièvre, at Arcueil, was laid by Louis XIII. in the year 1613. It was built under the direction of Desbrosses, and consists of 25 arches, nine of which only are left open for the passage of the Bièvre, which generally flows through two in the centre ; it is 1,200 feet in length and 74 in height. The waters are conducted in an open ridge as far as Arcueil, and are covered in from thence to the Château d'Eau, rue Cassini , near the Observatory. The supply of water is 36,000 hogsheads per day, which fur- nishes 13 fountains and a number of private establish- ments. A person on the premises shows the interior of the aqueduct to strangers. CANAL DE L'OURCQ. The construction of this canal was begun on the 22d of September, 1802, under the direction of M. Girard . Its entire length, from its commencement to its junction with the Seine, is 24 leagues ; its breadth, from Mareuil to Lizy, is 31 feet ; but from this point to the basin of La Villette, a distance of 23 leagues, it is only 11 feet wide ; its declivity is 92 feet 9 inches ; the water travels at the rate of one foot per minute. The works were not quite completed when the events of 1814 occurred . But they were pursued with such activity in 1818, that they were soon finished in the state in which they now exist. The Bassin de la Villette, the Canal de St. -Martin, the Gare de ། 226 CANAL DE L'Ourcq. l'Arsenal, the Canal de St. -Denis, and the Aquéduc de Ceinture, are all dependencies upon this canal. The Bassin de la Villette, near the barrière de Pantin, serves at once as a reservoir of water for the supply of Paris, as a port for the canal de l'Ourcq, and as a point of union for the canals of St.-Martin and St. - Denis, which unite the Seine at the Bastille with the Seine at St.-Denis. It is a parallelogram of 740 yards by 77, and is built of substantial masonry, and surrounded by trees. From this port a great trade is carried on between Paris and Havre. When frozen, it offers a fine surface for the amateurs of skaiting. The Canal St.-Martin connects the bassin de La Villette with the gare de l'Arsenal and the Seine. Descending by the faubourg St. -Martin, it traverses in its course the rue du faubourg du Temple, de la Tour, d'Angoulême, d'Aval, etc., till it arrives at the Bastille and gare ; its length is 3,467 yards, its width 21. It is lined throughout with masonry, and the towing paths are bordered with trees. It has a descent of 25 mètres, which has created a necessity for ten locks. This canal was finished in 1825, at an expense of 14,220,000fr. The Gare de l'Arsenal, formed of the ancient moat of the Bastille, is 650 yards in length by 65 in breadth, and is capable of containing 70 or 80 large boats, leaving a sufficient space clear for passage. It communicates with the canal St.-Martin by a subterranean passage passing under the boulevard and place de la Bastille, and with the Seine by means of a lock. The Canal St.-Denis begins near the town of that name, and communicates with the canal de l'Ourcq by means of a small semicircular basin at a short distance from the bassin de La Villette ; it is 7,160 yards in length , and varies from 14 to 20 yards in breadth. It has 12 locks and two bridges. The Aquéduc de Ceinture extends along the boulevards from the barrière St. - Martin to the barrière de Monceau, 10,300 yards in length . It sends out branches, called gal- leries ; the galerie St. - Laurent supplies the Château d'Eau de Bondi, the place Royale, and the Marché des Innocens ; the galerie des Martyrs supplies the fountains in the faubourgs Montmartre and Poissonnière, and the FOUNTAINS. 227 Palais-Royal ; by the galerie du Montblanc it furnishes the Chaussée-d'Antin , the quartier des Capucines, and the Marché St.-Honoré ; the galerie de Monceau is destined to supply the Champs- Elysées, the Tuileries, the Invalides, and the Ecole Militaire. This aqueduct and its ramifications exceeds 32,000 yards in length. POMPE DU PONT NOTRE- DAME. The water is elevated into a square tower, capable of containing 3,600 hogsheads of water, by machinery set in motion by the current of the river ; it supplies 13 foun- tains, POMPE A FEU DE CHAILLOT, Quai de Billy, 4. This machine was brought from Birmingham by the Messrs. Perrier, who erected it here, at the expense of a company, in 1778. The water is received from the Seine into a large free- stone basin by means of a canal ; whence it is elevated by the engine into reservoirs on the heights of Chaillot. The water is clarified in the reser- voirs, and conveyed into Paris by a tube of a foot in diameter, which is continued along the faubourg St.-Honoré and the boulevards as far as the porte St.-Antoine, supplying 16,000 hogsheads per day. POMPE A FEU DU GROS CAILLOU. This machine was also erected by the Messrs. Perrier, in 1786, for the supply of the fountains in the faubourg St.-Germain ; but as there was no elevated ground on this side the river it was necessary to erect a tower 70 feet in height, to contain the reservoir. It produces daily 5,040 hogsheads of water. These establishments are now under the controul of government. The steam engines may be seen on application to the workmen. FOUNTAINS. Of the 189 fountains of all descriptions which furnish every quarter of Paris with an abundant supply of water, the greater part present no ornament at all. The fontaine des Innocens has been described, page 228 FOUNTAINS : 212 ; the fontaine du Temple, p. 171 ; the fontaine St.- Germain, p. 214 ; the fontaine Desaix, p. 197 ; the fon- taine du Palmier, p. 198 ; and the fontaine du Palais- Royal, p. 105. The other fountains worthy of remark are, the CHATEAU D'EAU, Boulevard du Temple. This fountain, supplied by the Ourcq, was constructed in 1811 , by Girard. It consists simply of five circular basins, placed one above the other, in the form of a pyra- mid. The water, spouting up in the centre, falls in circular sheets from basin to basin, producing an imposing and picturesque effect. Four pedestals support each two antique lions who spout forth torrents of water into one of the basins. FONTAINE DE GRENELLE, Rue Grenelle-St. -Germain, 57. The whole merit of this fountain consists in its structure and ornaments, for it is ill - placed, and furnishes but a small quantity of water. It is of a semicircular form , 90 feet in length and 36 in elevation , adorned with pilasters and niches, in which are statues ofthe four seasons, with appropriate bas-reliefs beneath. The projection in the centre is composed of four coupled Ionic columns , surmounted by a pediment. On a ship's prow in the centre sits a figure, intended to represent the city of Paris ; beneath are a river- god and a nymph reclining upon urns, personifying the Seine and the Marne. The water issues from two heads beneath. This fountain was not only designed, but built and decorated by Bouchardon, in 1739. FONTAINE DE L'ÉCOLE DE MÉDICINE, Place de l'Ecole de Médicine. This picturesque fountain was constructed after designs by Gondouin, in 1806. It consists of four fluted columns of the Doric order supporting an entablature. Behind is an attic whence a sheet of water falls into a semicircular G BEBI FONTAINE DES INNOCENS CHATEAU D'EAU Villerey del at#sculps .

FONTAINE DU DIABLE. 229 basin from a height of 24 feet. The design of this foun- tain is simple, but its effect is striking. FONTAINE ÉGYPTIENNE, Rue de Sèvres. A simple monument in the Egyptian style, erected in 1806. A statue placed in a square niche, with the arms hanging straight down by the body, holds in each hand a vase whence the water, procured from the machine at Gros- Caillou, falls into a semicircular basin, and issues thence by the head of a sphynx in bronze. FONTAINE LOUIS-LE-GRAND, Rue Neuve des Augustins. This beautiful fountain, erected at the angle formed by the rue de la Michodière and the rue du Port-Mahon, in 1712, was rebuilt in 1828. It consists of two columns and pilasters of the Doric order , having between them a niche, in which are two basins, formed each of a massive stone, in the form of shells. The whole is surmounted by a naiad striking a dolphin with a trident. The capitals , cornices , and entablature are sculptured with fishes , marine plants, etc. , etc. FONTAINE DE LA PLACE ST. -MICHEL. Erected by Bullet in 1684. It consists of a niche ornamented by Doric columns supporting an entablature. FONTAINE DE LÉDA, Rue de Vaugirard. This fountain is composed of two pilasters, surmounted by a pediment. It was erected in 1806, from designs by Bralle . A large bas- relief, in stone, represents Leda on the banks of the Eurotas, and Jupiter in the form of a swan. The water is made to issue from the beak of the bird. 20 230 FOUNTAINS. FONTAINE DU DIABLE, Corner of the rue de l'Echelle and the rue St.-Louis. This monument, rebuilt in 1759, in the form of an ancient obelisk, is well executed and in good taste. origin of its name is unknown. FONTAINE DE MARS, Rue St. -Dominique. 翻唱 The The decorations of this ornament accord with its situation, opposite the military hospital of Gros-Caillou. It is a square building, ornamented with eight pilasters of the Doric order. The principal front is adorned with a basrelief, which represents Hygeia offering a refreshing draught to a soldier fatigued by combat. On the sides are vases entwined by the Esculapian serpent. FONTAINE DE TANTALE, At the corner of the rue Montmartre and the rue Montorgueil . In a rusticated niche, surrounded by incrustations, is a vase whence descends a sheet of water, falling first into a shell, and thence into a semicircular basin. Above is a head of Tantalus, with open mouth, and eyes eagerly fixed on the descending water. This fountain was erected in 1806. FONTAINE FRANÇOIS I. This fountain, situated in the quarter of the above name, near the Champs-Elysées , is adorned with a colossal bust of François I., and figures representing the Arts, Sciences, and War. FONTAINE DE BACCHUS, Rue Censier. A satyr, supplied with Bacchanalian attributes, presses a wine skin, whence flows the water which he offers with BATHING ESTABLISHMENTS. 231 an air of derision to the population of a faubourg who make great use of it, notwithstanding their preference to stronger liquors, which, indeed, the hard work to which they incessantly devote themselves, occasionally requires. FONTAINE DE POPINCOURT, Rue de Popincourt. This fountain is ornamented with a bas-relief representing Charity in the act of suckling a child ; she shelters another beneath the folds of her robe, and offers the nutritious beverage to two others. FONTAINE DE LA NAIADE, Rue des Vieilles Audriettes. The figure of the Naiade, sculptured by Mignon, is de- servedly admired. ÉTABLISSEMENT DES EAUX CLARIFIÉES DE LA SEINE, Quai des Celestins, 24. The water of the Seine is the purest in Paris but after heavy rains it becomes thick and muddy. Almost every family in who employ it provide themselves with filtering machines-or procure their water from the above establish- ment, whence it is sent to every part of the town. public are admitted to view the works. BATHING ESTABLISHMENTS . The Amongst the numerous institutions for public conve- nience and comfort to be met with in Paris the bathing establishments are not the least remarkable. Indeed so common are they as to divest the idea of a hot or cold bath of any thing connected with luxury. They are deemed so essential to health and cleanliness by the Pa- risian, and are on such a moderate scale with respect to price, as to be open to every class of society. It were to be wished that some such opinion were prevalent in the English metropolis. Baths are certainly to be met with F 232 BATHING ESTABLISHMENTS. there, but at such exorbitant prices as necessarily to con- fine the ablutions of a certain class to the hands and face ; a ceremony very little conducive to the general health of the subject. The frequent use of the hot bath among the lower orders, recommended at once by habit and the prescription of the physician, has given rise to bathing establishments as low as 15 sous per bath ; and such is the support they meet with that they are generally thriving speculations. It may be useful to state that the Parisian frequently spends an hour in his bath, sometimes an hour and a half or two hours, though in the most frequented establishments this latter stretch of time is interdicted ; nay that he occa- sionally breakfasts there or takes some little refreshment ; reading too is common, there being every accommodation for such an indulgence . The bathing machines are of copper, pewtered ; two pipes over each bath are for the conveyance one of hot the other of cold water, so that the bather may regulate the temperature of his bath, according to his pleasure or the ordinances of his physician ; for this latter purpose ther- mometers are always at hand. Hot towels are provided, for which two sous a piece are demanded ; and a gratuity of a few sous are expected by the waiter. A number of extra accommodations, for which a few sous more are charged, may always be had, such as the " bain complet," scented waters, etc. The bain complet consists in spreading a clean sheet inside the bath, which is certainly worth the few sous demanded for the ac- commodation, though the machines are well cleaned and sponged in the presence of the bather. Almost all these establishments provide mineral, sulphur, and steam baths, which are to be procured at from 50 sous and upwards, according to circumstances ; and from very many ofthem baths may be procured, by those who desire it, in their own homes (a great accommodation to invalids) for which the charge is about double. A reduction in the price of the bath is to be obtained by purchasing half a dozen or a dozen tickets beforehand. Amongst the numerous establishments of this kind we shall enumerate a few of the most remarkable. Bains Vigier.-These baths were first established on the SWIMMING SCHOOLS . 233 river, by M. Poitevin, in 1765. Their name is derived from that of the present proprietor. They are four in number ; viz . one near the Pont-Marie, one at the PontNeuf, one at the quai des Tuileries, near the pavillon de Flore, and another on the opposite bank of the river. These establishments are all of nearly the same size. They are all approached by gardens planted with trees and flowers. The construction opposite the Tuileries is built on a boat of about the length of a man of war, and contains 140 chambers for bathing. The price of a bath here is 20 sous. The Bains Chinois , boulevard Italien, are celebrated for their good order, cleanliness , and excellent restaurant. The Bains Tivoli, rue St.-Lazare, 88, are well known for their factitious mineral waters. The Bains Turcs, rue du Temple, 98. These baths are ornamented in the oriental style . The Bains Saumon, passage du Saumon; the Bains Chantereine, rue de Chantereine, 36 ; the Bains de la Rotonde, Palais-Royal ; the Bains de Galles, rue de Gram- mont ; the Bains du Mail, rue du Mail ; the Bains Ta- anne, rue Taranne ; the Bains St. - Sauveur, rue St.- Denis, 277 ; the Bains du Wauxhall, rue du Bondy ; and the Bains Brady, passage Brady, also deserve particular mention. SWIMMING SCHOOLS AND COLD BATHS. The art of swimming may be learned without risk, in a school formed for that purpose, near the quai d'Orsay . The building, which is formed of boats covered in, containing 160 dressing rooms, is in the form of a parallelo- gram. The pupil receives the first instructions in the art in a private room ; he then goes into the water under the eye of the master, who sustains him by a cord till he is perfect in his motions ; and during his first essays, and till he becomes master of the art, a pole is held before the learner which he can grasp in case of need . The price of the bath is 23 sous, and , with the lesson, 3fr. 8 sous. Another school on the same principle exists on the quai Béthune, at the eastern extremity of the ile St.-Louis ; and a third, for winter-time, in lukewarm water, at the 20 * 234 PRISONS : water-works of Chaillot, where the charge for a bath and lesson is 2fr. 10 sous. Besides the above, the Seine, during the summer months, is almost covered with establishments for river bathing, to which, however, no swimming- masters are attached . The price of these baths varies from 4 to 12 sous. Some of them are appropriated to the use of females. COMMON SEWERS. The last use to which the vast quantity of water em- ployed inParis is put, is not the least serviceable ; it is that of clearing the public sewers of the dirt and filth which would otherwise soon obstruct them. The sewers are large and well built, and extend under the streets of Paris in almost every direction, falling into the Seine at different places. Of late years several new ones have been con- structed. PRISONS. The Prisons of the capital have been much ameliorated within the last thirty years. Prisoners are no longer confined in subterranean dungeons, destitute of air, light, and fire ; they are no longer obliged to submit without com- plaint to the insolence of gaolers. The very aspect of these gloomy abodes is changed. Two millions per annum have been allowed for the repair of these edifices and the construction of new ones. Considerable changes have been made in the prisons of St.-Lazare and Ste.- Pélagie. A new prison for debtors is nearly finished in the rue de Clichy ; and a prison modèle has been completed near the barrière d'Aunay ; the Conciergerie has been rendered more salubrious and more commodious. Prisoners are now confined in different houses according to their age, their sex, and the degree of their known or supposed guilt ; the debtor is separated from the criminal, and youths are confined with prisoners of their own age. All are constrained to occupy themselves, according to LA FORCE. 235 their talents or professions ; their earnings serve to ame- liorate their present condition, and form a fund to provide for their necessities during the first moments of their re- storation to society. Their just complaints are listened to and promptly redressed . Their friends, obtain permission to see them on application to the prefecture of police, from 10 till 5 o'clock in summer, and from 10 till 3 in winter. Those condemned for theft, etc. , can only be seen on Sundays and Thursdays. To see the interior of the prisons application must be made to M. le Secrétaire de la Pré- fecture de Police. DÉPOT DE LA PRÉFECTURE DE POLICE." The prison adjoining the Prefecture was built in 1828, at an expense of 300,000fr. It is a place of temporary confinement, where persons arrested are detained till examination takes place. It is divided into two parts : the Salle St.-Martin is for those who can afford to pay for lodgings and accommodations. A building three stories in 'height serves, on the first floor, for the detention of pros- titutes ; on the second for those accused of crime ; and on thethird for those arrested for minor offences. This edifice is warmed by means of steam . LA FORCE, Rue du Roi de Sicile, 12. This was formerly an hotel belonging to the King of Sicily; and subsequently to the Duc de la Force, from whom it derives its name. It was converted into a prison in 1780, and is one of the largest and most commodious in Paris. It is divided into eight piles of building, each of which has a separate court, and is destined to the detention of prisoners accused of crimes and high misde- meanours, but not fully committed for trial. Since the year 1830 it has been united to a smaller prison, formed of another hotel near the same spot, which went by the name of La Petite Force, and which is employed for the detention of prostitutes, who are occupied in spinning wool and cotton. The massive vaulting of the grand entrance is a good specimen of modern architecture ; the only one 236 PRISONS ! of the kind in Paris. On the 3d, 4th, 5th, 6th, and 7th September, 1792, 160 prisoners were massacred here, among whom was the Princesse de Lamballe. LA CONCIERGERIE, Near the Palais de Justice. This prison is for the detention of culprits fully commit- ted for trial. The entrance is by an archway on the quai de l'Horloge, which leads to a court, and thence to the gate of the prison. A dark vestibule communicates with the gaoler's apartments, and with the rooms for close confinement, in one of which Lavalette was imprisoned. Other cells in this prison have been occupied by Lavoisier, Malsherbes, Condorcet, Robespierre, and Louvel, the assassin of the Duc de Berry. Here also were confined the unfortunate Marie Antoinette and the Princess Eliza- beth. The apartment occupied by the queen has been converted into a chapel, containing an expiatory altar with a Latin inscription to her memory. On each side are mural monuments and medallions to the memory of Louis XVI. , and the Princess Elizabeth. Here are three paintings worthy of notice. One, by Pajou, represents the part- ing ofthe queen from the other branches ofthe royal family, imprisoned in the Temple. Another exhibits the Curate of St.-Germain l'Auxerrois introducing himself in the middle of the night, in the disguise of a gendarme, to administer the last communion. The gendarmes on duty are represented as joining in the ceremony. This painting is by Drolling. The third, by Simon, discovers the queen in the act of devotion. On the 2d and 3d September, 1792, 239 prisoners were assassinated here. STE. - PÉLAGIE, Rue de la Clef, 14. : This extensive prison is occupied by debtors, by politi- cal delinquents, and by those condemned to a short term of imprisonment for misdemeanours. Debtors have billiard tables, a café, and a reading - room at their disposal. Those detained for libels and political offences are allowed to walk by turns, during certain hours of the day, in a LES MADELONNETTES. 237 spacious court or garden. This prison has lately been enlarged. A new prison for debtors is erecting in the rue de Clichy. A person arresting another for debt is obliged to give 22 sous per day for his nourishment, payable by the month and in advance. Ifthe month be expired, and the creditor neglect to pay the allowance for the succeeding month, the person detained is liberated , with respect to his creditor, and leaves the prison immediately. A Frenchman cannot be confined for debt for more than five consecutive years. The creditor is not allowed to insult the debtor with his presence ; in fact, to see a prisoner confined for debt it is necessary that he himself should request it in writing. BICÊTRE. This prison, which is of great strength, is built in the centre of an hospital for the aged and insane , situated at a league from the barrière de Fontainebleau. It is destined for the reception of convicts condemned to the gallies, who are confined and employed here until the time of their departure. Others, adjudged to suffer a certain time of confinement, are also frequently confined here. ST.-LAZARE, Rue du Faubourg St.-Denis, 117. This is a prison for women condemned to confinement for different periods. They are under an excellent system of management, and, being compelled to work, are frequently taught habits of industry. At all events, by this means, and the system of economy adopted, they provide themselves with resources for the future, of which they reap the fruit on leaving the prison. Their employ- ment is chiefly needle- work. LES MADELONNETTES, Rue des Fontaines du Temple, 16. This building was formerly a convent for the Filles de la Madeleine ; it is now a prison for prostitutes guilty of minor offences, and for women condemned to imprison- 238 PRISONS . ment for debt. Habits of industry are inculcated in this prison, as in that of St.-Lazare. ABBAYE- ST. -GERMAIN, Place Ste. -Marguerite. This strong prison is now exclusively devoted to the military. All ranks accused of misdemeanours are im- prisoned here till trial before a court- martial. This was the scene of the most frightful massacre on the 2d and 3d of September, 1792. Here were imprisoned Cazotte and Sombreuil, who were saved from a crue' death by the heroic conduct of their daughters. PRISON DE MONTAGU, Rue des Sept-Voies, 25. • This is a military prison, chiefly for deserters. A Lan- casterian school is established here. MAISON DE REFUGE, Rue des Grès, 11 . Children condemned for crimes or delinquencies, committed before the age which subjects them to the punishments of the penal code, are confined in this house, where workshops are established , and where no means are neg- lected to reclaim them to virtue, PRISON MODÈLE, Rue St.-André, near Père la Chaise. This prison for women is capable of containing 3,000 persons. It is of an hexagonal form, at each angle of which is a turret. In the centre rises a rotunda, beneath which is the chapel. Six buildings unite the turrets to the rotunda, and divide the court into six equal compartments. The two entrances present projecting buildings enclosing square courts. The whole edifice is three stories in height. ANTIQUITIES. 239 PRIVATE HOTELS, ANTIQUITIES, ETC. There are a number of private hotels, ancient and mo- dern, in Paris, which deserve the traveller's passing atten- tion. Along with a few of them we shall notice some of the most remarkable remains of antiquity :- TheHôtel de la Reine Blanche, rue du Foin St.-Jacques, 18, was built in the 13th century. Although thoroughly repaired and whitewashed, many traces of its antiquity may be discovered. The Hôtel Borghèse, rue du faubourg St.-Honoré, 39, now occupied by the British Ambassador, was formerly the residence of the Princess Pauline, sister of Napoleon. 13 Hôtel de Brunoy, rue du faubourg St.-Honoré, 49. This splendid edifice resembles more a temple than the house of a private individual. Its front consists of seven arcades, surmounted by a long frieze with bas-reliefs . The peristyle, of six Ionic columns, is covered with a kind of pyra- mid, crowned by a statue of Flora. Hôtel de Bullion, rue J. -J. -Rousseau, 3. This is one of the principal auction-marts in Paris. Hôtel de Carnavalet, rue Culture Ste. - Catherine, 27. The residence of the celebrated Madame de Sévigné and her daughter. It is now occupied as a boarding-school. Maison des Carneaux, rue des Bourdonnais, 11. Though disfigured by modern repair, this is an interesting monu- ment ofthe 14th century. There is, perhaps, no building in Paris in which the ornaments are wrought with greater delicacy. The Hôtel de Cluny, rue des Mathurins St.-Jacques, 14 , built in 1505, is a fine specimen of the Gothic architecture of the period. The vault of the chapel rests on a single column of exquisite workmanship. The statues which adorned the front have been destroyed, but the delicately wrought niches still remain. This edifice, built on the site ofthe Palais des Thermes, was evidently formed out ofthe materials employed in that construction. 240 ANTIQUITIES. Hôtel d'Osmond, rue Basse du Rempart, 3. Built from designs by Brongniart. The view of this house and the gar- den, from the boulevards, is pleasing. Hôtel de Rohan Montbazon, rue de Béthizé, 18. This house was the residence of the unfortunate Gaspard de Coligny, who was murdered here during the massacres of St. Bartholomew's day. Hôtel de Mirabeau, rue de Seine, 6. This hotel derives its name from the father of the celebrated Mirabeau, who resided here. Queen Margaret, the first wife of Henry IV. , died in this house. The Hôtel de Sully, rue St.-Antoine, 143 , is chiefly re- markable for having been the residence of this minister. Hôtel Talleyrand, rue St. - Florentin, 2.- This spacious mansion is the property and Paris residence of the cele- brated diplomatist whose name it bears. Hôtel de Sens, rue de Figuier, 1 , inhabited in the time ofFrancis I. by the Chancellor of France, is now a waggon- office. Evidences of its ancient grandeur still exist. The Hôtel de St.- Aignan, rue Ste. -Avoye, 57, is re- markable as the place where the great Montmorency died , in 1567. In the rue d'Argenteuil, 18, is the house in which Corneille died, in 1684. It bears a black slab with an inscription, and in the court-yard is a bust of the poet. On the quai Voltaire, at the corner of the rue de Baune, is the house in which Voltaire died. In the rue de la Tonnellerie, 3, is the house in which Molière was born. On the front is a badly executed bust, and the following inscription : Jean Baptiste Pocquelin de Molière est né dans cette maison, en 1620. The eastern extremity of the ancient abbey of St. - Mar- tin, rue St. - Martin, is a specimen of early Norman architecture, in good preservation. Near the Louvre is an exquisite tower, part of the remains of a palace of Philippe-le- Bel. La Tour de St.-Jean de Latrine, place Cambrai , rue St.- Jacques, is supposed to have been part of a palace built by Clovis. It is a curious morsel of antiquity. La Tour de St.- Jacques-de- la-Boucherie, in the market of that name, is a relic of a noble Gothic church, which r CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. 241 once occupied the site of the market. It is now used as a shot manufactory. Not far from the hôtel Cluny is a fine old church of Norman architecture, now used as a workshop. Near it is another church, with a fine Gothic door- way, used by a brewer. In the cour des Chantres , near Notre-Dame, is the an- cient residence of the Chanoine Fulbert, so often men- tioned in the history of Abelard and Heloisa. Over the door ofthe house is the following inscription : —“ Cefut ici la demeure d'Héloise et Abaillard, en l'année MCXVIII.” On a house at the extremity of the rue St. - Honoré, near the rue de la Féronnerie, is a bust of Henry IV. and the following inscription : Henrici Magni Recreat Præsentia Cives quod illi Eterno Fœdere junxit Amor ; indi- cating the spot where this monarch was assassinated on the 14th May, 1610. CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS. Before the Revolution the hospitals of Paris were abodes of pestilence and misery . Want of air, scarcity of beds, and general mal-administration, caused frightful mortality amongst the wretched inmates. In the year 1801 , they were placed under the direction of an administration con- sisting of a General Council and Acting Committee. This Council, which consists of the principal magistrates, and of men distinguished for their probity, talents, and phi- lanthropy, assembles, under the presidency of the Prefect of the Department, at the Hôtel de Ville, every Wednes- day. The office of the Acting Committee is , rue Notre- Dame, No. 2. This administration is daily attended by medical men, who give gratuitous advice to persons applying for it, and, where the nature of the disease requires it, bestow orders for the admission of the patient into the hospital best suited to the nature of his disease. Ur- gent cases are admitted without formality. This office is open from 9 till 4. On Tuesdays and Saturdays, from 9 till 12, children are treated for scald heads. On Wednesdays, 21 242 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS : from 10 till 1 , gratuitous consultations are given on the deformities of the human body ; and on Mondays and Fridays, from 9 till 2, bandages are bestowed on persons dwelling in Paris, provided they bring a certificate of po- verty from a Bureau de Charité. Since the establishment of these administrations the hospitals of Paris are clean and well ordered . The physicians visit the patients of the principal hospitals at seven in the morning, and give clinical lectures at 9. The name of Hôpital is given to an establishment for the relief ofthe sick or wounded ; Hospice means a refuge for the aged, infirm, etc. Strangers are admitted to any of the hospitals on any day, on application to the Agent de Surveillance ; and, on certain days of the week, without any ceremony. The Bakehouse for all the hospitals is rue Scipion, 2. The Wine cellars are rue Neuve-Notre- Dame. The Medecine warehouse, or Pharmacie Centrale, is quai de la Tournelle, No. 5. The Anatomical Theatre is at the Hôpital de la Pitié, rue d'Orleans St. - Marcel, No. 2. Here is a Cabinet of Anatomy in which are preserved all kinds of metamor- phoses of organs of the human body, whether produced by nature, age, disease, or accident. Here also are some anatomical preparations which display great talent. En- trance may be obtained on application to the porter. HOTEL-DIEU, Parvis Notre- Dame. This hospital was founded by St.-Landri in the seventh century; it was enlarged by St.-Louis, who also augmented its funds. It was again continually increased and enlarged, but was always insufficient to the necessities of Paris while it remained the only hospital in the town. Even so late as the reign of Louis XVI. , 5,000 sick were crowded into less than 1,400 beds. In these infectious chambers the slightest malady became contagious-not one in five survived the horrors of this pestilent abode. A fire which burnt for four days broke out here in 1737 ; and in another fire, in 1772, several hundred patients perished . In 1793, lying- in-women, scrofulous patients, lunatics, those afflicted with HOPITAL ST. -ANTOIne. 248 chronic disease or infectious complaints, and children, were removed to other buildings. This hospital is now devoted to the sick and wounded, and is one of the cleanest and best-regulated in the metropolis. It contains 1,000 beds. The only architectural decoration to this edifice is the principal entrance, which, in 1804, was adorned with Doric columns. The vestibule is ornamented with busts of Bichat and Desault. The monuments formerly erected to its benefactors, which had been destroyed during the revolution, have been restored. Around the amphitheatre are portraits of the most eminent surgeons. The Dames de St.-Augustin attend upon the patients. Whilst the cholera raged in Paris, in 1832, of the first 600 patients admitted into this hospital only one survived, and of the first 1,000 only five. The public may visit the establishment on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sundays, from 1 till 3. On other days ap- plication must be made to the Agent de Surveillance. HOPITAL DE LA PITIÉ, Rue Copeau, 1. This hospital was created a dependence of the Hôtel- Dieu, in 1809. It contains 600 beds. In 1657, this building served as an asylum for abandoned orphans. The public are admitted on Sundays and Thursdays, from 1 till 3. HOPITAL DE LA CHARITÉ, Rue Jacob, 17. Founded in 1602 by Marie de Médicis. The entrance was decorated with columns of the Tuscan order in 1784. This hospital is salubrious ; the halls are large and well ventilated. The same diseases are treated here as at the Hôtel-Dieu. It has 500 beds ; and the sick are attended bythe Sœurs de la Charité. The public are admitted on Sundays and Thursdays, from 1 till 3. HOPITAL ST. -ANTOINE, Rue du faubourg St.-Antoine. This hospital was founded in the abbey of St.- Antoine, 244 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS : in 1795. The structure is modern, it having been rebuilt in 1770, by Lenoir le Romain. Here are 250 beds, for invalids of the same class as at the Hôtel-Dieu. tance Sundays and Thursdays, from 1 till 3. HOPITAL NECKER, Rue de Sèvres, 5. AdmitFounded by Mme. Necker, in 1779, this hospital contains 140 beds, for patients of the same class as at the Hôtel-Dieu . Here are also a certain number of beds for patients afflicted with the stone, upon whom the operation of lithotrity is performed. Open to the public on Sundays and Thursdays, from 1 to 3. HOPITAL COCHIN, Rue du faubourg St. - Jacques, 45. Founded by M. Cochin, curate of St. -Jacques- du- HautPas, in 1782, who saw with regret his indigent parish- ioners exposed to the horrors which the Hôtel- Dieu pre- sented at that time. A marble bust of the founder is pre- served here. The number of beds is 100. The interior distribution of this hospital is excellent. Open to the public every day. HOPITAL BEAUJON, Rue du faubourg du Roule, 51. This was an institution' founded by Nicholas Beaujon for the support of 24 orphans of the parish of Roule, and endowed by him with an annuity of 20,000 livres . It was built after designs by Girardin, and converted into an hospital by a decree of the Convention , in 1795. It is tastefully decorated, and well distributed. The chambers for the reception of the invalids are placed between a garden and a spacious court-yard . The ground- floor is de- voted to convalescents, the kitchen, refectories, baths, and offices. Patients of the same class as the Hôtel- Dieu. 188 beds. The days of admission are Sundays, Tuesdays, and Thursdays, but strangers may visit it every day, HOPITAL ST. LOUIS . 245 HOPITAL DES ENFANS MALADES, Rue de Sèvres, 3. This house was formed into an hospital for sick chil- dren betweenthe ages of two and fifteen, in 1802. It con- tains 550 beds. Children attacked with contagious maladies are placed in separate buildings. Convalescent chil- dren are taught reading, writing, arithmetic, and the precepts of religion . This hospital receives on an average 2,200 invalids in the course of the year, who are nursed by the Filles St.-Thomas- de- Villeneuve. The mortality is about one in four. Strangers may visit this hospital. HOPITAL ST.-LOUIS, Rue St.-Louis, 2. This hospital was founded by Henry IV. , in 1607, and devoted to the treatment of chronic diseases, ulcers, scro- fula, ringworms, the itch, etc. The intention of the founder being to erect an hospital for contagious diseases , he desired that it should be cut off from all communication with the town ; for this purpose the architect, Claude Ville- faux, surrounded it with double walls and double courts. The building is only of two stories, and is at once com- modious and well aired. This hospital was very useful in the plague of 1619, and in the winter of 1709. In 1801 , and following years, many reparations and ameliorations were made here. There are from 7 to 800 beds in this establishment, which receives on an average 6,600 invalids per annum, of whom the mortality is about 1 in 16. Those who can work are employed in the interior. The chil- dren are assembled in the garrets, where they are taught to work, to read, and to write. A chamber is appropriated to such lying- in women as are not in a fit state to be sent to the Maternité. A remarkable establishment exists in this hospital ; it is a gratuitous service of simple, medicinal, and vapour, and shower-baths, for the use of the indigent. It is supposed that 25,000 persons profit by these baths every year. Gra- tuitous consultations are given here every day, except Thursdays and Sundays. The patients in this hospital 21 * 246 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS : are attended by the Sœurs de St.-Augustin. It is entirely lighted by gas. This establishment may be visited on Sun- days and Thursdays, from 1 to 3 ; and, on production of a passport, on any day. HOPITAL DES VÉNÉRIENS, Rue des Capucins, 1 . This hospital, established in 1781 , was removed to these premises in 1784. Here are 650 beds. Persons of both sexes are treated here, as well as children who derive this disease from their parents. Many ameliorations were made in this establishment in 1802 and 1803. Gratuitous advice and medicines are afforded to those who prefer re- maining at their own homes. On an average 2,900 per- sons are every year treated for this disease in the hospital, of whom the mortality is 1 in 40 ; and 3,500 in their own houses. MAISON DE SANTÉ DES VÉNÉRIENS, Faubourg St.- Jacques, 17. This is a dependence on the above, founded in 1809, for such invalids as can afford to pay for their treatment. The prices are 2fr. 50c. , 3fr. 50c. , and 5fr. , during sum- mer; and 3fr. , 4fr. , 4fr. 50c. , and 6fr. , in winter, accord- ing to the accommodation. MATERNITÉ, OR MAISON D'ACCOUCHEMENT, Rue de la Bourbe, 3. This establishment is situated in the buildings of the Port-Royal, rendered famous by Pascal and the Jesuits. It is destined for the reception of poor women on the point of being brought to bed, or in the eighth month of preg- nancy, who are here taken care of, nourished , and occupied with needle-work, for which they receive a remune- ration. No declarations are exacted of these women ; but such as they make voluntarily are enregistered . Unless otherwise ordered by the medical attendants, the patients leave the hospital nine days after their confine- ment. The mother indicates the name she wishes to be- HOSPICE DES ENFANS-TROUVÉS. 247 stow on the child, and states whether she abandons it to the house, or whether she desires to take it home with her. In the latter case clothing is provided for the child . In the former case, if her health be good, she may pass with the infant into the Foundling hospital to perform the office of nurse. This establishment contains 350 beds ; and receives in the course ofthe year, on an average, 2,100 pregnant women. In this institution the women are delivered by persons of their own sex. Here is a school of midwifery for the reception of pupils who devote themselves to that profes- sion between the ages of 18 and 35. They are instructed in the theory and practice of the art ; taught to vaccinate, to bleed, and the knowledge of plants and herbs useful to pregnant and lying- in women. These pupils are either received gratuitously, or pay a pension of 600fr. per an- num. They are lodged and boarded, but cannot communicate with persons out of the premises . At the end of the year, ifthey pass their examinations, before a commission of physicians and surgeons, they receive their diploma, and are at liberty to exercise their profession in any part of France. If they do not pass the examination their studies recommence for another year. HOSPICE DES ENFANS- TROUVÉS, Rue d'Enfer, 74. Children are received into this institution from the first inoments of their existence up to the age of two years. It was founded by the philanthropic St.-Vincent-de- Paule, in 1638, in order to put an end to an infamous traffic carried on in these unfortunate beings who had been forsaken by their parents. Here are 250 cradles and 150 beds for nurses. Children of robust health are immediately sent into the country, in well suspended vehicles, to be nursed, where they remain till the age of 12 years, when they are sent to the Orphan asylum, or removed to situations where they can creditably earn their subsistence and become respectable members of society. Sick children are kept separate from the healthy, and every means is taken to adapt the temperature to the con- stitution of the child ; to such an extent is this carried 248 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS : that a large slanting bed is spread before the fire for such children as require warmth . Every thing in this establishment is remarkably clean. The cotton sheetings and cradle hangings are white as snow. Nevertheless the mortality here was formerly excessive ; in 1792, of eight thousand children exposed , one half perished without having attained their second year. M. Hombron conceived the happy idea of uniting the mothers with the children as wet-nurses, as we have explained above in speaking of the Maison d'Accouchement, when these deplorable effects ceased. The average number of children received into this institution is between 5 and 6000 per annum. They are admitted day and night ; not a question is asked. The mother need not even be seen ; she has only to place her child in a box communicating with an apartment in the interior, which, on ringing a bell, is taken in . Ifthe parents take the precaution to write the name of the child on a paper attached to its clothes, it is religiously preserved to him. The care of the house is in the hands of the Sœurs de St.- Vincent- de-Paule, commonly called Sœurs de la Charité. In the chapel is a fine statue of St. -Vincent- de-Paule, by Stouf. Strangers gain easy admittance to this establishment. HOSPICE DES ORPHELINS , Rue St. -Antoine, 124. Built in 1629, this edifice was first used as a foundling hospital ; but since the year 1792, it has been devoted to orphans of both sexes between the ages of 2 and 12. The buildings, courts, and gardens are divided into two equal parts, one for the boys, the other for the girls ; they are taught reading, writing, and arithmetic ; and at the age of twelve years are put out apprentice in Paris, or sent to the country, to be employed in agricultural labour, or in some manufactory. The administration takes every precaution necessary for the procuring of good masters for these poor children ; and the inspectors make frequent excursions to see that they are well dealt by. The chapel of this esta- blishment is dedicated to St. -Louis ; it possesses a good picture, by Lafosse, of Christ inviting little children to come BICÊTRE. 249 to him. la Charité. Admission may be procured daily. The institution is attended by the Sœurs de BICÊTRE. This hospice is situated without the walls of Paris, half a league from the barrière d'Italie . It is destined for the reception of indigent persons of 70 years of age, for the infirm, the epileptic, or the insane. They enjoy the same nourishment and equal treatment ; the dormitories are spacious and well ventilated ; they may not remain in them during the day, but there are spacious apartments on the. ground-floor, which serve as workshops in which they occupy themselves in mechanical professions, on in the fabrication of trifling articles which they sell for their own profit ; or they amuse themselves between the hours for meals with walking in a spacious court, planted with trees, ornamented with grass-plots and flowers, and fur- nished with seats. In the centre of this court is the church. Two thousand two hundred beds are made up for poor old men in this hospital. It is impossible to observe without a sentiment of veneration such a number of individuals, rendered respectable by age, occupied under the same roof, with work in keeping with their strength, Every body is acquainted with the elegant productions in wood and bone manufactured at Bicêtre : they proceed from the hands of septuagenarians ! The difficulty of procuring water on the elevated ground on which this hospital is situated created a necessity for a well of 171 feet in depth ; it is dug in the solid rock, is 15 feet in diameter, and contains nine feet of water. This is one of the most remarkable wells in Europe ; it was constructed under the direction of an engineer of the name of Boffrand . The water was formerly raised by means of four horses ; but this was found inconvenient ; the movements of the machine were irregular ; and a prize was proposed for the invention of a more sure and regular means of raising the water. A proposition of M. Bernières was adopted : he constructed an ingenious piece of mechanism which elevates a bucket containing a hogshead of water every five mi- nutes. These buckets empty themselves into a reservoir 53 feet square, capable of containing 4,000 hogsheads, 250 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS : whence the water is distributed by pipes into every part of the establishment. This machine is put in motion by 24 prisoners. The advantages of the plan of M. Bernières over that formerly employed are three-fold ; viz . the buckets are conveyed to their destination more steadily, the pri- soners find exercise, and a remuneration which tends to lighten the burden of their captivity. In the second court is an iron railing in which is the entrance to that part of the edifice in which the insane are confined . This is the most afflicting sight which can be offered to man, and one which cannot fail to impress him with a sense of his weakness, and the vanity of that reason of which he makes such a boast. They are as well lodged as their unfortunate state will permit. Such as are not dangerous sleep together in dormitories, and are allowed to take air and exercise in a garden during the day. Being on elevated ground the inmates of this place enjoy a pure air and magnificent prospects ; it was first converted into an hos- pital in 1656. In the 13th century this was a castle belonging to the Bishop of Winchester, of which last word, by corruption, the people have formed Bicêtre. Louis XIII. established an hospital for Invalids here ; under Louis XIV. it became an asylum for beggars . (For the prison de Bicêtre, see page 237.) ? That part of the establishment appropriated to paupers may be seen without difficulty. To see the prison, and visit the lunatics an order must be applied for, by letter, to M. le Secrétaire de la Préfecture de Rolice ; but the keeper sometimes gives permission to see the latter with- out that formality. SALTPÉTRIÈRE, Boulevard de l'Hôpital . This immense building, near 2,000 feet in length, and upwards of 1,000 in breadth, was constructed under Louis XIV. , from designs by Liberal Bruant, and origin- ally destined for the reception of beggars. It derives its name from having been built on the site of a saltpetre manufactory. Since the year 1802 this edifice has been devoted to the purpose of an hospice for old women, etc., of the same description, and on the same plan, as that of HOSPICE DES INCURABLES. 251 Bicêtre for men. It is a little town within its own walls, containing public places, streets, promenades, a magnificent church, and between 5 and 6,000 inhabitants, of whom the greater proportion are aged and infirm, upwards of 1,000 are insane or mad, and generally between 5 or 600 are found afflicted with epilepsy or cancer. They receive warmth in winter in large apartments heated by stoves, where they follow what occupations they please ; the product of their industry being abandoned to them. They are attended by the Sœurs de la Charité. The quarter destined to the insane has received impor- tant ameliorations ; these unfortunate beings are divided into five classes, to each of which is allotted a garden ; and a spacious promenade is provided for such as are not dangerous. The disposition of the bathing rooms is re- markable ; being well fitted up with shower-baths of all descriptions, ascending and descending. Every thing is well-ordered and convenient : it is a model for asylums of this kind. The church is a remarkable object : it is situated be- tween two courts, and is of a circular form, surmounted by an octagonal dome, beneath which is the high altar, so that religious ceremonies may be seen by spectators placed in any of the four naves which lead to the dome, and which are sixty feet in length. The exterior of the portico is adorned with Ionic columns supporting an attic . This hospice is open to the public on Sundays and Thursdays, from 12 till 4 ; and to strangers every day, Women will conduct them to the different parts for a tri- fling remuneration. HOSPICE DES INCURABLES ( HOMMES), Rue du faubourg St. -Martin, 150. In this establishment are 414 beds for men and 50 for boys. Men and children attacked with incurable disease, or men of more than 70 years of age, find admittance into this hospice. The old employ themselves for their own profit, and those children whose infirmities permit them are instructed in divers professions, in which they are compelled to occupy themselves. Strangers obtain ready admission to this hospital, 252 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS : HOSPICE DES INCURABLES ( FEMMES) , Rue de Sèvres, 54. In this establishment are 475 beds for women, and 50 for girls. The conditions for admission are the same as those above described in the case of men. The two institutions, indeed, were originally established on these premises ; but the men were removed to a separate build- ing in the year 1802. This hospice was founded in 1644, by the Cardinal de la Rochefoucauld, whose mausoleum decorates the chapel. Vast courts and an agreeable pro- menade add to the salubrity of the premises. Strangers gain ready admittance. INFIRMERIE DE MARIE-THÉRÈSE, Rue d'Enfer, 86. This house, founded by the Vicomtesse de Château- briand in 1819, derived its name from the late Dauphiness, who became its protectress. It only contains 15 beds, which are reserved for infirm priests, and persons ruined by the revolution. This establishment is now supported by voluntary contributions. HOSPICE D'ENGHEIN, Rue St.-Dominique, 45. Founded in 1819, in execution of the will of M. Leprince, who bequeathed a sum of money for that purpose. Twenty beds. HOPITAL MILITAIRE DU VAL- DE- GRACE, Rue St.-Jacques, 277. Strangers are not allowed to enter this hopital, but they may obtain admittance to the church. ( See page 165.) The HOPITAL MILITAIRE, rue Blanche, 12, and the Ho- PITAL MILITAIRE DE PICPUS, rue de Picpus, 14, are dependencies upon the foregoing. INSTITUTION STEE.. - PÉRINE . 253 HOPITAL MILITAIRE, Rue St. -Dominique, 212. This hospital contains 700 beds, and 1,500 can be put up, if necessary. MAISON ROYALE DE CHARENTON. This hospital for the insane of either sex was founded by Sebastien Leblanc, in 1614. In 1797, government es- tablished 450 beds here, of which it defrayed the expense of 60 only. The other beds are for boarders, who pay 650fr. , 975fr. , or 1,300fr. , according to their means, wash- ing included. It is under the authority of the Minister of the Interior, from whom alone the gratuitous admission of lunatics for a limited time can be obtained . The building is warmed by steam. A new and singular method of treatment was practised for the first time in this hospital. M. de Coulmier, director of the establishment, contrived to render music and theatrical exhibitions one of the leading prescriptions in the cure of his patients. Balls and concerts were given, and comedies performed, on a stage which had hitherto exhibited the loathesome spectacle of human degradation. The actors of this extraordinary theatre were such of the patients as enjoyed lucid inter- vals of sufficient length to admit of the experiment. His spectators too were madmen, when the curious were not sufficiently numerous to fill the pit and boxes. M. de Coulmier's confidence in the effects of music appears not to have been altogether groundless ; his method having more than once been attended with complete success. Strangers are only allowed to see the courts and gar- dens. The director may be seen on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Sundays, from 9 till 4 ; but patients are admitted at all hours. INSTITUTION STE. - PÉRINE, Grande rue de Chaillot. In this institution superannuated persons of 60 years of age, or upwards, find an agreeable asylum, suited to their 22 254 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS : years, by paying annually 660fr. , or by paying down at once a fixed sum, in proportion to age, according to a gra- duated scale. ASILE ROYALE DE LA PROVIDENCE, Rue de la Chaussée- des - Martyrs, 50 . This is an asylum for 60 elderly persons of either sex ; 12 places are gratuitous ; the others are boarders of 300, 400, 500, or 600 francs per annum, according to circumstances. HOSPICE DE LA ROCHEFOUCAULD, Beyond the barrière d'Enfer. This was formerly a Maison de Santé for superannuated priests and officers without fortune. In 1802 it was con- verted into an asylum for retired servants of the hospitals, and infirm persons of more than 60 years of age, who pay a pension of 200 or 250 francs per annum, or by payingdown a certain sum on a graduated scale, according to age, for which the institution finds them in food, fire , medicines, etc. Here are 150 beds. HOSPICE DES MÉNAGES. Rue de la Chaise, 24. This is an asylum for old married couples, for widows and widowers. It contains 80 best chambers for couples 60 and 70 years of age, who can give 3,200fr. for admission, and 80 for couples of the same age destitute of re- sources ; 100 small chambers for widows and widowers 60 years old, who have been married 20 years, and can pay 1600fr. admission ; 150 beds in the dormitories for those who have become widowers in the hospital ; 50 beds for persons 60 years old, who have been married 20 years, and can pay 1,000fr. admission ; and 50 for widows and widowers. Each inmate must bring a bedstead, bolster, two mattresses, and one straw mattress, two pair of sheets, two chairs, and a chest of drawers. Each individual receives a pound and a quarter of bread per day ; 3fr. and a pound of uncooked meat every ten days ; and a double stère of wood and two voies of charcoal per annum. INSTITUTION DES SOURDS - MUETS . 255 HOPITAL ROYAL DES QUINZE-VINGTS, Rue de Charenton, 38. This hospital was founded in 1260, by St.-Louis, for shelter and lodging for 15 score poor blind men. They were formerly established in a building in the rue St.- Nicaise ; but were removed to the present edifice, known by the name of the Hôtel des Mousquetaires Noirs, in 1779. It is under the superintendence of the Grand Almoner of France. Three hundred blind men, together with their families, are lodged here, who each receive 24 sous per day. Some of the work executed by these unfortunate creatures is very curious. Attached to the establishment are 200 out- door pensioners, each of whom receive 150fr. per annum. Strangers may visit this hospital every day. INSTITUTION ROYALE DES JEUNES AVEUGLES, Rue St.-Victor, 68. This was created a royal institution by Louis XVI. , in 1791. Sixty blind boys, between the ages of 10 and 14, and 30 blind girls, receive instruction here, where they are maintained at the expense of the state for eight years. Blind children are also received as boarders. They are taught reading by the aid of characters in relief, writing, and arithmetic, together with geography, history, mathe- matics, and music ; great pains are also taken to teach them some art by which they may be able to earn a living, such as weaving, knitting, etc. There are occasional pub- lic exercises, to which tickets of admission may be had on application to M. le Directeur. Strangers may visit the establishment every day, except Sundays and Thursdays, on application to the porter. INSTITUTION ROYALE DES SOURDS - MUETS, Rue St.-Jacques, 254. The happy idea of restoring to society men who ap- peared to be completely separated from it by nature, in supplying by sight and by signs the organs of hearing and speech, is due to M. l'Abbé de l'Epée. With a fortune ofless 256 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS : than 5007. per annum, this ingenious philanthropist esta- blished, in his own house, an asylum for 40 deaf and dumb people, whom he fed and instructed, and for whom he ex- pended all that he possessed , imposing upon himself every privation for the purpose of laying the foundation of one of the noblest institutions of which France can boast. Marie Antoinette visited this school in 1778 ; and, at her instigation, Louis XVI. authorised the establishment of the institution in the convent of the Celestins, and bestowed on it the modest endowment of 3,400fr. L'Abbé de l'Epée died in 1790, with the satisfaction of seeing continued the good which he had begun. He was succeeded by the Abbé Sicard, under whose administration the institution was transferred to the Séminaire de St.- Magloire , where it still remains. In 1813, 70,000fr. per annum was voted from the expenses of the state for the support of this establishment, in which 80 pupils receive gratuitous in- struction, 10 are admitted as half boarders, and 10 as three-quarter boarders. The pupils must enter between the ages of 10 and 15. The course of instruction lasts five years. They are taught reading, writing, arithmetic, draw- ing, engraving, and some trade. The terms for boarders are, for boys 900fr. , girls 800fr. There is a gratuitous day-school for pupils of both sexes. The Abbé Sicard died in 1822 ; the present director is the Abbé Borel. Strangers are admitted to view the public exercises, which take place about once a month, on applying by letter, postpaid, to M. le Directeur, or by writing name and address, a fewdays beforehand, in a book at the porter's lodge. MAISON DE REFUGE ET DE TRAVAIL POUR L'EXTINCTION DE LA MENDICITÉ, Rue de l'Oursine. The object of this establishment, created by voluntary subscription, in 1828, is to provide work for the poor, and suppress habits of mendicity. They are fed, lodged, and clothed in this house. Of their earnings, one third goes to the support of the house, another is placed at their weekly disposal, and the remainder forms a fund which is given to them when they leave the institution. There are about 400 beds here. The inmates are allowed to leave the pre- SECOURS A DOMICILE. 257 mises, on obtaining permission 24 hours beforehand. In- dividuals in ill health, or not in a condition to work, are not admitted. This establishment may be visited on Sundays and Thursdays, from 12 till 3 o'clock. MAISON DE REFUGE POUR LES JEUNES PRISONNIERS, Rue des Grès St.-Jacques. Young offenders, upon the expiration of the term of their imprisonment, here receive elementary instruction , are taught the principles of religion, and habituated to labour. It is in part supported by voluntary contributions. In the rue d'Enfer St. - Michel, 82, is an establishment for young female prisoners on a similar principle. MAISON CENTRALE DE NOURRICES, Rue du Temple, 36. This institution is under the direction and controul of a society of physicians, who take every precaution to exa- mine into the physical state and moral character of the nurses engaged here. SECOURS A DOMICILE (RELIEF AT HOME) . "In each of the 12 arrondisements of Paris is a Bureau de Charité, the object of which is to distribute relief and succour to the poor in their own homes. Each bureau, presided by the mayor, is composed of the deputy- mayors , the rector and curates ofthe parish, and the protestant mi- nister where there is a church of that persuasion, of 12 managers chosen by the Minister of the Interior, of com- missaries of the poor, and a certain number of Dames de Charité. An accountable agent is attached to each of them. They are under the direction of the Prefect of the depart- ment and the General Council of Hospitals. The relief consists in the distribution of bread, meat, soups , clothing, blankets, firing, medicine, etc. , etc. Besides which 3 francs per month are allowed to old people of upwards of 70 years of age, and 6fr. to those of more than 80. 22 * 258 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS : ÉTABLISSEMENT EN FAVEUR DES BLESSÉS INDIGENS, Rue du Petit- Musc, 9, and rue de Sèvres, 27. These are establishments for affording gratuitous advice, linen, and dressings to indigent people who have received wounds, sprains, etc. Besides the above, and some other establishments of a similar nature, there are a number of Benevolent Societies in Paris, of which we shall notice a few:- The object of the Société de la Charité Maternelle, whose office is rue Coq-Heron, 5 , is to succour poor lyingin women, and to afford an allowance per month for the child during the first year. Government gives 100,000fr. per annum to this association , who have branch establishments in 30 of the principal towns in France. Société Philanthropique. - This is an association of cha- ritable persons, for the relief of the indigent, by means of the distribution of soup, medical advice, medicine, etc. Each subscriber who pays 30fr. receives 100 soup tickets and as many cards for the dispensaries. The Duc de Ne- mours is honorary president of the society. The Société Royale pour l'Amélioration des Prisons concurs with the public administration in introducing into the prisons of the kingdom all the ameliorations compatible with religion, morality, justice, and humanity. Every mem- ber must pay at least 100fr. per annum. The Société Helvétique de Bienfaisance, rue de l'Ora- toire du Louvre, is a society of Swiss who afford relief to their countrymen in distress. The Société pour les Jeunes Filles Délaissées, rue Garan- cière, 12, has been established for the protection of de- serted young girls, and such as have lost their parents, who receive an education, and are put out apprentice, where the society still affords them protection and counsel. This institution receives an annual grant of 3,000fr. from the hospital funds. Société pour l'Etablissement de Salles d'Asiles pour la Première Enfance, or Association for the formation of BRITISH CHARITABLE FUND . $259 schools for young children between the ages of two and seven, whose parents are employed in work during the day. This association receives 3,000fr. from the hospital fund. Donations are received by Messrs. Mallet, frères, 13, rue de la Chaussée d'Antin . The Société Protestante de Prévoyance et de Secours mutuels, rue de l'Arbre Sec, 46 , was formed in 1825. It affords medical advice, medicine, and pecuniary relief to sick members, who pay 24fr. per annum. There are in Paris 164 Sociétés de Secours mutuels entre Ouvriers, consisting in all of 14,000 members, who by a small weekly subscription afford each other mutual relief in case of infirmity or sickness . Some of these so- cieties provide funds for the burial of their members. The most ancient dates from the year 1694. The Société Biblique Protestante is an association for the purpose of spreading the Holy Scriptures without note or comment, in the version used in Protestant churches. A public meeting to receive the report ofthe labours of the committee is held every year in April, when the accounts are examined and a new committee chosen. The Society's rooms are rue Montorgueil, 65. Société des Traités Religieux, or Protestant Religious Tract Society. Secretary, M. Monod, pasteur, rue du fau- bourg St. -Martin, 80. There is also a Société Catholique de Bons Livres, rue St.-Thomas d'Enfer, 5 . Association pour la Propagation de la Vaccine, founded in 1831 , under the auspices of Government, by Dr. James, at the bureau central, rue du Pont de Lodi, 4. The gra- tuitous vaccinations take place on Wednesdays, from 12 till 2 o'clock. Women in necessitous circumstances are entitled to three francs for every child they present for in- oculation. For the Caisse d'Epargne et Prévoyance, see p. 85. BRITISH CHARITABLE FUND. This institution for the relief of distressed British subjects in Paris and its vicinity, dates from the month of 260 CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS . January, 1825, when a number of gentlemen of rank and fortune, with his Excellency Sir Charles Stuart, now Lord Stuart de Rothesay, at their head, commiserating the many various and severe cases of distress, every where and every day to be met with about this capital , felt the ne- cessity of forming such an establishment, and called a meeting for that purpose. At that meeting it was re- solved :- That a Committee should be appointed , and a fund raised by subscriptions and donations. That the fund so raised should be administered by the Committee regularly assembled twice in every week. That British subjects , of all denominations, on producing satisfactory evidence of their being destitute, should be entitled to relief-as follows : That women and children, infirm and sick persons, should have granted them a free conveyance to England. That able-bodied men should be provided with pecuniary assistance to make their way to the coast on foot, and with a free passage over the water. That in certain cases temporary relief might be granted . That medical assistance should be provided for persons in need thereof. It was further resolved-That persons unable to provide for themselves generally in this country by their labour and industry, and unwilling to accept the means offered by the Committee for their removal to England, should be denied relief; so also would servants out of place through their misconduct, and all persons leading a vagabond and dissolute life. And finally,-That any one having been once sent to England at the expense of the fund, should never again receive assistance from the Committee. According to these regulations, the institution is still conducted. The number of cases relieved averages from four to nine hundred per annum, and the number of per- sons sent to England from two to three hundred. This is generally accomplished at an expense of from ten to thir- teen thousand francs. To the honour of Englishmen, few persons of distinction or fortune visit Paris without contributing, by subscriptions or donations, to this fund. FREEMASONS. 261 The Committee meet every Tuesday and Saturday, from two to four o'clock, at 16, rue de la Madeleine, faubourg St.-Honoré, where subscriptions may be paid in They are also received by the members individually ; and like- wise at the office of Mr. Mills, Solicitor, 335 , rue St. Honoré; by Messrs. Rothschild and Co.; Luc Callaghan ; Blount and Co.; Messrs. Galignani and Co.; and by G. G. Bennis, at the English and American Library, 55 , rue Neuve St.-Augustin. ORDER OF FREEMASONS. The order of freemasonry seems to have been derived from the Templars. Ramsay, the author of Cyrus's travels, pretends it first originated in Jerusalem, in 1099, was thence carried to Scotland, and established in Edinburgh in 1314. This mysterious order became known in Eng- land at a much later period, 1649, and lastly in Ireland in 1729. The first lodge of freemasonry in France, which was opened at La Rapée, dates from 1725, when it made such progress as to arrest the attention of government, which issued a decree in 1737, forbidding all assemblies of the kind. M. Chapelot, the proprietor of the house was fined 1,000fr. Indeed, so alarmed was Louis XV. at the tendency and progress of the order, that he threatened to committo the Bastille any Frenchman who should presume to accept the post of Grand Master. Little attention, how- ever, was paid to the threat of Louis ; the Duc d'Antin accepted the dangerous honour, was followed by Louis de Bourbon, Prince de Conti, in 1743, who was succeeded in his turn by another Louis de Bourbon, Duc de Chartres, in 1771 , and by the Regent Duc d'Orleans himself, at which time the order had assumed a flourishing state. During the revolution, the lodges were closed, and masonry was virtually abolished in France ; but on the return of order they were again organised, several members of the imperial family were admitted , and Joseph Bonaparte became Grand Master. The Grand Commandeur of the Rit Ecossais ancien is now the Duc de Choiseul. There are about 80 lodges in Paris, and 500 in France, 262 ' LITERARY INSTITUTIONS : They assemble regularly every month, and at the great solstitial festivals. The places of assembly are rue de Grenelle-St.-Honoré, 45 ; rue St. - Honoré, 219 bis ; and at the Prado, place du Palais de Justice. SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY INSTITUTIONS. INSTITUT. The palais des Beaux Arts, or de l'Institut, has been de- scribed, page 116. This institution was created in 1795 , and was originally formed of three Academies. It was reconstituted in 1803, and divided into four classes ; to which at the time of the Restoration the ancient name of Académies was again given. The Académie Française, composed of 40 members, is charged with the compilation of a Dictionary in the French language, and the examination of literary and historical works. This academy disposes of an annual prize of 1,500 francs for the best production on a subject proposed the preceding year; and two Montyon prizes, one for the work the most useful to public morals ; another for an act of virtue displayed in the lower classes of society. It holds its sittings every Thursday, from half-past two till half- past four, besides which there is a sitting on Tuesdays, from November till the 9th of August, and an annual meeting on the 9th of August. The Académie Royale des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres is composed of 40 members, and a class of ten free mem- bers (académiciens libres), who enjoy the same privileges as the others, but have no indemnity. It disposes of an annual prize of 1,500fr. , and a numismatic prize, founded by Allier de Kanteroche ; and grants medals to such per- sons as produce the best memoirs upon the antiquities of France. It holds its sittings on Fridays at 3 o'clock, and has an annual meeting in July. INSTITUT. 263 The Académie Royale des Sciences is composed of eleven sections : viz . , geometry, 6 members ; mechanics, 6 ; astronomy, 6 ; geography and navigation, 3 ; philoso- phy, 6 ; chemistry, 6 ; mineralogy, 6 ; botany, 6 ; rural economy and the veterinary art, 6 ; anatomy and zoology, 6 ; medicine and surgery, 6. This academy has also a class of 10 free academicians. It distributes a prize of 3,000fr. , and three Montyon prizes, on statistics, experi- mental physiology, and mechanics ; besides prizes for im- provements in medicine and surgery ; for external and in- ternal remedies ; for the means of rendering an art or trade less insalubrious ; and for useful works or discoveries made inthe course of the year ; and the astronomical prize founded by M. Delalande. This academy holds its sittings every Monday, from 3 to 5 ; and its annual public meeting on the first Monday in June. The Académie Royale des Beaux Arts contains five sections : viz. , painting, 14 members ; sculpture, 8 ; architecture, 8; engraving, 4 ; musical composition, 6 ; and a class of ten free members. The weekly sittings are held on Saturdays at 3 o'clock. The annual public meeting is held on the first Saturday in October, at which time it dis- tributes prizes in painting, sculpture, architecture, engraving, and musical composition. The successful candidates are sent to Rome, where they prosecute their studies for five years at the expense of the state. Each Academy has its own regulations, and its own se- cretary (the Académie des Sciences has two secretaries) , and is perfectly independent of the other ; but the hall, the agency, the secretary's office , library, etc. , are com- mon to the whole. The interests and the funds common to the four academies are managed by a committee formed of two members of each academy, presided by the Minis- ter of the Interior. The nominations to vacant places are balloted for by the academy in which the vacancy occurs, and the choice is submitted to the approbation of the king. The members of one academy are eligible to the others, and each member receives a salary of 1,500fr. The united public meeting of the four academies takes place on the 1st of May of each year. 264 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS : BUREAU DES LONGITUDES , At the Observatory. This bureau is composed of 3 geometers ,4 astronomers, 2 navigators, a geographer, 4 assistant astronomers, and 2 instrument makers, who, dating from the year 1795 , have been engaged in correspondence with foreign Observatories, employed in the compilation of the " Connaissances des Temps," and an " Annuaire, " and in the improvement of astronomical tables, and the best means of ascertaining longitudes, etc. , etc. UNIVERSITÉ DE FRANCE (FRENCH UNIVERSITY) . If the antiquity of an institution and the celebrity of its members are claims to reputation, those of the French University are of no mean order. Founded by Charle- magne, and supported by a succession of scholars, both French and foreigners , of the most distinguished abilities, it continued from his time down to that of the Revolution , a period of nearly ten centuries. This revolution, in its hostility to every thing ancient, dissolved it ; but it was remodelled with perhaps greater skill than ever during the empire. A judiciary system of 25 courts of appeal suc- ceeded to the ancient parlemens , having at their head a Grand Judge or Minister of Justice. Twenty- five acade- mies, with their council and Grand Master, represented what was called the Imperial University. After some futile attempts at reform, the system was adopted by the Restoration, and the title of Grand Master united to that of Minister of Public Instruction. The university as it now stands is at once colossal and grasping. It has all the evils as well as all the advantages of a monopoly. From the higher faculties, such as theology, belles lettres, sciences, law, and physic, to the royal and communal colleges ; from the fashionable institution or boarding school, down to those where the first elements are taught, nothing can escape its attention, nor elude its vigilance. Measures regarding the University are decided by a Con- seil d'Instruction consisting of 9 individuals, and carried ACADÉMIE DE PARIS . 265 into execution by the Proviseurs of the different colleges together with 12 Inspectors General. The professors are men of tried abilities, all of whom previously undergo a rigorous examination. Their salaries are seldom above 6,000fr.; some are even so low as 500fr. The latter, however, are generally salaries of the agrégés, young men who are waiting for a vacant chair. The pro- fessor has claims to a pension in cases of disease, or after a service of 20 or 30 years as teacher. ACADÉMIE DE PARIS, Rue de Sorbonne, 11 . The Academy of Paris occupies a house built in 1253, by Robert Sorbonne, chaplain to St.- Louis , and re- erected in 1629, by Cardinal Richelieu. The Academy consists of a Rector, who is Grand Master of the University ; an Inspector General, charged with the administration, nine Sub-Inspectors, and an Academic Coun- cil of twenty-four members, including the President, the Vice-President of the Council of Instruction, the Prefect of the Seine, the Procuror-General of the Royal Court of Paris, the Inspectors of the Academy, and the Deans of the five faculties. The halls serve for the courses and lessons of the faculties of theology, belles lettres, and sciences, as well as for the sittings of the administration . Faculté de Théologie. -Here are six professors who teach-1 . Doctrines and Evidences of Christianity ; 2. Mo- rality ; 3. Sacred History ; 4. Ecclesiastical History and Church Discipline ; 5. Hebrew ; 6. Sacred Eloquence. Faculté des Lettres. -In this faculty are 12 professors who give lectures on Greek literature ; Latin and French eloquence and poetry ; French history and literature ; phi- losophy, ancient and modern ; history, ancient and modern ; geography, and foreign literature. Faculté des Sciences. Twelve professors give instruction here in algebra, in differential and integral computation, in astronomy, mechanics, natural philosophy, chemistry, mineralogy, botany, zoology, in descriptive geometry, in comparative zoology and physiology, and in geology. Faculté de Droit, place du Pantheon, 8.-The regular study of law began in Paris in 1384, and was reorganized 23 266 LITERARY INSTITUTIONS : and improved under Louis XIV. and Louis XV. It was transferred to the present building, erected after designs by Soufflot, in 1771. This school is divided into a number of sections, viz. -1 . Institutes de Justinian ; 2. Code civil ; 3. Legislature criminelle et Procédure civile et criminelle ; 4. Code de commerce ; 5. Pandectes ; 6. Droit adminis- tratif ; 7. Droit des Gens ; 8. Histoire du Droit. To be admitted to follow these courses, the student must bring a diploma of Bachelor of Arts of the Faculty of Letters . He must follow the course for two years to obtain the degree of Bachelor of Law; three years to be a Licentiate , and four years to be a Doctor of Laws : he must regularly at- tend the public lectures, undergo public examinations, and maintain theses. 2,500 students attend these courses every year. Faculté de Médecine, rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 14.- The first notice of medical knowledge in France dates from the sixth century. It was first taught and became a science under Philip Augustus. Before the erection of the Ecole de Médecine, in 1776, the Faculty occupied a building in the rue St.-Jean de Beauvais. It now consists of 23 professors, and a number of honorary professors and agrégés, or fellows. Lectures are delivered every day, except Sundays, on every subject connected with medicine, such as anatomy, chemistry, materia medica and therapeutics, hygiène, internal and external pathology, midwifery and diseases of women and children, clinical medicine, sur- gery, midwifery, etc. , etc. Candidates for the degree of Doctor of Medicine must be Bachelors in letters and in sciences. They must take out 16 inscriptions, each of which costs 50fr. , and admits to all the lectures for three months, thus comprising a period of four years. Foreign- ers, to whom the regulations are not supposed to be known, are allowed to become qualified whilst taking out their inscriptions. To procure the degree of Doctor, five public examinations on every branch of medicine is requisite , and the candidate must write a thesis in Latin or French, which he must support in public. SCHOOL OF MEDICINE. 267 ÉCOLE DE MÉDECINE, Rue de l'Ecole- de-Médecine, 14. The first stone of this magnificent edifice was laid by Louis XV. in 1769 ; it was built after designs by Gon- douin. The front towards the street consists of a colonnade of the Ionic order, 198 feet in length, supporting an entablature and attic. Between the columns are arcades, some of which are open. Above the principal entrance is a bas-relief representing Louis XV. accompanied by Wis- dom and Beneficence, and a genius with a plan of the School. The court, 66 feet in depth by 96 in breadth, is ornamented with three- quarter Ionic columns to corres- pond with the front. The principal front presents a pro- jecting mass composed of six columns of the Corinthian order, surmounted by a triangular pediment, in which is a bas-relief allegorical of the Theory and Practice of Medi- cine. On the wall are medallions containing portraits of the celebrated surgeons, Pitard, Paré, Mareschal, Peyron- nie, and Petit. The amphitheatre is calculated to contain about 1,200 students. It possesses three fresco paintings by Gibelin ; one represents Esculapius teaching the elements of medicine and surgery ; in another surgeons are dressing the wounded after battle ; in the third the Genius of Medicine, crowned by Fame, is bestowing prizes to academicians and pupils. In the Salle d'Assemblée is a painting, by Girodet, representing Hippocrates refusing the presents made him by the King of Persia to exercise his art amongst the ene- mies of his country . It is surrounded by busts of the most famous French anatomists and surgeons. The dis- secting-room of the Hôpital de la Pitié is attached to the School of Medicine. In the left wing of the building is a library of 30,000 volumes, which is open to the public on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from 10 till 2 o'clock. Vacancies from the 15th of August to the 1st of November. On the same days, and at the same hours, a magnificent cabinet of human and comparative anatomy, highly worthy of the attention of the curious may be seen . 268 ROYAL COLLEGES. There are in Paris five royal and two private colleges, where the pupils are taught ancient and modern languages, mathematics, chemistry, natural philosophy, natural history, geography, drawing, and writing. In the month of August there is a general competition for prizes between a few of the pupils of each ofthese colleges, selected for the purpose, together with pupils from the royal college of Versailles, conducted with great pomp at the Sorbonne, in presence of the heads of the University, the Prefect ofthe Seine, etc. The royal colleges are each governed by a Proviseur, and Inspecteur Général des Etudes : three of them, viz. Louis- le- Grand, Henry IV. , and St. - Louis, receive boarders as well as day scholars ; the two others admit day scholars only. The terms for board are 1,000fr. per annum, besides 95fr. for college and university dues. Some of the large towns in the departments have royal colleges. The greater part of the provincial towns have private establishments called Colleges Communaux, aided by the commune, and under the inspection of the authori- ties. COLLEGE ROYAL DE LOUIS- LE- GRAND, Rue St. -Jacques, 125. This college was founded in 1560, and took the name of College de Clermont. It was called after Louis XIV. in 1681 ; since which period it was successively known by the names of College de l'Egalité, Prytanée Français, and Lycée Impérial, till 1814, when it recovered its ancient name of Louis- le- Grand. The buildings are spacious, but not remarkable in an architectural point of view. This college possesses a library of 30,000 volumes, and a ca- binet of natural philosophy. COLLEGE ROYAL DE HENRI IV. , Rue Clovis, 7. The buildings of this college are constructed on the site of the ancient abbey of Ste. - Geneviève. The tower of the ÉCOLES PRIMAIRES. 269 church, built in 1175, is still standing. In 1802 this college was known by the name of Lycée Napoléon. COLLÉGE ROYAL DE BOURBON, Rue St.-Croix d'Antin, 5. This edifice was constructed by Brongniard in 1781 , and converted by him to its present destination in 1800 , at which time it took the name of College Bonaparte, which it retained till 1814. It is composed of four piles of building. In the front are three entrances, that on the left conducting to the church of St.-Louis. The vestibule in the centre leads to a court yard, surrounded by a pe- ristyle of Doric columns, forming a terrace at the first story. The front is ornamented with niches for statues, and recesses for bas-reliefs. COLLÉGE ROYAL DE ST. -LOUIS , Rue de la Harpe, 94. This college was constructed in 1814, on the site of the ancient College d'Harcourt, and was opened on the 24th of October, 1820. The entrance is noble, and the chapel at the bottom of the court pretty. COLLÉGE ROYAL DE CHARLEMAGNE Rue St.-Antoine, 120. The buildings of this college have nothing to recommend them to notice. Besides the above, there are in Paris 116 academies or boarding-schools (institutions et pensionnats) for young gentlemen, and 143 for young ladies. They are both under the inspection of the University ; and the former are obliged to send their pupils to the nearest Royal College to attend the lectures. The College Ste. - Barbe, rue des Postes, 34 ; and the College Stanislas, rue Notre-Dame-des- Champs, 34, enjoy most of the advantages of the royal colleges . The Ecoles Primaires were instituted for the gratuitous education of the poor, and for the teaching, at a lowprice, 23 * 270 SPECIAL SCHOOLS : reading, writing, arithmetic, and the elementary truths of religion, to the children of parents in middling circum- stances. There are about 80 of these establishments in Paris, in which 10,000 poor children receive instruction. The boys' schools are under the direction of the Frères de la Doctrine Chrétienne (see p. 175.) The girls' schools are under the direction of the Sœurs de Charité and other nuns. Some of them are supported by voluntary con- tributions. There is also in Paris a Cours Normal Gratuit pour l'Enseignement Mutuel Elémentaire, founded by the Pre- fect of the Seine, and designed for the education of those who devote themselves to instruction as school-masters or school-mistresses in the provinces. Six weeks' lectures are given here every quarter. The pupils are taught read- ing, writing, arithmetic, drawing, grammar, and church- singing. The institution for men is rue des Bernardins, 4 ; for women at the Halle aux Draps. SPECIAL SCHOOLS. COLLEGE ROYAL DE FRANCE, Place Cambrai, 1 . This college was founded in 1529 for instruction in the sciences which were not cultivated at the University. The present edifice was constructed in 1774, from designs by Chalgrin. Twenty-one of the most distinguished profes- sors give public and gratuitous lectures here on astronomy ; mathematics ; mathematical philosophy ; experimental phi- losophy; medicine ; chemistry ; natural history ; laws of nature and nations ; history and moral philosophy; He- brew, Chaldaic, and Syriac languages ; the Arabic ; the Persian ; the Turkish ; and the Chinese and Tartar-Mantchoulanguages and literature ; the Greek language ; Greek and Latin philosophy ; Latin oratory ; poetry ; French lite- rature ; political economy ; comparative legislation ; and archeology. ÉCOLE POLYTECHNIQUE. 271 ÉCOLE ROYALE ET SPÉCIALE DES LANGUES ORIENTALES VIVANTES, Rue Neuve-des- Petits -Champs, 12. The Persian, the Malay, the literal Arabic, the vulgar Arabic, the Turkish, the Armenian, the Modern Greek, and the Hindostanee languages are taught in this establishment, to which government allows 38,000fr. The Bibliothèque du Roi, so rich in oriental manuscripts, is open to the professors of this institution . Attached also to the Bibliothèque, rue de Richelieu, 58, is an Ecole Royale des Chartes, and a Cours d'Archéologie. ÉCOLE ROYALE POLYTECHNIQUE, Rue Descartes. This school was founded in 1794. Its object is to form pupils for the service of the artillery, for the military and naval service, in the art of constructing bridges and high- ways, in mining, etc. , and for the general diffusion of in- struction in the mathematical, physical, chemical, and gra- phic arts. From the time of its commencement this school has had a high reputation for the excellence of the methods of instruction adopted by its able professors , and for the distinguished characters it has produced. The pupils in- structed here are 300 in number, and between the ages of 16 and 20, who can only gain admission by undergoing a severe examination in several branches of science. The price of instruction is 1000fr. per annum ; the pupils pro- viding themselves with uniform, books, and other objects necessary to the pursuit of their studies. Twenty- four pupils here are altogether at the expense of government, of which eight are in the nomination of the Minister of the Interior, four of the Minister of Marine, and twelve of the Minister ofWar. No person can be admitted into the artillery who has not been brought up here. Strangers.can- not see this school without permission of the under - gover- nor, who resides on the premises. 272 SPECIAL SCHOOLS : ÉCOLE ROYALE DES PONTS-ET-CHAUSSÉS, " Rue Hillerin-Bertin, 10. This school was formed in 1784. Eighty pupils, taken from the Polytechnic School, receive instruction in the art of projecting and constructing routes, canals, bridges, ports, and public edifices. ÉCOLE ROYALE DES MINES, Rue d'Enfer, 34. At the head of this school is a Conseil des Mines, who direct all affairs connected with mines, coal-pits, quarries, salt-pits, etc. Independent of the regular pupils, there are out-boarders who receive instruction gratis, who may, after the completion of their education, undertake the ma- nagement of private establishments, but who cannot make a part of the Royal Body of Miners. Attached to this institution is a cabinet of mineralogy, which is opened to the public on Mondays and Thursdays, from 11 till 3 ; and every day to students and strangers. ÉCOLE DE PHARMACIE, Rue de l'Arbalète, 13. In this school are eight professors, who give lectures on the theory and practice of the preparation of drugs, on - chemistry, natural history, and botany. Apothecaries are not permitted to exercise their profession till after nume- rous and severe examinations in this school. The botanical garden, arranged after the manner of Tournefort, was formed byNicholas Houël, on the model of that of Padua. Open every day from 10 till 4. ÉCOLE ROYALE ET SPÉCIALE DES BEAUX- ARTS, Rue des Petits-Augustins, 16. This school is divided into two sections ; one for teach- ing the arts of painting and sculpture, the other for instruction in architecture. Twelve professors and eight assistant professors give lectures on every subject connected with ÉCOLE DE MATHÉMATIQUE. 273 these arts. Competitions for medals take place here every month. In the month of October, the Académie Royale des Beaux- Arts adjudges an annual prize, to which no candidates are admitted but those who have gained medals. The pupil who produces the best composition is sent to Rome, for three years, at the expense of Government. This school replaces the Academies of painting, sculpture, and architecture, founded under Louis XIV. in 1648 and 1671 . The lectures delivered here are public, and take place on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Until the Restoration, these buildings enjoyed a certain celebrity from being the place in which were united the tombs, statues, bas-reliefs , and works of art, saved from the wreck of the Revolution, that had embellished the churches and public and private dwellings of the capital, and which had received the name of Musée des Monumens Français. A new edifice, to be called the Palais des Beaux-Arts, was begun in 1820 in the garden of the museum. The gallery of architecture in this school, which has been removed from the Institut , is worth the stranger's attention. Here are models in relief of Egyptian , Grecian, Indian, and Roman architecture ; and a cork model of the Coliseum at Rome, executed by Lucangeli, in 1808. ÉCOLE ROYALE GRATUITE DE MATHÉMATIQUES ET DE DESSIN, Rue de l'Ecole de Médecine, 5. This school was founded in 1765 . It has for its object the instruction of artisans who devote themselves to those professions where a knowledge of mathematics and the art of design is requisite. Lessons are given here on practical geometry, arithmetic, mensuration, and timber- cutting, on Mondays and Thursdays ; on the elements of architecture, stone-cutting, proportions of the human figure, and draw- ing of animals, on Tuesdays and Fridays ; on ornamental designs and flowers on Wednesdays and Saturdays. In- struction is given to workmen who cannot leave their em- ployment during the day, every evening from 7 till 9. Medals are distributed every month, and prizes every year. There is also an Ecole Royale Spéciale et Gratuite de Dessin pour les Jeunes Personnes, rue de Touraine St.- 274 SPECIAL SCHOOLS. Germain, 7, for the instruction of young women, destined for manual professions, in the art of designing figures, animals, landscapes, flowers, etc. Annual distribution of medals and prizes, followed by a public exhibition. CONSERVATOIRE DE MUSIQUE ET DE DÉCLA- MATION LYRIQUE, Rue du faubourg Poissonnière, 11. This establishment was founded in 1784 for instruction in singing, instrumental music, and declamation. It has produced some excellent artists of both sexes. Here are 400 pupils. A public distribution of prizes and several concerts take place in the course of the year. A boardingschool for singers is also attached to the institution, in which twelve men are maintained at the expense of Government. There is also a Conservatoire de Musique Classique, rue de Vaugirard, 69, in which the charge for instruction varies according to the age of the pupil. Public exercises take place from time to time. ÉCOLE PRATIQUE DE L'ART THÉATRALE, Rue Chantereine, 19 bis. Classes here receive instruction in the art of declamation every day, from 9 o'clock till 12. Exercises every Monday. GYMNASE NORMAL, MILITAIRE, ET CIVIL, Place Dauphine. The object of this establishment, which is under the authority of the Minister of War, is to encourage gymnastic exercises in the different corps of the army. The military exercises take place on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fri- days, and Saturdays, from 8 till 10 in summer, and from 11 till 1 in winter. The director gives lessons to other pupils on Thursdays and Sundays, from half-past 2 till half-past 4 in summer, and from 2 till 4 in winter. SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY SOCIETIES . 275 ÉCOLE ROYALE D'ÉQUITATION, Rue du faubourg Montmartre, 42. Here are classes for instruction in horsemanship every day from 7 till 10, and from 2 till 4. For ladies every day, except Sundays, from half-past 11 till 2. SCIENTIFIC, LITERARY, AND OTHER SOCIETIES. Our limits leave us room only for a very summary no- tice of these institutions. The Académie Royale de Médecine, rue de Poitiers, 8, was instituted in 1776 to reply to the inquiries of the go- vernment on every question regarding the state of public health, to report cases of epidemic disease, to examine new and secret remedies, to propagate vaccination, etc. It is composed of 60 titular members, 40 , assistant ditto (adjoints), 40 non- resident associates, and 20 foreign and 10 free associates . It holds its meetings every Tuesday at 3 o'clock. Gratuitous vaccination Tuesdays and Saturdays at 12. The Société de Médecine Pratique is an association for the study and cure of the most prevalent diseases ; it holds its sittings at the Hôtel de Ville, on the first and third Thursdays of the month, at 2 o'clock. The Société de Médecine de Paris holds its meetings on the first and third Fridays ofthe month, at 2 o'clock . Their labours are regularly published in the Transactions Médicales, edited by one of their members. The Athénée de Médecine de Paris holds its sittings at the Hôtel de Ville on the first and third Saturdays of the month. The Société Médico-Philanthropique holds its sittings on the 2d and 4th Wednesdays of the month, at 7 o'clock in the evening, at the Hôtel de Ville. Gratuitous consulta- tions on Thursdays, from 2 till 5 o'clock. Société Royale et Centrale d'Agriculture. This Society, which has for its object the amelioration of the different branches of rural and domestic economy, was first esta- 270- SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY SOCIETIES. blished in 1761. It forms a central point of correspondence for the agricultural societies of the kingdom, and is com- posed of 40 ordinary, 24 free, and 12 foreign associates, with an unlimited number of native and foreign corres- pondents. It holds its sittings at the Hôtel de Ville on the 1st and 3d Wednesdays of the month, and has an an- nual public meeting in April for the distribution of prizes. Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale, rue du Bac, 42. Founded in 1802 , this society, whose object is the amelioration of every branch of French industry, is formed of an unlimited number of members, who pay an annual subscription of 36fr. It publishes every year a bulletin, distributed exclusively to the members of the Society, containing notices of improvements made in France and foreign countries. The society holds two general as- semblies in the course of the year ; one in February for the settlement of the accounts , the distribution of prizes of encouragement, and the election of an administrative council. The other, in July, is for the distribution of prizes. The Council of Administration assembles every other Wednesday. The prizes proposed for the year 1834 amounted to 70,500fr. Société Royale des Antiquaires de France, rue des Petits Augustins, 6. The name of this society sufficiently indicates its object. It holds its meetings on the 9th, 19th, and 29th of each month, at 7 in the evening. The Société de Géographie, rue de l'Université, 23, con- sists of an indefinite number of members, who pay 25fr. entry, and an annual subscription of 36fr. Its object is the promotion of geographical knowledge. It publishes every month a Geographical Bulletin , whichthe members receive gratis, and a collection of memoirs which they may procure at half price. The society holds two general assemblies in the course of the year, in March and in November. The Commission Centrale meets on the first and third Fridays of the month. The library is enriched with a numerous collection of curiosities, presented by travellers. Société pour l'Instruction Elémentaire, rue Taranne, 12. The object of this society is the formation and im- provement of elementary schools in France. To become a member it is necessary to pay 25fr. per annum, for which each subscriber receives the Bulletin mensuel published by SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY SOCIETIES . 277 the society, and acquires a right of sending three children to the schools maintained by the institution . The society holds two public meetings , at periods which are not fixed . Athénée des Arts, à l'Hôtel de Ville . This society for the encouragement of arts and sciences holds its meetings every Monday evening, at 7 o'clock. Annual public meet- ing for the distribution of prizes. Athénée Royale de Paris, rue de Valois, 2. This is a literary society founded by the unfortunate aëronaut, Pi- latre du Rozier, in 1781. The distinguished and learned men who have given lectures here have obtained it great celebrity. It was here that La Harpe delivered his Cours de Littérature Ancienne et Moderne. To be admitted to this society it is necessary to be presented by two mem- bers, and to pay an annual subscription of 120fr. Lectures are given every evening at 7 o'clock, during half the year. The library is open to subscribers from 9 in the morning till 11 at night. Société Grammaticale, rue de Richelieu, 21. This society busies itself with grammatical difficulties , and the answering of all questions relating to that science put to it no matter by whom. Each member pays 12fr. per an- num, and 20fr . for what he calls his diploma. It holds its meetings on Sundays at 12 o'clock. Société des Amis des Arts for the encouragement of sculpture, painting, and engraving, founded in 1789, re- established in 1816, at the Louvre, under the protection of the Duke of Orleans. It is composed of an indefinite num- ber of subscribers, who may withdraw or continue to be members at the end of each year. The price of a share is 25fr. , of which each person can take as many as he de- sires. Nine-tenths of the annual receipts are employed in the purchase of paintings, statues, vases, bas-reliefs in marble, drawings, bronzes, etc. The objects of art thus acquired during the year, are exposed in the Louvre, and distributed among the shareholders by means of a public lottery, at the rate of one prize for eight shares. Such shareholders as do not get prizes are entitled to a proof engraving, of which the plate is broken as soon as the copies for the society are taken. Société d'Horticulture, rue Taranne, 12. This society was established in 1827 for the improvement of kitchen 21 278 SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY SOCIETIES.... and pleasure gardens ; for the cultivation of fruit trees, plants, and vegetables destined for food , roots susceptible of employment in the arts, etc. It devotes particular at- tention to the introduction of the best qualities, and to the spread of their cultivation . To belong to the society it is necessary to be presented by a member, and pay a subscrip- tion of 30fr. per annum. The Annales de la Société d'Horticulture is a monthly journal published by the so- ciety, distributed gratis to members. This society has established an annual exhibition of plants, shrubs, flow- ers, etc., at which it distributes medals and prizes. Société Française de Statistique Universelle, place Ven- dome, 24. This society was founded in 1829, to aid the progress of statistics and the development of every branch of human knowledge. It is composed of titular, honorary, and corresponding members. Titulary members pay a sum of 300fr. , or 30fr. per annum ; honorary members pay 150fr. , or 15fr. per annum. Corresponding members have only to purchase a diploma which costs 25fr. The society publishes a monthly journal, and a collection of memoirs which are distributed gratuitously to the titular and hono- rary members. There is an annual distribution of gold, silver, and bronze medals, to such persons as produce works entitled to distinction, which are printed at the ex- pense ofthe society. Société de la Morale Chrétienne, rue Taranne, 12. The abolition of the slave trade, of gaming, of the lottery, the amelioration of the moral state of prisoners, the placing out of young orphans, and the application of the spirit of association to beneficent purposes, are the objects which occupy the attention of this association. Persons who would belong to this institution must be presented by two members, and pay an annual subscription of 25fr. Société des Méthodes d'Enseignement, rue Taranne, 12. This society is engaged in the perfecting of every branch of instruction, and meditates a complete system of national public education. It is to this end that it has established an orthomathique school. This association holds its ordinary sittings on the second Tuesday of the month, at eight o'clock in the evening, and distributes prizes at an annual meeting. Members pay 25fr. per annum, for which they receive a Bulletin and Journal d'Education.

0 0 0 L'INSTITUT BIBLIOTHÈQUEROYALE CABANEDESANIMAUX JEDESPLANTEGallery del a sculps PUBLIC LIBRARIES. 279 The Société Asiatique, rue Taranne, 12, has been insti- tuted for the encouragement of the study of the Asiatic languages. Members pay a subscription, of which the minimum is fixed at 30fr. , which entitles them to a copy of the Journal Asiatique, published every month, and to the privilege of purchasing at cost price the works printed by the society. The sittings are held on the first Monday of the month, at half-past seven in the evening. Besides the above societies we may mention the Société des Progrès Agricoles, rue Taranne, 10, for the propagation of a knowledge of agriculture. The Académie de l'Industrie Française (Agricole, Manufacturière, et Com- merciale), place Vendome, 24. The Société d'Améliora- tion des Laines, rue St. - Sauveur, 12. The Société Uni- verselle de Civilisation, rue Jacob, 14. The Société Libre des Beaux Arts, rue Saintonge, 19. The Société Géolo- gique de France, rue du Vieux Colombier, 26. The Société de Pharmacie, rue de l'Arbalète, No. 4, etc., etc. PUBLIC LIBRARIES. BIBLIOTHÈQUE DU ROI. Rue Richelieu, 58. The edifice which contains this splendid collection of books and manuscripts is almost destitute of architectural ornament. The entrance leads into a court 300 feet in length by 90 in breadth, surrounded by piles of building, which if not uniform, are at least simple, and produce a good effect. In the centre is a bronze statue of Diana, by Houdon. King John passes for the founder of this library, which in his time consisted of eight or ten volumes. Under Charles V. it was augmented to nearly a thousand volumes, a vast collection in those days, and placed in one of the towers of the Louvre. During the insanity of Charles VI. many of these books were scattered about and carried away; and the remainder disappeared under the regency of the Duke of Bedford, who purchased them, together 280 PUBLIC LIBRARIES : with many of the archives deposited here, and sent the greater part to England . Louis XI. collected all the books he could find about the royal palaces, with the design of again forming a library ; and printing having been in- troduced into France about this time, it began rapidly to increase. Under Louis XII. this library, which then contained nearly two thousand volumes, was transported to Blois, and thence, under Francis I. to Fontainebleau. It was during this reign that the famous Cabinet de Mé- dailles was commenced. Henry II. issued an ordinance which obliged every bookseller to deposit here a copy on fine paper of every work printed by privilege. Henry IV. removed the library to Paris, and placed it in the College of Clermont, rue St. -Jacques, whence it was transferred to the rue de la Harpe ; at this time it consisted of 16,000 volumes in manuscript and print. In 1666 it was removed to a house in the rue Vivienne, where it remained till 1721 , when an ancient residence of the Cardinal Ma- zarin, the Hôtel de Nevers, was prepared for its reception, where it has remained ever since. This building was once occupied by the banking establishment of Law, the notorious speculator. The entrance is by the rue Richelieu : a handsome staircase, with antique balustrades, on the right, conducts to the galleries which contain the printed books, and cabinet of me- dals and antiquities. The number of printed volumes in this library amounts to 450,000 ; together with the same number of pamphlets and fugitive publications ; a collection which is every year enriched with 6,000 national and 3,000 foreign works. The manuscripts are 60,000 in number. The cabinet of medals contains 100,000 of these objects , without reckoning some thousands of engraved stones and other antiquities ; and the cabinet of engravings is enriched with 1,600,000 stamps, engravings, cartes and geographical plans. For the accommodation of visitors, tables furnished with inkstands are placed in the middle of the room. The groupes seated round these rooms present readers of almost every class in society ; even ladies are not a rarity. The studious require nothing but paper and pens. slip of paper with the title of the work is sufficient to pro- cure it ; nothing being so remarkable as the quiet assiduity and activity ofthe librarian. Amongst other objects worthy A BIBLIOTHÈQUE DU ROI. 281 of remark in these vast galleries is a curious represen- tation of the pyramids of Egypt ; a seated plaster statue of Voltaire, by Houdon ; and a wooden monument, intended to represent Parnassus, on which are bronze figures ofthe literary characters of the age of Louis XIV. and Louis XV. At the summit of this preposterous production is the figure of Louis XIV. in the character of Apollo . In another room are two immense globes, 12 feet in diameter, con- structed by the jesuit Coronelli, in 1682. Except that in Pembroke College, they are perhaps the largest in the world. They are surrounded by brass circles. An inscription on the celestial sphere states that the position of the stars is marked as at the moment of the birth of Louis XIV.; and another on the terrestrial globe indicates that it was constructed to exhibit the countries which that monarch might have conquered had not his moderation prescribed bounds to his valour. A psalter, the most ancient printed book, having a date, executed at Mentz, in 1457, and the Mazarin Bible, printed in 1456, with cut metal types, constitute perhaps the greatest typographical curiosities in this library. The Manuscripts are placed in six rooms of moderate dimensions, of which only one, the galerie Mazarine, is open to the public. The ceiling, painted in fresco, by Romanelli, represents various subjects of fabulous history. The manuscripts here are in every language, French, Greek, Latin, and Oriental ; some of them are enriched with precious miniatures, or covered with pearls and costly stones. There are manuscripts of the 6th and 7th centuries written in letters of gold, on purple vellum, and in letters of silver on black parchment. Here may be observed the Bible and prayer- bock of Charles the Bald ; the sermons of St. - Bernard ; the Chronicles of Froissard ; a statement of receipts and expenses under Philippe-le- Bel, written on tablets of wax ; the prayer-books of Anne of Brittany, and Henry III.; two copies of Telemachus, in the hand-writing of Fénélon ; and Memoirs of Louis XIV. in his own hand. The most ancient manuscripts are some prayer-books of the fifth century. Most of the Oriental manuscripts are remarkable for their beauty. Amongst the specimens of autography preserved here may be seen those of Corneille, Bossuet, Boilcau, Racine, Montesquicu, 24 * 282 PUBLIC LIBRARIES : Voltaire, Madame de Vallière, Madame de Maintenon, Turenne, Francis I. , Henry IV. etc. The celebrated Virgil of the Vatican, with notes by Petrarch, the most ancient manuscript in existence, together with other curiosities taken by Napoleon, from the Vatican and the library of St. -Mark, at Venice, were restored in 1815 . The Medals and Antiquities are contained in a room at the extremity of the first grand gallery. In the centre of the apartment is a large buffet covered with precious objects, amongst which may be observed, an ivory vase made of a single elephant's tooth, 18 inches in height and six in diameter, mounted in silver gilt, and enriched with stones of different colours. Amongst other objects, are some antiquities found in an ancient tomb, supposed to be that of Childeric, consisting of several golden figures in the shape of bees, a hatchet, some golden filaments, which undoubtedly ornamented the dress of the deceased, a globe of crystal ; and a golden ring, on which is engraved Childeric regis. Here are to be seen also two disks in silver, of which one, found in the Rhone, in 1656, is 26 inches in diameter and weighs 43 marcs ; the other, of the same size, was found near Avignon ; on one is a bas-relief representing the quarrel of Achilles and Agamemnon ; on the other a lion is reposing beneath a palm-tree : they are called the bucklers of Hannibal and Scipio. But the most precious articles are some Grecian cameos and intaglios of inimitable workmanship. In a room on the ground-floor is the famous zodiaque de Denderah, surrounded by mum- mies, papyrus, and Egyptian antiquities. This rich collection sustained an irreparable loss, by robbery, in November, 1831. A golden vase, valued at 10,000fr. , a suite of medals in gold of the Roman emperors up to Constantine ; and a number of other antiquities and curiosities of the same metal, the intrinsic value of which could not be less than 500,000fr. were carried off. Some of these precious relics were afterwards recovered from the bed of the Seine, into which they had been thrown, but many of them are for ever lost to the world. The cabinet of engravings is entered by a staircase in an angle of the court on the right hand. In the middle of the gallery are tables and chairs for the convenience of visitors who wish to inspect the engravings . Persons BIBLIOTHÈQUE MAZARINE. 283 desirous of examining some of the volumes should apply to the librarian for the works of any of the great painters, as Titian, Rembrandt, Poussin, etc. The attendants are always ready to supply the collection. Visitors are admitted to the library, cabinet of medals and antiques, and the cabinet of engravings, from 10 o'clock till 3, on Tuesdays and Fridays ; but for students and authors the library is open, during the same hours, every day except Sundays and holidays. The vacation is from the 1st Sept. to the 15th Oct., during which period the library is closed. With the permission of the Minister of the Interior, literary persons, well recommended, are per- mitted to take books out of the library. BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE L'ARSENAL, Rue de Sully . After the Bibliothèque du Roi this is the most interesting library in Paris, being particularly rich in history, foreign literature, Italian poetry, and works on military science. It contains 180,000 printed volumes, and 6,300 manuscripts, among which are some beautifully illuminated missals. Open from 10 till 3, except Sundays and holi- days. Vacation from Sept. 15 to Nov. 3. BIBLIOTHÈQUE ROYALE DU PANTHEON, Rue Clovis, 1 . This library is contained in the upper story of the ancient abbey of Ste. - Géneviève. It is ornamented with a cupola in which is seen the apotheosis of St. -Augustin, by Restout. The galleries are adorned with a number of busts of celebrated men. Against the wall of the staircase is an immense drawing of the moon. It contains 150,000 volumes and 30,000 manuscripts ! Open from 10 till 3, except Sundays. Vacation from Aug. 1 to Sept. 1 . BIBLIOTHÈQUE MAZARINE, Quai de Conti. This library occupies part of the buildings of the Palais de l'Institut, though quite distinct from the library of that 284 MUSEUMS : institution . It was formed from the scarce and curious books on every subject and in every language collected by the celebrated bibliographer Gabriel Naudé ; and appro- priated to the service of men of science and letters , in 1661 , by Cardinal Mazarin. It now contains 100,000 volumes and 4,500 manuscripts. Open every day from 10 till 3. Vacation from Aug. 15 to Oct. 1 . BIBLIOTHÈQUE DE LA VILLE, Rue de Tourniquet. This library is rich in botanical works. It possesses 48,000 volumes, which are open to the public every day, except Wednesdays, Sundays, and festivals, from 12 till 4. Vacation from Aug. 15 to Sept. 30. There are a number of other libraries in Paris which, on application in the proper quarter, may be visited by persons in the pursuit of literary or scientific investigations. Amongst them is that of the Luxembourg, the Chamber of Deputies, the Observatory, the Institut, the Council of State, the Court of Cassation, the School of Law, etc. MUSEUMS. MUSÉE D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE, Jardin du Roi. In according to his physicians Herouard and Guy de la Brosse, in 1626, two acres of sterile and ungrateful ground at the extremity of the faubourg St.-Victor, for the for- mation of a botanic garden it is very probable that Louis XIII. had no idea ofthe magnificent establishment of which he was laying the foundation , one of the chief ornaments of the city, and the boast of the nation. The garden now occupies a space of 84 acres. This establishment is under the controul ofthe Minister of the Interior, and consists of -a botanic garden with hot-houses ; galleries containing collections of the three kingdoms of nature ; a gallery of anatomy; a botanic gallery ; a menagerie ; a library of MUSÉE D'HISTOIRE NATUREelle . 285 natural history ; and an amphitheatre with laboratories. Thirteen courses of public lectures, on botany, natural history, chemistry, mineralogy, comparative anatomy, etc. are delivered here in the course of the year, which take place in the amphitheatre, in the gallery of natural history, or in the garden. Permission to attend them may be ob- tained on application at the Bureau of the Administration. Here is also a school of drawing and painting as applied to natural history. On entering the Garden by the principal gate, opposite to the bridge of Austerlitz, it appears longitudinally divided into three parts. At the extremity of the grand avenue, bordered by lime and chestnut trees, is seen the Museum of Natural History. On the right are the Managerie, the Aviary, and, further on, the Cabinet of Comparative Ana- tomy, the Botanic Gallery, the Swiss Valley, Labyrinth, etc. Before arriving at the Botanic Garden, which extends in front of the Museum of Natural History, the stranger will observe some enclosures, probably more interesting to the agriculturist than to the casual observer. One con- tains a curious collection of every different soil and manure, exhibiting in an instructive manner their comparative fer- tility and value. Others are occupied with specimens of every kind of fence, hedge, ditch, etc., and the methods of training espalier fruits, and evergreens of all descriptions. Beyond these are beds of culinary vegetables, and every plant appropriated to the food of man, with the most ap- proved mode of training each ; together with some syste- matically arranged specimens of fruit-trees. Further on is the Botanic Garden, where 6,500 kinds of plants are ar- ranged according to the method of Jussieu. Each one bears a label indicative of its name, its family, and its class . The beds are divided by hedges of box-wood. A piece of water supplied from the Seine is appropriated to the aqua- tic plants. There are five hot-houses, which have been constructed in proportion as this museum has become en- riched with the fruits of the labours of botanists employed to collect specimens in the most distant parts of the globe. The green-house, 200 feet in length, 24 in width, and 27 in height, is never heated but when the thermometer de- scends below the freezing point. It serves as a shelter for plants from the southern hemisphere. Every plant . 286 MUSEUMS : here is likewise labelled . Passing by the amphitheatre, the stranger arrives at the foot of a small elevation, the ascent to which is by some narrow alleys, which, encircling the hill in a spiral direction, have been called a labyrinth . On the summit is a kiosk, whence a fine view of the sur- rounding country is obtained , and where a person is usu- ally in attendance with a telescope to show and explain the different objects within view. On the summit of this kiosk is an armillary sphere. Half way down the hill is the famous cedar of Lebanon, brought from England by Bernard de Jussieu, and planted in 1734. Near it is a co- lumn of granite which serves for the tomb of the celebrated Daubenton, who consecrated 50 years of a peaceful and la- borious life to the study of nature in this museum. At a short distance from the foot of the hill , near the Bureau d'Administration, is a dairy, where milk, eggs, fruit, or coffee may be procured. The entrance to the Amphithea- tre, in which are delivered the lectures on chemistry, ana- tomy, and medicine, is ornamented with two fine palmtrees from Sicily, 25 feet in height. The Menagerie was transported from Versailles to this garden in 1794. The varied surface of the ground, the diversity of the plantations, and the singular constructions for the animals who inhabit them, give peculiar interest to this part of the garden. Where it could be accomplished, the trees and shrubs of the animals' native clime, or the vegetables in which they most delight, flourish within their enclosures. These enclosures, 17 in number, extend around a large building called the rotunda, in which are confined the larger animals, such as the elephant, the bison, the cameleopard, zebras, etc., who are allowed to take exercise in some small enclosures, attached to the rotunda during a part of the day. In the enclosures for domestic animals are a number of goats and sheep from different parts of Asia and Africa ; together with a great variety of deer. Some camels may be occasionally seen turning the wheel of a machine which supplies the gardens with water ; and in three paved courts are some bears, who amuse the boys by climbing up a tree planted in the centre of the court, for the sake of a piece of bread or cake attached to a cord, and thrown over it. Besides the above there are dens for wild beasts, containing lions, bears, tigers , hyenas, MUSÉE D'HISTOIRE NATURELlle. 287 wolves, etc.; the volery, containing vultures, eagles, and other wild birds ; an ostrich-house, covered with thatch ; a number of cages for monkeys ; and the pheasant-house, an elegant semicircular building, from whence extend a number of spacious apartments, formed of wire, in which are enclosed the gold-crested pauxi from Cayenne, gold and silver pheasants from China, Chinese teals, etc., etc. The Cabinet of Natural History occupies two stories of a building 290 feet in length, at the extremity of the gar- den. On the ground floor are rooms containing instruments employed in cultivation, or their models, together with such objects of natural history as are too voluminous to be placed in the cabinet. On the first story, divided into six apartments, are the geological and mineralogical collections, reptiles, and fishes ; on the second story are quadrupeds, birds, insects, shells, etc. At the entrance to the geological collection is a magnificent jointed basaltic column from La Tour, in the department of the Puy-deDôme, surmounted by a superb pyramid of rock crystal, two feet six inches in diameter at its base, near which are two basaltic columns from the Giant's Causeway in Ireland, and an irregular column from St.- Sandoux, in the Puy-de- Dôme. In the first room are a number of stones bearing the imprint of invertebrated animals and vegetables ; and a complete collection of all the stone and rock found in the French soil . The second room contains a rich collection of vertebrated animals, and of their progress towards pe- trifaction. They are contained in two large chests with drawers, placed in the centre of the apartment. The fos- sile fishes are to the left on entering. The fossile remains of quadrupeds, birds, and reptiles, are opposite the win- dow. Amongst them may be remarked those found whilst digging the bed for the waters of the Ourcq ; some enor- mous elephants' tusks found at Rome ; and a piece of the skin and hairs of an elephant discovered imbedded in ice in Siberia, and supposed to be antediluvian. The third room contains specimens of the primary and secondary rocks, with every variety of French marble, together with some curiosities and works of art. The two following rooms contain the mineralogical collection, arranged accord- ing to their constituent elements, after the system of the learned Haüy. The numerous specimens here assembled 288 MUSEUMS : are not, in the eyes of the connoisseur, the least attractive part of this museum. They are less interesting to the ordinary observer, for whom their scientific denominations are so many enigmas ; his eye turns naturally to more striking objects ; he admires a superb vase of brecciated porphyry from the Vosges ; large groups of crystals of colourless quartz, etc. In the next room are the inflam- mable substances and the metals. Here may be remarked a superb groupe of transparent crystal, some rough and cut diamonds, solid and liquid bitumen, several specimens of amber in which insects in perfect preservation are im- bedded, a large piece of native gold found in Peru, weighing 164 oz., a superb specimen of the native silver of Mexico, different combinations of silver with sulphur, antimony, and muriatic and carbonic acids, etc. , etc. Ascending the great staircase to the right, we enter the rooms which contain the zoological collection . At the head of the staircase is a marble statue of Venus Urania, byDu- paty. The first three and the fifth rooms are occupied by mammalia, the fourth contains birds and animals without vertebræ, all arranged according to the system of the late Baron Cuvier. The mammalia preserved here amount to 1500 individuals, belonging to upwards of 500 species. The first room is devoted to the family of the apes, of which there are at least 200 specimens. The next room contains the tribes of dogs, cats , tigers, lions, leopards, foxes, hye- nas, ground hogs, tapirs, bats, etc. In the next room are different species of the ichneumon, and animals with pouches, as the opossum, kangaroo, etc. , squirrels, porcu- pines, guinea-pigs, rats, mice, and sloths. The apartment which contains the birds is ornamented with busts, in bronze, of Linneus, Fourcroy, Petit, Winslow, Tournefort, and Daubenton. The collection of birds comprises 6,000 individuals, belonging to upwards of 2,300 species. Some few of this collection, which is the most numerous in the world, are unique ; the whole are admirably preserved . The insects occupy large cases in the centre of the gallery, where also may be observed an assortment of corals and other marine productions, and a pleasing arrangement of the eggs and nests of many species of birds. The fifth room contains a male and female cameleopard , some spe- cimens of deer, elks, antelopes, goats, sheep, etc.; and some MUSÉE D'HISTOIRE NATURElle. 289 of the larger animals, as elephants and rhinoceros, are contained in a room on the ground-floor. Here also are the collections of reptiles and fishes ; of the former there are 1,800 individuals, belonging to more than 500 species ; of the latter, as in most cabinets of natural history, many ofthe specimens are not in the best state of preservation. The Botanic Gallery is in a building in the court, near the entrance from the rue de Seine. The first room presents a collection of wood, bark, roots, etc. of every kind ; the second room contains a general herbal, comprising 25,000 kinds of plants ; here also may be observed a fine collection of the mushroom family, imitated in wax, and some models of foreign fruits in wax and plaster ; the last room contains a collection of fruits of all kinds preserved in spirits of wine. The Cabinet of Comparative Anatomy is in a building between the rue de Seine and the Vallée Suisse. This gal- lery was commenced, in 1775, by Daubenton, and attained perfection under the direction of the observing and pro- found genius of Cuvier. In uniting here the carcasses of animals of every kind, he has not been contented with comparing the structure and disposition of their skeletons, but also those of their different organs, which he has contrived to preserve with infinite art, by means of injection ; he has not been contented with the comparison of the human organisation with that of differentimals, but has compared the different races with each other, the European, the Tartar, the Chinese, the New Zealander, the Ne- gro, the Hottentot, several savage nations of America, and the mummies of Egypt. In the 15 rooms of which this cabinet is composed, are not fewer than 12,000 anatomical preparations.

The Library occupies a building contiguous to the railing which separates the court from the garden. It consists of 13,000 volumes on subjects connected with natural history. Here is a magnificent collection of paintings on vellum, of plants and animals, contained in upwards of 100 folio volumes. This collection, begun more than a century ago, was continued by the celebrated Van Spaendonck and Redouté.

The garden is open to the public every day. The me- nagerie may also be seen every day from 11 till 3 in win- 25 290 MUSEUMS : ter, and till 6 in summer. The cabinet of natural history is open on Tuesdays and Fridays from 3 till 6 in summer, and till dark in winter. On producing their passport at the Bureau de l'Administration, strangers may procure tickets of admission on other days, as well as to the cabinet of comparative anatomy and the botanic gallery. The library may be seen on the same days and hours as the cabinet of natural history. MUSÉE ROYAL DU LOUVRE. This institution consists of the Musée des Antiques ; the Musée des Tableaux ; the Musée des Dessins ; the Musée Egyptien ; the Musée de la Sculpture Française des 16 , 17, 18 , siècles ; and the Musée de la Marine. The two first of these museums formerly contained every celebrated work of art that the continent of Europe could boast, at least all within the rapacious grasp of the fingers of Napoleon. But these spoils were restored to their rightful owners in 1815. We cannot describe in detail all the works of art still to be found in these museums ; they would of them- selves occupy a larger volume than that we offer to the public. We must content ourselves with a summary de- scription of the apartments, and refer our reader for the rest to the catalogues which may be purchased in the mu- seum. Musée des Antiques. Amongst the 736 statues, bronzes, busts, vases, etc. , which still adorn the 14 halls consecrated to this museum, may be remarked some chefs- d'œuvre which formerly adorned the Villa Borghese and the Villa Albani, some fine antique statues, which formerly orna- mented the royal palaces, and some of the fruits of the learned researches of Choiseul-Gouffier and Forbin in Greece. In the vestibule over the entrance is a bas-relief by Chaudet, representing the genius of the Arts . On the ceiling is a fresco by Barthélemy, showing the origin of painting, or man formed by Prometheus and animated by Minerva. The medallions in relief, executed in the pen- dentives, represent the four schools of statuary. France is seen admiring the Milo of Puget, Italy the Moses of An- gelo, Egypt the colossal statue of Memnon, and Greece the Pythian Apollo. The two former are by Lorta, the latter MUSEE DU LOUVRE. 294 by Lange. Over the entrance to the Salle des Empereurs is a bas-relief by Chaudet, representing sculpture, paint- ing, and engraving, under the figures of the three Graces. The ceiling of this hall, by Meynier, represents the Earth receiving from Adrian and Justinian the code of laws dictated by Nature, Justice, and Wisdom. Two grisailles, by the same artist, represent Trajan constructing the aque- ducts, and repairing the Via Appia, which afterwards. took his name ; a bas- relief, by Rolland , represents Mar- cus Aurelius granting peace to the Marcomanni . The rivers in the angles of the room represent the Eridanus, by Gois, jun.; the Tiber, by Blaise ; the Nile, by Bridan, jun.; and the Rhine, by Lesueur. The Salle des Saisons , and the following rooms were ornamented by Romanelli ; the seasons are painted in the angles of the room ; the ceiling represents Apollo and Diana, the other subjects are Apollo crowning the Muses, Apollo and Marsyas, Djana and Acteon, and Diana and Endymion. The Salle de la Paix discovers Minerva surrounded by Sciences , Arts, and Commerce ; Peace is setting fire to a pile of arms, and Agriculture is encouraging the labours of the field . The ceiling of the Salle des Romains represents , Poetry and History celebrating the warlike exploits of Rome. In the corners are Cincinnatus refusing the dictatorial robe of purple ; the rape of the Sabines ; the courage of Mucius Scævola and the continence of Scipio . The Salle du Centaure was originally destined for an apartment for Anne of Austria, and was decorated by Romanelli with scenes from the histories of Judith and Esther, with Virtues and Genii ; it has been enlarged and some other paintings added, viz. , a French Hercules, by Hannequin ; Study and Renown, by Peyron ; the Genii of the Arts, by Lethiers ; Guerin has executed two Genii, of whom one holds a crown of Immortality ; those in the opposite compart- ment are by Prudhon. The Salle de Diane is with- out decorations. The ceiling of the Salle du Candelabre, by Prudhon, represents Diana supplicating Jupiter not to subject her to the laws of Hymen. In one of the circular ornaments Diana is bestowing on Hercules the stag with the golden horns ; in the other she is restoring Hippolytus to life-the former is by Garnier, the latter by Mérimée. A bas-relief, by Petitot, represents Orestes.car 292 MUSEUMS: rying off the Tauric Diana ; another, by Cartellier, the Lacedemonian virgins celebrating the fête of Diana ; an- other, by Espercieux, Diana and her nymphs demanding weapons of Vulcan ; another, by Foucou, a dance of Ama- zons before the statue of Diana at Ephesus. The Salle du Tibre, the Salle du Gladiateur, the Salle de Pallas, and the Salle de Melpomène, are without paintings or bas- reliefs ; but in this last apartment is a mosaic pavement, executed in Paris, by Belloni, representing Minerva drawn in a car, and followed by Abundance and Peace. The Salle d'Isis, Salle de la Psyché, Salle de l'Aruspice, Salle d'Her- cule et Télèphe, Salle de Médée, and the Salle de Pan, are also without decoration. The Salle des Cariatides was constructed under Henry II . to serve for a guard-room. It is 140 feet in length and 41 in breadth, and the roof is supported by fluted columns of the composite order. A gallery at the further extremity of the apartment is sup- ported by four colossal caryatides, chefs- d'œuvre of Jean Goujon. The bas- relief in bronze, above the tribune, is by Benvenuto Cellini : it represents a nymph with one arm resting on an urn, from whence issues water, and the other encircling the neck of a stag ; dogs and animals of the chase fill up the back-ground of this production . Beneath the gallery is a remarkable bronze door, which dates from the 16th century, Near the entrance to this hall is a splen- did chimney-piece, ornamented with statues of Bacchus and Ceres, by Jean Goujon. Musée des Tableaux. The gallery, which contains this museum, is entered from the vestibule we have already described under the head Musée des Antiques. A magnifi- cent staircase on the right, constructed after designs by Messrs. Fontaine and Percier, ornamented with columns of the Doric order, of Flanders marble, having bases and capitals of white marble, and with statues, military trophies, and bas-reliefs, leads to the Salle d'Entrée, the Grand Salon, and the Galerie du Louvre. On the ceilings of the staircase are two paintings ; one by Abel Pujol, represents the Revival ofthe Arts. On the ceiling of the Salle d'Entrée, Meynier has represented the apotheosis of Poussin, Lesueur, and Lebrun ; Clio is inscribing their names in the annals of the age of Louis XIV. , and a Genius wards off the destructive scythe of Time, The Grand Salon has MUSÉE DU LOUVRE. 293 no ornaments, but receives light from above. The Galerie du Louvre is 1,330 feet in length by 30 in width, and is divided into nine parts by arches, each of which is sup- ported by four columns and pilasters of precious marble of the Corinthian order, with bases and capitals of bronze gilt ; between the pilasters are mirrors, and between the columns are splendid ancient and modern vases and busts. These compartments are alternately lighted from above or from side windows ; the three first are destined to the pro- ductions of the French pencil ; the three following are de- voted to the German, Flemish, and Dutch schools ; and in the three last are specimens of the Italian and Spanish masters. Amongst the 1,250 paintings which adorn this gallery will be found some of the chefs- d'œuvre of Simon Vouet, Lesueur, Lebrun, Poussin, Dominicain, Guido, Cor- regio, Albano, Jordaens, Titian, Michel Angelo, Paul Ve- ronese, Breuzel, Teniers, Paul Potters, Rubens, etc. The Musée des Dessins is separated from the Galerie du Louvre by the Grand Salon. This gallery contains a col- lection of 25,000 engravings, besides which there are 4,000 copper-plates by the best masters, of which proofs are sold for the benefit of the establishment. Musée Egyptien. This splendid collection of Egyptian, Grecian, and Roman antiquities, occupying nine apart- ments on the first story of the southern wing ofthe Louvre, the entrance to which is from the vestibule of the eastern front, was first opened to the public on the 4th of Novem- ber, 1827. These rooms, whose decorations are ofthe most magnificent description, communicate with each other by means of large openings, decorated with Ionic pilasters , sur- mountedby archivaults. Here will be remarked the finest col- lection of Etruscan vases that exists ; all of which, together with the rare and precious medals and antiquities, are con- tained in splendid mahogany glass-cases. The rooms should be viewed in the following order. 1. The ceiling represents the Genius of France encou- raging the arts and protecting humanity, by Le Gros. Around are attributes relating to the same subject. Six bas-reliefs in grisaille, by Fragonard, represent the arts rendering homage to the sovereign who assembles their productions within his palace. 2. Julius II. giving orders to Bramante, Michael Angelo, 25 * 294 MUSEUMS : and Raphael for the construction of the Vatican and St. Peters, by Vernet. Around are attributes relating to the same subject. The medallions in grisaille , executed byAbel de Pujol, are portraits, of many celebrated men of the age. 3. The subject of this ceiling, by Abel de Pujol , is Egypt saved byJoseph. Syrinx casts her fires into the Nile, and dries up the waters, from whose vapours arise the seven years of famine, who rush upon Egypt to devour her ; but she takes refuge in the arms of Joseph, who saves her. Pharaoh, under the portico of his palace, admires in Joseph the liberating genius of his country. In the vaultings are four bas-reliefs, imitating bronze, representing Joseph guarding his flocks ; sold by his brethren ; explaining Pha- raoh's dreams ; and raised to the government of Egypt. The 16 children with garlands of fruit are emblems of the 16 cubits ofthe Nile ; the Nilometer decorates the centre of each garland. Around are bas- reliefs in grisaille , repre- senting scenes of Egyptian life. 4. Study and Genius aiding Greece in the discovery of Egypt, by Picot. Around are attributes analogous to the subject. The grisailles, by Messrs. Vinchon and Gosse, represent a Greek sculptor copying an Egyptian statue, Apelles painting from nature, Phidias sculpturing from nature, Orpheus singing, a dramatic poet instructing an actor in his part, origin of the Corinthian capital, origin of painting, decline of the arts in Greece. 5. In this room are three compartments, in the ceilings of which the following subjects have been painted by Le Gros -Centre, True Glory supported by Virtue. On the left, Mars, crowned by Victory, stops his coursers, listens to moderation and lowers his javelins. The columns of Hercules are seen in the distance. On the right, Time conducts Truth to the foot ofthe throne, Wisdom receives and protects him with his buckler ; a nascent genius is listening, and the royal arms are at his feet. The six com- partments in this room represent the most celebrated ages in the arts. 6. By Picot. Cybele protects Stabia, Herculaneum , Pompeia, and Retina from Vesuvius, whose fires seem to condemn them to entire destruction . The grisailles, by M. Fragonard, represent the Sciences and Fine Arts rendering homage to the protecting gods. MUSÉE DU LOUVRE. 295 • 7. By Meynier. The nymphs of Parthenope bearing their household gods from their shores, are conducted by the goddess of the Fine Arts to the banks of the Seine. Around are four small paintings representing, the syren Parthenope, foundress of the town which bore her name ; Pluto and Vulcan rejecting the sacrifice offered by the town of Herculaneum ; the two others contain groups of children. The grisailles, by Messrs . Vinchon and Goss, represent Pliny contemplating Vesuvius ; the priests of Pompeia bearing off the sacred instruments ; the inhabitants flying from Pompeia ; Vesuvius overthrowing the towns of Campania ; a Cynic philosopher ; Anacreon com- posing his odes ; young girls consulting a sorcerer; Toilette. 8. By Heim. Vesuvius personified receives from Jupiter the fire which is to consume Herculaneum, Pompeia, and Stabia. These ill-fated cities supplicate the sovereign master of the gods in vain, Minerva intercedes for them, Eolus awaits the command of Jupiter to unchain the winds. Around are six small paintings representing scenes of desolation, the death of Pliny the elder, and Pliny the younger writing his letters, In medallions are genii saving objects of art. The grisailles, by Messrs. Vinchon and Gosse, represent different scenes from the civil life of the ancients ; in those in the angles are divers wrecks of furniture found in the examination of Pompeia, and Herculaneum. 9. By Ingres. Homer deified ; crowned as Jupiter by Victory, he receives on the threshold of his temple the homage and gratitude of the great men. Around are seven cities who dispute the honour of his birth. The grisailles, byVinchon and Gosse, represent subjects drawn from the Iliad and Odyssey. The passage beyond this room has been decorated, by Fragonard, with two bas-reliefs, representing the Fine Arts testifying their gratitude to the protecting genius which crowns them. In the hall called the Salle des Sept Cheminées are two large paintings by Gérard-the Entry of Henry IV. into Paris, and the battle of Austerlitz. Returning by the apartments which contain the antiqui- ties of the middle age and the revival of the arts , the de- corations ofthe ceiling are- 296 € MUSEUMS : 1. By Alaux. Poussin returning from Rome, whence he had been recalled by Louis XIII . is presented by Car- dinal Richelieu to the King, who names him his first painter. Amongst the courtiers may be observed portraits of Thou, Cinq-Mars, le père Joseph, Rivière, etc. Two allegorical figures, to the right and left, represent Truth and Philoso- phy, characteristic of the talent of Poussin. Around are the twelve labours of Hercules. 2. By Steuben. Battle of Ivry ; clemency of Henry IV. after the victory. Around are ornaments relative to the same subject, and medallions containing portraits and em- blems of the most celebrated men of the reign of Henry IV. 3. By E. Devéria. Puget presenting the groupe of Milo de Crotone to Louis XIV. in the gardens of Versailles, in presence of the Queen and the most distinguished persons of the period. Around are paintings representing some events in the reign of Louis XIV. -Leibnitz submitting his project on Egypt to Louis XIV ( 1699 ) ; first sit- ting of the Academy of Sciences ( 1666) ; Lebrun pre- senting his works to Louis XIV ; and that monarch laying the first stone of the Invalides. The medallions represent the principal foundations of this reign. In the angles are medallions representing the principal works of Puget, Her- cules in repose, the caryatides of Toulon, Alexander and Diogenes, Perseus and Andromeda. 4. By Fragonard. Francis I. accompanied by the Queen of Navarre, his sister , and surrounded by his court, receiv- ing the paintings and statues brought from Italy. 5. By Heim. The revival of the Arts. France, accompanied by the Genius of the Arts, offers her treasures to the Arts ; Glory presents them with crowns. Eight paintings represent subjects taken from the history of France, from the reign of Charles VIII. , epoch at which France received from Italy a taste for the Fine Arts, up to the end of the reign of Henry II . , the period of their perfection. Perugino taking the portrait of Charles VIII.; the triumphal entry of Charles VIII. into Naples ; clemency of Louis XII.; Francis I. visiting the workshop of Benvenuto Cellini ; the death-bed of Leonardo da Vinci ; camp of the Field of Gold ; death of Bayard ; Tournament of 1559, in which Henry II. was mortally wounded by Montgoinery. MUSÉE DU LOUVRE. 297 6. By Fragonard . Francis I. receiving the honour of knighthood from Bayard. Around are the presiding Genii of chivalry and the military art. 7. Charlemagne, surrounded by his principal officers, receiving from Alcuin some manuscript books of the monks. An ambassador of Haroun-al-Raschid is present at this ceremony. Around are medallions containing portraits of Pierre de Pise, Roland, St. - Benoit d'Aniane, and Angil- bert. In the angles of the apartment are the Genii of the Sciences, Music, the Arts, War, and Civil and Religious Legislation. 8. By Drolling. Louis XII. proclaimed father of the people at the States-General held at Tours, in 1506. Around are the arms of the different towns who sent deputies to this assembly. 9. By L. Cogniet. Expedition to Egypt under the orders of Bonaparte. The chief of the expedition surrounded by artists and learned men directs the works and the movements of the troops which protect them. Around are attributes of the same subjects. The bas-reliefs in grisaille, represent the battle of Aboukir ; the revolt of Cairo ; pardon granted to the insurgents ; the pest of Jaffa. The entrance to the Galerie or Musée de Sculpture Française is near the pavillon de l'Horloge. Five rooms here are decorated with 95 productions of the first artists of the French school, of which the greater part were formerly in the Musée des Petits Augustins. Musée de la Marine. -This museum occupies six rooms on the northern side of the Louvre. It contains models of every kind of vessel, and all machines employed on board ship, plans in relief of ports and arsenals, forges , rope-houses, block-houses, etc. It is intended to ornament these rooms with paintings representing the naval exploits of the French in every epoch. The Musée des Antiques, the Musée des Tableaux and the Musée de la Sculpture Française are open to the public on Sundays from 1ù till 4. Strangers are admitted every day, except Mondays, by a door to the right of the principal entrance, upon producing their passports. 298 MUSEUMS : PUBLIC EXPOSITIONS. A public Exposition of the Works of Living Artists (painters, sculptors, engravers, lithographers and architects) takes place every year in the grand gallery of the Louvre and some of the adjoining apartments, from the 1st of March to the 1st of May. This exposition is open every day of the week, from 10 till 4, except Friday ; on which day tickets of admission must be procured from M. Forbin, directeur des Musées. The sculpture is exhibited in the salle Henry IV. of which the entrance is from the vestibule under the peristyle of the principal façade of this palace. The Exposition of the Products of the Royal Manufactories takes place annually, either inDecember or January. The Exposition of the Products ofFrench Industry takes place once every five years. That for 1834 was held in large and commodious buildings erected for the purpose in the Place de la Concorde. MUSÉE ROYAL DU LUXEMBOURG. This museum or gallery of paintings was first formed by Marie de Médicis, and was originally composed of 24 large paintings by Rubens representing the principal events in the life of that queen, to which were afterwards added the productions of Lesueur and Vernet. These were transferred to the Louvre, in 1815 , when restitution was made of the works of art of which the capitals of Europe had been despoiled by the French armies. In 1825 this gallery was opened for the reception of such productions of French living artists, as the government should think worthy of acquisition. The ceiling of the principal apartment is ornamented with the signs of the zodiac, by Jordaens, and, the rising of Aurora, by Callet. In the rotunda, on the terrace, is the celebrated Bathing Nymph, by Julien. Beyond are other rooms containing paintings and sculpture from one of which a view is obtained of the magnificent staircase of the Chamber of Peers.. Open to the public from 10 till 4, except Sundays and fete days, and to strangers, with passport, every day ex? cept Monday. CONSERVATOIRE DES ARTS. 299 MUSÉE D'ARTILLERIE, Place St.-Thomas- d'Aquin, 5. Upon obtaining tickets applied for by letter to M. le Directeur, strangers are allowed to visit this highly inter- esting museum, containing a curious collection of the dif- ferent kinds of weapons used in every period of French history, amongst which are complete suits of armour of Godefroi de Bouillon and Joan of Arc, from I till 3 o'clock , on Saturdays. CONSERVATOIRE DES ARTS ET MÉTIERS, Rue St.-Martin . The organisation of this institution, and its establishment in the buildings of the abbey of St. - Martin-des- Champs, are chiefly due to the exertions of M. Grégoire, ancient bishop of Blois, and since member of the Institute . The machines which form the nucleus of the Conservatory were found in three dépôts which already existed in Paris : one at the Louvre consisted of what Pajol d'Ozenbray had given to the Academy of Sciences, and of what this body had since added to it ; another in the hôtel de Mortagne, rue Charonne, was composed of more than 500 machines bequeathed to Government, in 1782, by the celebrated Vaucanson ; and a third collection , in the rue de l'Univer- sité, was remarkable for the number of agricultural instru- ments it contained. The most bulky machines are exhibited in the vestibule, formerly the church of the abbey ; amongst them may be seen the balloon of the celebrated Montgolfier ; an immense carriage employed in the transport of statues , etc .; and a plaster cast which served for the model of the statue of Louis XV. in the place Royale. The objects most deserving of notice are Vaucanson's machines for spinning silk , and some models of hydraulic machines. It contains, besides, a complete collection of machinery invented by French genius and industry in every kind of manufactory and every branch of art ; and has undoubtedly diffused a knowledge of mechanics, though not of the higher order. The peculiar character of the 300 MUSEUMS. nation displays itself in the rich profusion of toys, and the numerous models of tile - kilns, potteries, lead-works, bee- hives, etc. found here. Since its commencement, some changes have taken place in the administration of this establishment. In 1810 a gratuitous school was formed here for the purpose of teaching young people to become able artists and distinguished professors ; they are taught the drawing of figures, ornaments, architecture, etc.; arithmetic, algebra, geome- try, descriptive geography, and the application of mathe- matics to architecture and the construction of machines. In 1817 three chairs for professors were instituted here : one for lectures on commercial and mechanical economy ; the others for chemistry and mechanics as applied to the arts. Should artists produce any useful inventions, without having the means to carry them into execution, the coun-` cil brings them acquainted with such capitalists as arelikely to advance them the necessary funds. In pursuance of the law of the 8th October, 1798, those who have obtained patents for inventions are bound to de- posit the originals of the said patents, together with the descriptions, plans, drawings, and models therewith connected, in the Conservatory, which it is at liberty to print, engrave, and publish. Besides that the greater part of the machines exhibited here are trivial, they are almost invariably old inventions ; all the machinery for which patents are granted being placed in a room to which admission cannot be obtained. Patents in France are granted for 15 years , but the privi- lege may be renewed on payment of a proportionate sum . The Conservatory is open to the public from 10 till 4 on Sundays and Thursdays. 301 THEATRES. The drama, both in France and England, claims the same antiquity and absolutely the same origin , namely, the mysteries. These works were generally composed by the priests and pilgrims, and interested the rude age by their broad scurrilous humour and barefaced imitation of every thing connected with religion. The following short scene, which we shall not venture to translate, will give some idea of the impudence and blasphemy of such pieces : Dramatis persone-un Ange et le Père Eternel. L'Ange. Père Eternel, vous avez tort Et devriez avoir vergogne ; Votre fi's bien-aimé est mort, Et vous dormez comme un ivrogne. Dieu le Père. Il est mort ? L'Ange. Oui, foi d'homme de bien. Dieu le Père. Diable emporte qui n'en savait rien , etc. The actors in such theatres, however, were not exclu- sively ecclesiastical. In a curious memoir published on the subject of the mysteries, we learn that in the town of Grenoble the managers of these shows were chosen from among the principal magistrates ; that the person who had taken upon him to play the principal part, viz. , that of Christ, in the mystery of the Passion , was one Pierre Bu- cher, a noble advocate and doctor of law. Fortunately for that gentleman, when called upon to fulfil his engagement, he refused to play. We say fortunately, as it is probable he would have fallen a victim to the crucifixion which generally concluded the representation. The following is an extract from the Chronicle of Metz :-" Onthe 3d of July, in the year 1437, was performed the play of the Passion, in the plain of Veximel, when a noble theatre, nine stories high, was erected. The part of God, was played by Sire Nicole, the curate of St.-Victour de Metz, who almost died on the cross. He was, however, relieved by another priest, 26 302 THEATRES : who took his place, was attached to the cross, and accomplished the crucifixion for that day. On the morrow the resurrection was performed by the curate of St.-Victour, who played it manfully. Another priest, Messire Jean de Nicey, played Judas, who fainted while hanging, so that he had to be taken down with all dispatch." In 1544, the parlement prohibited the exhibition of mysteries of the Passion in particular, as well as every other mystery con- nected with Scripture. In consequence of this, moralities were introduced, a species of composition in which vices and virtues were personified . These, and other farces of aments less ofelevated the Parisi constituted the theatrical amuse- down to 1552, when Jodelle produced his two tragedies of Cleopatra and Dido, which, though far from perfect, were highly applauded , being the first regular tragedy played in France. Jodelle's successor was Hardy, who is the second real dramatic writer France presents us, but he has nothing to recommend him except his having written no fewer than 600 pieces for a strolling company. The celebrated Richelieu, the founder of the Académie Française, was also the patron of the theatre. Under him a host of play-wrights arose, all of whom were thrown into the shade by the immortal Corneille. The comic muse produced shortly after its brightest ornament, the inimitable Molière. Tragedy was continued by and is supposed to have reached its perfection with Racine, who has been only succeeded by the brilliant Voltaire, and the gloomy and energetic Crébillon. Since then, many tragic writers have arisen, and successively bequeathed the French more than one noble and animated piece. Victor Hugo, Delavigne, and Scribe seem to be the able and suc- cessful competitors of the present day. Theatrical monopoly having ceased during the revolu- tion, the number of small theatres soon amounted to no less than thirty ; but, in 1807 , Napoleon issued a decree reducing them to eight. They have since gradually in- creased to 5 principal theatres, 11 of the second and third orders, and 7 or 8 of a still minor description. Numerous sentinels guard the avenues to all the French theatres, and preserve order in the interior. The audience who await the opening of the doors are arranged in files, and ad- mitted two and three at a time, without the slightest pres- THEATRE FRANÇAIS. 303 sure or confusion ; and, by the number of avenues pro- vided to each house, the Parisian theatres are rapidly eva- cuated. Except at some of the minor theatres, ladies are not admitted to the pit. ACADÉMIE ROYALE DE MUSIQUE (FRENCH OPERA) , Rue Lepelletier. The old Opera-house in the rue de Richelieu was closed Feb. 13, 1820, in consequence of the assassination of the Duc de Berry. The present edifice was erected by Debret, and opened in the summer of 1821. The principal front is towards the rue Lepelletier. In the interior four tiers ofboxes are supported by Corinthian columns painted blue and enriched with gilding. The scenery and machinery at this theatre are admirable. Nothing can exceed the splendour with which the ballets are got up, or the excellence of the dancing ; and the orchestra is decidedly the best in Europe. The saloon, 168 feet in length, is brilliantly fitted up with lustres and mirrors. The performances are Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays. house will contain an audience of 1,937 persons, THEATRE FRANÇAIS, Rue de Richelieu, 6. This This theatre is consecrated to the performance of tragedy and comedy. It was begun by the Duke of Orleans in 1787, after designs by Louis, and has nothing striking in its exterior. The peristyle towards the rue de Riche- lieu presents pillars of the Doric order, forming ten arcades. Above is a range of Corinthian pilasters. A covered gal- lery, partly skirted by shops, extends round the edifice . In the centre of the vestibule is a splendid marble figure of Voltaire, by Houdon, represented in a sitting posture. The interior of the house, which was reconstructed by Fontaine in 1822, and which has been several times embel- lished, is elliptical. It contains three tiers of boxes and two galleries. The first and second tiers are supported by light pillars of cast iron ; but at the third tier a range of Doric columns, which supports the ceiling, produces a disagreeable effect. The proscenium is light and elegant. 304 THEATRES : The seats of the pit are furnished with backs. The saloon is only remarkable for the lustres and looking-glasses with which it is ornamented . The managers of this theatre are the principal actors, who form a society with joint interests. Places 1,500. OPERA COMIQUE, Place de la Bourse. The theatre rue Marsollier, rue Neuve-des-Petits-Champs, having proved an unsuccessful speculation in the hands of this company, they have since established themselves here. The façade of this theatre, built in 1827, is altogether insignificant. The interior is pretty, and favourable to the display of the toilet. Places 1,250. OPÉRA ITALIEN, Rue Favart. Erected in 1783. The façade is composed of six columns of the Ionic order, supporting an entablature. The inte- rior, which is of a circular form, presents four rows of boxes, and is richly ornamented with gilding. The saloon is handsome. The performances take place during the season on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays. Places 1,282. THÉATRE VENTADOUR, Rue Marsollier. This house, opened April 20, 1829, for the Opéra-Co- mique, was built after designs by Messrs. Huvé and de Guerchy. It is now occupied by a company who have con- structed beneath the stage a basin supplied with real water, for the purpose of performing nautical pieces, after the manner ofthe Sadler's Wells theatre in London. Great expectations were entertained of this speculation, but we question its chances of success with a public already dis- satisfied . The architecture of the principal front, towards the rue Neuve-des-Petits-Champs, is a mixture of the Doric and Ionic orders. The interior is of a semicircular form , ornamented with fluted composite columns, having richly VARIÉTÉS. 305 gilt capitals. The saloon is lighted up by seven splendid lustres. L'ODÉON. Place de l'Odéon. This theatre was first built in 1779, but has been twice destroyed by fire. It underwent a thorough repair in 1830. The façade towards the rue de l'Odéon presents a portico of eight Doric columns, ascended by nine steps. It is sur- rounded by a covered gallery, skirted with shops. The saloon is remarkably handsome. This was the first Parisian theatre lighted by gas. This theatre, though the only one on the southern bank of the Seine, has proved a remark- ably unsuccessful speculation. The companies of the Théâtre Français and the Opéra-Comique give occasional representations here. Places 1,800. THEATRE DU GYMNASE, Boulevard Bonne Nouvelle. Constructed in 1820, from designs by Messrs. Rougevin and Guerchy. The front is decorated with two rows of three quarter columns of the Ionic and Corinthian orders. The vestibule is small, but the saloon is spacious and highly ornamented. The performances here are confined to small comedies or vaudevilles, of one, two, or three acts , interspersed with songs. Places 1,040. VAUDEVILLE, Rue de Chartres. This theatre was opened in 1791 for representations of the same description as those at the Gy.nnase. Places 1,257. VARIÉTÉS, Boulevard Montmartre. Opened 1807, for the performance of farces and vaude- villes. Decorated with columns of the Doric and Ionic orders, though simple, the façade of this theatre produces a good effect. Places 1,240 . 26 * 306 THEATRES : THEATRE DU PALAIS ROYAL. This neat little theatre, built on the site of the Café de la Paix, and the ancient théâtre Montansier, is also dedicated to the representation of vaudevilles. Places 930. THÉATRE DE LA PORTE ST. - MARTIN, Boulevard St -Martin. This edifice is remarkable for having been planned, built, and decorated , in 1781 , in the short space of 75 days, for the reception of the company from the French Opera, which had been destroyed by fire. It underwent extensive repairs in 1830. The pieces performed here are dramas, melo-dramas, vaudevilles, ballets, and panto- mimes. Places 1,240. AMBIGU COMIQUE, Boulevard de Bondy. Erected in 1828, the ancient theatre on the boulevard du Temple having been destroyed by fire.. Melo-dramas, ballets, and pantomimes. Places 1,800 . CIRQUE OLYMPIQUE, Boulevard du Temple. For the exhibition of equestrian exercises, pantomimes , and melo- dramas, in which horses are made to perform . The former theatre having been destroyed by fire, this edi- fice was built in less than a twelvemonth, and opened March 31 , 1827. The front is almost destitute of architectural ornament, but is surmounted by two restive horses. The scenery at this house is generally of a superior description . Places 1,800. GAITÉ, Boulevard du Temple. Erected 1808. The same description of pieces as at the Ambigu. Places 1,254. THEATRES DE LA BANLIEUE. 307 THÉATRE DES FOLIES DRAMATIQUES, Boulevard du Temple. The façade of this little theatre, built upon the site of the ancient Ambigu-Comique, is far from inelegant. Farces, melo-dramas, and vaudevilles are performed here.. THÉATRE DE M. COMTE, Passage Choiseul. This is a neat little theatre for the representation of vaudevilles, in which the performers are children. Some of these juvenile actors display great talent. The performance begins at six. The Spectacle Acrobate de Mme. Saqui, the Funam- bules, the Soirées Dramatiques, and the Petit Lazari are little theatres on the boulevard du Temple, where there are daily representations of melo-dramas, farces, etc., commencing at from 5 to 6 o'clock. Admission from 4 to 40 sous. The Spectacle Forain du Luxembourg, rue du Fleurus. Admission from 6 to 15 sous. Ombres Chinoises, 121 , Palais Royal ; an amusement for children. Most of these small theatres give two representations on Sundays, and some of them on Mondays. Théâtre de Joly, passage de l'Opéra, for marionettes. Besides the above, there are 7 theatres in the environs of Paris, some of which are neat and commodious ; the Théatres de Belleville, Montmartre, and Mont- Parnasse, give daily representations . At the Théâtre de Grenelle there are representations on Sundays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays ; at the Théâtre des Thermes, barrière du Roule, on Sundays, Mondays, and Thursdays ; and , during summer, at the Théâtre de Ranelagh, beyond Passy, in the Bois de Boulogne, there are occasional representations. Batignolles, rue Lemercier, aux Batignolles-Monceau, Sundays and Thursdays. 308 THEATRES. TABLEHE PRICE OFPLACES INTHEATRES PARIS . NAMES THE OF PLACES . Frang. Opéra. Avant scène -1res des .192mes Avant -scène des ..750 Balcon ....... Balcon deuxièmes des .. Premières de..... ace Premières côte de...... 6Deuxièmes face de..... Deuxièmes decôté ………… ... 383 : 506 8 : 8 : Opéra- Comiq. 1.c.f ون L977 Gors .07 .COM400032 23 . 9 2 16 50... 250 b 10 Salle Ventad. LO 54 Italien.2 1545 Odéon. O 55 . 57 .30 30 42 1338 33 74 Porte- St- S Martin. ♡ 50 C JR3 3 3 • -34252222 .5 ន ន 1422142323222223 . 9 . 2

5:5

.42 Ambigu. Gaité. Variétés. Royal. Palaisville. VandeGymnas. 1422 .00 ¿ 95 ن 1555 · 5 2 112 8855 · 2221422 359 51 545 522 888 . 4444 3322 1 0 0 0 ∞ 300 233344 2354455 777 888 64465O LO LO LO 0 1330204 • 22 888 ::88 522 • 522 · · ~ 654 .622 50 •112 23 2 60213 Loges degalerie la....... 16 Première galerie ... Orchestre ............ 507 Baignoires face de..... Baignoires côté de.... Amphithéâtre ires.6 des Stalles ............... Troisièmes deface ..... Troisièmes de..... côté 3205Quatrièmes deface .... 350 Loges cintre du....... 250Deuxième galerie ...... Troisième galerie ..... Amphithéâtre . Parterre .... ……… 8 888 : 88 21 22:28 26 .12 Comle . Folies f.c dramat.11 Cirque. . g : g 50 59 2 75215/1 50|125] 309 EXHIBITIONS. DIORAMA, Rue Sanson, boulevard du Temple. • This is one of the most delightful exhibitions in Paris! Messrs. Daguerre and Bouton have succeeded in giving such truth and animation to the paintings exhibited here, as do honour to the arts in an epoch in which they possess so much splendour. These paintings, whose dimensions are 80 feet by 45, are seen in perspective, and the optical illusion produced is most complete ; it is impossible for the spectator to say at what distance he is removed from the object he is regarding. The amphitheatre is movable, and made to revolve with the spectator at intervals of a quarter of an hour, so that as one picture recedes the other comes gradually into view. After remaining some time in Paris, these paintings are exhibited in London. Open every day from 10 till 5.-Balcony, 3 fr.; Am phitheatre, 2fr. 30c. NEORAMA, Rue St.- Fiacre. In this exhibition the observer is placed in the midst of the scene represented. Here are two views, the interior of St. Peter's at Rome, and Westminster Abbey. Admit- tance to one picture, 2fr. 50c.; to both, 4fr. Open from 9 till 4, GEORAMA, Boulevard des Capucines. This exhibition consists of an immense transparent globe 120 feet in circumference, in the interior of which the spectator is placed, and whence he surveys every re- markable object in the known world, and obtains a cor- rect idea of the configuration of the earth. Open from 10 till 5. Admittance, 2fr.; children , Ifr. 310 PROMENADES : COSMORAMA, Passage Vivienne. In a dark chamber, eight or ten views of the most re- markable edifices, cities, or towns in the world, are exhitited every evening till 11 o'clock. The views are changed every month. Admission, 2fr. 50c.; Fridays, 5fr. CABINET D'ANATOMIE. This exhibition, rue Montesquieu, 4, consists of imita- tions in wax of anatomical preparations, displaying the effects of disease, etc. , on the human frame. COMBAT D'ANIMAUX, Barrière du Combat, Bull-baiting and cock-fighting do not find so many ama- teurs in this country as with us. In a building, however, near the barrière du Combat, on Sundays and fête-days, bulls, bears, and even wolves and asses, are tormented by a number of large dogs for the amusement of a certain class of society. PROMENADES. CHAMPS-ELYSÉES. This is one of the most frequented promenades in Pa- ' ris. It was planted with trees in the reign of Louis XIV. , before whose time it consisted only of open fields. The Champs-Elysées, however, are far from meriting the pompous name they have received . To persons pent up within the walls of a large city, any thing resembling the country affords relief and pleasure. Though every thing here is mean, even to the trees, which appear stinted of their proportions, and though the grass refuses to grow on this ungrateful soil-yet there is a semblance of the coun- try, which, together with the movement produced by the BOULEVARDS . 311 1 eternal concourse of visiters and idlers of every descrip- tion, the numerous games of address practising on all sides, the quantity of mountebanks and raree-shows, the swings and roundabouts, and the cafés, disseminated here and there, produces, to say the least, on a very fine sum- mer evening, pleasing and agreeable sensations. The en- trance from the place de la Concorde is ornamented with two superb statues, by Coustou, jun . , representing restive horses restrained by grooms. To the right is a rotunda and enclosed piece of ground, where, of a summer even- ing, from 6 till 9 o'clock, a band of 60 musicians execute not only all the chef-d'œuvres of the great masters of the art, but all the new and fashionable airs and concertos . The price of admission within the enclosure is, gentlemen Ifr. , ladies 50c. An annual promenade, called Long- champs, takes place here on the Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday in Passion week, which is attended by all de- scriptions of persons anxious to show off a brilliant equipage or a fashionable suit of clothes. The equipages, however, are of a very heterogeneous description , and being mixed up with hackney- coaches and cabriolets, are far from competing with an aristocratic turn-out during the season in Hyde Park. 1 BOULEVARDS . When by the increasing power of the nation Paris was no longer open to the insults of foreign invaders, the walls which served for a rampart were thrown down, and the boulevards traced on their site . The northern boulevard from the Madeleine to the Bastille was commenced in 1668. It is upwards of 5,000 yards in length, and is divided into parts or portions known by the following names, Boulevard de la Madeleine, des Capucines, des Italiens, Montmartre, Poissonnière, Bonne Nouvelle , St.- Denis, St.-Martin, du Temple, des Filles du Calvaire, Beaumarchais, and Bourdon. The foot pavements of these noble routes, in some places gravelled, in others paved with flag-stones, are bordered on each side with rows of trees, which occasionally bending over head and uniting their branches, form an agreeable protection from the sun. The elegant houses with which they are skirted, the nu- merous shops, the brilliant cafés, the everlasting succes- 312 PROMENADES : 2 sion of stalls glittering with a gaudy display of toys and trinkets, the diversified amusements, the tumblers, and conjurers, and the unceasing crowd of pedestrians bent on pleasure or business, give an eternal air offete to this promenade. On the boulevards des Italiens, Bonne Nou- velle, and du Temple, are crowds of loungers of both sexes seated on chairs, enjoying the cool of the evening, and criticising the fashions and their neighbours. The Boulevards du Midi, on the opposite bank of the river, finished in 1760, present quite a different aspect. At con- siderable distances one meets with a habitable house, or a jardin à l'Anglaise, but there is no bustle, no noise, and but few cafés. They begin at the rue d'Enfer and terminate at the Invalides, and form an agreeable promenade for those who like a solitary walk. The exterior boulevards, except in the immediate vicinity of the numerous villages which surround the metropolis, are still more dull and uninviting ; having, for the most part, elevated ground on the one side, and the city walls on the other, the view is naturally confined to the filthy roads, frequently in a bad state of repair. BOIS DE BOULOGNE. This wood, containing about 1,700 acres, extending from the village of Boulogne, near St. - Cloud, to Passy, and to within a short distance of the barrière de l'Etoile, is all that remains of the ancient forest of Rouvret. In the morning it is frequented as a ride or drive by those who possess horses and carriages, and as a promenade by the more humble class of citizens on Sundays and fête days. It is celebrated as a place of rendezvous for those whom a sense of honour urges to the practice of duelling. In 1815 the British troops, under the command of the Duke of Wellington, were encamped here. BOIS DE ROMAINVILLE, Beyond Belleville. This fine wood is much frequented by Parisians. Its diversified walks and alleys, its pleasant and romantic sites, the agreeable shade of its thickly tufted trees, have rendered it the favourite resort of lovers and the most numerous and respectable class of society, the middle TIVOLI. 313 class. It is here that observers should study the manners of Parisians, who in their parties of pleasure impose no restraint on the natural gaiety of their disposition. PARC DE MONCEAU, ` Faubourg du Roule: This park belongs to the reigning family. It was planted in 1778, and ornamented with Greek ruins, Gothic grot- toes, etc. , by M. Carmontel . It is not open to the public, but tickets of admission may be had on application to the Intendant du Duc d'Orleans, 9, place Vendome. JARDIN TURC, Boulevard du Temple. This garden and the café attached to it, were embellished in 1821 , at an expense of 200,000fr. The craa- ments are in the oriental style. The garden is diminutive, but delightfully laid out, in arbours, alcoves, and terraces, whence a fine view ofthe boulevards is obtained. TIVOLI, Rue de Clichy, 80. During the fine season the fêtes given in this garden on Sundays and Tuesdays are brilliant, and attended by the best society. The walks and lawns are pleasingly diver- sified, and the amusements as numerous and varied as can well be desired, consisting of balls, concerts, theatrical ex- hibitions, conjuring, different experiments, fire-works, etc. There are also galleries for exercise in the discharge of fire-arms. Admission, 3 to 6fr. according to the splen- dour of the fête. The charge for walking in the grounds during the day is Ifr. Refreshments of every description may be procured. The Chaumière, boulevard du Mont- Parnasse, and the Jardin des Montagnes Françaises, near the barrière des Trois Couronnes, are gardens on the same plan as that of Tivoli, though on a much smaller scale, for which a trifle 27 314 . CEMETERIES ད་ ་་་, · ༣ for admittance is demanded. Admission to the Elysée. Montmartre, near the barrière de Rochechouart, and the Jardin Montplaisir, near the barrière de Menilmontant, is gratis. WAUXHALL D'ÉTÉ, Rue de Bondi. In the gardens here balls and fêtes champêtres are given on Sundays, Mondays, and Thursdays during summer ; and in winter there is a rotunda for dancing. Concerts and assauts d'armes occasionally take place here. The company is very promiscuous. Admission, Ifr.; ladies, 50c. BALLS. Besides the above gardens, and the numerous guinguettes at every barrier, there are a number of ball-rooms in every quarter of Paris much frequented by all classes of so- ciety. Amongst them may be mentioned the Salon de Mars, Champs-Elysées ; the Tivoli d'Hiver, rue de GrenelleSt-Honoré, 45 ; the Prado, place du Palais de Justice ; the Salle du Retiro, rue du Faubourg- St.- Honoré, 30 ; Salle du Musée, rue Dauphine, 24 ; the Salon de Mars, rue du Bac, 75 ; and the Chaumière d'Hiver, passage du Saumon. The balls of Auteuil, Ranelagh, Sceaux, St. -Mandé, St.- Cloud, and some others, are very respectable, and fre- quented by the best society from Paris. CEMETERIES. The practice of burying the dead within the churchyards of Paris was discontinued in the year 1790, in consequence of a law passed by the National Assembly. An imperial decree was issued in 1804 ordering high ground to be chosen for cemeteries and every corpse to be interred at the depth of at least five or six feet ; and, in 1811 , a privileged company of undertakers were intrusted with the whole business of interment. The scale of charges for interments by this company, rue du Pas-de-la- Mule, 1 , is, for funerals of the first class 4,282fr.; second , 1,800fr.; CEMETERIES. 315 third, 700fr.; fourth, 250fr.; fifth, 100fr.; sixth, 16fr. 50c. to which 20fr. for municipal fees must be added, if the deceased be more than seven years old, and 10fr. if under that age. These, expenses include the transport of the body, the religious ceremonies, the digging of the grave, and the burial. It is calculated that a million of francs is paid annually by the inhabitants of Paris for funeral pro- cessions, 72 per cent of which, clear of all expense, is made over to government, and devoted to the repairing and embellishment of churches. Government has lately sanctioned other establishments of this kind: the bureaux of which are rue du faubourg St. -Denis, 183 ; rue St.- Marc, 18 ; and rue de Grenelle St. - Germain, 65. The cemeteries of Paris are four in number. 1. The Cimetière de l'Est (Père la Chaise) ; 2. Cimetière du Nord (Montmartre) ; 3. Cimetière du Sud (Mont- Parnasse) ; 4. Cimetière de Vaugirard, for executed criminals and bodies deposited in the Morgue ; the 5th cemetery is near that of Mont-Parnasse, and is used as a place of interment for those who die in the hospitals. The inhabitants of the 1st, 2d, 3d, and 4th arrondisements, unless they have purchased ground in any other cemetery, are interred at Montmartre ; those of the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and 9th, at Père- la-Chaise, and those of the 10th, 11th, and 12th, at Mont- Parnasse. The purchase of ground for ever, is made on week days, at the prefecture of the department of the Seine, Hôtel de Ville, bureau des communes ; and on Sundays and festivals at the different bureaux of the ceme- teries. The choice of cemetery can only be made on the purchase of ground for ever ; for which the following prices are demanded : 1 mètre, 268fr. 23c.; 2 mètres 532fr. 75c.; 3 mètres, 1063fr.; 4 mètres, 1593fr . 25c.; 5 mètres, 2389fr. 23c.; 6 mètres, 3184fr.; and for each mètre above that number 1000fr. Two mètres must be purchased for every person above the age of seven years. Two bodies cannot be interred in the same grave ; but a family possessing two mètres may construct a vault. For the purchase of temporary graves application should be made at the mairie of the arrondisement in which the deceased resided. They are held for six years, upon payment of 50fr. At the expiration of the allotted time they are re-opened and the monuments restored to those who erected them. These 316 CEMETERIES : graves, may, however, be retained for an indefinite time, on the regular payment, beforehand, of 50fr. for every successive period of five years. If afterwards purchased for ever a deduction of one of the sums of 50fr. paid for its temporary possession is made upon the price. Should a family wish on the death of one of its members to con- struct a vault, the body is interred in a temporary grave, which can only be re-opened by special commission from the prefect of polic ; and in the presence of a commissary of police for this ceremony the sum of 29fr. 60c. is de- manded. CIMETIÈRE DE L'EST (PÈRE-LA-CHAISE . ) This cemetery occupies a tract of hilly ground on the north-east of Paris, which had been formerly a possession of the Jesuits, into whose hands it fell in the year 1626. It derives its name from one of their number (père La- Chaise) who being appointed confessor to Louis XIV. in 1675, and having acquired the controul of the ecclesiastical affairs of the kingdom, was presented with this estate by that monarch as a mark of his approbation. At his death it was occupied as a country house bythe Jesuits . After the abolition of that order, in 1763, it was sold for the benefit of the creditors ; and was purchased by the prefect of the Seine and laid out as a cemetery in 1804 , under the direction of M. Brongniard . The entrance is adorned with cippi and funereal ornaments. On the gate is the following inscription : SCIO ENIM QUOD REDEMPTOR MEUS VIVIT, ET IN NOVISSIMO DIE DE TERRA SURRECTURUS SUM. Job, xix. 25. On the right side is inscribed, QUI CREDIT IN ME, ETIAM SI MORTUUS FUERIT, VIVET. John , xi . 25. And on the left, SPES ILLORUM IMMORTALITATE PLENA EST. Wisdom, iii. 4. PERE-LA- CHAISE. 317 The chapel in the centre of this ground is a neat edifice surmounted by a cross of white marble, receiving light by a window in the roof. It is 56 feet in length, 28 in breadth, and 56 in height. From the level ground in front an en- chanting prospect is obtained. A small space to the right, on entering, is set apart as a place of interment for Jews. The fosses communes are at the further extremity of the ground, to the left ; per- sons who cannot afford to purchase ground are interred here in trenches where the coffins are placed side by side, and covered with quick lime and soil to the depth of four or five feet. It would require a volume to notice all the tombs in this remarkable spot, and some weeks to visit them. We must content ourselves with a few passing observations on some of the most interesting ; amongst which is the tomb of Abelard and Heloisa to the right of the en- trance, near the Jews' burial-ground. It consists of a se- pulchral chapel of Gothic architecture, and was formed by M. Lenoir, out of the ruins of the celebrated oratoire of the Paraclet, founded by Abelard, of which Heloisa was the first abbess. Its form is a parallelogram, 14 feet by 11 , and its height is 24 feet ; a pinnacle 12 feet high rises from the centre of the roof, and four smaller ones of ex- quisite workmanship ornament the angles. Fourteen co- lumns, six feet in height, support ten arches surmounted by wrought cornices. There are four pediments ; the pincipal one contains two busts, and a bas- relief divided into three parts, of which the centre represents Mount Calvary; the left Abelard in his monastic dress ; and the right an angel holding in his arms the soul of Abelard : in the opposite pediment is a bas-relief of Abelard's funeral, and two roses ; the other pediments are adorned with roses only. This chapel contains the tomb built for Abelard by Peter the Venerable, at the priory of St. - Marcel. He is in a recumbent posture, with Heloisa by his side. The bas-reliefs round this sarcophagus represent the fathers of the church ; and inscriptions refer to the erection and removal of the monument. Beyond this cenotaph, further to the east, are monu- ments of Delambre, the astronomer, and Halle, the phy- sician. Turning to the right the visitor arrives at what 27 . 318 CEMETERIES : may be termed classic ground. He will observe the tombs of Hauy, the mineralogist ; Fourcroy, the chemist ; Van Spaendonck, an inimitable painter of flowers ; Chenier, the poet ; Bernardin de St. - Pierre ; Madame Dugazon , the actress ; Visconti, the antiquary ; Breguet, the cele- brated clock and watch-maker ; Messier, the astronomer ; Parny, the licentious author of the Guerre des Dieux ; Grétry, the composer ; Jacques Delille, the Virgil of France ; the Marquis de Boufflers ; Brongniard, the artist under whose direction this cemetery was laid out; Talma; Madame Blanchard, who perished in consequence of her balloon taking fire, in 1819 ; Mentelle, the geographer ; Mehul, the composer ; Petit, professor of natural philosophy at the Polytechnic school ; Mademoiselle Raucourt, the actress ; and the Abbé Gauthier. Further to the east we arrive at marble tombs of similar construction to Marshal Kellerman and his wife ; and not far from them, near the wall of the cemetery, is an interesting monument to the memory of the unfortunate Labedoyère. Beyond, at an angle formed by two paths, is the spot where Marshal Ney was buried. Still further on is a cippus of black marble, on which is inscribed the name of the Comte de Fontanes ; to the left of this will be found the tomb of Beaumarchais . Still farther on is a costly monument of Italian marble to the memory of the Princess Demidoff, and the family vault of Marshal Davoust. On an eminence called the Carré Massena is a monument to that general, consisting of a lofty pyramid. Contiguous is a sarcophagus of white marble, in memory of Marshal Lefebvre ; beyond, to the right, is the tomb of the Duc de Decrés, formerly Minister of the Marine ; it bears some resemblance to the monument of Lefebvre, but is composed of stone. The next object which attracts the eye is the mausoleum of the Abbé Sicard. On the most elevated part of the cemetery, called the Belvidere, is a monument to the memory of Madame Cot- tin ; to the north east of which is a stone pyramid in honour of Volney, and to the west are the tombs of Gene- ral Foy, Manuel, and Benjamin Constant, and an elegant monument to Camille Jordan ; near the latter is a small cippus in white marble, denoting the burial place of the PERE-LA-CHAISE. 319 Marquise de Beauharnais. Further north, close to each other are monuments to Molière and Lafontaine. As might be expected funeral monuments of every form and every fashion, are to be found in this city of the dead. Here is an ancient temple with its portico, naye, and altar ; there a sarcophagus ; further on is a column sur- mounted with a funereal urn, or an obelisk . In fine, there are some which consist merely in a heap of stones. The most remarkable of these monuments are perhaps those of the Russian Princess Demidoff, of Massena, of Suchet, of Lefebvre. The monument Demidoff is in the form of a temple in white marble, ornamented with ten columns of a bastard Doric in very bad taste. That to Massena is more simple, being composed of an obelisk formed of one single stone, elevated upon a cube which serves for a pedestal. This monument would be irre- proachable were it not too heavy ; there are many in this ground inferior to it in volume, but which surpass it in the elegance of their proportions. The enormous quadrangular pile of granite raised to the memory of Marshal Suchet, is, to say the best of it, in bad taste ; and as much may be said of the large sarcophagus in marble erected to the Maréchal Lefebvre. There are a number of constructions in marble which we have no room to notice, more or less worthy of praise ; amongst the best of them may be cited those of General Caulincourt, duc de Vicenze ; of Percy ; and of Chardin. Very many of the monuments in this cemetery are in the shape of chapels or temples of hewn stone, and resemble each other in their general structure, being for the most part in the form of a parallelogram covered with a roof elevated in the centre. They are reminiscences of the temples of antiquity, such as the Maison- Carrée, at Nismes, or the temple of Theseus, at Athens, and are ge- nerally ornamented with two columns of the Grecian Doric order. The monument to General Foy presents a large base- ment, on which is erected an open temple, sustained by four fluted columns of the Doric order. It has an elevated roof, presenting pediments at each extremity. The stranger cannot leave this ground without remark- ing the numerous and affecting monuments of the humbler 320 CEMETERIES. classes of society ; the mementos erected by parents over their children are at once the most numerous and the most touching from the expressions of tenderness and re- gret with which they are covered. Who can regard , and not be moved almost to tears, that little garden cultivated with so much care, those flowers, those crowns, nay, those white curtains so constantly and so carefully renewed ? A mother's affections are interred there in the grave of her child. On viewing the costly monuments with which this spacious cemetery of 90 acres in extent is covered , the visitor will not be surprised to learn that it has been calculated that during the thirty years this ground has now been devoted to its present purpose no less a sum than 100,000,000 francs (upwards of £4,000,000 sterling) have been ex- pended in their erection. CIMETIÈRE DU NORD (MONTMARTRE) . This cemetery, 40 acres in extent, was the first opened after the suppression of the burial grounds in the city. Here also are a number of costly monuments, which to- gether with the irregularity of its site bestow an air of magnificent and picturesque beauty on this burying ground. The most prominent monument is a lofty stone obelisk to the memory of the Duchesse de Montmorency. The other tombs remarkable as monuments are those to the families of Blomaert, Caccia, Charrière, Woidier, etc. Here also are vaults in which are interred the families of Voyer d'Argenson, d'Aguesseau , Segur, and Sevestre. The tombs of St.-Lambert ; of Greuze, the painter ; of Madame Dubocage ; and of the sculptor Pigale are already falling to decay. CIMETIÈRE DE VAUGIRARD, Near the barriere de Sèvres. This is the second cemetery that was opened, and was employed during 25 years as a burial place for those who died in the hospitals, and for the inhabitants of the faubourg St.-Jacques. There are but few monuments in this ground which is only about 4 acres in extent ; amongst them, however, will be distinguished those of the Duc de Nivernois, of La Harpe, of the sculptor Chaudet, and of CATACOMBS. 321 the chancellor de Barentin, and Clairon the actress. cemetery has been closed since the year 1824. CIMETIÈRE DE STE.-CATHERINE. This This burying-ground is within the walls of Paris in the rue des Francs- Bourgeois-St.-Marcel, but it has been closed since the year 1815. The only interesting monument is that erected to General Pichegru, who was interred here in 1804. CIMETIÈRE DU SUD (MONT-PArnasse) . This burying-ground occupying about 30 acres of level ground onthe south side of Paris, was first opened in 1824. It contains yet but few monuments entitled to notice ; amongst them may be observed the tombs of the Marquis d'Aguesseau, the last of that illustrious family ; of M. Henrion de Pensey, first president of the Court of Cas- sation; ofthe Comte de Montmorency Laval ; of the Baron Dupin, etc. , etc. CIMETIÈRE DE PICPUS, Rue de Reuilly. This is a small cemetery within the walls of the city, where many of the victims of the Revolution, beheaded near the barrière du Trone, were interred . Their relatives purchased the ground and prepared sepulchres for them- selves. The society to whom it belongs sometimes grant permission to strangers to be buried here. It has lately received (June 16, 1834), the remains of General Lafayette. CATACOMBS. The Catacombs of Paris are formed in the immense stone quarries which extend not only under a large tract of ground beyond the barrières d'Enfer and St. - Jacques, but under almost the whole of the southern faubourgs of the capital. It is impossible, at this time to ascertain the 322 CATACOMBS. epoch in which these quarries were first worked. Up to the 12th century the palaces, temples, and other public monuments of the town were constructed of stone pro- cured from the quarries of this faubourg, and from those which were afterwards opened to the south of the ramparts of the town, now occupied by the place St.-Michel, the Odeon, the Pantheon, the Chartreux, and the barrières d'Enfer and St. - Jacques, where the Catacombs have been constructed. The abandonment of these ancient quarries, and the falling in or filling up of the openings which led to them, had condemned them to forgetfulness, when, in 1774, several serious accidents attracted the attention of government, and made known at once the extent of the peril , and the necessity of adopting prompt and efficacious rémedies. A general visit and plans of the excavations were immediately ordered , and it was found, as tradition had long affirmed, that the thickly populated quarters of the south of Paris, were in imminent danger of being 'swallowed up in these gulfs. The peril was so much the greater as every point was exposed, and it was ne- cessary to begin at once in every quarter. Unfortunately there were no data by which they could regulate the conduct necessary to be pursued in remedying this frightful evil or arresting its progress. The alarm became general ; and on the 4th April, 1777, a special commission was named for the ordering and executing such operations . as the more or less menacing state of the ancient exca- vations required. At this period an order in council created the Administration Générale des Carrières ; and M. Charles-Axel Guillamot was named first inspectorgeneral. The day of his nomination was signalised by an event which increased the alarm already entertained by the inhabitants of this part of the town, and proved to the new inspector the necessity of prompt measures : a house in the rue d'Enfer being precipitated into a gulf 90 feet below the level of the street. These quarries have been carefully and minutely examined , and every quarter where danger existed has been secured by substantial pillars. They now form the counter-part of Paris ; the position of every street and every house being known and marked ; and the workmen transport themselves from one part to another of these quarries with as much and even greater facility CATACOMBS. 323 than on the surface, so that accidents, are of rare occur- rence. The idea of forming the catacombs in these ancient quarries is due to M. Lenoir, lieutenant de Police ; the works were commenced under the direction of M. Guil- lamot. The bones in these vaults were procured from the different church-yards and burial-places within the walls of Paris, but more especially from the cemeteries of the Innocents, St.-Eustache, and St. -Etienne- des-Grès. That portion of the quarries destined to their reception lies south of the barrière d'Enfer. There are two entrances to the Catacombs, one near the barrière d'Enfer, by which visitors are admitted ; the other is to the east, near the old road to Orleans. A third entrance, in the field known by the name of the Tombe Issoire, has not been used since the field was sold. The ceremony of consecration was performed on the 7th April, 1786, and on the same night the removal of the bodies commenced. The bones were borne to their destination by torch-light, in funeral cars, followed by priests chaunting the service for the dead ; they were carefully cleaned, and arranged under the direction of M. Héricart de Thouret. The name of "the Catacombs " was given to this re- ceptacle of the dead, in imitation of similar excavations appropriated to the same purpose, in Rome, Milan, Naples, and Thebes. The entrance is by a winding staircase of 90 steps . Visitors must be accompanied by a guide, and provide themselves with wax tapers ; after proceeding about half a mile, they arrive at the vestibule of the Ca- tacombs. On each side the entrance is a Tuscan pilaster ; and over the door is the following inscription : Has ultra metas requiescunt beatam spem expectantes. "Beyond these bounds rest the dead awaiting the joyful , hope of immortality. " The walls of the vestibule are lined with bones from the floor to the roof; the bones of the arms, legs, and thighs are in front, closely and neatly piled together, the uniformity of which is relieved by rows of sculls at equal distances. The smaller bones are thrown behind. This gallery conducts to rooms containing chapels, in one of 324 CATACOMBS . which the Salle du Memento, near the fountain of the Samaritan, the following simple inscription awakens feelings of deep interest : D. M. II et III Sepmbr. 1792. " To the memory of the victims of the 2d and 3d Sep- tember, 1792." The bones are concealed behind a black wall. Other inscriptions indicate the spot in which were interred other victims of the events of that disastrous period. In another chamber the following inscription is calculated to awaken feelings of a very different kind : Ici sont inhumés LXXXVII mètres cubes d'ossemens recueillis dans le cimetière des Innocens du 19 Janvier au 19 Mars, 1811 . "Here are interred 87 cubic metres of bones collected from the cemetery of the Innocents, between the 19th Jan. and the 19th March, 1811." Amongst a number of other inscriptions, on a rock, behind the sarcophagus of the lacrymatory, called the Tombeau de Gilbert, may be read the following lines ex- tracted from a poem of this unfortunate poet, who died in the Hôtel-Dieu, in the flower of his age : Au banquet de la vie, infortuné convive, J'apparus un jour et je meurs : Je meurs, et sur ma tombe, cù lentement j'arrive Nul ne viendra verser des pleurs. Soyez béni, mon Dien, vous qui daignez me rendre L'Innocence et son noble orgeuil ! Vous qui, pour protéger le repos de ma cendre, Veillerez près de mon cercueil ! Amongst other objects remarked in these subterranean apartments is , a collection of the fossil remains, mineral productions, and spars which these quarries afford , formed under the superintendence of M. Gambier Lapierre. An assemblage of diseased bones, and sculls of remarkable structure, scientifically arranged , by M. Hericart de Thouret ; - CATACOMBS. 325 and the Fontaine de la Samaritaine, so called on account of the inscription upon it taken from the gospel according to St.-John. Four Cyprins dorés, or gold fish, were put into this basin on the 25th of November, 1813. They are perfectly tame, and answer to the signs and the voice of the superintendant ; they appear to have grown in this un- natural situation, but have not spawned. Three of them have preserved their fine colour, but the fourth presents some shades which distinguish it from the others. Part of the Catacombs have been formed in an inferior stage of the excavations, which have been made to com- municate with the upper story by large open staircases . In one of these inferior stages a workman of the name of Décure, who had been a soldier, amused his leisure hours by carving in the rock a plan of Port Mahon, where he had long been detained a prisoner. He was occupied five years upon his favourite work, from 1777 to 1782. Décure worked in solitude and silence, the entry to this cave being almost impracticable to any but himself. When he had terminated it, he wished to construct a commodious staircase ; but in placing the last pillar, having taken his dimensions improperly, part of the roof gave way, by which he was so dangerously wounded that he died shortly after. Near this chamber is a curiosity, which is not always shown to strangers. Some enormous stones are so nicelybalanced that they rock with every touch, and threaten the beholder with destruction ; yet in this equilibrium they have probably remained for centuries, and it would require great force to displace them. A faint mouldering smell pervades these caverns, but not to any unpleasant degree. It is certain that the remains of more than three millions of human beings are entombed here ; some writers have estimated them at six millions. Having quitted the Catacombs, the stranger follows a black line traced on the roof, which conducts him to another staircase 600 yards east of the road to Orleans, which he had crossed under ground. In consequence of requisite repairs, it is now difficult to obtain admission to these vaults ; which can only be pro- cured on application, by letter, to M. le Directeur des Tra- vaux des Monumens Publics, rue de l'Université, 29. 28 ENVIRONS OF PARIS. The villages and towns which surround the capitals of large countries are always rich in historical recollections, or noted for the residence of great men, naturally drawn towards the metropolis, where their talents find more ready employment, and their genius freer scope. Many of the villages in the vicinity of Paris have still another claim to the stranger's attention ; viz. , the beauty of their site ; most of them being built on un- dulated or hilly ground, commanding fine views of the neighbouring country, where the never- ending Seine is constantly to be seen winding its devious path in every di- rection. Many of them, as Vincennes, Meudon, St.-Germain, are in the vicinity of large woods, traversed in every direction by fine routes and pathways, forming agreeable walks. And others are ornamented with superb castles or elegant country seats. We shall give such descriptions and historical notices of each as the limited nature of our work will admit ; adding, of course, the number of inhabitants, the distance of each place from Paris, the fète-days, and the places whence conveyances may be procured . ALFORT. This village, celebrated for its veterinary school, founded by Bourgelet, in 1766 , is situated on the south-east of Paris, near to Charenton, at the confluence of the Seine and Marne, This school is under the peculiar patronage of government, and is destined to the instruction of young men who devote themselves to this branch of the healing art. It possesses a library, composed chiefly ofworks relating to domestic zoology, and a cabinet of pathology and comparative anatomy ; there are besides vast hospitals for the treatment of diseased animals, forges, a chemical and ENVIRONS OF PARIS. 327 experimental laboratory, a botanic garden, a school of practical agriculture, ground for the cultivation of forage, some flocks of sheep and Thibet goats, for experiments upon the mixture of the breeds, and the improvement of wool; a chapel which also serves for the inhabitants of the village ; and an amphitheatre, in which lectures are de- livered by the most eminent professors, amongst whom have figured Daubenton and Foureroy, on the anatomy and physiology of every domestic animal, the treatment oftheir diseases, and their management in the field and stable, natural history, botany, pharmaceutical chemistry, the ma- teria medica, the operations ofthe forge, veterinary juris- prudence, and the theory and practice of rural economy. Sick animals are treated here gratuitously ; the only charge made being that for the keep, which in the case of a horse amounts to 2fr. 50c. per day, of a dog, 60c. The pupils here are admitted gratuitously, as boarders paying 334fr. per annum, which does not include clothing, books, and necessary instruments, or as half-boarders. The Minister of War sends 40 pupils to this school destined for vete- rinary service in the cavalry, who are received between the ages of 16 and 25. The duration of their studies is four years ; their qualifications are a knowledge of reading, writing, arithmetic, and smith's work ; their number is limited to 300. This school is for the reception of young men from the northern departments of France ; those from the south gain admittance into a school founded on the same principle at Lyons. This establishment, where stran- gers are received with great civility, may be visited every day. On Sundays there is a bal champetre in the park, at the expense of the pupils. Alfort contains only 1,269 in- habitants. Conveyances : rue des Tournelles, 20 ; and place de la Bastille. ANTONY, This village, seated on the Bièvre, is about 2½ leagues from Paris, on the road to Orleans. The church is remarkable for its beautiful choir ; the steeple, in the shape of a pyramid, dates from the 14th century. Here are a manufactory of wax, and wax candles, and some excellent stone and plaster quarries. Population : 1,194. Fête : second Sunday in May. Conveyances : place St.-Michel. 328 ENVIRONS ARCUEIL . The name of this little village, seated in the valley of the Bièvre, is derived from the aqueduct constructed over this rivulet. (See page 225.) It is situated at about three quarters of a league south-west of the barrière d'Enfer.. The inhabitants, who, according to the last census, amount- ed to 1,816, for the most part, find employment in working the extensive stone quarries in the immediate neighbourhood, in farming, or in washing. The Church, which dates from the 13th century, is remarkable for the delicate sculpturing of the choir and porch. The country around Arcueil is pleasing, and abounds with country houses. In one of which Berthollet, the celebrated chemist, used to assemble his distinguished pupils, for the purpose of making experiments. Etienne Jodelle, who was the first to write a regular tragedy, with choruses, in the French language, lived here about the middle of the 16th century ; he also wrote a comedy in five acts, entitled Eugène, ou la Rencontre. In the centre of the village may be observed a large house, called l'Aumonerie, formerly inhabited by the notorious Marquis de Sade, whose flagitious and profligate life led him from prison to prison during the course of 29 years ; having been condemned to confinement no less than 11 times. He terminated his career in the madhouse at Charenton, in 1814. Fête : October 9. ances : rue du Pont de Lodi, and place St. -Michel. ARGENTEUIL. ConveyThis is an ancient market-town about 2½ leagues north- west of Paris. Its abbey was rendered conspicuous by having had for its prioress the far-famed Heloisa, so cele- brated for her wit, beauty, and misfortunes. Here she re- mained till she retired to the Paraclet erected by Abelard at Nogent-sur-Seine, and given up to her when he re- moved to the abbaye de St. -Gildas, at Ruys. Argenteuil was formerly noted for the excellence of its wine ; but it is now proverbial for the reverse. Figs and asparagus are grown in great quantities in the neighbourhood. An en- gagement took place here between the allied troops andthe French on the 2d June, 1815. Inhabitants : 4,542. - Con- veyances : rue de Rivoli, 4. OF PARIS. 329 ARNOUVILLE. A small village of 277 inhabitants, four leagues north of Paris. Louis XVIII. passed three days in the château of this place previous to his entry into Paris, in July, 1815. The park, which contains about 300 acres, is beautifully diversified with groves, lawns, cascades, and sheets of water. The streets of this village centre in a spacious lawn, ornamented with a fountain. Conveyances : rue du fau- bourg St.-Denis, 51 . ASNIERES Is pleasantly situated on the banks of the Seine, about 1 league north-west of Paris. It contains a number of country-seats, and a château formerly belonging to the Comte d'Argenson, built by Mansard. The Seine was formerly crossed here bya ferry, but a large wooden bridge has been lately erected, on which a toll of 1 sou per passenger is collected . Inhabitants : 519. Conveyances : rue Montmartre, 53. AUBERVILLIERS. This village, about 1½ league from the barrier of La Villette, is seated in a fertile plain, which affords an abun- dant supply of vegetables for the Paris market. Here was formerly a noted statue of Notre- Dame-des-Vertus, to which pilgrims resorted. This village was destroyed in the war against the Armagnacs, but was rebuilt by dona→ tions from devout pilgrims. It was taken and retaken several times by the Prussians and French in 1815. Inha- bitants : 2,230. Conveyances : rue du faubourg St.- Denis, 12. AULNAY-LES- BONDY Is a small village 3 leagues north-east of Paris. It pos- sesses a château ; in the park are specimens of all the trees naturalised in France. Conveyances : rue St. -Martin, 254. AUTEUIL. This delightful village is situated about a league to the west of Paris, on an eminence near the entrance to the Bois de Boulogne. The first mention made of it in public 28 * 330 ENVIRONS acts, under the name of Altoulium, occurs in the 12th cen- tury. It was formerly much celebrated for the excellence of its wines, a reputation which it has since lost, in common with many others. A more lasting claim to celebrity, and one less likely to be lost, is that which it has acquired from having been the retreat of many remarkable per- sonages : Boileau, Lafontaine, Molière, and Racine, frequently withdrew there from the poetical world ; and Franklin often regrets in his letters the happy and pleasant hours he spent in the midst of a society at once gay and philosophical. A circumstance, not so well known, is that the same lady (Madame Helvetius) who received the philosopher Franklin, was also frequently visited by General Bonaparte, on his return from his splendid campaigns in Italy. On his attempting, however, to renew the inti- macy, after his return from Egypt, and when his ambition became no longer a matter of doubt, he was coolly given to understand that his visits were no longer agreeable. Many of the villas are handsome ; and the whole village presents an air of neatness and comfort not often to be met with even in the environs of the capital. The porch and tower of the church are of ancient construction ; the building itself is a modern addition, so late as the beginning of the 17th century. There is a monument in the churchyard to the memory of the Chancellor d'Aguesseau ; it consists of a pyramid surmounted by a globe and cross, gilt. Balls are given beneath the trees during the summer months : the company is select. This village possesses a public fountain, a mineral spring, and an establishment of baths. Population : 2,764. Fête : Aug. 15, and Sunday following. Conveyances : rue Valois-Batave, 8 ; and place de la Concorde. BAGATELLE Is a small but elegant country- seat situated at the ex- tremity of the Bois de Boulogne, between Longchamps and Madrid, not far from the banks of the river. Bagatelle was originally the acquisition of Mademoiselle de Charolois. On her death the Comte d'Artois, afterwards Charles X., anxious to preserve this favourite abode of pleasure and the arts, made the purchase of it. He built the present castle in 64 days, placing the following Latin inscrip- OF PARIS. 331 tion over the entrance : Parva sed apta-" Small but snug." The castle was then indifferently called Bagatelle, er Folie d'Artois ; the original name has, however, pre- dominated. It is hardly possible to imagine such an epitome of elegance, ease, and convenience, as that presented by Bagatelle. Nothing can surpass the beauty of the site and surrounding landscape. It became the property of the Duke of Berry. The grounds present a fine bowling- green ; a canal ; a grotto ; an artificial hill, from the top of which there is a view of Neuilly, Sèvres, St. - Cloud, and Mont Calvaire ; an ice-house ; a second grotto ; a rock crowned by a Gothic pavilion ; a hill from which water falls , and a cascade ; a hermitage, cottage, and phea- santry. BAGNEUX Is pleasantly situated on an eminence overlooking the road to Orleans, 1½ league from Paris. This village has respectable claims to antiquity ; it is frequently cited under the name of Baniolum in charters bearing date 9th, 10th, and 11th centuries. Father Daniel, the historian, is of opinion that Bagneux existed so early as the 6th century, proving his assertion by means of a piece of moneywhich he pretends was coined there during the reign of King Caribert. Benicourt, the favourite of Cardinal Richelieu, and one of his most confidential emissaries, built a beautiful house here, which cost the enormous sum of 300,000 livres ; a pavilion contiguous to the building was the scene of many horrible transactions, the secret of which was not discovered till the Revolution ; it was then found out that the pavilion had served for a human slaughter-house. A well, 100 feet in depth, the opening of which had been choked up, was found on examination to contain the bones of more than forty bodies, and vestiges of clothes, with watches, jewels, and money. The foundation of the church of Bagneux dates from the 13th century ; the porch, however, is of much higher antiquity, representing in a basrelief, God accompanied by four angels, carrying candle- sticks. The wine produced here is rather esteemed ; there are besides several lime and stone quarries . Population : $85. Conveyances : place St. - Michel. 332 ENVIRONS BAGNOLET, A small village a league and a half east of Paris, is si- tuated in an agreeable valley between Montreuil and Ro- mainville. Here are manufactories of pasteboard and wax candles, and a number of stone and plaster quarries. Many peaches are cultivated in the neighbourhood . Population : 1,099 . Fête : first Sunday in November. Con- veyances : rue St. - Martin, 247. BATIGNOLLES (LES) . A small village, which has sprung up within the last three or four years, near the barrière de Clichy. Consi- dered as a faubourg it is undoubtedly one of the most ele- gant in the capital ; the houses erected here bearing com- parison with some of the best in Paris. Conveyances : Batignollaises, cloître St.- Honoré. BELLEVILLE. This large village is delightfully situated on an eminence at a short distance north- east of Paris, commanding a fine view of the capital and the surrounding country. It is a place of great antiquity, and was formerly known by the name of Savegium, Savia, and Savie. In the most elevated part of the town are some vestiges of a house, which still retains the name of Ferme de Savie, inhabited by some of the kings of the first race, where some pieces of coin have been occasionally discovered, bearing the in- scription Savi. The poet Favart resided at Belleville, and was interred in the church here ; a structure which dates from the 17th century. In the surrounding country are many agreeable country-houses, and boarding schools for both sexes. Here, and at the Courtille, are many guinguettes, dancing shops, and restaurans. The stranger should visit the celebrated Ile d'Amour, near the centre of the town. A bloody engagement took place at Belleville on the 30th March, 1814, between the French under the Duc de Raguse, and the Russians under the command of General Rayefski, in which the French, with the advan- tage of position, were not beaten till overpowered by num- bers. Population : 8,179. Fête : June 24, and following Sunday. Conveyances : Citadines, place des Petits- Pères. OF PARIS. 333 BELLEVUE. Walking on the banks of the Seine, Madame de Pompa- dour was so struck with the noble prospect which this spot affords, that she determined to erect a château here, and make it her favourite residence. Having been purchased by a M. Guillaume, ancient maîtres des requêtes, in 1823, be demolished the château, and traced the plan of one of the most delightful villages in the neighbourhood of Paris. It lies between Meudon and Sèvres, about two leagues west of Paris, and commands a fine view of the valley of the Seine, studded with country seats, crowned in the distance by the monuments and towers of the capital, affording a perspective of no ordinary beauty. The bals champêtres are frequented by good society, and are as well conducted as those of Sceaux, Ranelagh, and St.- Cloud . Fête : Aug. 15, and Sunday following. Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 6; rue Dauphine, 37. BERCY. This is a large village agreeably situated on the right bank of the Seine, at a short distance south-east of Paris, beyond the barrière de la Rapée. It is the chief entrepôt for the wines, brandies, and oils , destined for the consumption ofthe capital . On the 31st of July, 1820, a fire broke out in the buildings of the entrepôt, which raged with fury, destroying every thing contained in them : the wine flowed about in torrents. Many merchants lost their whole fortune here, and most of them suffered more or less ; but not a single life was lost. Population : 3,939. Fête first Sunday after September 8. Conveyances : Or- léanaises, place du Louvre. BICÊTRE. A small village south- east of the barrière d'Italie , which derives its name from an ancient castle built in 1290, by John, Bishop of Winchester ; and called by the French Château de Wincestre, Bichestre, Bicestre, Bicêtre. This castle has been several times destroyed and rebuilt. The present edifice, which serves for the double purpose of an hospital and a prison (see pp. 237, 249) , was built by Louis XIII. in the beginning of the 17th century. There are 334 ENVIRONS nany stone quarries in the neighbourhood. Population : 3,500. Conveyances : quai de la Cité, 29. BONDY. This village, celebrated for its forest, formerly the haunt of robbers, is agreeably situated three leagues east of Paris, in the midst of a fertile plain, at a short distance from the canal de l'Ourcq. A long and murderous con- flict took place here on the 27th March, 1814, between the Prussians and the French. The Emperor of Russia and the King of Prussia made it their head-quarters ; and quitted it on the 31st, at the head of their troops, to make their triumphal entry into Paris. Population : 2,385. Conveyances : rue Ste . -Appoline, 11 ; faubourg St. - Denis , 60; and rue St.-Martin, 247. BOULOGNE. This is a large and pleasantly situated village about one league west of Paris, between the wood of the same name and the banks of the Seine, and within a short distance of St.-Cloud. Some Parisians who had made a pilgrimage to Notre-Dame of Boulogne- sur-Mer, obtained permission to construct a church here in 1319. It is from this circumstance that the village has obtained its present appel- lation having formerly been called Menus-les- St. - Cloud . A commerce is carried on in wood, iron, and charcoal, and a great many washerwomen reside here. Population : 5,391 . Conveyances : rue Duphot, 8 ; and place de la Concorde. BOURG-LA-REINE. Avillage two leagues south of Paris, on the high road to Orleans. Whence it derives its name is a mystery ; but it is certain that it was known by the appellation of Burgus Reginæ so early as the 12th century. A house here is said to have been built by Henry IV. for his mistress , Gabrielle d'Estrées ; and apartments are shown, which are said to be in the same state as when she occupied them. It was at Bourg- la-Reine that was terminated the ex istence of the unfortunate Condorcet, in 1794. The house in which this proscribed republican was concealed at Paris, being threatened with a domiciliary visit, he escaped in OF PARIS. 335 disguise, and wandered about the country in the neigh- bourhood of Clamart and Fontenay. A M. Saard had gone to Paris to procure him a passport, but having entered a cabaret to take some refreshment, his agitation was perceived by an agent of the Convention, who was there by accident, and who immediately demanded his papers. Not being able to produce them, he was arrested and conducted to Bourg-la-Reine to be transported to Paris. It was under these circumstances that he swallowed the poison with which he had previously provided himself. Such was the end of a philosopher who had spent his entire life in enlarging the circle of human knowledge, and in per- fecting the political connexions which ought to cement so- ciety. He was interred in the church-yard here ; but there is not even a stone to show the spot in which repose the remains ofthe perpetual Secretary ofthe Academy of Sciences. The cattle-market, called Marché de Sceaux, is held every Monday, near Bourg- la-Reine. Population : 997 . Conveyances : place St.-Michel. BRIE-SUR-MARNE. A small village on the summit of an eminence on the banks of the Marne, three leagues east of Paris. The principal château is a handsome building ; the park exten- sive ; and some of the views picturesque. BUC. This village, situated near the source of the Bièvre, 4½ leagues south-west of Paris, is built partly on the summit, and partly on the declivity of a hill . The situation of Buc is peculiarly striking. The eye is attracted by the delightful picture presented by the valley in the direction of Ver- sailles and Jouy. To enjoy it, however, the spectator must be on a level with the aqueduct, one of the numerous monuments of Louis XIV. , consisting of 19 arches, constructed for the purpose of conveying water to Versailles from the pools of Saclé, Trou- Salé, and St. - Hubert. Population : 600. Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 6. BUTTE ST. - CHAUMONT Is the name given to a lofty rock between Belleville and Pantin. Gypsum being constantly taken from the emi- 336 ENVIRONS nence, a large cavity is formed, presenting a curious ap- pearance, being accessible to the light of day on one side, and on the other lighted by the torches of the workmen. The nearest way is by the barrière du Combat. CALVAIRE, OR MONT-VALERIEN. These are names given to one of the highest mountains which bound the horizon of the capital . It is situated 24 leagues west of Paris, on the left bank of the Seine, be- tween the roads to Versailles and St.-Germain. This mountain is thought to have derived its name from Valerian, father to the Emperor Gallian. Be that as it may, this commanding eminence early attracted the attentio of pious personages. In 1400 it was already inhabited by an anchorite, much celebrated for the austerity of his life and the narrowness of his cell. The early hermits of Mont-Valerien erected three large crosses on the eminence, in commemoration of Mont- Calvaire and the crucifixion of Christ. One Hubert Charpentier, a young licentiate of the Sorbonne, struck with the idea of such a similarity, deter- mined to establish a community upon it for the purpose of maintaining the worship of the Cross ; which the Calvinists had attempted to abolish. In 1633, through the in- tercession of Richelieu, he obtained permission of Louis XIII. to build a church of the Holy Cross, and a convent for the reception of the priests destined to its service. The convent and immunities were sold, in 1663, twelve years after the death of their founder, Charpentier. The purchase was made by the Jacobins ; but the transaction not being ratified by the chapter of Paris, both parties had recourse to violence. In the sort of siege which took place, the priests and Jacobins, each supported by their allies, presented the appearance of two regular armies. After an engagement in which a baker lost his life, and several peasants were wounded or taken prisoners, the Jacobins carried their point. The King, however, commanded the parlement to take cognizance of the affair, and by a de- cree, passed in 1664, the whole was restored to the original possessors. The monks, not satisfied with simply repre- senting the crucifixion, laid out the whole eminence in such a way as to represent the principal actions and circumstances of Christ's passion. They also constructed OF PARIS. 337 behind the high altar of their church a model of the tomb of our Saviour ; all the figures, which were numerous, were as large as life. The religious ceremonies observed here on Holy Thurs- days and Good Fridays gave rise to certain scandals, which rendered it necessary to put a stop to them. Those and other disorders were reformed in 1697 ; and the two communities, both the monks and hermits, suppressed by a decree of the Assemblée Constituante , in 1791. The church and convent were utterly destroyed by Napoleon's grenadier guards, despatched there for the purpose of ar- resting the priests, and levelling the church and convent with the ground ; an order which they accomplished in one night. Napoleon caused a barracks to be constructed on the eminence ; the building was on the point of being finished, and was only interrupted by the fatal reverse of 1814. Since that period Mont-Valerien was given to the fathers of the faith, a religious body which inherited more than one of the monuments demolished during the empire. The barracks have been partly changed into a church, of which the front and choir alone are finished : the body of the church is still unbuilt. The two wings of the monument were for the reception of those of the fa- thers who preferred intercourse with the world to the solitude of Calvary. After the restoration, the pilgrimages of the cross were resumed with all their ancient fervour on the 3d May and 14th September of every year. The Dauphiness and other members of the royal family were assiduous in their devotions, particularly in Holy Week. Since 1830 these customs have fallen into desuetude, and, except the building, Calvary offers few of the insignia of religion. Conveyances : place du Carrousel. CHANTILLY. (See page 19.) CHARENTON Is a village, two leagues east of Paris, on the Seine , near its confluence with the Marne. The history of the Protestant temple constitutes one of the principal claims of this village to celebrity. Henry IV. granted letters patent for its construction in 1606. This permission excited powerful opposition on the part of the Catholics, who, after 29 338 ENVIRONS several riotous proceedings, set fire to the edifice. Two years after, in 1623, it was again built at the expense of the Protestants. The famous architect, Jacques Desbrosses, furnished the plan, which was executed with a mag- nificence honourable alike to the zeal of the subscribers, and the talents of the artist. It was here the Protestants held their national synods in 1623, 1631 , and 1644. About the end of August, 1685, an attempt was made by several Catholics to set fire to the temple during the night ; the Protestants lodged a complaint with the parlement, and orders were issued for an investigation ; but Louis XIV. having about the same time revoked the edict of Nantes, the demolition of the temple was begun on the 22d of October, of the same year, the very evening of the day on which the edict received the sanction of the parlement. In the course of five days not a trace was left of this su- perb edifice ; and the profits arising from its materials were applied to the benefit of the general hospital of Paris. The Benedictine nuns were lodged on the space occupied by the temple. The present small church was begun and finished by them in 1793. The bridge here has always been regarded as the key of the capital on this side. It existed so early as the year 865, at which period it was destroyed by the Normans. In the long succession of wars which took place since that epoch, Charenton bridge has often been destroyed and rebuilt. The present con- struction dates from 1714. There are ten arches ; the four centre ones are of wood. On the 30th March, 1814, the allies succeeded in carrying this bridge, abandoned by the veterinary pupils of Alfort, after a brilliant but hope- less defence. Here is an asylum for the reception of lunatics whose cases admit a hope of cure. (See page 253). Population: 1,305 . Fête : second Sunday in July. Con- veyances : rue des Tournelles, 20 ; rue Neuve-St.-Paul, 13 ; and place de la Bastille. CHATILLON. A delightful village built in one of the finest situations in the neighbourhood of Paris. The church, dedicated to St. Philip and St. James is small, but rather hand- some; it appears to have been built in the reign of Charles VII. , at least the choir ; the rest of the edifice presenting OF PARIS. 339 a more modern appearance. Near Chatillon are visible the remains of a tower which seems to have made a part of the ancient fortifications of the place. Though almost entirely demolished the ruins still present a picturesque appearance. The view from the heights of Chatillon is magnificent. The eye wanders over the villages of Ba- gneux, Montrouge, Vaugirard , Vanvres, Issy, etc. Paris, the Seine, Calvary, Vincennes, and the heights of Montmartre, are also visible. This spacious and pleasing picture is terminated in the distance by the beautiful valley of Montmorency. The air is pure and healthy, which accounts for the number of country-houses in the vicinity. Chatillon abounds in corn, vineyards, and vegetables ; these last bring a high price in the markets of Paris. There are numerous quarries in the vicinity ; one of them is remarkable for a subterranean gallery, descending to a depth of 85 feet, but so imperceptibly that carts drawn by three horses are employed to extract the stones. Chatillon is a league and a half south- west of Paris. Population : 1,107 . Fête : first Sunday after the 1st of May. Con- veyances : rue du Pont-de-Lodi, 3 ; and rue St.-Germainl'Auxerrois, 84. CHOISY- LE- ROI Was originally known bythe name of Choisy-sur- Seine, and Choisy-Mademoiselle. Its present name originated from the château's having been purchased by Louis XV. who occasionally resided here. The houses are well built, the streets straight and regular ; and the whole presents an air of ease and comfort. The buildings of the château, destroyed at the Revolution, were occupied by a manu- factory of fine earthenware in imitation of that of the Eng- lish. There are also manufactories of Morocco leather, oil of olive soap, an establishment for the refining of sugar, and some glass-works. The piles of the bridge over the Seine are of stone ; the arches of wood. The general appearance of the country is cultivated, but rather mo- notonous. Choisy-le-Roi is 2½ leagues south of Paris. Population, 3,075. The Fête, which lasts three days, commences on the first Sunday after Aug. 25. Conveyances : place Dauphine, 1 ; rue Dauphine, 26 ; Marché Neuf, 52 and 54. 340 ENVIRONS CLICHY. This village is situated in a plain between the right bank of the Seine and the road from St.-Denis to Versailles, about three quarters of á league from the barrier of the same name. Clichy-la-Garenne is of great antiquity, having been a royal residence so early as 625. Several coins exist which were struck at Clichy in the time of King Dagobert. The church of Clichy has had two very celebrated curates, M. Bourgoin, who became general of the priests of the oratory, and the illustrious and modest St.-Vincent-de-Paule, to whom the village is indebted for its church as it now stands. It was here that the famous counter-revolutionary club, called the Société de Clichy was held during the stormy periods of 1795 , 1796 and 1797 . In 1815 Clichy suffered considerably from the allied troops. The surrounding country is flat and naked . The place is principally inhabited by washerwomen. There is a public washhouse in the vicinity of the Seine, laid out with considerable taste and propriety. Population : 3,109. Con- veyances : rue Montmartre, 96 ; and as far as the barrier bythe Batignollaises, Cloitre-St.-Honoré. COLOMBES Is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Seine, about two leagues north-west of Paris. Henriette-Marie de France, third daughter of Henry IV. and wife of Charles I. of England made the château of Colombes her ordinary residence ; she died here on the 10th of September, 1669, aged 60 years. This town contains about 2000 inhabitants. It is well built, having some public places planted with trees, and surrounded with agreeable country-houses. It was in a house here, that Rollin wrote his ancient history. Conveyances : rue Notre-Dame- des-Victoires ; and place de la Concorde. COMPIÈGNE. This town, containing according tothe last census 8,879 inhabitants, is pleasantly situated on the left bank of the Oise, near its confluence with the Aisne, at about 19 leagues north- east of Paris, on the high road to Flanders. It was at the gates of this town, in the war between the OF PARIS. 341 Armagnacs and the Bourguignons, after a sortie, in which she had slain many of the enemy with her own hand, and whilst remaining to the last to see her troops defile before her, that none might fall into the hands of the enemy, that the renowned Joan of Arc was taken prisoner ; Flavi, the governor of the town having raised the drawbridge whilst she still remained on the other side, either through negligence or by design ; she was delivered up to Jean de Luxembourg, who sold her to the English for the sum of 10,000 livres, and an annual pension of 500 livres. The melancholy fate of this singular woman is well known. The streets of Compiègne are narrow, but the houses are well built. The royal château is remarkable for its extent, and the beauty of its gardens. It was rebuilt in the reign of Louis XV. , terminated under Louis XVI. and entirely restored in the time of Napoleon, who added a gallery of great beauty, above 100 feet in length, 40 in breadth, and 30 in height. The traces of Napoleon's genius are every where visible in the magnificent and massive style in which the interior of the apartments is decorated . It was here, on the 27th of March, 1810, that Napoleon had his first interview with Maria Louisa, Archduchess of Austria. The church of St. -Corneille in this town, contains the tombs of several Kings of France, Louis- le- Bègue, Louis V. surnamed le Fainéant, and the last King of the second race ; the body of Henry III. who was as- sassinated at St. -Cloud, was carried to Compiègne, where it remained several years, before being transferred to St.- Denis. The forest of Compiègne, 29,600 acres in extent, is only a part of the vast forest of Guise, detached and cleared at different periods. Previous to the reign of Francis I. this forest had no other route than that which traverses it in a straight line called Chaussée de Brunehaut. This route was a part of the military road of the Romans commenced by Agrippa, under the reign of Augustus, terminated under Caracalla, and known by the Romans under the name of Chemin des ley Estrées. It was only in the 13th century that it received its present name, from the reveries of a poet, who attributed it to the enchantments of a King of Hainault, named Brunehaut, a contemporary of King Solomon. The structure of this route is not uniform, being sometimes composed of a mass of stones 29 * 342 ENVIRONS and earth, at other times of solid mason work, resembling the foundations of a great edifice. Francis I. constructed eight other routes in this forest ; Louis XIV. added 54 alleys ; and Louis XV. 229 routes and alleys, making in the whole an extent of 275 leagues of road within the forest. An arbour of iron frame work, 4,800 feet in length, and 14 feet broad, leads from the steps of the palace, through the garden to the skirts of the forest, forming a delightful shady walk in sultry weather. Compiègne has manufactories of cordage, cottons, and hosiery ; and carries on a considerable trade in linens, corn, wood, cloth, horses, etc. Conveyances : rue du faubourg St.- Denis, 50 ; and rue Notre-Dame- des- Vic- toires, 22. CORBEIL Is a small town seven leagues south of Paris, agreeably situated on the Seine, at the confluence of the Essonne,. which here separates into several streams, turning more than 40 mills. It is divided by the Seine into two parts ; that portion seated on the right bank anciently called Vieux Corbeil, the smallest in extent, is now looked upon as a faubourg ; it is united to the new town by a fine stone bridge. This town contains a solidly constructed market- place, built in 1780, from designs by M. Viel. A considerable trade is carried on here in corn and flour ; there being i number of mills constantly employed in grinding corn for Che Paris market ; which is warehoused in a vast building called the Magasin. Population : 3,700 . Conveyances : passage and rue Dauphine ; and rue Montmartre, 55. COURBEVOIE. A small village, 1½ leagues north-west of Paris, on one of the delightful eminences which diversify the left bank of the Seine, at a short distance from Neuilly. On the summit of the hill on which this village is seated, are some magnificent barracks erected by Louis XV. , which were long occupied by the Swiss Guards. At the foot of the eminence is a well-built château, and a number of pleasant country seats are found in the immediate neighbourhood. Population : 1,934. Conveyances: rue de Rohan, 18 ; place de la Concorde ; and les Orleanaises , place du Louvre. OF PARIS. 343 H COUR DE FRANCE. This hamlet, between Villejuif and Essonne, 4½ leagues from Passy, is only remarkable for containing the inn at which Napoleon stopped on the 30th March, 1814, at the time the allied troops had entered Paris. He was in advance of his army, attended only by a few marshals and generals. He rested here, and sent forward some officers to the army commanded by the Marshals Mortier and Mar- mont, beneath the walls of Paris. It was too late-this army had capitulated . Notwithstanding his impatience to know the result. of his orders, the Emperor eat a hearty supper, threw himself on his bed, and slept soundly tilt midnight, when he awoke, and listening only to his impatience, threw himself into a carriage, and set off, followed by his marshals, to meet his officers on their return. He soon fell in with a general, travelling post with unwelcome news. Napoleon, Caulaincourt, and the Prince of Wagram, descended from their carriages, and proceeded on foot towards the inn they had just left ; and it was thus, walking in the mud on a dark night, that Napoleon first learned the occupation of Paris by the allied troops. Conveyances : cour de la Ste. -Chapelle, 13. CRETEIL Is a large village, of great antiquity, three leagues south- east of Paris, near the Marne, abounding in fish and game. Here are a steam- engine for the sawing of stone, and some cotton and woollen manufactories. Population : 1,500 . Conveyances : rue Neuve- St. - Paul, 13 ; and rue Geffroy- Lasnier, 27. ENGHIEN. A pretty village, 4½ leagues north of Paris, and at a short distance from Montmorency, at the southern extre- Imity of the lake of St. - Gratien . This village , which only dates from the year 1822, owes its origin to a sulphuric spring, discovered in its vicinity in the year 1766 This fountain has occasioned the construction of the present celebrated bathing establishment, remarkable for its cleanliness and elegance . Lodgings here are numerous and commodious, and all the articles of consumption are at a 344 ENVIRONS reasonable price. The baths are open from the 15th of June till the end of September. The fine park of St.- Gratien, and the lake, form a magnificent dependence upon this establishment, and afford delightful promenades to the bathers ; the plantations, which consist of 500 acres, being laid out à l'Anglaise . Conveyances, called célérifères, in the special service of the establishments at Enghien, start several times a day from Paris, rue du faubourg St.- Denis, 17 and 25. ERMENONVILLE. All we know of the origin of Ermenonville is that it was the property of Dominic de Vic, otherwise known bythe name of Captain Sarrede, one of Henry IVth's most dis- tinguished officers. It afterwards fell into the hands of the family of Girardin. Before this time the castle and apartments were almost in a state of ruin ; the hamlet itself consisted of about a dozen cottages ; the soil was wild and barren. In this family's hands, however, the whole underwent a total change, and from a desert became a paradise. Ermenonville lies on the banks of the Nonette, at the bottom of a gentle declivity. This place still abounds. in souvenirs of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, one of the most extraordinary men of the last century. As a good deal has beenwritten on the subject by persons who have visited it, we shall confine ourselves to a few of its leading fea- tures. In the village is an inn ; the sign-post of which is well calculated to attract the attention of travellers : it is this, " A l'Image de J.-J.- Rousseau." Opposite this inn is a cottage, over the door of which is inscribed " L'Empereur Joseph II. a diné dans cette maison le 24 Mai, 1777." Upon the house next to it are written the follow- ing words : " Gustave III. , roi de Suède, a diné dans cette maison, le 24 Juillet, 1784." The castle is situated between the two principal divisions of the garden. The little river which flows through the valley supplies the lake, the cas- cade, the castle -moat, and a large sheet of water farther to the north. The lake, from the centre of which rises the isle of poplars, containing the tomb of J.-J.-Rousseau, lies on the south of the castle. The Temple of Philosophy deserves a particular description. It is of a circular form, and built OF PARIS. 345 On on an eminence, commanding a view of the lake. On the frontispiece may be read, Rerum cognoscere causas. each of the columns is found one of the following inscriptions : 1. Newton, lucem ; 2. Descartes, nil rebus inane ; 3. Voltaire, ridiculum ; 4. Penn, humanitatem ; 5. Montesquieu, justitiam ; 6. Rousseau, naturam. The un- finished state of the temple is allegorical ; a circumstance confirmed by the following inscription in the interior. Hoc templum inchoatum Philosophiæ nondum perfectæ Michaeli Montagne Qui omnia dixit Sacrum esto. " Let this temple, dedicated to philosophy, hitherto im- perfect, be sacred to Michel Montaigne, who has said all that can be said. " Onthe capital of a column lying at the foot of the temple, are these words : Quis hoc perficiet ? " Who shall finish it ?" In continuing his walk, the traveller reaches the desert, where every thing is arid, mournful, rocky, and savage. It was here Jean Jacques occasionally indulged in those gloomy reveries which overcast the latter years of his life . The waters of the lake bathe the foot of a rock from which the eyes of this great man might wander over the famous isle of poplars, one day destined to contain his ashes. It is difficult to avoid being struck with a feeling of deep emotion on landing in this island, and yet the tomb is far from calling up dismal ideas. A pleasing melancholy is experienced on seeing these beautiful poplars, the noble and simple monument, the rich long grass which covers the island, and the tranquil water with which it is surrounded. On one of the sides of the tomb is the following inscription : Ici répose l'homme de la nature et de la verité. On the other, above a bas-relief by Le Sueur, is a crown, with the philosopher's favourite inscrip- tion, Vitam impendere vero. On one ofthe extremities of the tomb is to be read, Hic jacent ossa J.-J.-Rousseau. The principal objects to be seen in the gardens to the north of the castle are, a spacious meadow, a broad, irregular sheet of water, a grove, a Gothic pavilion, and seve- ral manufactories, producing a picturesque effect. Beyond this large sheet of water is situated a Gothic tower, called 346 ENVIRONS the Tour de Gabrielle, from its being supposed to have served as a rendezvous for Henry IV. and his mistress. The village presents little that is interesting in itself. It owes its renown to the scenes and souvenirs we have just described: these latter must have been powerful indeed to have exempted it from paying contributions to the allied armies, in 1815 ; a piece of forbearance which can only be ascribed to their respect for the tomb of Rousseau. Er- menonville has a population of 500 souls, and is ten leagues from Paris. Conveyances : rue du faubourg St.-Denis, 51. ESSONNE Is a small ancient village on the road to Fontainebleau, about seven leagues and a half from Paris. It is seated on the small river Juine, at the bottom of a deep valley ; The river turns several mills, and sets a number of machines in motion : such as corn mills, fulling mills, mills for grinding tobacco, paper manufactories, tanneries, silk and yarn manufactories, etc. Here also was a royal powder manufactory, which, in 1815, was taken possession of by the allies. It has been lately removed. Turf is found in the neighbourhood in great abundance. The inhabit- ants amount to near 3,000 . Conveyances : rue Croix des Petits-Champs, 12 ; and rue Dauphine, 36. FONTAINEBLEAU Is a large town 14 leagues south of Paris, on the high- road to Lyons, seated in the midst of one of the most mag- nificent forests in France. It is difficult to determine the epoch of the foundation of the château. This royal resi- dence has been successively attributed to King Robert, Louis VII. , and Louis IX.; but there is no proof of its having been founded by any ofthese kings. That it existed about the middle of the 12th century, is evident from an act of Louis VII. relative to a donation made to some monks in the neighbourhood, which terminates with the words : "Actu publicè apud Fontene Bleaudi, in palatio nostro." It appears that the etymology of this place is derived from the name of an individual called Blaudi or Bleaudi, who first constructed an habitation here near one of the numerous springs with which the vicinity abounds. In 1169 Louis VII. built a chapel here adjoining the cha- FONTAINEBLEAU ON 52 W DAMAG S CLOUD VERSAILLES Killerey del et sculps

OF PARIS . 347 12 teau, dedicated to St.-Saturnin. This chapel was after- wards consecrated by the celebrated Thomas- à-Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, during the time of his residence in France. Philip Augustus and St.-Louis frequently re- sided here, and Philippe-le-Bel was born and died in the castle ; which was successively embellished and augmented in the succeeding reigns. Louis XI. established the royal library here, which was afterwards transported to Blois by Louis XII.; and which became the origin of the famous Bibliothèque du Roi, now existing in the rue Richelieu. Francis 1. greatly augmented the château, and made it his principal residence. In 1539 the Emperor Charles V. was entertained here with a pomp hitherto un- known. Great fêtes were given in honour of the trusting host, who had dared thus to put himself in the hands of his ancient captive. His name was, in consequence, in- scribed on the tablets ofthe court fool, and after the de- parture of this prince was replaced by that of Francis himself, because he had not committed the perfidy of detaining him. The town increased considerably during this reign, and the offices of Maître des Eaux et Forêts and Garde-chasse were established. Henry II. , Charles IX. , and Henry III. occasionally resided here ; and Henry IV. , peaceably seated on the throne of France, made it his fa- vourite abode, and spent 2,480,850 livres in its embellish- ment. This prince was at Fontainebleau, when the conspiracy of Biron was revealed to him by Lafin, one of the Marshal's agents. It was agreed between Henry IV. and Sully, that Biron should be invited to court : he hesitated ; but being assured by Lafin that the king knew nothing of the affair, or at least had no proof ; and the king having declared that if he did not come he would himself go in search of him, he consented. Henry had a great desire to pardon him. But having ordered his council again to ex- amine carefully the charges against him, every thing was prepared for his arrest. The same evening the king re- tired with him to a private room :-" Marshal," said he, "it is from your mouth that I would learn that with which, unfortunately, I am but too well acquainted. Whatever you may have committed against me, if you freely confess it, I will forgive you : I will cover you with the mantle of my protection, and forget for ever." "You press too 348 ENVIRONS hard upon an honest man, " replied Biron ; "Ihave had no other design than what I have confessed. "-" Would to God it were so ! But I see I shall learn nothing from you." Regarding him with a look of compassion, the benevolent Henry, as he took leave of him, said, “ Adieu, Baron de Biron, you know what I have said to you." He was immediately arrested, conducted to Paris, and the proceedings instituted which led to his condemnation and death. To recount all the events which have occurred in this celebrated castle would be to write the History of France. We must confine ourselves to a fact or two. In 1644 Henriette d'Angleterre, wife of Charles I. , took refuge here after the revolution which led her husband to the scaffold ; and within half a century James II . , banished from his king- dom , was also seen here. Louis XIV. first resided here in 1645. It was shortly after this period, on the 10th No- vember, 1654, that a barbarous murder was committed here by Queen Christine of Sweden (who was residing in the castle against the wish of the king) upon the person of her grand écuyer, Monaldeschy, for having been guilty of some treason, the nature of which was never known. The account we have of this dark transaction is given by Lebel, who was called in to confess the patient. On entering he found the princess in close conversation with her victim ; three other persons were in the room. On perceiving him, Christine presented some papers to Monaldeschi ; he turned pale, but declared that he did not know what they meant. "You will not acknowledge these papers ?" said the queen, as she drew the originals from her breast. The unfortunate man threw himself at her feet, sought to jus- tify himself, and begged for mercy. The queen listened to him for a whole hour, in every corner of the room to which on his knees he had dragged her, when, turning coolly round to the monk, she said, "Father, I leave you this man ; prepare him for death, and let him take heed to his soul." After he had confessed himself the best way he could, in Latin, French, and Italian, all of which he made use of in his consternation, one of the three persons en- trusted with his execution asked him if he had confessed, and was prepared to die. The scene which followed is at once loathsome and revolting. In attempting to parry the first blow aimed at him, he lost three of the fingers of his OF PARIS. 349 right hand, and the sword bent in the struggle. After re- ceiving another blow in the face, the monk again inter- fered, and again gave him absolution, on which he re- ceived a third blow on the head, which splintered the bones. The unfortunate man now made signs that he wished his head to be cut off, which his assassins thrice attempted, but in vain, as the coat of mail, which he wore under his dress, prevented the blows from taking effect : the priest all this time exhorting him to remember God, and to endure with patience. Meanwhile, the chaplain appearing in the gallery, the mutilated man dragged himself towards him, again requesting absolution ; after which, he was run through the throat with a long narrow sword. This blow was the last, but though it deprived him of speech, he still continued to breathe for another quarter of an hour, and the priest to exhort him. This murder committed by a queen who had ceased to be one, was punish- able as a capital offence. Mazarin, who was all -powerful at that period, wrote to her sternly on the subject, but she treated him and his letter with scorn. The following may serve as a specimen : -" Take my advice, Julius ; and behave in such a way as to deserve my good-will, and take care how you give utterance to one indiscreet word as regards myperson ; otherwise, though ever so distant, I shall be informed of your tricks. I have friends (meaning assassins) in my service who are more than a match for you and yours." And this is the queen represented by Vol- taire as having sacrificed her crown to literary ease and philosophical retirement. It was in this castle that Louis XIV. signed the revocation of the edict of Nantes, an act of fanaticism fatal to France, it is true ; but which that king thought so agreeable to God, that after the defeat of Ramillies he could not help asking if God had forgotten the service he had done him. This castle was also a favourite residence of Napoleon , and is indebted to him for some of its most remarkable embellishments. The sums he expended upon it, from 1804 to 1813, amount to 6,242,000fr. , being nearly triple the sum spent upon it by Henry IV. It was here also that he made his farewell speech to his guards, after Lis final abdication . The castle itself may be said to be a collection of châteaux irregularly grouped, built at different periods and in different 30 350 ENVIRONS styles of architecture . There are six buildings connected together by their respective courts . Each of the courts is closed in by three, and sometimes four wings of the build- ing their names are, Cour du Cheval Blanc, Cour de la Fontaine, Cour Ovale or du Donjon, Cour du Jardin de l'Orangerie, Cour des Princes, and Cour des Cuisines. The Cour du Cheval Blanc gives into the place de Ferrare ; it owes its name to a horse in plaster, a cast of the horse of Marcus Aurelius, taken at Rome in 1560. Though this horse was broken down in 1626, the court has still pre- served its name. The view of the place de Ferrare was formerly interrupted by buildings, which were demolished in 1810, and replaced by a long and beautiful iron railing. The right wing of the court was built on the place occupied by the ancient gallery of Ulysses, so renowned for paintings by the different Italian masters invited by Francis I. The façade at the bottom of this court is ornamented with a flight of steps in the shape of a horseshoe, remarkable rather for its massiveness than its beauty, the work of Lemercier. The Cour de la Fontaine owes its name to a fountain which has frequently changed its form and even its place. This court, surrounded by buildings on three sides, is open to the gardens on the south, which renders it agreeable. In the left wing of this court is a hall twenty feet in length, called la Salle de la Belle Cheminée, on account of a large chimney- piece it contains, 23 feet in height and 20 in width. It was ornamented with a bas-relief in marble, representing Henry IV. triumphing over his ene- mies. The Cour Ovale ou du Donjon is long and narrow, the buildings which surround it being the most ancient part ofthe edifice . A pavilion here still bears the name ofSt.- Louis, though it was really constructed in the time of Francis I.; it was rebuilt, however, upon the old founda- tions ; and it appears probable that this part of the castle was inhabited by St. -Louis. A balcony, constructed by Henry IV. , extends round two-thirds of this court, sup- ported by45 columns of stone. There are two entrances to this court; the Porte Dorée, so called on account of its ancient ornaments, though it has now no pretensions to this title, and the Porte Dauphine. In the buildings which surround this court are the ball- room, and the bibliothèque ; the first is remarkable for its paintings by Pri- OF PARIS. 351 maticcio, Nicolo, and Dubreuil , paintings which are now in a dilapidated state. The Bibliothèque occupies the ancient Chapelle du Roi, which is too small for the number of books it contains. In these buildings also are the king's and queen's apartments, the council chamber, the throne- room, etc. In one of these saloons is shown a small round mahogany table, on which, in 1814, Napoleon signed his abdication. Here, also, is the Galerie de Diane, painted in fresco by Ambroise Dubois, which in 1826 was re- painted and restored by Messrs. Abel de Pujol and Blondel. The Jardin de l'Orangerie is surrounded by several buildings. It caught fire during the rigorous winter of 1789, and menaced the whole castle with destruction. Some orange-trees, which dated from several centuries, were lost on this occasion. The garden was first called Jardin de Diane, on account of a bronze statue of this goddess placed in the centre of a basin of water. This statue was destroyed during the revolution, but, re- established in 1811. In the buildings which surround the gar- den are the Galerie des Chevreuils and the Galerie des Cerfs, so named on account of the heads of these animals placed between the paintings by Dubreuil, executed in the time of Henry IV. It was in this gallery that the murder ofMonaldeschy took place . The Cour des Princes is the smallest of all the courts ; it is surrounded by the buildings occupied by Christine of Sweden. The Cour des Cuisines is a vast and regular court surrounded on three sides by buildings constructed by Henry IV. in 1609. The name of the court indicates the destination of the buildings . The chapel dedicated to the Sainte- Trinité is entered from beneath the flight of steps of which we spoke in describing the court of the Cheval Blanc. It was constructed in 1529 on the place occupied by the more ancient one, built in 1254, by St.-Louis. It is magnificently decorated . The Italian painters engaged by Francis I. to embellish this castle, Roux, Nicolo, Primaticcio, Leonardo da Vinci , etc., either to please the voluptuous taste of Francis I., or because in their time the empire of decency was not well established, had given to their productions a character of naïveté bordering upon the licentious. Anne of Austria, on her accession to the throne, destroyed more than 100,000 crowns worth of these pantings, Sauval, alluding to this 352 ENVIRONS circumstance, says, that if she had desired to destroy every thing abominable and dissolute in this place, she ought to have burnt the whole castle to the ground. The park and gardens are in a style suitable to the mag- nificence of the château. Both of them have undergone frequent changes. The south of the park is at present or- namented with a spacious and beautiful garden, extending along the outer façade of the new wing of the Cour du Cheval Blanc. This garden is crossed, bound in, and em- bellished by numerous streams of water, all of which, dis- appearing under a rock, unite in a sheet of water called, l'Etang. This garden was begun by Napoleon, in 1811 . The parterre, formerly called Jardin du Roi, parterre du Tibre, is now enriched by numerous ornaments and water jets. It was repaired in 1817. The principal beauty of the parc consists in its fine alleys, cascade, and canal. The cascade, constructed by Louis XIV. , and which had gradually,fallen into ruins, has been restored with con- siderable taste. The forest of Fontainebleau, formerly called the forest of Bière, surrounds the town. Its sur- face has been estimated at 32,877 acres ; it is crossed by roads in every direction. The forest itself is grand and imposing-its oak and ash trees in particular are magnifi- cent. It also presents us with numerous specimens of trees from the tropical climates. The ground it occupies offers every variety of situation : rock, hill, and dale. One circumstance that will particularly strike the stranger is the almost total absence of game, which were destroyed by the peasantry at the time of the revolution in 1830. There are maps of the forest to be had, but the traveller would do well to engage a guide upon the spot, whose local acquaintance and information will be more service- able to him than any previous communication he might receive upon the subject. Fontainebleau, in the time of Francis I., presented only a few hotels and stables belonging to his courtiers. The population, extremely limited at first, began to increase only in the reign of Henry IV. , and it was not till 1624, in the reign of Louis XIII. , that the parish church of St. -Louis was constructed . The modern part of the town is rather handsome, and many of the streets are broad and straight, particularly those connected with the highways to Paris OF PARIS. 353 and Melun. There is a hospital here, founded by Anne of Austria, in 1646, for the reception of 14 poor patients ; and an institution created by Madame Montespan, in 1696, for the education of 60 poor girls. From the secluded position of Fontainebleau, there is very little business of any kind done in it. The principal commerce is in paving- stones, extracted from the neighbouring mountains. The grapes, for which this neighbourhood is so celebrated, are the production of Thomery, a little village on the left bank of the Seine, about 3 miles from Fontainebleau. Popula- tion : 8,122. Conveyances : rue Notre-Dame-des -Victoires, 22 ; and rue St.-Honoré, 128. FONTENAY-AUX-ROSES. This is a pretty village two leagues south- west of Paris, at a short distance from Sceaux. It dates from about the 11th century, and owes its name to the rose-trees cultivated in the neighbourhood, and in the village ; every house even having its rose-bush. It is charmingly situated on the side of a hill , in the midst of a fertile and well cultivated country. The fine situation of the village, its pleasing landscape, and the kind of cultivation it most favours, have been so many inducements for the erection of country- seats in the neighbourhood, in one of which resided Scarron, the greatest comic writer of his age. Although early a prey to painful diseases, he never lost his gaiety; but by his wit and humour drew round him the most ingenious and amiable persons of the time. The Abbé Chaulieu, the Horace and Tibullus of France, who died in 1720, at the age of 81 , was born at Fontenay. The neighbouring country is, as we have said, devoted to the cultivation of roses. This gives an enchanting aspect to this village in the spring ; entire fields covered with this beautiful flower afford the most delightful coup d'œil that can be imagined . Strawberries are also cultivated here in great abundance ; and that portion of the territory which neither bears rose- trees nor strawberry-bushes, is planted with vine-trees, fruit-trees, and other shrubs ; there being hardly any arable ground in the vicinity. Fontenay-aux-Roses con- tains upwards of 1,000 inhabitants. Fête : first Sunday after the 16th July. Conveyances : rue du Pont-de - Lodi , 3 ; rue Mazarine, 55 ; and rue de Seine, 25. 30 * 354 ENVIRONS FONTENAY-SUR-LE-BOIS. A small village 2½ leagues east of Paris. It derives its double name from the numerous springs which abound in the neighbourhood, and to its situation on the borders of the wood of Vincennes. Its church dates from the time of Francis I. , or Henry II. The ground on which this village stands was formerly private property : the château or manor-house still exists. It now contains numerous country- seats. The neighbourhood abounds in vineyards and arable land. Population : 1,390 . Fête : first Sunday in August. Conveyances : rue Coquillière, 33 ; rue du Bouloy, 23 ; and place de la Bastille. FRANCONVILLE. This village is seated on the high road from Paris to Pontoise, at the foot of one of the elevations which surround the valley of Montmorency, 4½ leagues north- west of Paris, and a league and a half west of Montmo- rency. The agreeable situation of this village has induced the erection of many country houses here. Amongst them may be seen those of M. le Comte de Tressan, the trans- lator of Ariosto, the French Anacreon, who wrote verses at the age of 81 with as much fire as at five- and - twenty. One of his latest compositions is entitled Les Charmes de Franconville. Population : 1,500 . Conveyances : rue Montorgueil, 49; and rue du faubourg St.-Denis, 51 . GENTILLY Is an ancient village situated in a valley, on the Bièvre, at a short distance south of the barrière de Fontainebleau. It appears that at a very remote period this village was far from being insignificant, as the kings of the first race had a country house here. In 766 Pepin held a concile here, in which the bishops of the time discussed upon the re- spect which was due to images. Louis-le-Begue bestowed this royal residence and the property depending upon it, on Ingelwin, bishop of Paris, in 878, as well as an abbey and monastery founded by St. -Eloi, which has ever since remained the property of his successors, and was for a long time the country house of the bishops of Paris. The gallant Benserade had a country house here, where he died OF PARIS . 355 in 1691. Gentilly is chiefly inhabited by washerwomen, and workmen employed in the neighbouring quarries. The ancient château formerly belonged to Madame la Duchesse de Villeroy. Le Petit- Gentilly, chiefly composed of guin- guettes, is much frequented by the lower class of Pa- risians. Population : 8,616. Fête second Sunday in May. Conveyances : quai de la Cité, 29. GRENELLE Is a village on the left bank of the Seine, near Issy and Vaugirard. A handsome church and a theatre have been lately erected here : the old castle now serves as a school for gymnastic exercises. It was formerly noted as being a place for military executions . Labedoyère was shot here. A bridge over the Seine forms a communication between this village and the Versailles road. Fète first and second Sundays after June 24. The Couronnement de la Rosière, a somewhat primitive ceremony, takes place on one of these days. Population : 1,647. Conveyances : rue de Rivoli, 4. GROSBOIS. The hamlet of Grosbois, 4 leagues south-east of Paris, is possessed of little intrinsic importance ; and owes its ce- lebrity to its manorial château, and the illustrious personages whose successive property it has been. In 1816, it belonged to Nicolas de Harley, who sold it to Charles de Valois, natural son to Charles IX. After passing through the hands of several proprietors, it became the possession of Louis-Philippe Zavier, Comte de Provence, afterwards Louis XVIII. On his retreat from France, in consequence ofthe revolution , Grosbois became national property, and was sold as such. Fortunately, the park and château were not destroyed by the speculating purchasers, who in those days generally bought castles for the purpose of demolish- ing them. The famous Barras, after being obliged to give in his resignation as member of the Directory, withdrew to this property, not, however, without previously asking the permission of Bonaparte, which he received, with a hundred grenadiers to escort him. The property being of too splendid a description for a man in his circumstances, he sold it to Moreau. This General seeing it was in vain 356 ENVIRONS to cope with his rival (Bonaparte) , shut himself up in this beautiful retreat, renouncing all interference with war or politics. He was soon, however, implicated in the conspiracy of Pichegru, torn from his solitude, imprisoned, and compelled to fly from his country. Madame Moreau sold this property to Prince Berthier, who remained in peaceable possession of it till 1814. On his death, in 1815, he bequeathed it to his widow and children. The park, as it now exists, is an enclosure of 1,700 acres ; it is well wooded, and contains a vast number of deer and other game. The approach to the castle is by a beautiful broad avenue. Conveyances : rue Neuve- St. -Paul, 13 ; rue Geoffroi-Lasnier, 27 ; and place de la Bastille. ISSY. This is a village situated within a short distance of the left bank of the Seine, and a league west of Paris. The name Issy has given a good deal of trouble to etymolo- gists : most of whom, however, are of opinion that it has some affinity with that of the goddess Isis, and of course that she had there a temple, and was honoured as a deity. Be that as it may, Issy is certainly ancient. A Roman road, from Paris to Orleans, passed through this village, and the kings of the first race had several properties in it. Childebert thinking it a pious duty to endow the clergy, gave a part ofthe village to the church of St.-Vincent. Hugh Capet gave a part to Ste. -Geneviève, and King Robert sacrificed what remained in favour of the abbey of St.- Magloire. It was at Issy that the first French opera was performed, in 1659. It was here also that the conferences on quietism took place, in 1695 : a theological discussion which involved a quarrel between the amiable author of Telemachus, and the stern and domineering Bossuet. Issy is still remarkable for its numerous country houses-among others, that formerly possessed by Marguerite de Valois , and which is at present a seminary of St. - Sulpice ; that of the Prince of Conti, one of the handsomest in the neighbourhood of Paris ; that of the Cardinal de Fleury, minister of Louis XV. , who died here in 1743 ; that called the Maison des Prêtres de St. - François-de-Sales, at the entrance of the village, and which was formerly an abbey of Benedictines ; and the Maison de Childebert, an old OF PARIS. 357 Gothic edifice, built on an eminence opposite the church, so called by the inhabitants who believe it to have been the residence of that king. The wine of Issy was cele- . brated in the 15th century. Its population amounts to 1,581 . Fête : first Sunday in August. Conveyances : rue Christine, 6 ; and rue Dauphine, 36. IVRY-SUR- SEINE. This village, situated on the left bank of the Seine about three quarters of a league south- east of Paris, is known to have existed in the year 936. Together with the villages of St.-Frambourg, of Austerlitz, and the Garre, it forms a considerable commune of the department of the Seine. At St.-Frambourg is a chapel under the invocation of this saint, rendered sacred by public credulity. There is an opening behind the altar into which the good people of the neighbourhood, attacked with disease, thrust their heads in the hope of being cured . Many country houses orna- ment the village of Ivry ; and at Austerlitz are a number of guinguettes. At the Garre is a large glass-house where bottles are manufactured. A great number of the inhabit- ants subsist by the sale of milk in Paris, or by working the quarries in the neighbourhood . Population : 2,900. Fête first Sunday in May. Conveyances : Marché- Neuf, 54. JOUY. A small village four leagues south-west of Paris, in an agreeable valley on the little river Bièvre. It is chiefly remarkable for its manufactory of printed cottons of M. Oberkampf, which enjoys a European reputation ; the cloths leaving this establishment being remarkable for the tenacity of their colours. M. Oberkampf died in 1814. The church dedicated to St.-Martin dates from the 13th or 14th century. Here is a magnificent modern château belonging to M. Seguin, built in a hollow between two hills which almost conceals it from view. The park is 300 acres in extent. Population : 1,244 . Fête : first Sunday after August 16. Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 6 ; and place de la Concorde. 358 ENVIRONS LA CHAPELLE ST. -DENIS In A village contiguous to the barriers of Paris, on the route to St.-Denis, containing about 1,500 inhabitants. 1219, the chapel of this village was erected into a curacy under the name of Chapelle Ste. - Géneviève, which was subsequently changed to Chapelle St. - Denis. La Chapelle suffered much from the civil and religious wars of the 16th century. François Luillier, known by the name of Cha- pelle, one of the most amiable of poets, was born in this village. LIVRY. This village is situated on the northern side of a hill four leagues from Paris, on the road to Meaux. It has been long celebrated for its lords and abbots. The cha- teau was once a place of strength and importance. Louis le Gros besieged it in the wars which he carried on against the Comte de Champagne. He mounted to the assault himself, and was wounded in the thigh by a pike. This redoubled the ardour of the besiegers, and the place was taken and dismantled. Malherbes and Madame de Sévigny inhabited Livry. It was under its delightful shades that this amiable woman composed those letters to her daughter, which are a model of elegance and delicacy. Popula- tion 975. Conveyances : rue St. -Martin, 247 ; and rue Ste.-Apolline, 11 and 12. MAISONS. This village, two leagues south- east of Paris, on the high road to Lyons, is sometimes called Maisons-Alfort, on account of its vicinity to this latter village. It appears that two churches or chapels existed here so early as the 10th century. The church which at present exists is remarkable for a stone steeple, which it appears was built by the English in the 14th century, who were for a long time mas- ters of this village. Its proximity to the Seine and Marne renders it an advantageous position. The environs are fertile in grain ; and contain much pasture land. Robes- pierre possessed a house here. Population : 1,269. Fête : second Sunday in July. Conveyances : rue des Tournelles, 20 ; and place de la Bastille. OF PARIS. 359 MALMAISON. This château, on the route to St. - Germain, near the village of Ruel, is one ofthe most renowned in the environs of Paris. In the 14th century it was a fief of the abbey of St.-Denis. At the commencement of the Revolution it had become one of the most agreeable residences in the neighbourhood of Paris. Delille, in his poem, called Les Jardins, places it amongst those which merit attention ; and he was capable of appreciating its attractions, for it was there that he translated a part of his Georgics . Mal- maison was the favourite retreat of Josephine. Here she gave those brilliant fêtes which Napoleon turned to the profit of his ambition. Become Empress, she still conse- crated all the moments left her by the obligations of her rank to the embellishment of Malmaison. She established here a museum of natural history, and a menagerie, and created a botanic garden, and a school of agriculture ; on which she spent great sums of money. After her greatness had departed she still found consolation in this her favourite residence, where her virtues and beneficence had endeared her to the inhabitants of the surrounding villages. In 1814 the Emperor of Russia visited her several times. On the 26th of May he had accepted a dinner offered to him by Josephine. In the evening he expressed a desire to see the gardens. Josephine insisted upon accompanying him, and showing him all that was worthy of notice ; she was already unwell ; in the night she grew worse, and in the course of three days she had ceased to exist. Malmaison then passed into the hands of the Prince of Beauharnais ; and in 1815, after the battle of Waterloo, it was here Napoleon went to conceal his despair. Malmaison, which is not at all re- markable in an architectural point of view, has now lost much of its ancient splendour ; a part of the park has been converted into ploughed land ; and of the treasures of na- » tural history collected by Josephine, a fine flock of Merino sheep is almost all that remains. Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 2 ; and place du Carrousel. MARLY Is a village seated about 4 % leagues west of Paris, on the left bank of the Seine, and within a short distance of St. 360 ENVIRONS Germain-en- Laye. So early as the 11th century two churches existed here ; but one of them was demolished in the 17th century, and the two parishes united . Marly was formerly celebrated for its magnificent castle and plea. sure grounds, constructed in a narrow marshy valley, at an enormous expense by Louis XIV. It was here that he retired with his court to enjoy the pleasures of the country. Some few ruins of the castle still remain ; a depend- ance of it, called le Chenil (dog-kennel) is one of the finest country houses in the vicinity. The famous aque- duct, 330 toises in length, is a solid and majestic construc- tion of thirty- six arches, some of which are 75 feet in elevation. The steam-engine here raises the waters of the Seine 500 feet above the level of the river, to reservoirs which supply the fountains and water-works at Versailles. Marly contains 1,208 inhabitants. Fête : Sunday after Aug. 25. Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 10, and 18 ; and place de la Concorde. MENILMONTANT Is a village near the barriers of Paris, a little to the south of Belleville, much frequented on Sundays and Mondays bythe lower classes of Parisians. Conveyances : Citadines from the place des Petits- Pères, and from the place de Grève. MEUDON. This pleasant village is situated 2 % leagues west of Paris, on the eastern side of an eminence, between Sèvres and St.- Cloud. Meudon is celebrated for having been the titular curacy of an extraordinary man, the famous François Rabelais, who, in his writings has left us the opinions, the style of conversation and living of courtiers, townsmen, and the inhabitants of the monasteries of his time. In 1532, Cardinal Jean du Bellay bestowed upon him the prebendary of St. -Maur, and the curacy of Meu- don, that is to say, the benefices resulting from these titles, for he never fulfilled the obligations. He was twice a monk ; but it is doubtful if he was ever a priest ; at all events, he never resided at Meudon. Meudon is also celebrated for its château, and magnificent terrace, 260 yards in length and 140 in breadth, affording one of the OF PARIS. 361 most splendid views of Paris and the vicinity, studded with hamlets and villages, and enlivened by the course of the Seine, as it wanders through a rich, fertile, and well wooded country. Here were formerly two châteaux. The original one, built for the Cardinal de Lorraine, by Phi- libert Delorme, was, in 1793, converted into an experi- mental workshop for artillery, etc. It was here that the aérostats were made, which enable an army to discover the forces and disposition of the enemy; an invention, which, in 1794, greatly contributed to the victory of Fleu- rus. The experiments made in this edifice had so injured it that its demolition was resolved upon, which took place in 1803 and 1804. The second castle, or château neuf, was built by the Dauphin, father of Louis XIV. Having become an imperial palace after the coronation of Napo- leon, the château of Meudon recovered its ancient splen- dour, and was magnificently furnished and decorated. The gardens were also replanted . Marie-Louise almost con- . stantly resided here from the year 1812, and during the whole of the campaign of Moscow. It is still a domain of the crown ; and is occasionally occupied by the Duke of Orleans. The entrance to the château is by a long avenue planted by four rows of lime trees, which conduct to the magnificent terrace of which we have spoken. The wood of Meudon is extensive, and is much frequented during the summer season, by the Parisians and inhabitants of the neighbourhood, particularly on Sundays, Mondays, and Thursdays, when a bal champêtre is given in the imme- diate vicinity of the wood, near the town. At the bottom of the hill of Meudon are the immense chalk quarries of Molineaux, which are well deserving the attention of the curious. Meudon contains upwards of 3,000 inhabitants. Fête the two Sundays following the 4th of July. Con- veyances : rue Dauphine, 26 ; rue Christine, 6 ; and place du Carrousel. MONTMARTRE. This village is situated on the summit of a commanding height of the same name, at a very short distance north of the walls of Paris. It was here, according to some ancient legends, that St.-Denis and his companions were beheaded. The event, however, is not well proved ; but it is certain 31 362 ENVIRONS that the word marte, or martre, indicates a place devoted to the execution of criminals. A convent of Benedictine nuns was established at Montmartre, by Louis-le-Gros and his consort Queen Adelaide ; who, having buried the king, and her second husband, Mathieu de Montmorency, retired into this abbey in 1153, where she finished an ex- emplary life . The fame of this illustrious devotee, together with that of the convent itself, reaching the court of England, Matilda, wife of King Stephen, granted them the right of taking for their service every year at Boulogne the quantity of 5,000 herrings. Time, however, weakened the fervour of these nuns ; they soon grew weary of sacrificing nature to their pious duties. The devil and the flesh pre- vailed, and the nuns ceased to merit their 5,000 herrings. This nunnery was placed directly on the summit of the mountain. About half way down was a chapel dedicated to the Saint-Martyr, supposed to be the spot on which St.- Denis suffered ; here was anciently a priory. It was in this chapel that Ignace de Loyola, and nine of his compa- nions, made their first vows in 1531. The situation of Montmartre has always made it an important position in the defence of the town. On the 10th of August, 1792, the National Assembly, who had decreed the formation of a camp of 20,000 men around the capital, to maintain or- der, authorised the establishment of a park of artillery on the heights of Montmartre. In 1814 a handful of men de- fended this position for some time against the attack of the whole Russian army, but it was taken by storm. Montmartre is now famous for its guinguettes, its plasterquarries, and wind- mills. The Parisians are fond of climbing this hill to admire the fine view it affords ofthe capital. Near the top is an obelisk, erected in 1736 ; which marks the direction of the line of longitude from the Ob- servatory to Collioure. On the summit is a telegraph which corresponds with Brest, Bordeaux, and Spain. Po- pulation : 4,630 . MONTMORENCY Is a small town, 4 % leagues north-west of Paris, delight- fully situated on an eminence commanding a most exten- sive and picturesque view of the valley of the same name. The forest is in the vicinity of the town ; on its borders OF PARIS. 363 exists the house, called the Hermitage, where, and in another house, called the petit Mont- Louis, Rousseau composed a great part of his immortal writings. It was while residing in this latter house, during a severe winter, that he used to retire for four hours every day to an open " donjon," at the extremity of the garden, where, without any other fire than that of his own genius, he wrote, in the space of three weeks his celebrated letter to d'Alem- bert, on the theatres. The Hermitage afterwards became national property, and was let to several persons, amongst others to Regnaud de Saint-Jean-d'Angely, who was constrained to cede it to Robespierre. It was in this house that Robespierre, in 1793, drew up a proscription list for Montmorency . The property afterwards passed into other hands, till, in the year 1797, it was purchased by the composer Gretry, who died here, and in whose family the possession still remains. The hermitage does not now exist as in the time of Rous- seau, though the rooms which he inhabited have been carefully preserved ; they form but a small portion of the new construction. In the garden are a laurel-tree and a rose- bush, said to have been planted by the philosopher. This rose is said to have inspired him with the music of the well known song, " Je l'ai planté, je l'ai vu naître,” etc. The garden is also ornamented with busts of Rousseau and Grétry. In the saloon are shown several objects which belonged to these great men. Near the above is a house known by the name ofthe Chalet de l'Ermitage, formerly a very small house, in which Boyeldieu and the grandson of Franklin once resided. It is now a delightful country- seat. The family of the Montmorencies are famous in the history of France, but there now exist no remains of the ancient château of the Connétables de France. The church is a fine Gothic edifice of the 14th century, containing some magnificent painted glass. The valley of Montmo- rency abounds in wines and cherry-trees. Horses and asses, ready saddled , are also to be found for the accom- modation of visitors , who wish to take a ride in the forest. Population : 1,789. Fête : July 22, and two following Sundays. Conveyances : rue du faubourg St.- Denis, 12, 51 , and 67 ; rue Neuve St.-Denis, 25 ; rue d'Enghein ; and porte St. -Denis. 364 . ENVIRONS MONTREUIL Is a populous village, containing 3,338 inhabitants, in the neighbourhood of Vincennes, about a league east of Paris, celebrated for its excellent peaches and its poires de Cras- sane, fruits reared with great care by the able cultivators in this neighbourhood. Conveyances : rue J.-J. -Rous- seau, 13. MONTROUGE Is a large village, half a league from Paris, on the route to Orleans, containing 3,847 inhabitants. It is chiefly re- markable for its hospice de la Rochefoucauld, or house of retreat for indigent people of both sexes. (See page 254). Population : 3,847. Conveyances : place St. -Michel ; and rue du Pont-de- Lodi, 1 . MORFONTAINE Is remarkable for its château and parks, formerly belonging to Joseph Bonaparte. It was here that, in 1800, the treaty of peace was signed between France and the United States of America. Morfontaine is nine leagues northeast of Paris, on the Flanders' road, and is celebrated for the beauty of its site, diversified with numerous streams and lakes. Population : 487. Conveyances : rue St.- Martin, 247 and 256 ; and rue du faubourg St.-Denis, 51. NANTERRE. This village was the birth-place of the patroness of Paris, the celebrated Ste. Geneviève, born here in the 5th century. It is said that St. - Germain assured the parents of this humble shepherdess that on the day of her birth the angels in heaven were so joyous that they celebrated it as a great fête. At her death many miracles were per- formed at her tomb, and it was then that the city of Paris put itself under her protection. In a court in this town exists a well, supposed to have been the source from which this holy family supplied themselves with water, whence it enjoys a reputation for miracles ; near this well is a bucket of water, and a glass for the accommodation of drinkers. Nanterre was formerly surrounded with walls, and fortified ; and has long been renowned for its sausages and OF PARIS. 365 cakes. Population : 2,511 . Fête : last Sunday in May. On the following day the ceremony of the crowning of the Rosière takes place. Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 10 and 18 ; and place de la Concorde. NEUILLY Is a pretty village, half a league west of Paris, on the road to St.-Germain. The river was formerly crossed at this point by a ferry, but Henry IV. and his queen, having been nearly drowned here, in 1606, in consequence of the horses plunging into the water to drink, a bridge was soon after erected on the spot. The present construction, by Peyronnet, was built in 1772 ; it is composed of five arches of equal dimensions, so that it has no elevation in the centre. The château here is the private residence of the present king ; and the royal family occasionally visit it. There are numerous country houses in the vicinity. Population, 5,608 . Fête : Sunday after June 24. Con- veyances place de la Concorde ; and by the Orléanaises, place de l'Oratoire. NOGENT-SUR-MARNE. Alarge village, two leagues from Paris, containing 1,200 inhabitants, on the summit of one of the hills that border the Marne. Fête : Whitsunday and two following days. Conveyances place de la Bastille ; and Marché St.- Jean, 16 . Is an ancient village 3 ORLY leagues south of Paris, containing about 600 inhabitants. It was formerly a fortress of con- siderable strength, having held out against the English, in 1360, during three months. The tower of this church still exists in the state in which it was left by the besiegers . Fête : June 1. Conveyances : rue Dauphine, 26 ; and Cour de la Ste. - Chapelle, 13. PASSY Is a large village, which, from its proximity to Paris, may almost be considered as one of its faubourgs . It is plea- santly situated on an elevation on the right bank of the Seine ; and, on account of its mineral springs and the 31 366 ENVIRONS purity of the air, is frequently chosen for a residence by English families. Franklin once lived here ; one of the streets is even called by his name. Raynal, the enemy of priesthood and despotism, and Piccini , the rival of Gluck, both resided and died here. At the entrance of the bois de Boulogne, opposite the château de la Muette, a castle now in ruins, is a vast esplanade and building, called the Ranelagh, where, during the season, the best society of the neighbourhood assemble for the fetes champêtres on Sundays, and where subscription balls take place on week days. Population : 4,545 . Fête : first and second Sundays in May. Conveyances : rue de Valois -Batave, S. PLESSIS-PIQUET Is a village three leagues south-west of Paris, on an accli- vity in a pleasing, picturesque, and fertile country. Here is a château, which formerly belonged to Colbert. Popu- lation : 217. Fête : Sunday after July 22. Conveyances : place St. Michel, POISSY Is a small and ancient town, five leagues from Paris, on the route to Caen, at the extremity of the wood of St.- Ger- main-en-Laye. Charles-le-Chauve held an assembly of the dignitaries and prelates of the kingdom in this town, so early as 868. It is not certain that the kings of France had a château here at this period, but they are known to have had one in the time of King Robert, in the 16th century. The church is said to have been built by King Ro- bert, but the architecture does not appear of a more an- cient date than the 12th or 13th centuries. It is a fine structure, and gives an advantageous idea of the town of which it was destined to be the church. St.-Louis, who was born at Poissy in 1215, was baptised in this church, and the font at which the ceremony was performed is care- fully preserved in a chapel of the nave, on the left. Phi- lippe-le-Bel was interred here in 1314. The church was not terminated till 1330, by Philippe de Valois. Poissy has been several times in the hands of the English . But what renders it most celebrated in history are the conferences known by the name of the Colloques de Poissy, which took place in 1561 , in the choir of the abbey, be- OF PARIS. 367 tween the doctors of the Catholic and Protestant faith ; at which Charles IX. and his court were present. In this town is a stone bridge, one of the longest in France. It is here that the cattle-market for the supply of the butchers of the metropolis is held. (See Caisse de Poissy, page 75). Population : 2,850. Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 2 ; rue St. -Thomas- du-Louvre, 36 ; and place du Carrousel. PRÉ-ST. -GERVAIS Is a delightful little village, three-quarters of a league north east of Paris, at a short distance from Belleville, containing 375 inhabitants. Here are many villas and country-houses, and the neighbouring territory is covered with vineyards and orchards. On the 28th March, 1814, a severe action took place here between the French and the Wurtemburg troops, in which the village was lost and retaken with great slaughter. The most ancient aqueduct for the supply of water to the capital exists at Pré-St.- Gervais. Fête : first Sunday in August. Conveyances : rue J. - J. - Rousseau, 20. RAINCY. This is one of the finest châteaux in the environs of Paris-the private possession of the present king of the French. It is situated in the commune of Livry, 3 leagues from Paris, and was built in the 17th century, by Jacques Bordier, councillor and secretary to the king; who, it is said, spent 4,500,000 livres in its construction. In 1750 it was purchased by the Duke of Orleans, who laid out the grounds in the English style. Conveyances : rue St. - Martin, 247. RAMBOUILLET. This is a small town about twelve leagues south- west of Paris on the high road to Chartres. The castle in the vicinity is constructed of brick, and flanked with ancient towers ; in one of which Francis I. died in 1547, at the age of 52 years. It is said that his sufferings during his Jast illness frequently extorted from him the exclamation : Dieu me punit par où j'ai péché, " God punishes me where I have sinned. " It is seated in a park surrounded by a vast forest abounding with game, which has rendered it a favourite residence with many of the French kings : 368 ENVIRONS Louis XIV. held his court here occasionally ; with Louis XV. and Louis XVI. it was a favourite residence : and Charles X. frequently visited it on hunting excursions ; it was here, in 1830, that this latter king, driven from his capital, signed his abdication of the French throne. The chamber in which Francis I. slept, and held his levees, exists in pretty nearly the same state as at his time ; his sword, casket, and coat of arms have, however, been removed. The park and gardens were laid out by Le Nôtre. At a short distance from the castle is a farm created by Louis XVI. in 1786 , destined for a flock of Spanish rams ; the first and best breed of Merinos ever introduced into France. A sale of these sheep takes place every year. Two fairs are held at Rambouillet ; one on the second Monday in September ; the other, which is chiefly for the sale of wool, on the 25th June. Population : 3,147. Conveyances : rue Notre- Dame-des- Victoires , 22 ; rue du Bou- loi, 23 ; and rue des Vieux-Augustins, 13. ROMAINVILLE, A league and a half north- east of Paris, is agreeably situated on the borders of the celebrated wood of the same name. The château, built on an eminence, affords one of the finest views in the environs of Paris. The park, laid out in the English style, contains a complete collection of the foreign trees and shrubs that the skill and patience of horticulturists have been enabled to naturalise, and is embellished with several pieces of water. There is another château, called the Moulin de Romainville, also delightfully situated , with numerous plantations tastefully laid out. Fête : July 31. Conveyances : rue J.-J.- Rous seau, 20 ; rue des Prouvaires, 12. ROSNY, A pretty village, 15 % leagues north-west of Paris, is re- markable for having been the birth-place of Sully. The château is ancient, and constructed of bricks. This castle was purchased by the Duchesse de Berry, who, on the as- sassination of the Duke, founded an hospital here, in the chapel of which she placed a monument to his memory. Conveyances : rue de Bouloi, 24. OF PARIS . 369 RUEL, OR REUIL. A large village situated near the high road from Paris to St.-Germain, at about two leagues west of the capital. The first store of the church was laid in the year 1584, by Antoine, titular king of Portugal, who at this time was residing at Ruel. The portico was erected by Lemercier, at the expense of the Cardinal de Richelieu ; it is orna- mented with the Doric and Ionic orders of architecture. There is reason to suppose that the tower of this church was erected by the English during their occupation of this part of the country ; it being of the octagonal form so much employed by them, at that time, in constructions of the kind. In a chapel near the high altar is a monument after designs by Berthaut, to the memory of the Empress Jose- phine, erected by her son, Eugène Beauharnais, and her daughter, Hortense, wife of Louis Bonaparte. The pedes- tal is twelve feet long by six feet wide ; the whole presenting an elevation of 20 feet. The empress is represented in the act of devotion. The statue, executed by Cartellier, conveys a striking resemblance of this excellent woman. In the same church is a monument to the Comte Tascher de la Pagerie, uncle of the Empress, erected by her to his memory. Richelieu chose Ruel for his ordinary residence : he so embellished the castle and gardens, that they far surpassed any of the royal palaces in magnificence. It was here the Cardinal used to rid himself of those against whom he had a private pique. On such occasions the scene generally opened with a splendid dinner, and con- cluded with an execution : the guests consisting of a few of his satellites, the victim, and the executioner. In 1793 this château was declared national property, and having passed through several hands, became the domain of Mar- shal Massena. Population : 3,417 . Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 18 ; and place du Carrousel. ST.-CLOUD. This village, originally called Novigentum, Nogent- sur- Seine, may be traced back to the earliest ages of the French monarchy. Its celebrity, as well as its present name, ori- ginated in a barbarous murder committed in 533, by Kings Childebert and Chlothacaire, on the persons of two of 370 ENVIRONS their nephews. The third, who escaped the fury of these assassins, was deprived of his long hair, the sign of royalty, and compelled to adopt the ecclesiastical profession. On his death he was interred in this spot, and from the miracles performed on his tomb, he acquired the reputa- tion of a saint-Sanctus Clodoaldus, alias Saint-Cloud ; a name which, in process of time, supplanted that of No- gent-sur- Seine. Few places figure oftener in French history than Saint-Cloud. As an important military point, it has successively been in the possession of all the contending factions. In 1538, it was burnt to the ground by the English. During the religious wars it was besieged and taken by Coligni, and the Prince de Condé. It was here too that Henry III. was assassinated by Jacques Clement, while he held that position in conjunction with Henry IV. , then King of Navarre. The site now occupied by the chateau, to which the village is principally indebted for its present celebrity, was formerly covered by four country houses. Louis XIV. bought the ground in the following manner. Mazarin, anxious to purchase a summer residence for Louis's brother, determined to get possession of those in existence as cheaply as possible. He paid the principal proprietor a visit, and after complimenting him on the beauty of his château, requested to know what it might cost him. The building, spacious and admirably embel- lished, had cost the contractor more than a million of livres. Unwilling, however, to confess his ill got wealth, he told the Cardinal, who had maliciously valued it at 1,200,000, that he had not even expended 300,000 on the building. The Cardinal took him at his word, sent him the stipulated sum, stating at the same time that the mes- senger, an attorney, was bearer of a contract for the sale of his house, which he was politely required to sign . The present palace was then constructed under the superintendence of Lepautre ; and the parks and gardens laid out by designs from Le Nôtre. In 1793, the whole became na- tional property. In 1799, Bonaparte here contrived to put himself at the head of the government by overthrowing the Directory, and consequently the republic. Raised to the crown, he showed a sort of predilection for this first scene of his greatness, which he enlarged and embellishe: so as to render it worthy of being his residence , In 1814, OF PARIS. 371 this sumptuous palace fell into the hands of the Allies, who were satisfied with admiring its beauties. But on the second invasion Blucher, who established his headquarters here, showed himself a less classical guest. This Gothic warrior took a pleasure in treating such delicacies and works of art with contempt. He even carried his politeness so far as to sleep booted and spurred in the emperor's bed. His hounds were kennelled in the most splendid rooms, and on the richest sofas. Amongst the objects he appropriated to his own use, were the paintings of Napoleon's family, which he carried off as so many trophies. This village rises in the form of an amphitheatre, on the steep side of a hill commanding the left bank of the Seine, which is traversed by a beautiful stone bridge. The population is about two thousand . The church, as it now stands, offers nothing remarkable. It consists only of a part of a nave terminating at the window. The founda- tions of the choir, windows, etc. , are still visible. The portico, even, is wanting, the church being entered from the opposite side. The cemetery is only remarkable for the tomb of the celebrated actress , Mrs. Jordan. The château is an irregular building, occupying a superficies of 950 toises. It consists of a central edifice 142 French feet in length, and 70 in height, receiving light from above; and of two wings 322 feet in length by 61 in breadth. Of these wings, one is single, the other double-both terminating in pavilions of equal depth. The principal fa- çade is ornamented with several pieces of sculpture and with four Corinthian columns, surmounted byfour statues, representing Strength, Prudence, Wealth, and War. The two wings are decorated in a similar manner. On the right is the goddess Cybele, and in niches allegorical statues of Youth, Music, Eloquence, and la Bonne Chère ; on the left, Bellona, and in niches emblematical statues of Comedy, Dancing, Peace, and Plenty. The statues are by Denizot, the sculpture by Dupont. Allegorical figures of the Seine and the Oise, by Nanteuil, decorate the entrance of the court, on the left. The interior is divided into nine compartments : seven called d'Honneur, consisting of the grands appartemens, and two petits appartemens. The state apartments are 372 ENVIRONS distributed as follows : the gallery and saloon of Diana, the gallery of Apollo, the saloons of Mars, of Louis XVI., of the princes, and the large saloon. The salon de Diane, furnished out in 1821 , presents nothing very remarkable : the hangings are in tapestry of the Gobelins. The salon de Mars is ornamented with 16 pilasters, and four Ionic columns of marble, each of a single piece. On the ceiling is a painting representing the God summoned by Vulcan to witness the infidelity of Venus. At each of the four an- gles may be seen the device of the Duke of Orleans ; a bomb-shell bursting ; motto-Alter post fulmina terror. The paintings are by Mignard . This saloon communicates with the galerie d'Apollon-the ceiling of which was also painted by Mignard : it is looked upon as his master- piece. Here are a quantity of pictures, amongst others, several by Lesueur, two by Rubens, and one by Michael Angelo. The salon de Louis XVI. , now used as a billiard- room, was hung with crimson velvet, manufactured at Lyons, and which cost 56,152 francs. In the centre of the ceiling is a painting of Truth, by Prud'homme. In the salon des Princes is an admirable time-piece by Robin, which cost 10,000fr. , and a carpet of the Savonnerie of 11,750fr. The grand salon is hung with crimson velvet, cost 92,283fr. , and ornamented with four large bronze and gilt candelabra, cost 30,840fr. , and several Sèvres China vases. The other apartments are in a style equally sumptuous, and adorned with paintings by the best masters. The park is about four leagues in circumference, and has been a public promenade since the time of the regent Duke of Orleans. Marie Antoinette, when she purchased it, reserved a part of it for her own private use, a circumstance which gave rise to the distinctions of petit parc and grand parc. The petit parc, which ex- tends from the basis of the château to the summit of the hill on the left, slopes away on the right to a kind ofvalley which is the centre of every possible embellishment. Here are gardens and flower-beds, groves, pieces of water and statues, of every figure and description, emblematical and mythological. The grand parc is principally remarkable for its cascades and water jets. Here every thing speaks so completely to the eye, that description is useless. The cascades are divided into the haute cascade, and the OF PARIS . 373 basse cascade. The first is the work of Lepautre, the second that of Mansard. The latter is the more extensive of the two. It is 270 feet in length, and 96 in breadth. To supply both cascades for the space of an hour, no fewer than 3,700 hogsheads are necessary. The reser- voirs are so planned that the cascades can play three hours every fortnight. The grand jet d'eau rises 125 feet above the level of the basin, and spouts up with such violence as to be capable of raising a weight of 120 lbs. It consumes 600 hogsheads of water in an hour. The lanterne de Demosthène is another remarkable curiosity of this park. It occupies the summit of the platform. M. de Choiseul, during his stay in Turkey, had a copy taken of the handsome monument at Athens, known by that The brothers Trabuchi executed an imitation of it in earthenware, which they exposed in the public exhi- bition ofthe year 1803. This was too singular a work not to attract attention. Napoleon commanded an obelisk to be built for its reception on the spot it now occupies. The view obtained from the summit of this species of Belvidere is at once extensive and delightful. name. The fête of St. - Cloud, which opens on the 7th of September and lasts three weeks, is peculiarly lively and picturesque. Distance from Paris, two leagues. Conveyances : rue Duphot, 8 bis ; rue de Rohan, 20 ; and place de la Concorde. ST.-CYR. This village, a league west of Versailles, and five leagues from Paris, was long celebrated for an institution established by Louis XIV. for the instruction of 250 daughters of noblemen without fortune, of which Madame de Maintenon declared herself protectress . Racine's tragedy of Esther was first represented here, in presence of Louis XIV. by the pupils of this school. Madame de Maintenon died here in 1719. The building in which this institution was held was constructed by Mansard, in 1686, and finished in the course of a twelvemonth, 2,500 workmen having been employed upon it. The military school which Napo- leon had formed at Fontainebleau, was transferred to St.- Cyr in 1806. The number of pupils is 300. Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 6; and rue des Vieux- Augustins, 6. 32 874 ENVIRONS ST. -DENIS. It seldom happens that monasteries are indebted for their foundation to men of peaceable and virtuous lives ; they generally originate in the perpetration of some crime or act of atrocity. Such, at least, is the origin of the abbey of St. - Denis. Dagobert, son of Clotaire II . , taking advantage of his father's absence, determined, for some affront, real or imaginary, to cut off his governor's beard, a punishment, which, according to the prejudices of the times, de- voted the sufferer to infamy. The operation was so roughly performed as to carry off a part of the patient's chin, after which the unfortunate man was inhumanly cudgelled by the prince's servants. To avoid the punishment he so richly deserved for such an act of violence, young Dagobert took refuge in the chapel of the martyrs ; where an invisible hand protected him from the messengers sent to arrest him. The dedication of the church, built in gratitude for this protection, was altogether particular in its way, being performed by no less a personage than our Saviour himself, dressed in pontifical robes, and accompanied by the great apostles Peter and Paul, as also by the glorious apostle of Gaul, St. - Denis, ar his inse- parable fellow- martyrs, St. -Rusticus and St. -Eleutheros. In consequence of its divine consecration the church was entitled to supremacy in all ecclesiastical causes, depending upon no power, civil or religious, except that of the Pope. All criminals, too, even those guilty of high treason, who once took refuge within its precincts, were looked upon as exempted from secular authority. Its most remarkable abbots were Suger, and Mathieu de Vendôme, both able politicians, and regents of the realm during the absence of their respective sovereigns, Louis- le-Jeune, and St.- Louis. The famous oriflamme appeared for the first time at the head of the royal armies during the reign of Louisle- Gros. Previous to this, it had been used in the private wars of the abbots, but as the kings were persuaded of its miraculous influence, it supplanted the cope of St.-Martin, which had hitherto served as a banner. The oriflamme was far from deserving its splendid name. It was a diminutive flag of red silk, at the extremity of a lance plated with copper, cut into three points, and terminating in tufts OF PARIS. 375 of green silk. A model of it may be seen suspended at the bottom of the choir, above the relics of the patron saint. Under Francis 1. and Henry II. , the abbey became a com- mandery for the second time, when most of its abbots were chosen from the families of the Bourbons and the Guises. During the reign of Louis XIV. , the brotherhood was compelled to submit to a system of reform, and their abbey was placed under the jurisdiction of the archbishop of Paris. As great changes have taken place in the church since the suppression of the monastery during the revolu- tion, it may be necessary to give a short account of its ap- pearance, and the monuments it contained previous to that period. The ensemble of the church, though built at so many different epochs, presents a beautifully Gothic mo- nument. The church was rebuilt in 1231 , by Queen Blanche and St.-Louis. The choir was finished in the reign of Philippe-le-Hardi, in 1281. The bronze bas-reliefs on the three gates, and the grotesque figures with which they are surrounded, are worthy the attention of the curious. The large organ case, supported by an ar- cade of 40 feet in length, which runs along the whole breadth of the nave, is modern, and the production of the architect Duval. The iron railing beside the choir is re- markable for the beauty of its workmanship. In the sanctuary, and to the right of the high altar, was the tomb of the founder. Dagobert is represented in a re- cumbent posture, with a standing figure of his wife, Nan- tildes on one side, and on the other that of his son, Clovis the Second. The epitaph, a recent composition, was as follows :-" Ci-git Dagobert Premier, fondateur de Céans, roi en l'an 632 jusqu'à 645." The bas-reliefs ornamenting the tomb, and which have been carefully preserved, are singularly curious In the first chapel on the left of the choir was the superb mausoleum of Turenne, now seen at the Invalides. To the right was the tomb ofthe renowned Duguesclin, rival in arms and virtue of the famous Black Prince. In the sacristy was a glass painting of the death and miracles of St.-Louis. The treasure of St.-Denis contained a vast number of curious objects. It was divided into so many presses, each of which held its particular donation. In the first was to be seen some of the hair of the Virgin. But this was the 376 ENVIRONS , less extraordinary as several of the abbeys in France could show one or more locks of the same commodity. An image of the Virgin holding a reliquary containing the swaddling clothes of the infant Jesus. In the second, an iron bar of the grate onwhich St.-Laurent was burnt ; a reliquary with some of the bones of the prophet Isaiah. In the third, a gold crown with one ofthe thorns of the crown of Christ. In the fourth, a vase of oriental agate, the finest and rarest of its kind. The hieroglyphical figures were in a state of perfect preservation, and of exquisite workmanship. The least questionable relic of them all was contained in the sixth, namely, the royal robe which had served in the co- ronation of Louis XVI. The crowds of Christians who flocked to pay their de- votional visits to the holy tomb of the martyrs, insensibly gave rise to a populous village ; while the church and monastery attracted such numbers of pilgrims and inhabitants, that by the time of the abbot Suger, the place had obtained the appellation of the town of St.-Denis. In 869 Charles-le-Chauve enclosed it with a wall, which included , besides the monastery, a considerable extent of ground : this, with the palace built by Charlemagne, had rendered it the residence of the emperors and kings of France. In the time of Philippe I, the western suburbs extended to the banks of the Seine, as far as the château presently known by the name of La Briche. On the east they pro- jected beyond the gate of St. -Remi ; and occupied on the south the plain stretching between St. -Denis and the town of Aubervilliers. In 1358, during the reign of Jean II . , St. -Denis was pillaged by the soldiers of Charles - le-Mauvais. Under Charles VI. St.- Denis, with the greater part of the kingdom, fell into the power of the English. In 1430, the town was repeatedly lost and taken. In 1435, it was again taken bythe Armagnacs, who, four months after, consented to surrender it to the English, on condition they should be allowed to leave the place with whatever they could carry. In 1436, a detachment of English pil- laged the abbey, and carried off several precious relics. In 1436 the town was taken by assault, and the surviving English put to the sword. During the war of the Calvin- ists St.-Denis was thrice taken by the different parties, in 1561 , 1567, and 1590. It was here that Henry IV. OF PARIS . 37.7 abjured the Protestant persuasion, on Sunday 25th July, 1593. If we add to the list of calamities, the wars of the Fronde, and the different events of which St.- Denis was the theatre, we can easily account for the disappearance of the suburbs, of which there does not now remain the slightest trace. Notwithstanding the suppression of the monastery in 1792, the town itself still contained monuments sufficiently curious and important to attract a great number of visitors. Unfortunately most of them being connected with the memory and exploits of the kings, they gave offence to the republican pride of those who governed the country, and a decree was issued for the destruction ofthe tombs of St. -Denis. In consequence, however, of the remonstrances of some enlightened people, the Con- vention was prevailed upon to name a commission for the purpose of preserving such of the monuments as should be judged worthy of that honour. On the 12th of October, 1793, the work of devastation was begun. The tomb of Turenne was the first which was opened. The Mar- shal's body was found in a state of perfect preservation ; and his tomb transported to the Museum of French monuments. Bonaparte afterwards transferred it with great solemnity to the church of the Invalides. The vault of the Bourbons was next opened. The body of Henry IV. was discovered in a state exactly similar to that of Turenne; and such was the enthusiasm of the by-standers on seeing the remains of the gallant Henry, that a soldier cut off a fewhairs of the mustachio, and swore that he should never wear any other. Francis I. , those contained in his vault, and Louis XV. , were found in a state of rottenness, and exhaling a putrid smell. The bodies of these kings were afterwards deposited in one common grave, and the grass of the fields replaced the gorgeous mausoleums and pom- pous inscriptions which had hitherto loaded their tombs . In 1794, there was some talk of demolishing the church : this measure luckily went no farther than stripping off the lead ofthe roof, to cast balls intended for the enemies of the republic. In 1796, they began to roof it with tiles ; but the work was suspended in 1797 ; when the demolition again became matter of discussion. But the edifice was preserved at the expense of its glass windows, of which it was stripped in 1799. During the consulship of Bonaparte 32 * 378 ENVIRONS the church was again repaired ; and in 1806 Napoleon published a decree, by which the church of St.-Denis was consecrated to the sepulture of the emperors. The same decree ordered four chapels to be erected in the interior, three on the site occupied by the tombs of the kings, and the fourth on that intended for the sepulture of the em- perors. The name of such of the kings as had monuments in the church were to be engraved on tables of marble. The Maison Royale d'Education was also another of Na- poleon's foundations. We shall now give as rapid a sketch as possible of the most remarkable monuments which the church presents to the visitor since the late repairs. The first now seen on entering is the tomb of Dagobert, situated under the four pillars which support the steeple. Opposite, and under the tower to the right, is that of Queen Nanthildes, ornamented with lozenges and fleurs - de- lys ; sculptures of the 16th century. On the same side, and in the last lateral chapel before reaching the window may be seen the mausoleum of Francis I. It is in white marble, the columns are of the Ionic order, fluted, and sixteen in number. They support a beautiful sculptured vault, under which are the recumbent figures of Francis and Claude his queen. Above are five kneeling figures in marble : they are those of the king, queen, princes, etc. This magnificent tomb is the work, some say, of Primaticcio, others, of Nicolo . The two principal bas-reliefs represent the battles of Marignan and Cerisolles. Opposite this chapel are to be seen the tombs of Louis XII. and Henry II . The basement of the first is raised on two steps, and ornamented with bas- reliefs. At the four angles are seated four large female figures, emblematical of Prudence, Justice, Temperance, and Strength, unhappily mutilated during the civil wars. The naked figures of the king and his consort are in a recumbent posture. The tomb is surrounded with ordinary sized statues of the twelve apostles ; and the entablature bears a socle, on which are represented kneeling figures of the king and queen. This beautiful work is said to be the joint production of Paul Ponce and Juste ; and is one of the first monuments in the antique style which appeared in France. The tomb of Henri de Valois is of beautiful white marble, ornamented with twelve composite columns, OF PARIS. 379 and raised on a basement, in the form of a pedestal . Four bronze figures, larger than life, are placed at the angles, and represent the four cardinal virtues. In the centre are the corpses of Henri II. , and queen Catherine de Medicis. The same personages are observed above the entablature, where they are represented in a kneeling posture : sculp- tor unknown. The tombs in the subterranean vaults are far from remarkable as productions of art ; but the paintings in the sacristy are particularly worthy of notice. They are as follow: 1. The Preaching of St. -Denis, by Monsiau. 2. Dagobert commanding the construction of the church of St.- Denis, by Menageot. 3. The Institution of the Church of St.-Denis as a royal sepulture, by Garnier. 4. The De- dication of the Church of St.-Denis in presence of the Emperor Charles V. , by Meynier. 5. St.-Louis placing in the choir of St.- Denis, the cenotaphs he had erected to the kings his predecessors, by Landon. 6. St. -Louis receiving the oriflamme at St. - Denis, before his departure to the Holy Land, by Barbier, sen. 7. Philippe III. carrying on his shoulders the mortal remains of his father, St. -Louis, by Guérin. 8. Charles V. visiting the church of St. - Denis, where he is received by Francis I , accompanied by his two sons and courtiers, by Gros. 9. The coronation of Marie de Medicis, at St.-Denis, by Monsiau. 10. Louis XVIII. ordering the works of the church of St.-Denis to be continued, by Menjaud. The new statues which formerly made a part of the interior decoration of the sepulchral chapel, destined to the emperors of the dynasty of Napo- leon, are now placed in the intercolumniations round the vault of the Bourbons. They are : 1. Charlemagne, done in marble, by Gros ; 2. Louis-le-Débonnaire, by Bridau ; 3. Charles-le-Chauve, by Faucon ; 4. Louis-le-Bègue, by Deseine ; 5. Charles-le- Gros, by Gaule ; 6. Louis d'Ou- tremer, by Dumont. By an ordinance of July, 1814, Louis XVIII. modified the statutes of the house of education of Ecouen, and uniting it with that of St.-Denis, commanded that it should be served by a religious congregation, called Congrégation de la Mère de Dieu. By another of 1816 , St.-Denis be- came the leading establishment, and now occupies the buildings of the old abbey. Here are admitted the daugh- 380 ENVIRONS ters, sisters, nieces, etc. , of the Members of the Legion of Honour. Besides the usual elements of education, they are taught history, geography, drawing, music, and hotany. The road leading to St. - Denis is spacious, and planted on each side with a double row of trees ; it is crossed by a canal, over which there is a bridge. The town is rather commercial, and possesses several first rate manufactories. The most remarkable is the wholesale manufactory of gum elastic tissue ; having a steam engine of 12 horse power, and 1,200 looms. There is also an extensive brewery, and two sugar houses. The fairs are three in number : one called, la foire de Lendit, which dates as far back as 629, when it was held on the highway ; since 1556 it has been confined to the town. It opens in the month of June, and lasts a fortnight ; another, which commences on the 24th February, lasting also a fortnight ; and the third, lasting nine days, which opens on the 9th of October. Population : 9,686 . Fête : first Sunday after the 9th Oc- tober. Conveyances : rue du faubourg St.-Denis, 12 ; and at the porte St.-Denis. ST. -GERMAIN-EN- LAYE. The town and château of Saint- Germain occupy an emi- nence on the road from Paris to Caen, at the distance of 4½ leagues west of the capital, and 2½ north of Versailles, The number of peasants induced to inhabit that part of the forest in consequence of the establishment of a monastery, and the attractions offered to courtiers bythe château, may be considered as the real origin of this town. In 1346 it had attained considerable celebrity for its wealth and po- pulation, when it was sacked and reduced to ashes by the English, who treated it in the same manner in a second visit which they paid it in 1419. It was here that the first manufactory of mirrors was established , in imitatton of those in Venice. The secret was introduced into France by Thesco Mutio, whom Charles IX. rewarded by letters patent of nobility, in 1561. Henry IV. , to show his gracious predilection for Saint- Germain, granted the inhabi- tants an exemption from all charges, a privilege which ex- isted down to 1789. In 1815 the English succeeded the Prussians; and are accused by the French of treating the town somewhat in their former style. This, of course, is OF PARIS. 381 merely a patriotic exaggeration, though it is solemnly averred that many of the soldiers appropriated the ladies' caps in the very streets, for the purpose of converting them into frills. The château, or palace, was inhabited by Louisle- Gros. His successors, Louis-le- Jeune, Philippe Au- guste, Saint-Louis, Philippe- le- Hardi, and Philippe- le - Bel , frequently resided in it. Louis XI. , who was never very fond of the country, made a present of the building and premises to a Jacques Coytier, in 1482. This donation was revoked by the parlement on the death of the monarch. The marriage of Francis I. took place here, and was a lucky event for the château, which was then falling into ruins. He caused it to be rebuilt, and adorned with every species of embellishment. In consequence of these repairs and improvements, it was successively inhabited by Henry II. , Charles IX. , Henry III. , and Henry IV. Louis XIII. here felt the first attacks of the disorder which carried him to the grave. It was here, too, the baptism of his son the dauphin took place. The dying monarch requesting to know the name which had been given him, the young prince answered aloud : Je m'appelle Louis XIV. "Not yet," replied the father ; but as he looked upon the answer in the light of an omen, he added, " but shortly, perhaps, if it is the will of God." Louis XIV. terminated the terrace begun by Henry IV. This splendid promenade is half a league in length, and ninety feet in breadth, skirted by noble trees, and commanding one of the most magnificent views imaginable. The five large pa- vilions with which the château is flanked are also a part of the additions made to the building by this monarch, for the better accommodation of his numerous and pompous court. The sight of the steeple of Saint- Denis, the burialground of his ancestors, which is easily perceived from St.- Germain, was a memento mori little calculated to please the superb monarch . To avoid such a disagreeable lecture on mortality, Louis abandoned the palace, after expending enormous sums, and betook himself to Versailles, leaving the château to his forlorn mistress, the mild and kind- hearted Lavallière. The next guest here was the famous James II . , who after twice losing his throne, had taken refuge in France, where he spent his time in conversing with monks, and touching for the king's evil . He died in 382 ENVIRONS 1718. A very handsome monument has been erected to his memory in the new and elegant church recently built on the place d'Armes opposite the palace. It was executed by Lord Stuart at the expense of George IV. , and contains the heart of James, which was found in a leaden box, on digging the foundation of the new church, 12th July, 1826. The château retains little or nothing of its ancient mag- nificence in the interior. The large apartments, in particular, are stripped of every thing which might remind the visitor of his being in a palace. The bed- chambers still bear traces of ornament, though in a sad state of decay. That in which James II. breathed his last is pointed out to the traveller. The view from the top of the edifice is par- ticularly commanding. The chapel has been lately restored at considerable expense, and offers some good specimens of painted glass. The walls and ceilings were originally ornamented by Le Sueur. The forest of Saint- Germain is one of the finest in the vicinity of Paris. It is enclosed with walls, and contains 8,500 acres. There is little game, in consequence of the havoc made among them by the pea- sants in 1830. To prevent the traveller's losing himself, guide posts are placed at suitable distances. The roads are numerous, and intersect the forest in almost every di- rection. Several crosses have also been erected, probablyto commemorate events, the nature of which is now unknown. There is a considerable tannery here, and a brisk trade in corn, etc. etc. There are also fairs held for two days on the 25th of August. That which opens on the Sunday fol- lowing the 30th of the same month is called foire des loges, and is held in the centre of the forest. It vies in beauty and celebrity with the fête of Saint-Cloud. Saint-Germain is a favourite residence of the English, and contains a po- pulation of 10,671 souls. Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 18. ST.-MANDÉ. This village, three quarters of a league east of Paris, near the village of Vincennes, is chiefly composed of coun- try-seats belonging to the Parisians. Population, 1,707. Fète Sunday after June 29. Conveyances : rue du Bou- loi, 23 ; and place de la Bastille. OF PARTS. 383 ST. -MAUR Is an ancient village, two leagues from Paris, in a penin- sula formed by the Marne. Here was formerly a Benedic- tine abbey, of which François Rabelais was a monk. It is said that this ingenious but licentious writer composed his Pantagruel here. It was at St. -Maur that the Confrères de la Passion, first performed their mysteries. The Prince de Condé had a large château here, which was destroyed at the Revolution ; some vestiges of it, and an extensive park may still be seen on the left bank of the Marne. A canal and tunnel to shorten the navigation of the Marne, which here makes a circuit of five or six leagues, com- mences at this place. It is cut through the solid rock, lined with mason work, and is more than half a mile in length. The vault ofthe tunnel is 30 feet in height ; and the same number of feet in breadth ; and the towing path is 10 feet wide. Population : 832. Fête first Sunday after June 24. Conveyances : rue du faubourg St.- Denis, 25 ; and place de la Bastille. ST. -OUEN. This village is situated in an extensive plain, north of Paris, on the right bank of the Seine. Dagobert, and many of the early kings of France, had a palace here. Amongst the numerous country houses in the vicinity may be remarked a superb château, in which Louis XVIII. stopped onthe 2d of May, previous to his solemn entry into Paris, in 1814. It was here that he issued the famous Declaration de St. Ouen, which preceded for a few days the constitutional charter which this monarch bestowed upon his country. M. Ternaux possesses a remarkably fine country house here, the extensive gardens of which are bathed by the Seine. Here may be seen some remarkably fine Thibet goats, introduced into France by this enterpris- ing manufacturer ; and a number of silos, or subterranean storehouses, in which experience has proved that corn may be preserved perfectly fresh during several years. A large gare, or dépôt, for the reception of boats and lighters, and warehouses for goods and merchandise from Rouen, Havre, and foreign countries, have lately been constructed in a small plain between this village and Clichy-la-Garenne.. 384 ENVIRONS On the 24th of August a fair commences here which lasts three days. Population : 896. Fête : first Sunday after Aug. 25. Conveyances : rue du faubourg St.-Denis, 12 ; and rue du Petit Reposoir, 7. SCEAUX Is a large and well built village, 24 leagues south of Paris, containing 1,439 inhabitants. Colbert erected a magnificent château here ; the gardens were laid out by Le Nôtre, and ornamented with the work of the sculptors Girardin and Pujet. It was here that he twice received a visit from Louis XIV. , on which occasions the fêtes vied in mag- nificence with those of Marly and Versailles. These possessions fell into the hands of the Duc de Maine in 1700, who made it the rendezvous of the most learned and distinguished men ofthe time. Voltaire, Fontenelle, Lamotte, St.- Aulaire, Chaulieu, Genest, Malézieu, and a number of other literary characters used to meet here. In 1775 , the philanthropic Duc de Penthièvre became possessor ofthis château. He attached to his person the amiable and sentimental Florian, who terminated his life here in 1794. At the revolution the château and park were sold as national property, and the château was demolished. The mayor of Sceaux and some other persons bought a part of the gardens, which they converted into a place of amusement. Every Sunday from the 1st of May to the 1st of November, there is a bal champêtre in these gardens, which is much frequented. Fête : 1st Sunday after June 24. Conveyances : place St.- Michel. SÈVRES. A large village, 2½ leagues west of Paris, on the highe road to Versailles, celebrated for its manufactory of porcelain. (See page 206). It is of great antiquity, as it is known to have existed between the years 560 and 570- The church, at least the choir and the tower, dates from the 13th century ; the nave is more modern. A fine bridge of stone was erected here in 1812. In 1815, an arch of it was blown up to prevent the passage of the Prussians, who met with so much resistance here, that the village was given up to plunder during a week ; the porce- lain manufactory alone was respected . Sèvres possesses OF PARIS . 385 Population : 3,500 . Fête : first Sun- Conveyances : rue de Rohan, 20 ; many country seats. day after June 24 . and place de la Concorde. SOISSY-SOUS-ETIOLLES, Seven leagues south of Paris, on the right bank of the Seine, is chiefly remarkable for the number of magnificent châteaux in its vicinity, and its fine landscapes. Popula- tion : 300. Fête : Aug. 15. Conveyances : rue Mont- martre, 55 and rue Geoffroi-Lasnier, 27. SURESNE, A large village on the left bank of the Seine, two leagues west of Paris, containing many country houses. The festival ofthe Rosière is celebrated here every year on the day ofthe Assumption (Aug. 15). The rector selects three girls of the village most distinguished for their good con- duct, and from these the parish officers elect one, who is crowned with a garland of roses, and receives 300fr. The wine of Suresne was formerly the theme of poets, who pre- tended it was superior to Burgundy and Champagne. Its quality, however, is so much deteriorated as to have fallen into a proverb. Population : 1,444 . Conveyances : rue St.-Honoré, 331 ; and place du Carrousel. VAUGIRARD Is a large village contiguous to the walls of Paris, on the south-west, abounding in guinguettes . Population : 6,695. Conveyances by the Favorites from the place Dauphine, and the Madeleine . VERSAILLES. In 1084, Versailles possessed a collegiate, a parish church, dedicated to Saint Julien, and an abbey. In spite of these advantages, however, it presents but little historical interest previous to its becoming a species of hunting residence un- der Louis XIII. The château built by that monarch, merely to avoid sleeping in an inn or a windmill after the hunt, was such as would have done but little honour to a private gentleman. Such was the opinion entertained even by contemporaries, for when the assembly of Notables were convoked in 1627 for the purpose of inquiring into the 33 386 ENVIRONS royal expenses for construction, Bassompierre opposed all views of economy, under pretence that his Majesty was but little of a builder, unless the shabby château of Ver- sailles could be adduced as a specimen of his architectural propensities. The parsimony of the father was fearfully compensa- ted by the prodigality of the son. On the death of Mazarin, and the extinction of the wars occasioned by the regency of the queen dowager, Louis XIV. resolved to manage the reins of government himself. The habits of pomp and profusion in which he indulged threw a new lustre on the court of France, while they paved the way to every species of extortion and oppression. Hitherto the royal residence had been alternately fixed at Paris, Vin- cennes, or Saint-Germain. This last was deserted by Louis in consequence of the disagreeable effect produced on his mind by the tower of Saint-Denis ; and as neither Paris nor Vincennes suited his taste, he determined on erecting a palace which should at once impress his cour- tiers and subjects with a proper sense of the royal dignity. Versailles had the honour of his choice. The works were begun in 1661 , and carried on with great activity under the direction and superintendence of Levau. The original intention merely tended to the aggrandisement of the construction by Louis XIII., and though far from presenting the palace which is now seen, still, in 1666, the general aspect of the place was completely changed. The fête cele- brated at that period, for several days, is chiefly remarkable for the performance of a piece of Molière, in which that great genius acted a part. It was on this occasion, too, that the monarch expressed a wish to see the three first acts of Tartuffe, which the author had not yet entirely finished. Levau was succeeded by Mansard, who attempted to persuade Louis that the preservation of his father's château would completely mar the effect of the palace. A peremptory refusal compelled the architect to proceed, so that the three façades of what is called the Courde Marbre were respected, though presenting a shabby contrast with the imposing buildings which surround it. The Cour de Marbre was connected with the buildings of Levau, in front of the château, by means of an additional construction, in a style harmonising with the original OF PARIS. 387 edifice. Mansard, however, took measures for masking the façade fronting the garden ; and having succeeded, was at liberty to prosecute his plans without any apprehension of their effect being destroyed. Thus the general appear- ance of the château had thrice been changed, and now occupied a parallelogram of about 420 feet. The southern wing was constructed in the sequel, though not then con- nected with the palace as it afterwards was. The celebrated grotto and torrent, which discharged its waters through artificial rocks, under the vaults of the edifice, was demolished, and its site occupied by a chapel in 1665, by another in 1782, and by the preseut, finished in 1710 . With the northern and southern wings, one would have supposed there was sufficient accommodation for the courtiers and their suite. This, however, was so far from being the case, that it was necessary to construct the two parallel buildings, which form a third court, and extend so far as the iron railing. Adding to the different constructions_enumerated, the immense square edifice called the Grand Commun, in front of the southern wing, one may conceive an idea of the totality of buildings which constitute the chateau de Versailles. The Grand Commun was intended for the valets, and contained no fewer than a thousand chambers. Beyond the last enclosure, termi- nated by an iron railing, is a spacious place d'armes, en- tered by three majestic avenues, presenting a magnificent aspect. The metamorphosis operated in another quarter was no less miraculous. The humble gardens of Louis XIII. were consigned to the creative genius of Le Nôtre, who admirably seconded the beautiful conceptions of Man- sard. Here, too, the obstinacy of Louis interfered with the plans of enlargement. In one night, however, the ac- tivity of Le Nôtre overthrew every obstacle, the royal alley, du tapis vert, received the necessary dimensions ; the other alleys were done in a style of corresponding grandeur. Pieces of water were skilfully distributed throughout, and the appearance of the orangerie, finished in 1685 and 1686 , worthily crowned the whole The grand gallery of the château is one of the most re- markable in Europe for its extent and magnificence, as well as the beauty of its paintings. It is nearly 200 feet in length, and 30 in breadth, and is lighted by 16 large 388 ENVIRONS windows, opposite which are so many arcades with mir- rors, reflecting the gardens and sheets of water. The ceil ing, painted by Lebrun, represents, under symbolical figures or learned allegories , a part of the history of Louis XIV. , divided into twenty paintings on a large, and IS on a small scale. The present King being resolved to convert the gallery into a national museum, great changes are making in the choice and arrangement of paintings. The Grand Trianon is a building in the Italian style, consisting of a ground floor merely. It was constructed by Mansard, and exhibits a graceful specimen of taste and elegance. The body as well as the two wings are of Lan- guedoc marble. It was originally intended for collations, was afterwards converted into sleeping apartments, and finally metamorphosed into a splendid palace ornamented with delightful gardens. A dispute which took place be- tween Louis XIV. and Louvois, concerning a window of the Trianon, and which Le Nôtre decided in favour of the monarch, excited such a tempest of passion in the minis- ter's breast, that he determined to render himself more than ever necessary by involving his master in the war of 1688 , which made the throne of Louis totter to its basis. The Petit Trianon was gradually built and finished by Louis XV. , who seemed to be little at his ease in the grave and imposing mansion of his predecessor. The gar- den is laid out in the English style, and presents all the beautiful disorder of nature. It is impossible to give any thing like an adequate idea of the astonishing splendour and skilful distribution of the gardens in general. The eye is struck with a succession of wonders which completely baffles description. There is, however, an evident want of life in this magnificent whole, a blank, a something to be filled up, leaving a painful impression on the mind ; and which is seldom wholly removed, except on fète days, when the solemn stillness is broken by the crowd, and the death- like repose thrown into movement by the variegated and enlivening play of the waters. The sums sunk in rearing this stupendous monument, amounted to considerably more than 35 millions sterling. Population : 28,477. Convey- ances : rue de Rivoli, 2 and 4 ; rue de Rohan, 6 ; and place de la Concorde. OF PARIS . 389 VINCENNES. The village and castle of Vincennes are situated at about one-fourth of a league from the barrière du Trone. The epoch of the construction of the first castle is not known. It is certain that Louis VII. founded a religious order here in 1161 ; and that Philippe-Auguste surrounded the forest with walls, in order to presérve the game, in 1183. St.-Louis often resided here, and, according to Joinville, frequently administered justice to his subjects, seated under a large oak tree. That part of the castle now called the donjon was commenced by Philippe de Valois, in 1337. This castle was completed under Charles V., who frequently inhabited it. Henry V. , King of England , the hero of Agincourt died at Vincennes on the 31st of Au- gust, 1422. Up to the time of the reign of Louis XI. this castle had always been used as a country residence, but this prince converted it into a prison of state. Vincennes now ceased to be the residence of the kings of France, though they occasionally visited it. Charles IX. died here in 1574. Louis XIII. added some new buildings to the south, which were finished by Louis XIV. Under Louis XIII. , or rather under Richelieu, many persons were con- fined here ; amongst others the two Condés, and the Duc de Beaufort. Diderot, the author of the Encyclopedia, was confined here during six months, and Mirabeau was imprisoned from 1777 to 1780. Here he wrote his translation of Tibullus, his work against the Lettres de Cachet, and his Lettres à Sophie. During the early stages of the revolution Vincennes was employed as a prison for prostitutes. Napoleon converted not only the donjon, but the whole château into a state prison, in which every person suspected by the police, or regarded as dangerous to the safety of the state, was confined. At a later period a detachment of the imperial guard kept vigilant watch in this castle, which had recovered all its former horrors. Every body is acquainted with the tragic history of the unfortunate Duc d'Enghein, arrested in Germany on the 15th March, 1804, lodged in Vincennes on the 20th, con- demned to death the same evening by a military tribunal, and shot at four o'clock on the following morning, in the ditch of the castle . A column of granite on a basement of 33 * 390 ENVIRONS OF PARIS . black marble, on which may be read the inscription, Hic cecidit, marks the spot where this political assassination was committed . At a short distance a small cross in stone indicates the grave in which the body reposed during fifteen years. This simple monument is shaded by a weeping willow. The body has been deposited in the chapel of the fortress , and a splendid monument erected to his memory, after designs by Deseine. This château is still used as a state prison ; it is also the central depôt of artillery and ammunition, in consequence of which a great force is always maintained in it. • This castle is a regular parallelogram of considerable dimensions ; round it were formerly nine towers, of which eight were demolished to the level of the walls in 1818 ; that which remains is a lofty square tower forming the principal entrance. The donjon is a detached build- ing on the eastern side ; it is ascended by 244 steps of a bold and delicate construction. The entire building is sur- rounded by deep ditches lined with stone. The Sainte Chapelle, which has been recently restored , was built by Henry II., and is a most exquisite specimen of Gothic archi- tecture. It contains some windows of coloured glass by Cou- sin, after designs of Raphael. The high altar, and the balus- trade of white marble which separates the choir from the nave, are also Gothic, and in perfect keeping with the rest of the edifice. This is the largest and most regular fortress of the middle age that France possesses ; owing all its strength to art, and nothing to nature. It has been so solidly built that it does not yet bear the least trace of decay; and it would take some time to make a breach in its walls. It was perhaps owing to this circumstance that the allies did not think proper to expend life and time on its reduction in 1814 and 1815. On Vincennes possesses some agreeable country-houses and gardens. The wood contains a superficies of 1,467 acres. It abounds in game. The ancient trees were entirely de- stroyed in 1731, and the present plantation sown. the left ofthe road, half-way between Paris and this place, are a villa and paper manufactory belonging to the noto- rious Vidocq. Population : 2,884. Fête : Aug. 15, and following Sunday. Conveyances : marché St.-Jean, 16 ; rue du Bouloi, 23 ; and place de la Bastille. LIST OF THE STREETS, QUAYS, PLACES, BOULEVARDS, ETC., OF PARIS . The following list of the streets , places, etc. of Paris, alphabetically arranged, with the names of the streets, places, etc. from which and to which they lead, will be found of greal use not only to the stranger, but to the resident. EXPLANATION. The figures at the end of the third column indicate the arrondisement. To find the rue des Abattoirs, it will be at once seen that it leads from the faubourg St.- Denis to the faubourg Poisson- nière, and that it is in the third arrondisement; to find the rue du Cadran, it will be perceived that it leads from the rue du Petit- Carreau to the rue Montmartre, and that it is in the fourth arrondisement. By reference to the map the exact position of the street will be per- ceived at a glance. The uames of streets preceded by the word Saint should be looked for under the letter S : by the word Neuve under N. Rue Abattoirs (des) Abbaye (de l') Acacias (des) Aguesseau (d') Aiguillerie (de l') Albouy Aligre (d') Leadingfrom the faubourg St.-Denis- rue de l'Echaudé r. Neuve-Plumet r. du faub. St.-Honoré r. Saint-Denis r. des Marais r. de Charenton Amandiers-Pop. (des) r. Popincourt Amandiers S -Gen. (des ) Amboise (d') Ambroise-Paré r. de la Mon. Ste. -Gen. r. de Richelieu Amelot Amélie Amsterdam Angevilliers (d') Anglade (de l') Anglais (des) Anglaises (des) r . de l’Hộp. St.- Louis place St.-Antoine r. St.-Dominiq.Gr.Gail. r. St.-Lazare r. des Poulies r. l'Evêque r. Galande r. de Lourcine Angoulême-Templ . (d') boulevard du Temple Angoulême-S. - Hon. (d', avenue de Neuilly Anjou-Marais (d') r. de Berry Anjou-Thionville (d') r. Thionville Anjou-S.-Honoré (d') Antin (d') Arbalète (de l') Arbre-Sec (de l') Arcade (de l') Arche-Marion (de l' ) Arche-Pepin (de l ') Arcis (des) Argenteuil (d') Arras (d') r. du taub. St.-Honoré r. Neuve-des-P. -Cham. r. Mouffetard place de l'Ecole r. de la Madeleine quai de la Mégisserie à la Seine r. St.-Jac. -la-Boucher. r. des Frondeurs r. St.-Victor To the faub. Poissonnière 3 r. St.-Germain 10 r. de Sèvres 10 r. de Suresne 1 cloit. Sainte-Opport. 4 r. des Vinaigriers 5 p. du Mar. Beauveau 8 bar. des Amandiers 8 r. des Sept-Voies 12 r. Favart 2 chemin de ronde 5 r. Saint-Sébastien 8 r. de Grenelle 10- carré de l'Europe 1 r. de l'Oratoire 4 r. Traversière 2 r. des Noyers 12 r. du Pelil-Champ 12 r. Folie Méricourt 6 r. du faub, du Roule 1 r. du Grand Chant. 7 r. de Nevers 10 r. de la Pépinière 1 r. Neuve-St. -August. 2 r. des Charbonni. 12 r. St.-Honoré 4 r. de la Pépinière 1 r. St.-Germ.- l'Aux. 4 r. St.-Germ.-l'Aux . 4 r. des Lombards 6 et 7 r. Neuve St. -Roch 2 r. Clopin 2 392 LIST OF THE STREETS , ETC. , Кие Arts (des) Assas (d') Astorg (d') Aubry-le-Boucher Austerlitz (d') Aveugles (des) Avignon (d') Babille Babylone (de) Bac (du) Bagneux (de) Baillet Bailleul Baillit Bailly Ballets (des ) Banquier (du) Barbette Barillerie (de la) Barouillère Barre-du-Bec Barres ( des) Barrés (des) Bar. Poissonnière(de la) Bar.delaChapelle( de la) Bar.des Gobelins (de la) Barthélemy Basfroi Basse-des-Ursins Basse-du-Rempart Basse-Porte- St. - Denis Basse St.-Pierre Batailles (des) Battoir-St. -André (du) Battoir- St. -Victor (du) Baville (de) Leadingfrom the enclos de la Trinité r. du Cherche-Midi r. de la Ville -l'Evêque r. Saint-Marlin à la Seine r. Garancière r. Saint-Denis r. des Deux-Ecus r. du Bac quai d'Orsay r. du Pelit-Vaugirard r. dela Monnaic r. de l'Arbre-Sec r. des Bous-Enfans r. Saint-Paxant r. Saint-Antoine r. du Marc. aux Chev. r . des Trois-Pavillons r. de la Pelleterie r. de Sèvres r. de la Verrerie quai de la Greve r. Saint-Pau! r. des Magasins r. Bar. Poissonnière lelong des Abattoirs aven. de Breteuil r. de Charonne r. des Chantres r. de la Chaus. -d'An. r. du faub. St.-Denis quai de Billy r. de Longchamp r. Hautefeuille r. Copeau cour Harlay Bayard des- Ch. - Elysées cours la Reine Bayard-des-Invalides Beaubourg Beauce (de) r. Kléber r. Simon le Franc r. d'Anjou Beaujolais-au- Marais r. de Bretagne Beaujolais-du-Pal . Roy. r. de Valois Beaujolais-St.-Honoré r. de Chartres Beaune (de) quai Voltaire r. Poissonnière r. des Deux-Porles r. Neuve St.-Paul r. de Charenton Beaux-Arts- de- Seine r. de Seine Beauregard Beaurepaire Beautreillis Beauveau Bellart Bellechasse Bellefond Bellièvre Benjamin Constant r. Pérignon quai d'Orsay r. du faub. Poisson. quai de la Gare pointe Ste.-Eustache Bercy-au-Marais (de) r. Vieille du Temple To the r. Grenétat 4 r. de Vaugirard 11 r. de laPépinière 1 r. St.-Denis 6 aux Invalides 10 pl. St.-Sulpice 11 r. de la Savonnerie G r. de Viarmes 4 boul. des Invalides 10 r. de Sèvres 10 r. de Vaugirard 10 r. de l'Arbre-Sec 4 r. des Poulies 4 r. Croix -des- Pet. -Ch. 4 r. Henri 6 r. du Roi de Sicile 7 r. Mouffetard 12 r. Vieille du Temple 8 quai des Orfev. 9et 11 r. du Pet.-Vaugir. 10 r. Neuve St.-Merri 7 place Baudoyer 9 r. du Fauconnier9 bar. Poissonnière 3 r. des Abattoirs 3 (12) ch. de ron. bar. de Sèv. r. de la Roquette8 r. de Glatigny 9 égl. de la Madeleine 1 r. Hauteville 1 r. de Chaillot 1 ruelle Ste.-Marie 1 r. del'Eperon 11 r. du Puits- de- l'Her. 12 cour Lamoignon 11 allée des Veuves 1 r. Duguesclin 10 r. Michel-le-Comte 7 r. de la Corderie 7 r. Forez 6 r. Montpensier 2 r. de Valois L r. de l'Université 1 boul. Bon.-Nouvelle 5 r. Montorgueil 5 r. St.-Antoine 9 marché Beauveau 8 r. des Pet.-August. 10 ch. de r. b. de Sèvres 10 r. St.-Dominique 10 r. Rochechouart 2 r. Bruant 12 r. Mauconseil 3 et 5 r. Bourlibourg 7 OF PARIS. 393 Rue Bercy-St.-Antoine (de ) Bergère Bernardins (des) Berry (de) Bertin-Poirée Béthisy Beurrière Bibliothèque ( de lạ) Bichat Bienfaisance (de la) Bièvre (de) Billettes (des) Biron Bizet Blanche Blanchisseuses (des) Blancs-Manteaux (des) Bleue 8 Bochart Bondy (de) Bon-Puits (du) Bons-Enfans (des) Bordat Bossuet Boucher Boucherat Boucherie des In . (de la ) Boucheries-St.-G. (des) Boucheries St.-Ho. (des) Boudreau Boulangers (des) Boule- Rouge (de la) Boulets (des) Bouloi (du) Bouy -de-Longch. (du) Bourbe (de la) Bourbon- le- Château Bourbon-Ville-Neuve Bourdonnais (des) Bourdonnaye (de la) Bourg-l'Abbé Bourgogne (de) Bourguignons ( des) Bourtibourg Boutebric Braque (de) Breda Bretagne (de) Breteuil (de) Bretonvilliers Brisemiche Brodeurs (des) Bruant Bruxelles Bucherie (de la) Leadingfrom the r . de la Contrescarpe r. du faub. Poissonnière r. de la Tournelle r. de Poitou To the har. de Bercy 8 r. du fau . Montmartie2 1. Saint-Victor 12 r. de Bretagne 7 r. St. -Germain-l'Aux. r. Thibault- aux-Dez 4 r. des Bourdonnais r. du Four place de l'Oratoire r. du faub. du Temple r. du Rocher r. des Grands-Degrés r. de la Verrerie r. de la Santé r. des Blanchisseuses r. St.-Lazare allée des Veuves r. Vieille-du-Temple r. du faub. Poissonnière r. de Latour d'Auver. r. du faub. du Temple r. St.-Victor r. St.-Honoré marché St.-Martin quai de la Cité r. de la Monnaie r. des Filles du Calvaire quai d'Orsay carrefour de l'Odéon voyez Jeannisson r. Trudon r. St.-Victor r. du faub. Montmart. r. de Montreuil r. du Roule 4 r. du Vieux-Colomb. 11 r. Saint-Honoré 4 hospice Saint-Louis 9 r. de Miromenil 1 r. Saint-Victor 12 r. Ste.- Croix- de-la- B1.7 r. du fau. St. Jacques 12 grand. r. de Chaillot 1 bar. Blanche 2 r. de Chaillot 1 r. Ste.-Avoye 7 r. Cadet 2 avenue de Trudaine 2 r. du faub. St.-Martin 5 r. Traversièré 12 r. N. des Bons-Enf. 4 r. Mongolfier 6 r. Chanoinesse 9 r. Thibault-aux-Dez 4 r. Charlot 6 r. Dom. Gros-Cail. 10 r. du Four 10 et 11 r. Caumartin 1 2 r. des Fos. - St.-Vict. 12 r. Richer2 r. de Charonne 8 r. Croix-des-Petits-Ch. r. Coquillière 4 r. de Longchamp r. St. -Jacques r. de Bussi 1 r. du Petit-Carreau r. Béthisy avenue Lamot. Piquet r. aux Ours quai d'Orsay r. de Lourcine de la Verrerie de la Parcheminerie r. du Chaume r. des Martyrs r. Vieille du Temple r. Royale quai de Béthune cloître St.-Mérri r. Babylonne projetée seulement projetée seulement place Maubert r. de Lubeck 1 r. d'Enfer 12 r. de l'Échaudé 10 r. St.-Denis 5 r. Sl.-Honoré 4 aven. Lowendal 10 r. Grenétat 6 r. de Varennes 10 r. des Capucins 12 r. Ste.-Croix de la Bre.7 r. du Foin 11 r. Ste.-Avoye 7 r. Frochot2 r. de la Rotonde6 et 7 place St.-Vannes6 r. St.-Louis en l'île 9 r. St.- Merri 7 r. de Sèvres 10 boul. l'Hôpital 12 terrain de Tivoli r. du Pet. -Pont 9 et 12 394 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC. , Buffault Buffon Rue Buisson-St. -Louis (du) Bus-i (de) Bu te- Chaumont (de la) Buttes (des) Cadet Cadran (du) Cafarelli Caire (du) Calandre (dela) Campagne Première Caneltes (des) Canivet Capucins (des) Cardinale Cardinal-Lemoine (du) Carême-Prenant Cargaisons (des) Carmes (des) Caron Carpentier Carrières (des ) Carrousel (du) Cassette Cassini Castellane Castex Castiglione Caumartin Cendrier (du) Censier Cérisaie (de la) Chabannais Chabrol (de) Chaillot (de) Chaise (dela) Leading from the r. du faub. Montmartre boul. de l'Hôpital r. St. -Maur r. Mazarine r. du faub. -St. -Martin r. de Reuilly r. du faub. Montmartre r. du Petit-Carreau r. dela Corderie r. St.-Denis r. du Marché Palu r. N.-D.-des Champs r. du Four r. Servandoni r. des Bourguignons r. Furstenberg quai de la Tournelle r. du faub. du Temple ' r. du MarchéNeuf r. des Noyers marché Ste.-Catherine r. du Gindre r. de Longchamp place du Muséum r. du Vieux Colombier r. du faub. St.-Jacques r. Tronchet r. de la Cerisaie r. de Rivoli r. Basse-du-Rempart r. du Marc.-aux-Chev. r. du Jardin du Roi r. Lesdiguières r. Neuve des Peti.-Ch. r. du faub. St. -Denis r. de Longchamp r. de Grenelle Champ-de- l'Aloue.(du) r. de Lourcine Champ-des - Capu. (du) r. de la Santé Champs ( des) Champs-Elysées (des) Champs-Elysées (les) Chanoinesse Chantereine Chantre (du) Chantres (des ) Chanverrerie (de la) Chapelle (de la) Chapon Chaptal Charbonniers S.-A. (des) r. de Longchamp place Louis XV. place Louis XV. r. Bossuet r. du Faub, Montmart. place du Muséumn r. Basse-des - Ursins r. St.-Denis r. Château-Landon r. du Temple r. de la Larochefoucault r. de Bercy Charbonniers S.M. (des) r. de l'Arbalète Charenton (de) Charité (de la) Charlot r. du faub. St.-Antoine r. St. Laurent r. de Bretagne To the r. Coquenard r. duJardin du Roi 12 bar. de la Chopinette 5 r. Ste. -Marguerite 10 bar. du Combat 5 r. Picpus8 r. Montholon 2 r. Montmartre 4 rotonde du Temple 9 place du Caire 5 r. de la Barillerie9 boul. Mont-Parnasse 11 pl. St. -Sulpice 11 r. Férou 11 r. St. -Jacques 12 r. de l'Echaudé 10 r. St.-Viclor 12 r. Grang. - aux- Belles 5 r. de la Calandre 9 r. St. Hilaire 12 r. Jarente 8 r. Cassette 11 r. Croix-Boissière 1 place du Carrousel 1 r. du Vaugirard 11 r. d'Enfer 12 r. de l'Arcade 1 r. St.-Antoine r, St. -Honoré 1 r. N. des Mathurins 1 r. des Fos -St.-Mar. 12 r. Mouffetard r. du Petit-Musc. 3 r. Ste.-Anne 2 r. Lafayette 3 avenuc de Neuilly 1 r. de Sèvres 10 r. Croulebarbe 12 r. des Capucins 12 r. Croix-Boissière 1 r. du faub. St.-Honoré 1 place de l'Etoile 1 r. de la Colombe 9 r. de la Chau.-dAnt2 r. St.-Honoré 4 r. Chanoinesse 9 r. Mondétour 4 et 5 chemin de ronde 5 r. Transnonain 6 et 7 r. Blanche 2 r. de Charenton 8 r. des Bourguignons 12 bar. Charenton 8 r. de la Fidélité 5 boul, du Temple 6 OF PARIS, 395 Rue Charonne(de) Chartière Leadingfrom the To the r. du faub. S.-Antoine, bar. de Fontarabie, 8 r. du Mont S.-Hilaire, r. de Reims, 12 place du Carrousel, quai St.- Michel, Chartres-du-Roule ( de) r. de Monceau, Chartres St.Honoré (de) Chat-qui-Pêche (du) Château-Landon Chauchat Chaudron (du) Chaume (du) r. du fbg. S.-Martin, r. de Provence, r. du faub. St.-Martin, r. des Bl. Manteaux, bar. de Courcelles , 1 pl . du Palais-Royal, 4 r. de la Huchette, 14 harr. des Vertus , 5 r. Chantereine, 2 r. Château-Landon , 5 r. des Vieilles-Haudri. 7 r. St.-Lazare, 1 et 2 r. N. St.-Gilles 8 r. de l'Aicade, 1 chem. de r. Chopin, 5 aven. des Ormes, 8 bar. de Pantin, 5 r. de Suresne, 1 r. de Popincourt, 8 car, de la Croix-Rouge, r. du Regard, 10 et 11 Chevalier-du-Guet (du) r . de la Vieil. -Harang. r. des Lavandières, 4 av. Latour-Maubourg. aven. Tourville, 10 Chaussée d'Antin(de la) boulevart des Italiens, Ch. -des-Minimes(de la ) place-Royale, Chauveau-Lagarde *r. Tronchet, Ch.de la Chopinette(du) r. St. - laur , Chem. de Lagny (du) Che. de Pantin (du) Che.du Rempart (du) Chemin-Vert (du) Cherche-Midi (du) Cheverl av. des Ormeaux, r. du faub. St.-Martin, pl. de l'Eg. de la Mad. r. Amelot, Chevet-St.-Landry(du) r. Basse-des-Ursins, Chevreuse (de) Childebert Chilpéric Choiseul Chollets (des) Christine Cim. St.And. des Arcs Cimet. St.-Benoît (du) Cimet. St. Nicholas (du) Cinq-Diamans (des) Ciseaux (des) Clef (dela) r. des Marmousets, 9 boul. du Mt.-Parnasse, r. Not. - Dam.- des- Ch.11 r. d'Erfurt, r. de l'Arbre-Sec, r. Neuve St. -Augustin, r. de Reims, r. des Gds. -Augustins, pl. St.-André des Arcs, r. Fromentel, r. Transnonain, r. des Lombards, r. Ste.-Marguerite, r. d'Orléans St.-Vict. , Clément Marché St. G. r. de Seine , Cléry (de) Clichy (de) Cloche-Perce Cloît. d. Bernardins(du) Cloît. Notre-Dame, Cloít. St.-Benoît (du) , Cloft. St. -Jacques (du) Cloît. St.-Merri (du)´ Clopin, Clos-Georgeot (du) , Clothilde, Clovis, Cluny (de), Cocatrix , Cour-Volant (da), Colbert, Colisée (dn) , Colombe (de la), Colombier (du) , Colonnes (des), Comète (de la) , r. Montmartre, r. St.-Lazare, r. St.-Antoine, r. de Pontoise, r. Chanoinesse, r. des Matburins, r. de la Gr. Truander. , r. de la Verrerie, r. des Fos.-St.-Victor, r. Travers. St.-Honoré, r. Clovis, r. des Fos. -St.-Victor, place Sorbonne, r. Ste.-Marthe, 11 pl. St.-Germ.-l'Aux. 4 boul. des Italiens , 2 r. St.-Etie. -des-Grès, 2 r. Dauphine, 12 r. de l'Eperon , 11 r. St. -Jacques, 12 r. St.-Marlin, 6 et 7 r. Aubry-le-Boucher, 6 r. du Four, 10 r.Copean, 12 r. Mabillon, 11 boul. Bon.-Nouv. 3 et 5 bar. de Clichy, 1 et 2 r. du Roi de Sicile, 7 r. des Bernardins, 12 r.S.-Pier. aux Bœufs, 9 àl'arc. r.St.-Jacques, 11 r. Mauconseil, 5 r. St.-Martin, 7 r. d'Arras, 12 r. Ste.-Anne, 2 r. de la Vieil. Estrap. 12 pl. Ste. -Geneviève, 12 r. des Grès, 11 r . St.-Pier. -aux- Beufs, r. des Trois Canettes, 9 r. des Boucheries , r. Vivienne, avenue de Neuilly, r. Basse--des-Ursins, r. de Seine, r. des Quat.-Vents, 11 r. de Richelieu, 2 r. du faub, St-Hono. ↑ r. Chanoinesse, 9 r. de l'Ab. S.-G.-d.-P. 11 r. des Fil. St.-Thomas, r. Feydeau, 2 r. St.-Doni. G. -Caillou , r. de Gren. G. Caill, 10 396 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC. , Кие Commerce (du) , Comtesse-D'Artois, Condé, Constantinople, Conté (de), Contral-Social (du), Leading from the enclos de la Trinité, pl. de la poin. S.-Eus. , carrefour del'Odéon, projetée seulement , p. de l'an. m. St.-Mar , r. de la Tonnellerie, Contrescarpe St.-André, r. Dauphine, Contrescarpe St. -Ant. place Mazas, Contrescarpe- S. -Marc. , r. des Fos. St.-Victor, Copeau, Coq-Héron, Coq-St.-Honoré (du), Cog-St. -Jean (du) , Coquenard, Coquilles (des), Coquillière, Corbeau, Corderie auMar. ( dela) Cord.-St.-Hon. (de ía) Cordiers (des), Cordonnerie (de la) , Corneille (de), Cornes (des), Corroierie ( de la), Cossonnerie (de la), Colte , Courcelles (de), Courtalon, Coutellerie ( de la) , ) Coutures-S.Gerv. (des), Crébillon, Courty, Cretet, Croissant (du), Croix (de la), r. Coquillière, pl. de l'Oratoire, r. de la Tixeranderie, r. Cadet, r. de la Tixeranderic, r. du Jour, r. Bichat, r. de Beauce, To the r. de Grenélat, r . Mauconseil, 6 r. de Vaugirard, 11 terrain de Tivoli, 1 r. Vaucanson, 6 r. des Prouvaires , 3 r. St.-And. des Arcs, 11 pl. St.-Antoine, 8 r. Neuve Ste. - Gen. 2 r. Mouffetard, 12 r. Pagevin, 3 r. Saint-Honoré, 4 r. de la Verrerie, 7 r. des Martyrs, 2 r. de la Verrerie, 7 r.Croix des P.-Ch.3 et 4 r. St.-Maur-Popinc. 5 r. Neuve- Saint-Roch, r. du Temple, 6 et 7 r. St. Jacques, r. du Marc. -aux-Poir. place de l'Odéon, r. du Banquier, r. Beaubourg, r. St.-Denis, r. Trouvée, r. de la Pépinière, r. Saint-Denis, r. Trouvée, r. Jean- Pain-Mollet, r. de Thorigny, r. de Lille, r. de Condé, r. Beauregard, r. du Gros-Chenet, r. Phelippeaux, Croix-Blanche ( de la ) , r. Vieille-du-Temple, Croix Boissière ( de la) , r . de Longchamp, Croix-des-Pel.-Champs r. Saint-Honoré, Croix-du-Roule ( de la ) r . du fbg. du Roule, Croulebarbe, r. Mouffetard, Crussol, r. des Fos. du Temple, Culture- Ste.-Catherine, r. Saint-Antoine, Cygne (du) Dalayrac, Damiette, Dauphin (du), Dauphine, Daval , Degrés (des) , Delaborde, Delta, Déchargeurs (des), Demi-Saint (du), Derville , Desaix, r. Saint-Denis , r. de Méhul, cour des Miracles, r. Rivoli, quai de Conti, r. de la Roquelle, r. des Mauv. - Paroles, r. Beauregard, voyez r. Chabrol, faub. Poissonnière, r. Chilpéric, r. du Ch. de l'Allou. , avenue de Suffren, r.du Marche St.-Hon.2 r. de Cluny, 11 r. de la Tonnellerie, 4 r. de Vaugirard, 11 r. des Fos. -S.-Marc, 12 r. St.-Marlin, 7 marché au Poirées, 4 r. du faub. St.-Ant. 8 r. de Monceau, 1 pl. Ste.-Opportune, 4 r , de la Vannerie, 7 r. Vieil . du Temple, 8 r. de l'Université, 10 pl. de l'Odéon, 11 r. Buchart-Solon, 2 r. Montmartre, 3 r. du Verllois , 6 r. Bourtibourg, 7 dans les Champs, 1 pl. des Victoires , 3 et 4 r . de Chartres, 1 boul. des Gobelins , 12 r. Folie-Méricourt, 6 r. du Parc-Roy. 7et 8 r. Mondetour, 5 r. Monsigny, 2 r. Bourh.-Villen. 5 r. St.-Honoré, 1 r. St.-And- d. -Arts, 10-11 r. Amelot, 8 r. de la Ferronnerie , 4 r. de Cléry, 5 5. r. Rochechouart, 2 r. d. Fos. St. -G.- l'Au. 4 r. des Fil.-Anglais, 12 chem: de ronde, 10 OF PARIS . 397 Rue Descartes, Desèze, Deux-Anges (des), Deux-Boules (des), Deux-Ecus (des) , 1 Deux-Eglises (des). Deux-Hermiles (des) Deux-Moulins (des), Deux-Ponts (des), Deux PortesS. And. (des Deux Portes S.-Jean ( des Deux Portes S.Sauv. (des Douze-Portes (des), Doyenné (du), Dragon (du), Duguay-Trouin, Duguesclin, Duphot, Dupleix , Dupont, Dupuis, Duras, Écharpe (de l ') , Echaudé- du- Ma. (de l') Echaudé-St.- Ge. (de l ' ) , Echelle (de l'), Echiquier (del ' ) , Leading from the r. de la Mont. Ste.-G., r. Godot, r. Jacob, r. des Lavandières, r. des Prouvaires, r. St.-Jacques, r. des Marmousels , boul. de l'Hôpital, quai de Béthune, r. de la Harpe, r. de la Tixeranderie, r. du Petit Lion, r. Neu.-St.-Pierre, ' pl. du Carrousel , r. Taranne, r. de Fleurus, r. Bayard, r. Saint-Honoré, r. Kléber, r. Basse-St.-Pierre, r. du Petil-Thouars, r.du faub. St. -Honoré, pl. Royale, r. de Poitou, r. de Seine St. -Germ. , r. de Rivoli, r. du faub. St.-Denis , Ecole de Médec. (de l ' ), r. de la Harpe, Ecosse ( d') , Ecouffes (des ), Ecrivains (des), Ecuries d'Artois (des) , Eglise Lafayette ( de l ') Eglise (de l' ) , Egout-Ste.- Cath. (de l') Egout-St.-Germ. (de l' ) Enfans- Rouges (des), Enfer (d'),. Enghein (d') , Epée-de-Bois (de l'), Eperon ( de l'), Epinettes (des), Erfurth (d'), Essai (de l'), Est (de l' ), Estrées (d'), Etienne, Etoile (de l ' ) , Europe, Evêché (de l') , Evêque (de l'), r. du Mont-St.-Hilaire, r. du Roi de Sicile, r. des Arcis. r. d'Angoulême, r. de la barr. -Poisson., To the r. de Fourcy, 12 r. de la Madeleine, 1 r. St.-Benoît, 10 r. Berlin-Poirée, 4 r. de Grenelle , 3 et 4 r. d'Enfer, 12 r. Cocatrix, 9 bar. d'Ivry, 12 quai d'Anjou, 9 r. Hautefeuille, 11 r. de la Verrerie, 7 r. Thévenot, 5 r. St.-Louis, 8 r. du Carrousel, 1 r. de Grenelle, 10 r. de l'Ouest, 11 r. Dupleix, 10 boul . de la Madeleine , 1 barr, de Grenelle, 10 r. de Chaillot, 1 r. de Vendôme, 6 r. du Marché, 1 r. Saint-Louis, 8 r. Vieil. du Temple, 7 r. Ste. -Marguerite, 10 r. St.-Honoré, 1 r. du faub. -Poisson. , 3 carr. de l'Odéon, 11 r. du Four, 12 r. des Rosiers , 7 r. de la Vieil . - Monn. 6 r. de l'Oratoire, 1 r. du Gaz, 3 r. S.- Domi. -Gr. - Caillou , r. de Gr. Gros-Caill . 10 r . St.-Antoine, r. Ste. - Marguerite, r. Pastourelle, place St.-Michel, r. du faub. Saint-Denis, r. Gracieuse , r. N. Ste.-Catherine, 8 r. du Four, 10 r. Porte-Foin , 7 barr. d'Enfer , 11 et 12 r. du faub. Poisson. 3 r. Mouffetard, 12 r. St. -André-des-Arcs , r. du Jardinet, 11 boul. Mont-Parnasse, r. Childebert, Marché aux Chevaux, r. d'Enfer, avenue de Villars, r. Boucher, quai des Ormes, r. de Tivoli, Pont-au-Double, r. de l'Anglade, Faub. du Roule (du) , r. de la Pépinière, Faub. du Temple (du), boul. duTemple, Faub.Montmartre (du) , boul. Montmartre, Faub.Poissonnière ( du) , boul. Poissonnière, à la barrière, 11 r. Ste. -Marguerite, 10 r. Poliveau, 12 bo. Mont-Parn. 11 et 12 place Fontenoi, 10 T. Béthisy, 4 r. des Barres, 9 r. de Londres , 1 pl. du Par. N.- Dame, 9 r. des Orties, 2 barr. du Roule, 1 bar. de Belleville, 5 et 6 r. St.-Lazare, 2 bar. du Thélégr. 2 et 3 34 398 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC., Rue Leading from the Faub. St.-Antoine (du) , r. de la Roquette, To the barr. de Vincennes, 8 r. d'Angoulême, 1 barr. d'Arcueil, 12 Faub, St.-Denis (du) , r. Basse-Porte-St. -Den. , barr. Saint-Denis, 3 et5 Faub. St.-Honoré (du) , r. Royale, Faub. St. -Jacques (du) , r. de la Bourbe, Faub. St. -Martin (du) , Fauconnier (du) , Favart, Félibien , Femmesans tête ( dela) , Fer à Moulin (du), Ferdinand, Ferdinand-Berthoud, Ferme-des-Mat. (de la) Fénélon, Férou, Ferronnerie (de la) , Fers (aux) , Feuillade (de la), Féves (aux), Feydeau, Fidélité ( de la), Figuier (du), Filles -Dieu ( des) , Filles du Calvaire ( des) Filles St. -Thomas (des) , Fleurus (de) , Foin au Marais (du) , Foin St.-Jacques (du) , Folie-Méricourt, Folie-Regnault (de la) , Fontaine(de la), Fontaine-au-Roi, Font. - Grenelle (de la) , Font. du Temple ( des ) , Fontaines-d'Ant. (des) , porte St. -Marlin, r. des Barrés, r. Grétry, r. Clément , r. St.-Louis, r. du Jardin du Roi, r. des Trois Couronnes, r. Mongolfier, barr. de la Villette, 5 r. des Prêt.-St.-Paul , 9 boul. des Italiens , 2 r. Lobineau, 10 quai Bourbon, 9 r. Mouffetard, 12 r. de l'Orillon, 6 r. Vaucanson, 6 r. Neuve- des-Mathur. , r. St.-Nicolas, 1] r. Bossuet, r. Canivet, r. St.-Denis, r. St. -Denis, place des Victoires , r. de la Vieil . Drap. , r. Montmartre, r. du faub. St. -Martin , r. du Fauconnier, r. St. -Denis, r. Boucherat, chev. de Nol. - Dame, 9 r. Vaugirard, 11 r. de la Lingerie, 4 marc. aux Poirées , 4 r. de la Vrillière, 3 et4 r. de la Calandre, 9 r. Richelieu, 2 r. dufaub. St.-Denis, 5 r. des Prêt.-S. -Paul, 9 r. Bourbon-Villen . 5 b. des F.-du-Calv . 6 et 8 r. Not. -Dame-des -Vict. , r. Richelieu. 2 et 3 r. Madame, chaussée des Minimes, r. St-Jacques, r. Ménilmontant, r. de la Muette, r. d'Orl. -St. -Marcel, r. du faub. du Temple , av. Lamothe-Picquet, r. du Temple, r. Pigale, Forez, r. Charlot, Forges (des) , cour des Miracles, Fossés du Temple ( des ) , r. Ménilmontant, Fos. Montmartre (des), place des Victoires, Fos. St. -Bernard (de ) , quai Saint-Bernard, Fos.-S.-G.-d-Pa. (des), r. de Bussy, Fos. S. -Ger.l'Aux . ( des) r. de la Monnaie, Fos. St.-Jacques (des) , r. St.-Jacques, Fos. St.-Marcel (des), r. Poliveau, Fos. St.-Martin (des), r. de la Chapelle, Fos. St.-Victor (des) , Fouarre (du), Fourcy St. -Antoine (dé) Fourcy Ste.-Gen. (de), Fourneaux (des), Fourreurs (des), Four St.-Germain (du) , Fonr St-Honoré (du), Four St.-Jacques (du) , Française, r. Saint-Victor, r. de la Bucherie, r. de Jouy, r. Mouffetard, r. de Vaugirard, r. des Lavandières, r. Ste. -Marguerite, r. St.-Honoré, r. des Sept-Voies, r. Mauconseil, r. No. Da. -des-Ch. 11 r. St.-Louis , 8 r. de la Harpe, 11 r. du faub. du Temp. & r. des Amandiers, 8 r, du Puits l'Ermite, 12 r. St.-Maur, & 10 r. de la Croix. 6 bar. Blanche, 2 marché du Temple, 6 r. du Caire, 5 r. du faub. du Temp. G r. Montmartre, 3 r. St.-Victor, 12 r. des Bouc. S.-G. 10-11 place du Louvre, 4 r. des Postes , 12 r. Mouffetard , 12 r. du fbg. St. -Denis, 5 r. Descartes, 12 r. Galande, 12 r. St.-Antoine, 9 r. N. Ste.-Genev. 12 barr.des Fourneaux , 11 r. des Déchargeurs, 4 r. de Grenelle, 10 et 11 r. Trainée, 3 et 4 r. d'Ecosse, 12 r. Pavée, 5 OF PARIS . 399 Rue François Ier, Leadingfrom the cours la Reine, Francs-Bour. Mar. (des) r. Payenne, Fr.Bourg. S.-Marc. (des) r. des Fos . St.-Marc., Fr. -Bourg. S.-Mi. (des) Frépillon, Frileuse, Frochot, Fromagerie (de la) , Fromenteau, Fromentel, Frondeurs (des), Furstenberg, Fuscaux (des), Gaillon , Galande, Garancière, Gasté, Gaz (du), Génes, Geoffroy-l'Angevin, Geoffroy-l'Asnier, Gérard-Bauquet, Gervais-Laurent, Gindre (du), Git-le-Cœur, Glacière (de la ), Glatigny, Gobelins (des) , Godot-de-Mauroy, Gourdes (des) , Gracieuse, Grammont, Grand-Chantier (du) , Grande-Friperie (de la Grande-Rue-Verte, Gran. rue d'Austerlitz, Gr. Truanderie (de la) , Grand-Hurleur (du), Grand-Prieuré (du) , Grand St.-Michel, Grands-Augustins (des) Grands-Degrés (des) , Grange-aux-Belles, Gravilliers (des), Grange-Batelière, ) r. Mons. -le-Prince, r. au Maire, quai de la Grève, r. de la Bruyère, r. du Marc. aux Poir. , place du Louvre, r. Chartière, r. St.-Honoré, r. du Colombier, quai de la Mégisserie, r. N.-des-Petits-Ch. , place Maubert, r. du Petit- Bourbou, r. Basse St.- Pierre, place Lafayette, projetée , r. Ste. Avoye, quai de la Grève, r. des Lions St.-Paul, r. de la Lanterne, r. du Vieux-Colombier, quai des Augustins, r. del'Oursine, r. Basse-des-Ursins, r. Mouffetard, r. Basse du Rempart, r. des Blanchisseuses, r. d'Orlé. St.-Marcel, r. N. St.-Augustins, r. des Vieil . Haudriet. , r. du March. - aux-Poir. , r. de la Ville- l'Evêque, bar. de l'Hôpital, r. St-Denis, r. St-Martin, r. Ménilmontant, r. dufbg. St-Martin, quai des Augustins, r. de Bièvre, r. des Marais , r. du Temple, boul. Montmartre, Grenelle Gros- Caillou, r. de Gren. -St.-Germ. , Grenelle St-Germain , Grenel. St.-Honoré (de) r. St. - Honoré, Grenétat, Grenier-St. -Lazare , Grenier-sur-l'Eau, Grés (des), Grésillions (des), Grétry, Gril (du), r. du Dragon , r. St. -Martin, r. Beaubourg, r. Geoffroi-Lasnier, r. St.-Jacques, r. du Rocher, r. Favart, r. d'Orléans-St. -Marc, To the place François Ier. 1 r. Vieil. du Temp. 7et 8 cloître St. -Marcel, 12 place St. -Michel , 11 r. Phélippeaux, 6 r. de la Mortellerie , 9 barr. Montmartre, 2 r. de la Tonnellerie, 4 pl. du Pal. - Roy. 1 et 4 r. du Cim. S. - Benoît, 12 r. de l'Anglade, 2 r. de l'Abbaye, 10 r. St.-Germ.-l'Aux. 4 r. N.-St.-Augustin, 2 r. St.-Jacques, 12 r. de Vaugirard, 11 r. de Chaillot, 1 bar. du Thélégraphe, 3 terrain de Tivoli, 1 r. Beaubourg, 7 r. St.-Antoine, 9 r. N. St.-Paul, 9 r. Sainte-Croix, 9 r. Mezieres, 11 r. S. And. -des- Arcs, 11 boul. Saint-Jacques, 12 r. des Marmousets, 9 à la Bièvre, 12 r. des Mathurins, 1 avenue de Neuilly, 1 r. Copeau, 12 boul. des Italiens , 2 r. Pastourelle, 7 r. de la Tonnellerie, 4 r. du fb. St.- Honoré, 1 barrière d'Ivry, 12 r. Montorgueil, 5 r. Bourg-l'Abbé, 6 r. de la Tour, 6 au Canal, 5 r. S.-And.-des-Arcs, 11 place Maubert, 12 r.des Récollets, 5 r. Transnonain, 6 å la bar. de la Cunet. 10 av. Labourdonnaye, 10 r. Gre. Gr. -Caillou, 10 r. Coquillière, 4 r. Saint-Denis, 6 r. Saint-Martin, 7 r. des Barres, 3. r. de la Harpe, 11 r.Miroménil, 1 r. Grammont, 2 r. Censier, 12 400 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC. , Rue Gros-Chenet (du) , Guénégaud, Guérin-Boisseau, Guillaume, Guillemites (des) , Guisarde , Hambourg, Hanovre (d'), Harcourt (d' ), Harlay au Marais, Harlay du Palais, Harpe (de la), Hazard (du), Haudrieltes (des), Haute-des-Ursins, Hautefeuille, Hauteville, Haut-Moulin , Haut-Moulin, Heaumerie (de la) , Helder (du), Henri, Hillerin Bertin, Hirondelle (de l') , Homme Armé (de l'), Honoré Chevalier, Hôpital ( de l'), Hôpital- S. -Louis (de l ' ) , Hospitalières ( des), Houssaic (du) , Huchette (de la) , Irlandais (des), Ivry (d'), Jacinthe, Jacob, Jardin du Roi (du), Jardinet (du), Jardins (des), Jarente, Jean-Bart, Jean-Beausire, Jean-de- Bauce, Jean-de-l'Epine, Jean-Goujon, Jean- Hubert, Jeannisson, Leading from the r. de Cléry, quai Conti, r. St. Martin, quai d'Orléans, r. des Blancs-Mant. , marc. Saint-Germain, projetée, r. de Choiseul, place Fontenoy, boul. St.-Antoine, quai de l'Horloge, r. Saint-Séverin, r. Traversière, quai de la Grève, r. Basse-des-Ursins, place Saint-André, r . Bas.-Porte-S.- Denis, r. Glatigny, r. de la Tour, r. de la Vieil. -Monn. , boul . des Italiens, r. Bailly, r. de Gren. - S. - Germ. , To the r. des Jeuneurs, 3 r. Mazarine, 10 r. Saint-Denis, 6 r. Saint-Louis, 9 r. de Parad. au Mar.7 r. des Canettes, 11 terrain de Tivoli, 1 r. du Port-Mahon, 1 barr. des Paillaiss. , 10 r. Saint-Claude, 8' quai des Orfèvres , 11 place Saint-Michel, 11 r. Sainte-Anne, 2 r. de la Mortellerie, 9 r. Glatigny, 9 r. de l'Ec. de Méd . 11 pl. Lafayette, 3 r. de la Lanterne, 10 faub. du Temple, 6 r. St-Denis, 6 r. Taitbout, 2 r. Royale, 6 r. de Varennes, 10 pl. du Pont-St. -Michel, r. Git-le-Cœur, 11 r. Ste.-Cr. -de-la-Bret., r. des Bl. -Manteaux , 7 r du Pot-de-Fer, boul. de l'Hôpital, r. des Récollets , r. des Rosiers , r. de Provence, r. du Pelit-Pont, r. de la Vieil. Estrapade, r. du Banquier, r. des Trois Portes, r. des Petits-Augustins, r. Poliveau, r. Mignon, r. des Barrés , r. de l'Eg. Ste. - Cath. , r. Vaugirard, r. St.-Antoine, r. de la Gr. -Friperie. , r. de la Vannerie, quai de Billy, r. des Sept-Voies, Jean-Jacques-Rousseau, r. Coquillière , Jean-Lantier , Jean-Pain-Mollet, Jean-Robert, Jean-Tison, Jérusalem ( de), Jeûneurs (des), Joaillerie (de la), Jocquelet , r. St. -Honoré, r. des Lav. Ste. -Opp., r . de la Goutellerie, r. Transnonain, r. d. Fos . S. - G.- l'Aux. , quai des Orfèvros , r. du Sentier, pl. du Châtelet, r. Montmartre, r. Cassette, 11 boulev. d'Ivry, 12 barr. du Combat, 5 r. des Francs-Bourg. 7 r. Chantereine, 2 r. Vieille-Bouclerie , 11 r. des Postes, 12 boulev. de l'Hôpital , 12 r. Galande, 12 r. de; Saints-Pères, 10 r. Copeau, 12 r. de l'Eperon, 11 r. des Prêtres-S. - Paul, 9 r. Cultu. -Ste. - Cather, 8 r. de Fleurus, 11 boulev. St.-Antoine, 8 r.de la Cordonnerie, 4 r. de la Coutellerie, 7 allée d'Antin , 1 r. des Cholels, 12 r. Montmartre, 3 r. Richelieu, 2 r. Berlin-Poirée, 4 r. desArcis, 7 r. St. -Marlin, 6 r. Bailleul, 4 r. de Nazareth, 11 r. Montmartre, 3 r. St.-Jac. la Bouch. 4-7 r. N.-D. des Victoires , 3 OF PARIS. 401 Rue Joubert, Jour (du), Jouy (de), Judas, Juifs (des), Juiverie (de la), Jussienne ( de la) , Kléber, Labourdonnaye, Labruyère, Lacaille, L.acuée, Lafayette, Laffitte, Jaiterie (de la), Lancry, Lanterne-Arcis (de la ) , Lanterne-Cité (de la) , Lappe, Lard (au) , Laval, Lavandières (des) , Lavan. Ste. -Opp. (des), Leclerc , Lenoir Faub. St.-Ant. , Lenoir St.-Honoré, Lenostre, Lepelletier, Lesdiguières, Levrette (de la), Licorne (de la) , Lille (de), Limace (de la), Limoges (de), Lingerie (de la), Lions (des), Lisbonne, Lobineau, Lombards (des) , Londres, Longchamp (de) , Longpont (de) , Longue-Avoine, Louis-le-Grand, Louis-Philippe ler, Lourcine, Louvois, Lubeck, Lulli , Lune (de la), Lyonnais (des) , Mabillon, Mâcon, Maçons (des ), Madame (de) , Leadingfrom the r. de la Chauss. -d'Ant. , r. Coquillière, r. de Fourcy, r. To the place Ste . - Croix , 1 r. Montmartre, 3 r. St.-Antoine, 9 Mont. -Ste. - Genev. , r. des Carmes, 12 r. du Roi-de-Sicile, r. des Rosiers, 7 r. de la Vieille -Draper. , r. de la Calandre, 9 r. Verdelet, quai des Invalides , avenue de Tourville, pl. St.-Georges, boul. d'Enfer, pl . Mazas, faub. Poissonnière, boulev. des Italiens, r. du Commerce, r. de Bondy, r. Saint- Bon, quai de la Cité , r . de la Roquette, r. de la Lingerie, r. Pigale, place Maubert, r . St. - Germ. - l'Auxer. , r. dufbg. Saint-Jacq., marché Beauveau, r. St. -Honoré, allée des Veuves, boul. des Italiens, r. de la Cerisaie, r. de la Mortellerie, r. des Marmousets, r. des Sts.-Pères, r. des Déchargeurs, r. de Poitou, r. St.-Honoré, r. du Petit-Musc, projetée seulement, r. de Seine, r. Saint-Martin, r. de Clichy, r. des Batailles, quai dela Grève, r. du fbg. St. -Jacques , r. N. des Pet. -Champs, r. de Rivoli, r. Mouffetard, r. Richelieu , r. de Longchamp, r. Rameau, boul. Bonne- Nouvelle, r. de Lourcine, r. du Four, r. Montmartre, 3 aven. de Suffren, 10 aven. de Lowendal, 10 r. Larochefoucauld , 1 r. d'Enfer, 12 r. de Bercy, 8 r. du faub. St.-Martin, 2 pl. N.-D.de Lorette, 2 r. des Arts, 6 r. des Marais, 5 r, des Arcis, 7 r. de la Vicil.-Drap. 9 r. de Charonne, 8 r. Lenoir, 4 r. des Martyrs, r. des Noyers, 12 cloit . Ste. -Opportune , 4 boul . Saint-Jacques, 12 r. du flg. St.-Ant. 8 r. de la Poterie, 4 r. du Colisée, 1 r. de Provence, 2 r. Saint-Antoine, 9 r. du Martroi, 9 r. Saint-Christophe, 9 r. de Bourgogne, 10 r. des Bourdonnais, 4 r. de Bretagne, 7 r . de la Gr. Friperie, 4 r. Saint-Paul, 9 terrain de Tivoli, 1 r. Mabillon, 10 r. Saint-Denis, 6 place de l'Europe, 2 barr. de Longchamp, 1 r. du Monce.-St. -Ger. 9 12 boul . des Italiens , 1 et 2 r. Saint-Honoré, 1 r. de la Santé, 12 r. Ste.-Anne, 2 1. Croix-Boissière , 1 r. Louvois, 2 r. Poissonnière, 5 r. des Charbonniers, 12 r. du Pelit-Bourbon, 11 r. St.-André-des-Arts, r. de la Vieille Boucl, 11 r. des Mathurins, r. de Vaugirard, pl. Sorbonne, 11 r. de l'Ouest, 11 34 * 402 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC., Rue Madeleine (de la), Mademoiselle. (V. Van- Madrid, Magasins (des), Magdebourg, Mail (du), Maire (au) , Maison-Neuve, Malar, Malte (de) , Mandar, Marais duTemple (des) Marais-St.-Germain, Marbœuf(de), Marché (de la) , Leading from the boul. de la Madeleine, neau), projetée , r. Delahorde, quai de Billy, place des Petits-Pères, r. Frépillon, r. de la Pépinière, r. Saint-Dominique, r. Ménilmontant, r. Montorgueil, r. dufbg. du Temple, r. de Seine , r. Bizet, r. de Poitou, Marche-aux- Chev. (du) r. Poliveau, Marché aux Fleurs (du) r. de la Pelleterie , Marc. aux Poirées (du), r. de la Petile Friperie, Mar. d'Aguesseau ( du) , Marché -Neuf ( du), Marché Palu ( du) , ¸ Marc. St. -Honoré (du) , Marché St.-Martin, Marie-Stuart, r. d'Aguesseau, r. du Marché Palu, r. de la Calandre, r. Saint- Honoré, r. Frépillon, r. des Deux Portes, Marivaux-des-Italiens, r. Grétry , Mariv. -des-Lombards, r. des Ecrivains, Marmousets-Cité (des) , r. de la Colombe, Marmous. S. Marc (des ) r . des Gobelins, Martel, Martroi (du), Martyrs (des) , Masseran, Massillon, Masure (de la) , Mathurins (des) , Matignon, Maubuée, Mauconseil, Maure (du), Mauv. Garc. S-G. (des) , Mauv. Garç. S.-J. ( des) , Mauvaises Paroles ( des) Mazarine, Mécaniques (des) , Méchain, Méhul, Ménars, Ménétriers (des) , Ménilmontant (de), Mercier, Meslay, Messageries (des) , Messine, Métiers (des), Alézières, r. des Petites -Ecuries, pl. de l'Hôtel-de-Ville, r . Saint-Lazare, r. Neuve-Plumet, r. Chanoinesse, quai des Ormes, r. Saint-Jacques, aux Champs-Elysées, r. Beaubourg, r. Saint-Denis, r. Beaubourg, r. de Bussy, r. de la Tixeranderie, r. des Lavandières, r. de Seine, r. du Commerce, r. de la Santé , r. N. des Pet. -Champs, r. de Richelieu , r. Beaubourg, r. des Fos. du Temple, r. de Viarmes, r. du Temple, r. de Paradis, projetée, r. du Commerce, r. du Pot-de-Fer, To the r. Dezése, 1 terrain de Tivoli, 1 r. Lafayette, 3 r. des Batailles, 1 r. Montmartre, 3 r. Saint-Martin, 6 r. de la Voierie, 1 10 r. de l'Un. Gr -Cail. 10 r. dela Tour, 6 r. Montmartre, 3 r. du fgh. St.-Martin, 5 r. des Petits-August. 10 avenue de Neuilly, 1 r. de Bretagne, 7] boul. de l'Hôpital, 12 r. de la Vieil.- Drap. 9 r. de la Cossonnerie, 4 r. des Saussaies, 1 r. de la Barrillerie, 9 r. Neuv. Not.- Dame, 9 r. N. des Pel. -Champs,2 pl. du M. St.-Martin, 6 r. Montorgueil, 5 boul. des Italiens , 2 r. des Lombards, 6 r. de la Lanterne, 3 r. St.- Hippolyte, 12 r. de Paradis , 3 r. du Tourn . St.-Jean, 3 bar. des Martyrs, 2 r. de Sèvres, 10 place Fénélon, 9 r. de la Mortellerie, 9 r. de la Harpe, 11 r. dufbg. St.-Honoré, 1 r. Saint-Martin, 7 r. Comtesse d'Artois , 5 r. Saint-Martin, 7 r. des Boucheries, 10 r. de la Verrerie, 7 r. des Bourdonnais, 4 carrefour Bussi , 10 r. des Arts , 6 r. du faub. St.-Jacq. 12 r. Daleyrac, ? r. Grammont, 2 r. St.-Martin, 7 bar. Ménilmontant, 6 r. Grenelle, 4 r. St.-Martin, 6 r. du fhg.-Poisson. 3 terrain de Tivoli , 3 r. des Arts, 6 r. Cassette, 11 OF PARIS. 403 Rue Michel-le-Comte, Michodière (de la) , Mignon, Milan (de), Leadingfrom the r. Sainte-Avoye, r. N. St.-Augu.tin, r. du Battoir, r. du fbg. du Roule, Milieu-des-Ursins (du) , r. Basse-des-Ursins, Minimes (des), Miromesnil, Moineaux (des) , Molay, Molière , r. des Tournelles , r. dufbg. St.-Honoré, r. des Orties, r. Portefoin , place de l'Odéon, Monceau-St.- Ger. ( du) , r . du Tourn . -St.-Jean, Monceau , Mondétour, Mondovi, Monnaie (de la) , Monsieur, Monsieur-le-Prince, Monsigny, Mont. -Ste.-Gen. (de la) , Montaigne, Montesquieu, Montfaucon, Mont-Gallet, Montgolfier , Montholon, į Montmartre, Montmorency, Montorgueil , Mont-Parnasse (du) , Montpensier, r. dufbg. du Roule, r. des Pêcheurs, r. de Rivoli, r. To the r. Beaubourg, 7 boul. des Italiens, 2 r. du Jardinet, 11 r. de Chartres, 1 r. Haute-des-Ursins, 9 r. Saint-Louis , 8 bar. de Monceau, 1 r. Neuve St.-Roch , 2 r. de la Corderie , 7 r. de Vaugirard, 10 r. de Longpont, 9 r. de Chartres, 1 r. du Cygne, 4-5 r. du Mont-Thabor, 1 St.-Germ.-l'Auxer. , r. des Fos. St.- Gerni. 3 r. Babylone, carref. de l'Odéon, r. Dalayrac, r. St.-Victor, à l'ét. des Ch. -Elysées, r. Plumet, 10 r. de Vaugirard, 11 r. N. St.-Augustin, 2 pl. St-Etien. du Mon!, 12 r. du fbg. St.- Honoré, 1 r. Croix-des-Petits-Ch. 1. des Bons- Enfans, 4 r. du Four, r. de Charenton, pl. du Vieux in . St.-M. r. du fbg. Poissonnière, pl. de la Point. S. -Eus. , r. duTemple, r. Mauconseil, r. N.-Dame-des- Ch. , r. Richelieu, Montpens. St.-Honoré, r. Valois, Montreuil (de) , r. du fhg. Saint-Ant. , Mont-St.-Hilaire (du) , r. des Sept -Voies, Mont-Thabor (du), Moreau , Mortellerie ( de la) , Morts ( des), Mouffetard, Moulins ( des), Moulins (des), Moussi (de) , Moulon (du), Muetle (de la), Mûrier (du), Naples, Navarin, Nazareth (de), Necker, Neuve-Belle-Chasse, N -Bourg-l'Abbé, N.-Chauchat, N.-Coquenard, N.-de-l'Abattoir, N.-de-Babylone, N. -de-Berry, r. Louis-Philippe, r . de Bercy, r. de l'Etoile, r. de l'Hôp.-St.--Louis, r. des Fos. St. -Victor, barr. de Reuilly, r. des Orties, r. de la Verrerie , pl. de l'Hôtel-de-Ville , r. de Charonne, r. St.-Victor, projetée , r. des Martyrs, c. de la Ste. - Chapelle, r. d'Ormesson, r. St-Dominique, r. St. -Martin, r. Pinon, r. Coquenard, r. dufbg -Saint-Denis, aven. de Villars , aven. de Neuilly, r. Clément, 10 r. de Reuilly, 8 r. du Vertbois, 6 r. Rochechouart, 2 boul. Montmartre, 2-3 r. St-Martin, 7 r. du Cadran, 3 el 5 bar.Mont-Parnasse, 11 r. Beaujolais, 2 r. Roban, 1 bar. de Montreuil, 8 r. Charretière, 12 r. de Mondovi, 1 r. de Charenton, 8 pl. de l'Hôt. - de-Ville, 9 r. du fbg. St-Mart.5 bar. Mouffetard, 12 r. Picpus, 8 r. Neu. des Petits-Ch. 2 r. Ste- Cr. de la Bret. 7 r. de la Tixerand. 7-9 r. de la Roquette, 8 r. Traversine, 12 terrain de Tivoli , 1 r. Frochol, 2 r. de Jérusalem , 11 r. de Jarente, 8 r. de Grenelle, 10 r. Bourg-l'Abbé, 6 r. de Provence, 2 r. de la Tour- d'Auv. 2 r. du fbg. -Poisson . 8 aven. de Fontenay , 10 r. dufbg. du Roule, 1 404 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC. , Rue N.-des-Bons-Enfans, N.-de-Bretagne, N.-des-Capucines, N.-de-la-Cerisaie, N.-du-Colombier, Leading from the r. des Bous-Enfans, boul . des Fil . du Calv. r. de la Paix , boul. Bourdon, r. Saint-Antoine, N.-de-la-Ferm- des-Ma. boul. de la Madeleine, Neuve-Guillemin, r. du Four, Neuve-de-Lappe, r. de Charonne, N.-du-Luxembourg, r. de Rivoli, N.-des-Mathurins, r. de la Chaus. d'Ant. Neuve-Ménilmontant, r. St. -Louis, Neuve-Montmorency , r. Feydeau, N.-Notre-Dame, place du Parvis , N.-Not.-Dame- des-Ch. r. de Vaugirard, Neuve-d'Orléans, r. du fhg. St-Martin, N.-des- Petits-Champs, r. Neuve-des-Bons-Enf N.-des-Petits-Pères, r. de la Feuillade, Neuve-Plumet, boulev. des Invalides, Neuve-de-Poitiers, r. Neuve de Berry, Neuve-des-Poirées, r. des Cordiers, Neuve-Richelieu, place Sorbonne, Neuve-St.-Anastase, r. Saint-Paul, Neuve-St.-Augustin, r. Richelieu, N.-Ste. -Catherine, r. Saint-Louis, N.- Ste.-Croix-d'Antin, r. Saint - Nicolas, Neuve-St. -Denis, r. Saint-Martin, N.-St.-Etien. -B.-Nouv. r. Beauregard , N.-St.-Etien .-St.-Marc. r. Copeau, Neuve-St.-Eustache, r. Montmartre, Neuve-St.-François, r. Saint-Louis, Neuve-Ste. -Geneviève, r. de Fourcy, Neuve-St.-Georges, r. Saint-Lazare, Neuve-St. - Gilles , Neuve-St. -Jean, boul. St.-Antoine, r. du fbg.-St-Martin, Neuve-St. -Laurent, r. du Temple, Neuve-St. -Marc, r. Richelieu , Neuve-St. -Martin, r. du Pont- aux-Biches, Neuve-St.-Médard, r. Gracieuse, Neuve-St. -Merri, r. Barre-du-Bec, Neuve-St.-Nicolas , r. Samson, Neuve-St. -Paul, Neuve-St.-Pierre, Neuve-St.-Roch, r. Beautreillis, r. Neuve-St.-Gilles, r. Saint-Honoré, Neuve-St.-Sauveur, r. Damiette, Neuve-Vivienne, Nevers (de), Nicolet, Nonaindières, Normandie, r. Feydeau, quai Conti, quai des Invalides, quai des Ormes, r. Boucherat, N.-D. -Bonne-Nouvelle, r. Beauregard, Notre-Dame-de-Grâce, r. de l'Arcade, Notre- D.- de- Nazareth, r . du Temple, N.- D.-de- Recouvrance, r. Beauregard, N.-D. -des-Victoires, Noyers (des), To the 1. Neu. des Pet.-Ch. 2-4 r. Saint-Louis, 8 Foul. de la Madeleine, ! r. Lesdiguières, 9 r. d'Ormesson, 8 r. Saint-Nicolas, t r. du Vieux-Colom. 11 r. de la Roquette, 8 boul des Capucines, 1 r. de l'Arcade, 1 boul. desFilles du Cal. 8 r. Saint-Marc, 2 r. du Marché-Palu, 9 boul . Mont-Parnasse, 11 r. dufbg. Saint- Denis, 5 place Vendôme, 1 et 2 r. Vide-Gousset, 3 avenue de Breteuil, 10 r. de l'Oratoire, 1 r. des Poirées, 11 r, de la Harpe, 11 r. des Prêtr.- St-Paul, 9 boul. des Capucines, 2 r. Payenne, 8 r. Saint-Lazare, 1 r. Saint -Denis, 6 boul. Borine-Nouvelle, 5 r. Contrescarpe, 12 r. du Petit-Carreau, 4 r. Vieille du Temple, 8 r. des Postes, 12 r. Larochefoucault, 2 r. St-Louis , 8 r duflg. Saint- Denis,5 r. de la Croix, 6 r. Favart, 2 r. St-Martin, 6 r. Mouffetard, 12 r. St-Martin, 7 r. dufbg -St-Martin, & r. Saint-Paul, 9 r. des Douze-Portes, 8 r. Neuve-des-Pet.. Ch. 2 r. du Petit- Carreau, 5 boul. Montmartre, 2 r. d'Anjou, 10 r. de l'Un . Gr. Gail. 10 r. de Jouy, 9 r. Charlol, 6 boul. Bonne-Nouv. 5 r. d'Anjou, t r. du Pont-aux-Bich, 6 boul. Bonne-Nouv. 5 r. Neuve des Pet. - Pèr. r. Montmartre, 2 et 3 place Maubert , r. Saint- Jacques, 12 OF PARIS. 405 Oblin, Rue Observance (de l ') , Odéon (de l'), Ogniard, Oiseaux (des) , Leadingfrom the r. de Viarmes, To the r. Coquillière , 4 r.de l'Ecole-de-Médec. r. Mons. le Prince, 11 r. de l'Ecole-de-Médec. place de l'Odéon , 11 r. St-Martin, r. des Cinq-Diamans , 6 m. des Enfans Rouges, r. de Beauce, 6 r. des Brodeurs , r. Traverse, 10 pl. Not. - D. -de-Loretle, r. St. -Georges, 1 r. d'Orléans- St-Marcel, r . Censier, 12 Olivet (d'), Olivier-St-Georges, Orangerie (de 1'), Oratoire-Ch. -Elysée, avenue de Neuilly , Oratoire du Louvre, place de l'Oratoire, Orfèvres (des), r. St-Ger.-l'Auxerrois. Orillon (de l'), r. St.-Maur , Orléans-Marais (d'), r. des Quatre-Fils , Orléans-St-Hon. (d' ) , r. St-Honoré , Orléans-St-Marcel (d') r. du Jardin-du-Roi, Ormeaux (des) , place du Trône. Ormesson (d'), r. de l'Egout, Orties (des), r. d'Argenteuil, Oseille (de l'), r. St-Louis , Ouest (de l'), r. de Vaugirard , Ours (aux), r. St-Martin , r. de la Jussienne, r. Neuve des Capucines, r. Garancière , quai des Ormes, r. du Jardinet , r. St-Victor, r . Bleue Pagevin, Paix (de la), Palatine , Paon-Blanc (du) , Paon-St-André (du) , Paon-St-Victor (du), Papillon, Paradis-Marais (de) , Paradis -Poissonn. (de), Parc-Royal (du) , Parcheminerie ( de la ) , Paris (de), Parrean-Terrée , Pascal, Pas de la Mule (du),! Pastourelle , Pavée au Marais, Pavée Saint-André, Favée Saint-Sauveur, Payenne, Pélerins St-Jacq. (des) , Pelican (du), Pelleterie ( de la) , Pépinière (de la) , Percée Saint-André, Percée Saint-Paul, Perche (du) , Perdue, Pérignon, Périgueux (de) Perle (de la) Pernelle , Perpignan (de), Perrée, r. Vieille du Temple, r. faub. St- Denis , r. Saint-Louis, r. Saint-Jacques , place de l'Europe r. Not.-D. des-Champs, r. Mouffetard boulev. St-Antoine , r. du Grand- Chantier , r. du Roi de Sicile , quai des Augustins , r. des Deux-Portes , r.Nve. Ste-Catherine , cloître St-Jacques , r. de Grenelle , r. de la Lanterne , r. de l'Arcade , r. de la Harpe , r. des Prêtres St-Paul, r. Vieille du Temple , r. des Grands- Degrés , avenue de Saxe , r. de Bretagne, r. de Thorigny , quai de la Grève , r. des Marmouzels , r. Cafarelli, r. faub. du Roule, 1 r. St-Honoré, 4 r. Jean-Lantier, 4 à la barr. l'Orillon , 6 r. de Poitou , 7 r. desDeux-Ecus , 4 r. Mouffetard, 12 r. Montreuil, 8 r. Culture Ste- Cath. 8 r. St-Anne , 2 r. Vieille du Temple, 8 boul. Mont-Parnasse, 11 r. St-Denis , 6 r. des Vieux-August. 3 boul. des Capucines, 1 place St- Sulpice, 11 r. de la Mortellerie , 9 r. de l'Ecole de Méd, 11 r. Traversine , 12 place Montholon, 2 r. du Chaume, 7 r. faubourg Poissonn . 3 r. de Thorigny, 8 r. de la Harpe, 11- barr. de Monceaux, 1 boul. Mont-Parnasse, 11 r. de la Glacière , 12 place Royale, 8 r. du 'Temple, 7 r. Nenve Ste-Cather. , 7 r. St-André desArcs, 11 r. Montorgueil, 5 r. du Parc-Royal, 8 r, Mondetour 5 r. Croix des Pet.-Ch. 4 r. de la Barillerie, 9 r.faub. St.-Honoré, 1 r. Hautefeuille, 11 r. St- Antoine, 9 r. d'Orléans au Mar. 7 place Maubert, 12 chemin de Ronde , 10 r. Boucherat, 6 r. Vieille du Temple, S r. de la Mortellerie , 9 r. des Trois-Canet , 9 r. du Temple, 6 406 LIST OF THE STREETS , ETC., Rue Perrin-Gasselin, Leadingfrom the r. St-Denis, projetée , Petits-Augustins (des) , quai Malaquais, Pétersbourg Petit-Banquier (du) , Petit- Bourbon (du), " Petit- Carreau (du), r. du Banquier, r. de Tournon, r. du Cadran , Pelit-Ch.St-Marcel( du) , r. du Ch.de l'Allouette , Petits-Ch.St-Mar. (des) , r. Beaubourg, Pelite-Corderie ( de la) , pl. de la Rot. du Temp, r. St-Jac. la Boucher. , bar. des Deux-Moulins, boul. des Invalides , r. de Sèvres , r. de Chevert, r. dufaubourg St- Denis, r. dela Grande Friper. , r. Mouffetard , r. de Chabrol, r. Bourg-l'Abbé, Petil-Crucifix (du) , Petite-d'Austerlitz , Petite des Acacias, Petite du Bac, Petite de Chevert , Petites-Ecuries (des), Pelite-Friperie (de la) , Petit-Gentilly (du) , Petits-Hôtels (des), Petit-Hurlenr, (du) , Petite d'Ivry, Petit-Lion St-Sauv. (du) r. Saint- Denis , Petit-Lion St- Sulp. (du) r. Condé , Petite de Marivaux , r.Marivaux , Petite de Mademoiselle, r. de Babylone , 2 Petit-Moine (du), Pelit Musc (du) , Pet. Neuve St-Gilles , Petit-Pont (du), Petit Reposoir (du) , Petite de Reuilly, Petite St-Pierre Petite Taranne, Petit Thouars (du), Pel.Truanderie (de la) , Petit Vaugirard (du), Petite-Verte , P. Voierie Rou. ( de la ) , Petite Vrillerie ( de la) , Petrelle , Phelippeaux , Picpus (de), Pierre-à-Poisson, Pierre -Assis , Pierre-au-Lard , Pierre -Lesco!, Pierre-Levée , Pierre-Lombard , Pierre-Sarrazin , Pigalle , Pinon , · r. Scipion, quai des Célestins, r. Neuve St- Gilles , place du Petit-Pont , r. des Vieux-Augustins, r. deCharenton , r. duChemin Vert , r. de l'Egout, pl . de la Rot. du Temp. r. Mondétour , r. desVieilles Tuileries , r. du faub. St-Honoré , r . de la Voierie , r. de la Vrillerie, r. faub. Poissonnière , r. du Temple, r. du faub. St-Antoine, place du Châtelet , r. Mouffelard, r. St-Merri, r. Fromenteau , r. des Trois-Bornes, place de la Collégiale , r. de la Harpe, r. Blanche, Piliers-Pot. d'Et. (des), r. de la Cossonnerie, Pirouette, Planche de la ), Planche-Mibray, Planchette ( de la ) , r. Grange-Batelière, r. des Pil. Pot. d'Etain, r. de la Chaise, quai Pelletier , r. des Terres-Fortes, To the r. de la Vi. Harang. 4 terrain de Tivoli, 1 r. du Colombier, 10 boul. de l'Hôpital, 12 r. Garancière, 11 r. de Cléry , 3-5 r. de la Glacière, 12 r. St-Martin, 7 г. Dupuis, 6 pl. St-Jacq. la Bouch.6 place Breteuil , 12 avenue de Breteuil , 10 r. desVieilles Tuil., 10 aven. Lamotte-Piq. 10 r. faub. Poissonnière, 3 r. de la Tonnellerie , 4 houl. des Gobelins , 12 r. Lafayette, 3 r. St-Denis, 6 r. Villejuif, 12 r. des Deux-Portes, 5 r. de Seine, 11 r. dela Vieille-Mon. , 6 r. Plumet, 10 r. Mouffetard, 12 r. St-Antoine, 9 boul. St-Antoine , 8 r. Galande, 11 et 12 place des Victoires, 3 grande r. de Reuilly, 8 r. Amelot, 8 r. duDragon, 10 r. du Temple, 6 r. de la Gr. Truand. 5 r. de Vaugirard, 10 Grande r. Verte, 1 r. de la Bienfaisance , 1 place des Victoires , 4 r . Rochechouart, 2 r. Frépillon, 6 bar. de Picpus , 8 r. de la Sonnerie, 4 r. St-Hyppolite, 12 r. du Poirier, 7 r. St-Honoré, 4 r. Fontaine-au-Roi, 6 r. Mouffetard, 12 r. Hautefeuille, 11 barr. Montmartre, 2 r. Pirouette, 4 r. Laffitte, 2 r. Mondétour, 4 et 5 r. du Bac, 10 r. St-Jacq-la-Bouch. 7 r. de Charenton, 8 OF PARIS. 407 Rue Plat-d'Etain ( du ) , Leading from the Tothe r, des Lav. -Ste-Oppor. r. des Déchargeurs, 4 Plâtre-Ste-Avoye (du), r. de l'Homme-Armé, Plâtre- St-Jacques (du) , r. des Anglais, Plumet. Plumets ( des ) , Poirées , Poirier (du), Poissonnière , Poissy (de), Poitevins (des), Poitiers (de), Poitou (de), Poliveau, Polissart, Pompe (de la), Ponceau (du), r. des Brodeurs, quai de la Grève, r. St-Jacques, r. St-Merri, r. de Cléry, quai de la Tournelle, r. Hautefeuille, quai d'Orsay, r. Vieille du Temple, r. des Hosp. St.- Gerv. , quai de l'Hôpital, quai d'Orsay, r. St-Martin , Pont-aux-Biches (du) , r. Censier, Pont-aux-Biches ( du), r. Neuve St-Laurent, Pont-aux-Choux (du), boul . des Fill . du Calv. , Pont dela Triperie ( du) Pont de Lodi (du), Ponthieu (de), Pontoise (de), Popincourt (de), Portefoin, Porl-Mahon (du), Postes (des) , Pot de FerSt-Marc(du) , Pot de Fer St-Sulp. (de) Poterie des Arcis ( de la) Poterie desHalles (dela) Poules (des), Poulies (des), Poullier, Poupée, Pourt. St- Gervais (du) , Prêcheurs (des), r. Ste-Avoye, 7 r. St-Jacques, 12 boul. des Invalides , 10 r. de la Mortelleric, 9 r. Nve-des- Poirées , 11 r. Maubuée, 7 boul. Poissonnière, 3-5 r. St-Victor, 12 r. du Bac-St-André, 11 r. de l'Université, 10 r. d'Orléans, 7 r. Vieille- du-Temple, 7 r. desFoss-St-Marc, 12 r. de l'Université, 10 r. St-Denis , 6 r. Fer à Moulin, 12 r. Not-Dame- de-Naz. 6 r. St-Louis , 8 pont des Invalides , 10 r. Dauphine, 9 r. Neuve de Berri , 1 r. St-Victor , 12 r. Ménilmontant , r. du Temple, 7 r. Louis le Grand, 1 r. de l'Arbalète, 12 r. des Postes, 12 8 r. de la Pompe, r. des Grands-August. , allée des Veuves, quai de la Tournelle, r. de la Roquette, r. des Enfans-Rouges, r. Nve-St-Augustin, place de l'Estrapade, r. Mouffetard, r. du Vieux - Colombier, r. de Vaugirard, 11 r. de la Tixeranderie, r. de la Verrerie, 7 r. de la Lingerie, r . de la Tonnellerie , 4 r. de la Vieille-Estrap. , r. du Puits qui Parle, 12 r. Angivillier, r. St-Honoré, 4 quai de Béthune, r. d'Anjou , 9 r. de la Harpe, r. Hautefeuille, 11 r. de Longpont, pl. Baudoyer, 9 r. St- Denis , Première Campagne, r. N.-D.-des-Champs, Prêtres St-Et du Mont, r. Descartes, Pr. S. -Ger. l'Aux. (des) r. de la Monnaie, Prêtres-St- Paul , r. Saint-Paul, Prêt. St-Séverin (des) r. St-Séverin , Princesse, Projetée , Projetée , Projetée , Projetée , Projetée , Projetée , Projetée , Prouvaires (des), Provence (de) , Puits-au-Marais (du) , Puits qui parle (du), Puits-l'Ermite (du) , r. du Four , r. de Lubeck r. de Bercy St-Antoine, r. de Chaillot , faubourg St-Denis , r. Samson, r. Projetée , r. des Marais St.Martin, r. St-Honoré , r. faub. Montmartre r. Ste-Croix de la Bret. r. Nve, Ste-Geneviève, r . du Batloir St-Victor, r. des Pil. Pot. d'Ét. , 4 boul.Mont-Parnasse, 11 r. Mont. Ste-Genev. , 12 pl. St-Germ. - l'Aux., 4 r. des Nonaindières , 9 r. de la Parchemin., 11 r. Guisarde , 11, r. des Vignes , 1 r. St-Nicolas, 8 barrière de l'Etoile, 1 r. bar. Poissonnière , 3 r. Grange-aux-Belles , 5 place desMarais, 5 place des Marais, 5 r. Trainée, 3 r. Chaussée d'Antin, 2 r. des Blancs-Mant. 7 1. des Postes , 12 r. Gracieuse, 12 408 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC., Rue Pyramides (des) , Quatre-Fils ( des) , Quatre-Vents (des) , Quincampoix, Quinze-vingts (des) , Rabelias , Raeine, Rambouillet , Rameau , Rats Pl. Maubert ( des), Rats Popincourt ( des), Réale ( de la ) , Récollets (des) Regard (du) , Regnard , Leadingfrom the r. de Rivoli , r. Vieille duTemple , r. Condé , r. Aubry le Boucher , r. Valois, projetée , r. Mons. le Prince , r. de Bercy r. Richelieu , r. de la Bûcherie , r. Folie Regnault , r. de la Tonnellerie , r. Grange aux Belles , r. des Vieilles-Tuileries, place de l'Odéon , quai d'Orléans , r. des Sept-Voies , r. des Fossés St- Marcel , r. St-Honoré r. de la Verrerie , Regratier , Reims (de) , Reine- Blanche ( de la) , Rempart (du), Renard St-Merri (du) , Renard St-Sauveur( du) r. St-Denis , Renaud-Lefèvre , Reuilly (de) , Reynie (la ) , Ribouté , Richelieu , Richepance , Richer , Rivoli Rochechouart , Rochefoucault (la) , Rocher (du) , Rohan (de), Roi de Sicile ( du) , Roi Doré (du) , Rome (de) , Roquepine , Roquette (de la), Rosiers (des), Rotonde ( de la), Roule (du), 2 place Baudoyer , r . faub. St - Antoine, r. des Cinq Diamans , r. Bleue 3 r. St-Honoré r. St-Honoré , r. faub. Poissonnière , r. Rohan r. Montholon r. St-Lazare , r. de la Pépinière , r. de Chartres , r. des Ballels , r . St-Louis , projetée , r. d'Astorg , place St-Antoine, r. des Juifs , rotonde du Temple, r. Béthisy, Rousselet-St-Germain , r. Plumet, Rousselet, Royale des Tuileries, Royale St-Antoine, Royale St.Martin, Sabot (du), Saint-Alexandre, Ambroise, Sainte-Anastase, Saint-André, -André-des-Arcs, Sainte-Anne, - Anne, St-Antoine, allée des Veuves, place de la Concorde, r. St-Antoine, r. du marc. St- Martin, petite rue Taranne, enclos de la Trinité, r. Popincourt, r. Saint-Louis, r. Folie Regnault, pl. du Pont-St-Michel, r. de l'Anglade, c. de la Ste-Chapelle, r, des Barres, To the r. St-Honoré, 1 r. du Chaume, 5 r. de Seine, 11 r. aux Ours, 6 r. Rohan, 1 r. St-Antoine, 8 place de l'Odéon , 11 r. de Charenton, 8 r. Ste-Anne, 2 r. Galande, 12 barrière des Rats, 8 r. de la Gr. Truand., 5 r. faub. St-Martiu, 5 r. de Vaugirard, 10-11 r. Condé, 11 r. St-Louis en l'lle , 9 r. des Chollets, 12 r. Mouffetard , 12 r. Richelieu, 2 r. Nve. St-Merri, 7 r. des 2 port . St-Sauv. 5 marché St-Jean, 7 barrière de Reuilly, 8 r. St-Denis , 6 place Montholon, 2 boul. Montmartre, 2 r. Duphot, 1 r. faub. Montmartre, 1 place de la Concorde, 1 harr. Rochechouart , 2 r. Pigalle, 2 barrière de Monceau ,, 1 r. St-Honoré, 1 r. Vieille du Temple , 7 r. St-Gervais, 8 terrain de Tivoli, 1 r. la Ville-l'Evêque , 1 r. de la Muette, 8 r. Vieille du Temple, 7 r. de la Corderia, 6 r. St-Honoré, 4 r. de Sèvres, 10 r. Montaigne, 1 r. St-Honoré, 1 pl. Royale, 8 r. St-Martin, 6 r. du Four, 10 r. Grenétat, 6 r. St-Maur, 8 r. St-Gervais, 8 barrière d'Aunay, 8 r. Bussy, 11 r. Nve St-Augustin, 2 quai des Orfèvres, 11 Loul. Bourdon, 7, 8, 9 OF PARIS. 409 Rue Ste-Apoline, - Avoye, -Barbe, Leading from the r. Saint-Marlin, r. Ste-Cr. la Breton. , r. Beauregard, Saint-Benoît-St- Germ. , r. Jacob, -Benoît-St-Martin, - Bernard, - Bon, Sainte-Catherine, r. Royale, r. du faub. St-Antoine, r. Jean-Pain-Mollet , r. St-Thomas, To the r. St-Denis, 6 r. des Vieil. Haudr. 7 boul. Bonne-Nouvel. 5 r. Taranne, 10 r. St-Vannes, 6 r. de Charonne, 8 r. de la Verrerie, 7 r. St-Dominique, 11 r. St-Pierre-aux - Bœufs r . de la Juiverie, 9 boul. St-Antoine, Saint -Christophe, -Claude au Marais, - Claude-por. -S. -Den. r. Ste - Foy, Ste -Cr. de la Bretonn. , -Croix en la Cité, Saint-Denis , r. Vieille du Temple, r. Gervais-Laurent, place du Châtelet, Denis - fbg. -St-Ant. , r. du fbg. St- Antoine, Dominique d'Enfer, r. Saint- Jacques, Dom. Gr. -Caillou , r. St-Domin. St-Germ. , -Domin. St-Germain, r. des Sts-Pères, Sainte-Elisabeth, Saint-Eloi, -- Etienne des Gres, Fiacre, - Florentin , Sainte -Foy, Genev. Gr. Caillou, Saint-Georges , . Germ. des Prés, - Germ. l'Auxerrois , Gervais, Guillaume, Hilaire, Honoré, Hugues, Hyppolite, r. des Fontaines, r. de la Vieille. Drap. , place Ste-Geneviève, r. des Jeûneurs, r. de Rivoli, r. des Filles-Dieux, r. de Chaillot, r . deProvence, r. Jacob, r. St-Denis, r. des Coutures- S- Gerv. r. des Saints-Pères, r. des Sept-Voies, r. des Déchargeurs, r. Bailly, Hyacinthe-St -Hon . , r. de la Sourdière, -Hyacinthe-St-Mich. place St-Michel, Jacques, r. des Trois-Couronnes, r. St-Séverin, r. Mauconseil, r. de l'Université , -Jacques- la-Bouch. , r. Planche- Mibray, Jacques l'Hôpital, Jean- Gros- Cailiou, Jean-Baptiste, Jean-de-Beauvais, Jean-de-Latran, Julien-le-Pauvre, Jérôme, Joseph, Jules, Landry, Laurent, Lazare, Lazare, -Louis-Marais, -Louis en l'ile, -Louis-St-Honoré, - Magloire, r. de la Pépinière, r. des Noyers, r. St-Louis , 8 r . de Cléry, 5 r. Ste-Avoye, 7 r. de la Vieille- Drap. 9 boul. St-Denis, 3 et 5 r. de Montreuil , 8 r. d'Enfer, 11 et 12 aven . la Bourdonn . 10 r. St-Dom. G.-Cail. 10 r. Nve-St-Laurent, 6 r . de Calandre, 9 r . St-Jacques, 12 boul. Poissonnière, 3 r. St-Honoré, 1 r. St-Denis , 5 dans les Champs, 1 r. St-Lazare, 2 r. Childebert, 10 r. de la Monnaie, 4 r. Neuve- St-François, 8 r. de Grenelle-St- G. 10 r. St-Jean - de-Beauv. 12 bo. de la Madel. 1,2,3,4 r. Royale, 6 r. Marché-St-Honoré, 2 r. Saint-Jacques, 11 r. de Lourcine, 12 r. de la Bourbe, 11-12 r. St-Denis, 4, 6,7 r. du Cygne, 5 r. St-Dominique, 10 r. St-Michel, 1 r. S. Jean-de-Latran, 12 r. St-Jean-de-Beauvais, place Cambrai, 12 quai de Gèvres, r. du Gros-Chenet, faub. St-Antoine, r. dela Bûcherie, r. Basse-des - Ursins, r. du Faub. -St-Martin, r . dela Vieil. Lanterne, 7 r. Montmartre, 3 r. de Montreuil, 8 r Galande, 12 r. des Marmousets, 9 r. du Faub. St-Denis, 5 r. Faub. -Montmartre, r. de l'Arcade, 1-2 r. St-Laurent, r. de l'Echarpe, quai Béthune, r. de l'Echelle , r. Salle-au-Comte, enclos St-Laurent, 5 r. des Filles du Caly. 8 quai d'Orléans, 9 r. St- Honoré, 1 r. St-Denis, 6 35 410 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC., Rue St.-Marc, Marcel, -Marcoul, Leading from the r. Montmartre, r. Mouffetard, r. Bailly, Ste-Marguerite-S.-Ant. r. du Faub, St-Antoine, - Marguerite-S.-Ger. , r. Bussy, Marie-St-Germain, r. Bourbon, -Marthe, St-Martin, passage Benoît, r. de la Verrerie, - Maur- Popincourt, r. des Amandiers, -Maur-St -Germain, r. de Sèvres, -Maur-St-Martin, -Michel, Nicaise, Nicolas-d'Antin, r. Royale, r. Maison-Neuve, r. deRivoli, r. de la Chauss. -d'Ant. -Nicolas-du- Chardon. r. Traversine, Nicolas-St-Antoine, r. de Charenton, Saintonge, St-Paul, - Paxant, Saints-Pères, r. de Bretagne , quai St-Paul, r. Bailly, quai Malaquais, To the r. Richelieu, 2 place St-Marcel, 12 r. Royale, 6 r. de Charonne, 8 carrefour [St -Benoît, 10 r. de Verneuil, 10 r. Childebert, 10 boul. St-Martin, 6-7 r . de l’Hôp . St- Louis , 5 r. des Vieil. Tuiler. 10 r. St-Vannes, 6 r. St-Jean-Baptiste, 1 r. St-Honoré, 1 r. de l'Arcade , 1 r. St-Victor, 12 r. faub. St-Antoine, 8 boul. du Temple, 6 r.St-Antoine, 9 r. Royale, 6 r, de Grenelle-St- Ger. 10 St-Philippe-B-Nouv. , r. Bourbon- Villeneuve , r. Cléry, 5 -Philippe-St-Martin, r. Bailly, -Pierre des Arcis, r. Gervais-Laurent, r. du Chemin-Vert, r. des Marmousets, -Pierre-Montmartre , r. Montmartre, - Pierre , -Pierre-aux-Bœufs, -Pierre-Popincourt, - Placide, - Roch, St- Romain , -Sabin, Sauveur , -Sébastien , Séverin , - Spire , -Thomas-d'Aquin, Thomas -d'Enfer, r. St-Sébastien, r. de Sèvres, r. Poissonnière, r. de Sèvres , r. Daval , r. St-Denis, r. St- Pierre , r. St-Jacques , r. des Filles -Dieu , pl . St.Thomas d'Aquin, r. St-Hyacinthe , -- Thomas- du- Louvre, r. du Carrousel , Vannes , - Victor , r. St- Maur r. Copeau, -Vincent-de-Paule , r. du Bac , Salle -au-Comte, Samson , Santé ( de la ) , Sartine 9 Saumon , Saunerie ( de la ), Saussayes ( des ) , Savoie ( de ). Savonnerie ( de la ) , Scipion , Seine- St-Germ. ( de ) , Seine St-Victor ( de ) , Sentier ( du ), Sept-Voies ( des ) , r. St-Magloire , r. de Bondi , r. des Bourguignons , r. de Viarmes , r. St-Nicolas , quai de la Mégisserie , r. faub. St-Honoré , r. pavée , r. St-Jacq.-la-Bouch., r. Fer-à-Moulin , quai Malaquais , quai St- Bernard , petite r. St-Roch , r. St-Hilaire, r. Royale, 6 r. Vieille-Draperie, 9 r. Amelot, 9 r. St-Christophe, 9 r.N.-D.-des-Victoires, 3 r. Ménilmontant, 8 r. des Vieil.-Tuil. 10 r. du Sentier, 3 r. du Pet. Vaugirard, 10 r. du Chemin-Vert, 8 r. Montorgueil, 5 r. Popincourt , 8 r. de la Harpe , 11 r. Sle-Foy , 5 r. St-Domini. S-Ger. 10 r. d'Enfer , 11 pl. du Pal. -Royal , 1 pl. St-Vannes , 6 r. de Bièvre, 12 pl. St-Tho. -d'Aquin, 10 r. aux Ours, 6 r. des Marais , 5 boul. St-Jacques , 12 r. Coquillière , 4 r. Travers. St-Ant. 8 r. St-Germ. l'Auxer. 4 r. de Suresne , 1 r. des Gr. Augustins, 11 r. de la He umerie , 6 r. des Francs-Bourg. 12 r. Pet.-Lion St-Sul. 10 r. du Jardin du Roi, 12 boul. Montmartre , 3 r. Clovis , 12 OF PARIS. 411 Rue Serpente, Servandoni , Sèvres (de) , Simon-le-Franc , Singes ( des ), Soly, Sorbonne , Soufflot , Sourdière ( de la ) , Stockholm , Sully , Suresne ( de ) , Tabletterie ( de la ) , Tacherie ( de la ) , Taille-Pain , Taitboul, Tannerie ( de la ) , Taranne , Teinturiers ( des) , Temple ( du ) , Terres-Fortes ( des ) , Thérèse , Thévenot , Thibault-aux- Dez , Thiroux , 2 Leadingfrom the r. de la Harpe , r. Palatine , car. de la Croix-Rouge, r. Ste-Avoye, r. Ste-Cr. de la Bret. , r. de la Jussienne , r. des Mathurins , pl. Ste-Geneviève , r. St-Honoré , projetée , Gren. -d'Abondance , r. du Chem. du Remp. r. St-Denis , r. de la Coutellerie , cloître St-Merri , boul. des Italiens pl. de l'Hôtel de Ville , r. St-Benoît , r. de la Vannerie , r. des Vieilles-Haudr. r. de la Contrescarpe, r. Ste-Anne , r. St- Denis , To the r. Hautefeuille , 11 r. de Vaugirard , 11 barrière de Sèvres , 10 r. du Poirier , 7 r. des Blancs-Mant. 7 r. des Vieux-August. 3 place Sorbonne , 11 r. St-Jacques , 12 r. de la Corderie , 2 terrain de Tivoli , 1 place Morland , 9 r. des Saussaies , 1 r. des Lavandières , 4 r. Jean-Pain Mollet , 7 r. Brise-Miche , 7 r. de Provence , 2 r. Planche- Mibray, 7 r. des Sts-Pères , 10 à la Seine , 7 boul , du Temple , 6-7 г. Moreau , 8 r. Ventadour , 2 r . du Petit Carreau , 5 r. St-Germ . - l'Auxer. , r. Bertin-Poirée , 4 r. Nve. des Mathurins , r. du Parc-Royal , r. Montorgueil , r. Béthisy , r. St-Antoine , r . de Clichy , r. Jean- Pain-Mollet , quai des Augustins , r. St-Honoré, Thorigny, Tiquelonne, Tirecharpe, Tiron Tivoli ( de ), Tixéranderie ( de la ) , Thionville ( de ) , Tonnellerie ( de la ) , Tour ( de la ) , r. des Fos. -du-Temp. Tour d'Auvergne ( la ) , r. Rochechouart , Tour des Dames (de la) r. la Rochefoucault, Touraine auMarais (de) r. du Perche , Touraine-St-Germ. (de) r. de l'Ecole de Méd. Tournelle ( de la ), quai de la Tournelle, Tournelles ( des ) , r. St-Antoine, Tourniqu. -St-Jean (du) r . du Martroi, Tournon ( de ) , Toustain , Tracy , Traînée Transnonain , Traverse , Traversière St-Ant. , Traversière St-Honoré, Traversine, Triperet , Trognon , Trois-bornes ( des), Trois-Canettes ( des ) , r. du Petit-Lion , r. de Seine , r. du Ponceau, Pointe St-Eustache , r. Grenier St-Lazare , r. Plumet . quai de la Râpée , r. St-Honoré , r. d'Arras r. de la Clef, r. de la Heaumerie r. Folie-Méricourt , r . St-Christophe , Trois-Chandelles (des), r. Mongallet , r. St- Nicolas , 2 r. St-Anastase , 8 r. Montmartre , 3 r. St-Honoré , r. du Roi-Sicile , 7 place de l'Europe , 1 place Baudoyer , 7-9 r.St-An. -des Arcs 10-11 r. de la Fromag. 3, 4, 5 pl. Folie - Méricourt , 6 r. des Martyrs , 2 1. Blanche , 2 r. de Poitou , 7 r.Mons.-le-Prince , r.de Bièvre , 12 r. Nve. St-- Gilles, 8 r. de la Tixérander, 9 r. de Vaugirard, 11 r. Félibien , 10 r. St-Denis , 6 r. du Four , 3 r. Aumaire , 6-7 r. de Sèvres , 10 11 r. du faub.St- Antoine,8 r. Richelieu , 2 r. Mont. Ste-Genev . 12 r. Gracieuse , 12 r. d'Avignon , 6 r. St-Maur , 6 r. de la Licorne , 9 rucl. des Quat. - Chem. 8 412 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC. , r. Chantereine , r. des Lombards , Rue Leading from the Trois-Chandelles ( des ) , quai St-Michel , Trois-Couronnes (des) , r. St-Maur , Tr. -Cour.St-Mar. (des ) , r. Mouffetard , Trois-frères ( des ) , 'Trois-Maures ( des ) , Trois- Pavillons ( des ) , r. Trois-Pistolets , Trois-Portes ( des ) Tronchet , Trouvée Trudon, " Turgot , Turin , Ulm (d' ), Université St-G. (de l' ) , Université Gr. C (de l' ) , Ursulines ( des ) Val-de-Grâce ( du ) , Valois ( de ) , Valois-du-Roule, Valois St-Honoré , Vannerie (de la), Vanneau , Vannes (de), Varennes (de) , Varenne St-Germain , Vaucanson, Vaugirard (de), Vendôme, Venise (de) , Ventadour, Verdelet , Verderet Verneuil Verrerie, 2 Versailles (de) , Vertbois (du), Vertus ( des), Viarmes (de), Vide-Gousset, To the r. de la Huchette , 12 bar. des Tr.-Couron. 6 r. St-Hyppolite , 12 r. St-Lazare , 2 r. la Reynie , 6 des Francs-Bourg., r. du Parc-Royal , 8 r. du Petit-Musc, place Maubert , r . de la Madeleine , r. de Charenton , r. Boudreau , r. Rochechouart , projetée , à l'église Ste-Geneviè. r . des Sts-Pères , r . de l'Univ. St- Ger. , r. d'Ulm , r. St-Jacques , r. St-Honoré , r. de Courcelles , r. Monpensier , pl. de l'Hôtel de Ville, r. de Varennes r. des Deux Ecus, r. des Deux-Ecus , r. du Bac, place St-Vannes r. Monsieur le Prince, r. Charlot , r. St-Martin , r. 'Thérèse, r. J.-J.-Rousseau , r. Gérard Beauquet , 9 r. des Rats , 12 r. N. de la Ferme , 1 marc. Beauveau, 8 r. Nve-des-Mathur. 1 r. Bochard-Saron , 2 terrain de Tivoli , 1 r. des Ursulines , 12 r. de l'Un . Gr:- Cail-10 Champ de Mars , 10 r. St-Jacques , 12 r. de l'Est , 12 r. Beaujolais , 2 r. du Rocher, 1 r. St-Honoré , 1 r. Planche-Mibray, 7 r. Babylone, 10 r. de Viarmes, 4 r. de Viarmes, 4 boul. des Invalides, 10 r. du Verthois, 6 bar. de Vaugirard, 10-11 r. du Temple, 6 r. Quincampoix , 6 r. N. des Pet-Champs , 2 r. de la Jussienne , 3 r. la Grande-Truand . , r . Mauconseil, 5 r. des Sts--Pères , marché St-Jean , r. St-Victor , r. de Poitiers, 10 r. St-Martin, 7 r. Traversine, 12 r. du Pont-aux-Biches, r. St-Martin, 7 r. des Gravilliers , r. de Varennes, place des Victoires , r. Phélippeaux , 6 r. Oblin, 4 r. du Mail, 3 r. Mâcon, 11 pl. du Pal. de Justice , 9 place del'Estrapade, 1 2 r. des Deux-Ecus , 4 r. St-Marlin , 7 r. du Cheval. -du- Guet , r. de la Tabletterie, 4 r. du Grand-Chantier , r , du Temple , 7 r. St-Jérôme, Vieille- Bouclerie( de la ) , r . St - André des Arcs, Vieille-Draperie (dela ) , r. de la Juiverie , Vieille-Estrapade(dela) , Neuve Ste- Geneviève , Vieil . Etuv . St-Honoré, r. St - Honoré , Viel. Etuves St-Martin, r . Beaubourg, - Harangerie (de la) , Haudriettes (des) Lante ne (de la), - Monnaie (de la), -Notre-Dame, - Place aux V. ( de la) , - Tannerie ( de la), du Temple, Tuerie ( de la) , - Tuileries ( des) , r. des Ecrivains , r. la V.-P. aux Veaux , 7 r. des Lombards, 6 r. d'Orléans St-Marc. , r. Censier , 12 r. St-Jacques la Bouc. r. de la Vieille-Lant. , r. St-Antoine , r. St- Jérôme r, du Regard, r. Planche-Mibray , 7 r. la V.-P. aux Veaux , 7 r. Saint-Louis, 7-8 place du Châtelet, 7 r. du Pet.-Vaugirard, 10 OF PARIS. 413 Rue Leadingfromthe projetée , Vienne , Vierge (de la), r. de l'Un. Gr. Cail . , Vieux-Augustins (des) , r. Coquillière, Vieux-Colombier (du), place St-Sulpice , Vignes Chaillot (des ) , r . de Chaillot, Vignes-de-l'Hôpit. (des) r. du Banquier , Village d'Austerlitz(du) bar. des 2 Moulins , Villedot r. Richelieu, Villejuif(de), Villefosse, Ville-l'Evêque , Villiot, Vinaigriers (des) , Vingt-neuf-juillet , Vivienne , Voierie Popinc. (de la) , Voierie St-Denis (de la ) VoierieSt-Honoré, Voltaire , Vrillière (de la), Werthingen , Zacharie, av. de la bar. d'Ivry, r. d'Ambroise-Paré , r. de la Madeleine , quai de la Râpée , quai deJemmapes , r. de Rivoli, r. Nve.des Pet.-Champs r. de Popincourt, r . de la Chapelle, r. des Grésillons , r. Mons.-le -Prince, r. Croix des Pet. - Cha. , Voyez Furstemberg , r. de la Huchette, ABATTOIRS . To the terrain de Tivoli , 1 r. St- Dom. Gr. Cail . 10 r. Montmartre, 3 car. la Cr. -Rouge, 11 bar. de Neuilly, 1 boulev . de l'Hôpital , 12 r. St-Anne, 2 av. de l'Hôpital , 12 bar. du Combat, 5 r. de la Pépinière , 1 r. de Bercy, 8 12 r. du faub. St-Martin, 5 r. St-Honoré , 8 r. Filles St-Thomas, 2-3 r. Ménilmontant, 8 r. Château-Landon , 5 dans un terrain , 1 place de l'Odéon , 11 r. de la Feuillade, 4 r. St. Séverin , 11 10 Grenelle (de) , près la barrière de Sèvres, -quartier des Invalides, 10 Ménilmontant (de) , près la barriere de ce nom. -Popincourt , 6 Montmartre (de) , entre les bar. Montm, et Roch . -faub. Montmartre, 2 Roule (du) , dans la plaine de Monceaux. -Roule, 1 Villejuif (de), près la har. Mouffetard. - St-Marcel, 12 AVENUES ET ALLÉES. Quartiers. Antin (d' ) , Champs-Elysées, 1 Arsenal (de l' ) , de l'Arsenal , 9 Bel-Air (du), Quinze-Vingts , 8 Biron (de), av. de Neuilly, 1 Bourdonnaie (la ), Invalides, 10 Breteuil (de), Invalides, 10 Ch.-Elysées (des) , Ch. -Elysées , 1 Châteaubriand, av. de Neuilly, 1 Cours la Reine, Ch.-Elysées, 1 Ecole-militaire (de l') , Invalides, 10 Fortunée , avenue Châteaubriand, 1 Hôpital (de l') boul. d'Ivry, 12 Jeude Paume, place du Trône, 8 Lowendal (de) , Invalides, 10 Maine (du), Luxembourg , 11 Mandé (St. ) , Quinze-Vingts , 8 Marigny (de), av . Ch. -Elysées, 1 Quartiers.. Marc. aux Chev . , r. de ce nom , 12 Matignon, Etoile des Ch. -Elysées, 8 Motte-Piquet (la ) , Invalides, 10 Neuilly (de) , Ch . -Elysées , 1 Ormeaux (des) , faub . St- Antoine, 8 Parmentier, r. des Amandiers , 8 Pépinière ( de la ) , Luxembourg, 11 Projetée , Quinze-vingts , 8 Saxe (de) , Invalides, 10 Ségur (de) , Invalides, 10 Suffren (de) Invalides, 10 Tourville (de), Invalides , 10 Triomphes (des), Quinze -Vingts, 8 Veuves (des) , Ch. -Elysées, 1 Villars (de), Invalides, 10 Vincennes (de) , Quinze-Vingts , 3 BARRIÈRES. Amandiers (des) , r . des Amandiers Arcueil (d ') , r . du faub , St-Jacq, 12 Popincourt, 8 Aunay (d') , r. St-André Popinc. 8 35 414 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC., Bassins(des ), quai de Billy , 1 Belleville (de) , faub. du Temple , 5 Bercy (de) , r de Bercy, 8 Blanche, r. Blanche, pr. Montmar. 2 ce 5 Marie(Ste), enc. des dam. St-Marc. 1 Martin (St), faub . St-Martin , 6 Martyrs (des), r. de ce nom , 2 Ménilmontant , r. de ce nom , 6-8 8 Boyauterie, r. de ce nom, 5 [ nom, 5 Monceaux , rue du Rocher, 1 Butte-Chaumont (de la) , r. de Charenton ( de) , r. de ce nom, 8 Chartres, Roule, 1 Chopinette (de la ) , r . du Buisson, Clichy, r de Clichy, 1 Combat (du),r . de l'Hôp . St-Louis, Courcelles, r. de Chartres, 1 Croulebarbe, boul. des Gobel. 12 Cunette (de la) , r. Kléber , 10 Denis (St. ) , faub. de ce nom, 3-5 Ecole Militaire ( de l' ) , av. de Lo- wendal, 10 5 11 12 Enfer (d' ) , r. d'Enfer, 12 Fontainebleau, V. Italie Fontarabie, r. de Charonne, 8 Fourneaux (des) , r . de ce nom, Francklin, r. Neuve de Passy, 1 Gare (de la) , quai de l'Hôpital , Grenelle (de) , r. Desaix, 10 Italic (d' ) , r . Mouffetard, 12 Ivry (d') , boul . de l'Hôpital, 12 Longchamp (de) , r . de ce nom, 1 Lourcine (de), r. de ce nom , 12 Maine (du) , chaussée du Maine, 11 Mandé (St), avenue de ce nom, 8 Montmartre , r. Pigale , 2 Mont-Parnasse (du) , r.de ce nom, 11 Montreuil , r. de ce nom , Mouffetard , r. de ce nom , 12 Moulins (des) , marc.auxchev. 12 Neuilly ou Chaillot,av. de Neuilly, 1 Paillassons (des) pr . l'Ec. Milil. 10° Pantin (de) , r. du chem. de Pant. 5 Passy (de) , quai de Billy, 1 Picpus (de) , r . de ce nom , 8 Poissonnière , faub, Poissonnière , 2 Ramponneau (de) , r . Lorillon , 6 Rapée (de la ) , quai de ce nom , 8 Rats (des) , r. des Rats-Popinc. 8 Reuilly (de) , r. de ce nom ,, 8 Rochechouart , r. de ce nom, Roule (du) , faub. du Roule , 1 Santé (de la) , r. de ce nom , 12 Sevres (de) , r. de ce nom , 10 Thélégraphe, faub. Montmartre , 2 Trois-Couronnes , r. de ce nom , 6 Trône (du) , faub. St-Antoine , 8 Vaugirard, r. de ce nom , 10 Vertus (des) , r. Château-Landon, 5 Villette , fauh. Saint-Martin , 5 BOULEVARDS. Antoine ( St ) , place de la Bastille , rue du Pont- aux-Choux , 8 Bonne-Nouvelle , rue Poissonnière , porte St-Denis , 5 Bourdon , rue et place St- Antoine , quai Morland , 9 2 Capucines ( des ) , rue Neuve des Capucines , rue Louis-le-Grand , 1 Denis ( St ) , porte St-Denis , porte St-Martin , 6 Enfer( d') boulevard Mont-Parnasse , barr. d'Enfer , 11 Filles du Calvaire ( des ) , rue de ce nom , rue du Pont-aux-Choux , 8 Gobelins ( des ) , barrière de Lourcine , rue Mouffetard , 12 Hôpital ( del' ) , rue Buffon , barrière Mouffetard , 12 Invalides ( des ) , rue de Grenelle , rue de Sèvres , 2 Italiens ( des ) , rue Louis- le- Grand , rue de Richelieu , 2 Jacques ( St ) , rue de la Glacière , barrière d'Enfer , 12 Madeleine ( de la ) , boulevard des Capucines , rue St-Honoré , 1 Malesherbes , boulevard de la Madeleine , rue la Ville l'Evêque , 1 Martin ( St ) , Porte Saint- Marlin , boulevard du Temple , 5-6 Montmartre , rue Richelieu , rue Montmartre , 2 Mont-Parnasse , rue de Sèvres , rue d'Enfer , 10-11 Poissonnière , rue Montmartre , rue Poissonnière, 2-3 Temple ( du ) , rue du Temple , rue des Filles du Calvaire , 6 OF PARIS. CARREFOURS. Quartiers. 415 Quartiers. Abbaye S. - Germ . (del' ) Monnaie , 10 Médard ( St ) St- Marcel , 12 Batailles (des) , Luxembourg , 1 Benoît (St) , Monnaie , 104 Béthisy (de) , Louvre , Bordet, Jardin du Roi , 12 Braque (de) , rue des Postes , 12 Bussy (de) , Monnaie , 11-12 Carmes (des) , St-Jacques , 12 Cheminées (des 4) , Palais-Royal , 2 Clamart (de), St-Marcel , 12 Croix- Rouge ( de la) , Luxem. 11-12 Echarpe ( de 1' ), Marais , 5 Fill. du Calv. (des) , Temple , 6,7,8 Gaillon , Feydeau, 2 Guillery , Arcis , 7 Hyppolite (St) , St-Marcel, Jouy (de) , marché St- Jean , 7 Limace (de la) , r. de ce nom , 12 4 Mandé (St ) , Feydeau , 2 1 Marc. de l'Abb. (du) , r. du Four, 10 Moulins ( butte des ) , Pal. -Royal , 1 Odéon (de l') , Ecole de Médec. 11 Orme (de 1') , Hôtel de Ville , 9 Petits Pères (des) , Mail , 3 Pitié ( de la) , r . Copeau , 12 Pologne ( de la ) , place Vendôme , Porcherons (des ) , faub. Montm. 2 Reuilly , Quinze-Vingts , 8 St-Marc , r. de ce nom , 2 Sartine , St-Eustache , 3-4 Saunier , faub. Montmartre , 2 Séverin , r. de ce nom , 11-12 Sulpice (St) , Luxembourg , 11 Victor (S ) , Jardin du Roi, 12 Ville-l'Evêque (de la) , Roule , CHAMPS. 1 Champ-de-Mars , à l'École Militaire , quartier des Invalides , 10 Champs-Elysées , barrière de l'Étoile , quartier des Champs-Elysées , 1 Champ des Capucins , quartier de l'Observatoire , 12 CHEMINS DE RONDE. These roads, surround Paris, within the walls, and bear the names of the barriers to which they lead. Cour Balave, Catherine (Ste), Chapelle (de la Ste) , Chaumont (St) , Coches (des), Commerce (du) , Commerce (du), Comptes (des), Fontaines (des) , François Ier (de) , Guillaume (S ), Harlay (du) , Lamoignon (de), Miracles (des) Miracles (des), Passage Abbaye-St-Marlin, Acad. Vendeuil, COURS. Leadingfrom the impasse de Venise , r. St-Denis r. de la Barillerie , r. du Ponceau , r. de Suresne , r. de l'Ecole de Médec. pl. St- Jacq. la Bouch. , c. de la St-Chapelle , cour du Palais-Royal, r. du Ponceau r. Traversière , r. de Harlay , r. de Harlay , impasse de l'Etoile , impasse Jean-Beausire , PASSAGES. Leading from the r. St-Martin , r. du Vieux Colomb. , To the r. St-Denis , 6 r. de Cléry, 5 r. Nazareth , 11 r. St-Denis , 6 r. fauh. St-Honoré , 1 r. St-Andr. desArcs , 11 r. S-Jacques la Bouch. 6 cour du Palais , 11 r. des Bons-Enfans , 4 r. St -Denis , 6 r. de Richelieu , 1 palais de Justice , 11 quai de l'Horloge , 11 r. Damiette , 5 r. des Tournelles, 8 To the r. Royale, 6 r. des Canettes , 11 416 LIST OF THE STREETS , ETC. , Passage Aguesseau (marc. d'), Aligre (d') , Allée ( de la longue) , Ambigu-Comique , Ancre Royale , ( de l ') , Antin (d') Antoine (du Petit St.) , Antoine (du fau . St. ), Artois (d') , Aubert, Aumaire , Bernabites (des) , Balave (de la cour), Beaufort , Beaujolais , Beauvilliers , Benoît(St), Benoît (St), Bergère , Bois de Boulogne, Bon Charles X, Bons-Enfans (des), Bon-Puits, Bons-Enfans (des), Bons-Enfans (la r. N) , Boucheries (des) , Boufflers , Boulainville (du m. ) Boule-Blanche ( de la), Boule- Rouge ( de la ) , Bourg- l'Abbé , Brady , Brière, Burger " Cafe de Foy (du) , Leading from the b. de la Madeleine, r. Bailleul, r. Nve St-Denis , boul. du Temple , r. St-Martin, r. St-Antoine , r. faub. St- Antoine , r. d'Artois , r. Ste-Foy, r. Bailly , pl. du Pal . de Justice , r. St-Denis , impasse Beaufort, r. Beaujolais , r. de Richelieu, place de l'Abbaye , cloître St-Benoit, r. Bergère , r. du faub . St - Denis, r. d'Angoulême , r. du Licée-Valois , r. Traversine, r. de ce nom , r. de ce nom, r. Ste- Marguerite , r. de Choiseul, r. du Bac, r . faub. St- Antoine, r. Richer, r. de ce nom , r. du faub. St-Martin , r. du faub. St- Antoine, r. Mazarine , r. de Richelieu , Café du Parnasse ( du) . r. des Prêtres St-Germ. Caire (du), r. St-Denis , Cabinets d'Aisance(des), r. Nve des Pet.-Ch. , Cendrier Cerf (du Grand), Cerf (de l'Ancien Gr. ) , Chaise (de la Petite), Chantier de l'Ecu , Chantier de Tivoli , Charriot d'Or ( du) Charnier des Innocens , Charlemagne , Charost (du Pét. Hột. Chartreux (des) , Chaumont (SI), Cheval- Blanc (du) , Chevajoux , Choiseul, Chollets (des) , Cirque (du), ), r. Nve des Mathurins, r. du Ponceau, r . des Deux Portes, r. St-Jacq. la Bouc. r. Nve des Mathurins, r. St-Lazare, r. Grenétat, r. de la Lingerie , r. St- Antoine r. des V.Augustins, r. de la Tonnellerie , 1. St-Denis , r. du Ponceau, To the r. de ce nom , 1 r. St-Honoré, 4 r. du Ponceau , 6 r. des Foss. du Temple, 6 r. Bourg-l'Abbé , 6ª 2 r. du Roi de Sicile , 7 r. Charonne , 8 r. Lepelletier , r. St-Denis , 5 r. Aumaire , 6 r. de la Calandre , 8 impasse de Venise , 6 r. Quincampoix, 6 r. de Richelieu, 2 r. Montpensier , 2 r. St-Benoît , 10 r. de Sorbonne, 11 r. faub . Montm. 2 r. Nve, d'Orléans, 5 r. de Ménilmontant 6 r. des Bons-Enfans, 2 , 12 cour des Fontaines , 2 r. Beaujolais, 1 r. Nve. de l'Abbaye, 10 boul. des Italiens, 2 r. de Beaune, 10 r. de Charenton, 8 r. faub. Montmart. 2 r. St-Denis, 6 r. du faub. St- Denis, 5 r. de Montreuil , 8 r. de Seine, 10 r. Montpensier, 2 quai de l'Ecole, 4 place du Caire, 5 r. Beaujolais , 2 r. Basse-du-Rempart , 1 r. St-Denis, 6 r. St-Denis, 5 r. Planche-Mibray, 7 r. Basse-du-Rempart ,1 r. St-Nicolas, 1 r. du Grand-Hurleur, G r. St-Denis, 4 r. Montmartre, 3 r. Traînée, 3 r. du Ponceau, 6 r. St-Martin, 6 r. du faub. St-Antoine r. de Montreuil, 3 r. Nve des Pet . - Cham. r. Nve. St-Augustin , 2 r, des Chollets, r. Mont-Thabor, r. St-Jacques , 12 r. St-Honoré, 1 OF PARIS. 417 Passage Cité ou Prado, Cloitre St-Honoré Cloître St-Jacques, Clos-Payen (du) , Cluni (de), Colbert, Comédie ( de la) , Commerce (du), C. de Rohan, C. du Puits de Rome, Couronne ( de la) , Croix (Ste), Croix-Blanche ( de la) , Dames St-Chaumont, Dames St-Gervais, Dauphine, Delorme Désir (du), Dragon (cour du) , Ecuries (des Pelites) , Empereur (de l'), Etoile (de ), Eustache (st) , Feydeau, Flore, Foy ( Ste), Fontaines (des), Frépillon, Gaîté (de la) Genty, Leading from the r. de la Barillerie , r. Croix des Pet.-Ch. , r. Mauconseil, boul. de la Glacière, place Sorbonne, r. Nve. desPet. -Cham. r. de Richelieu, cour du Puits de Rome, cour duCommerce, imp. du Puits de Rome, r. Tirechappe, r. St-Croix r. St-Denis, r. du Ponceau, r.des Francs-Bourgeois , r. Dauphine, r. St- Honoré, r. du faub. St-Martin, r. du Dragon , faub. St-Denis, r. de la V. Harengerie, impasse de l'Etoile, l'église St-Eustache , r. des Colonnes , pl. du Palais , r. des Filles- Dieu le Jardin du Luxemb. , Ꭲ . Phelippeaux , boul. du Temple, r. de Bercy , Germ.-le-Vieux (St ) , r. du Marché-Neuf, Grillé, Honoré (St) , Hôtel des Fermes , Hulot, Hyacinthe (St) , Industrie (de l' ), Jabach, Jacq. la Boucherie ( St) , Jean de Latran (St) , Jean-Bart, Jérusalem, Jeu de Paume, Jeu de Paume ( du) , Jussienne (de la), Lemoine, Longue-Allée, Louis (St) , Luxembourg (du) , Lycée (du) , Madeleine (de la), Maison-Tachon, Malte (de), Magloire , Manège (du) , r. Basse du Rempart , r. de la Sourdière , r. du Bouloi , r. de Richelieu , r. de ce nom, faub, St.-Martin , r. St-Merri , pl . du Marc St-Jean , r. St-Jean de Beauvais , quai de la Mégisserie , r. Nve. Not. -Dame , r. de Vendôme , r . Mazarine , r. Montmartre , pas. de la Long.-Allée , r. Nve St-Denis , r. St-Paul , r. Nve.Not. -D.-des- Ch. r. des Bons-Enfans , r. de la Licorne , Marché-Neuf r. Traversine , r. St-Denis , r. de Vaugirard , " Tothe r. de la Vieille- Drap. 9 r. des Bons- Enfans, 4 r. du Cygne, 5 r. du Petit-Champ , 12 r. de Grès, 11 r. Vivienne, 2 r. St-Honoré, 2 r. Phélippeaux , 6 r. du Jardinet, 11 r. des Gravilliers , 6 r. des Bourdonnais , 4 r. Ste-Cr. de la Bret. 7 r. Bourg-l'Abbé , 6 r. St-Denis , 6 r. des Rosiers , 7 r. Mazarine , 10 r. de Rivoli , 1 faub. St-Denis , 5 r. de l'Egout , 10 r. des Pelites-Ecur. 3 r. St- Denis , 4 r. du Pet. -Carreau, 5 r. Montmartre , 3 r. Feydeau , 2 quai auxFleurs , 9 place du Caire , 5 r. de Vaugirard , 11 pas. duCommerce, 6 r. des Fos. du Temple, 8 quai de la Rapée , 8 r. de la Calandre , 9 r. Nve des Mathurins, 1 r. St-Honoré , 2 r. de Grenelle , 4 r. Montpensier , 2 r. St-Thom . d'Enfer, 11 r. du faub. St- Denis, 3 r. St-Martin , 7 r. St-Jacq. la Bouch, 6 place Cambrai, 12 r. St- Germ . l'Aux. 4 impasse Jérusalem, 9 boul. du Temple, 6 r. de Scine, 10 r. de la Jussienne , 3 r. St. -Denis , 6 r. du Ponceau, 6 égl . St.-Paul St.- Louis , 9 r de l'Ouest, 10 r. de Valois, 2 r. de la Juiverie, 9 r. de la Calandre, 9 cour St.-Guillaume, 2 imp. St.-Magloire, 6 r. des Vieille-Tuiler. 10 418 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC., Passage Marchand, Marc. des Patriarches , Marché Neuf (du) , Marie (Ste), Marine (Ste), Marmite (de la) , Messageries (des) , Moineaux (des), Molière Mont-de-Piété (du) , Montesquieu , Montpensier, Navarin " Nemours , Noir " Offices (des), Opéra (del' ) , Ouest (de 1 '), Palais de Justice , Panier Fleuri (du) , Panoramas ( des) , Panoramas ( petit) , Pavilions (des) , Pelletier , Perron, Petites-Boucheries ; Petits-Pères (des) , Petits-Pères (des), Pierre (St) , Pierre (St) , Pompe-à-feu (de la) , Ponceau (du) , Pont-Neuf(du), Prix-Fix (du) , Prouvaires (des) , Quinze-Vingts, Radziwill Reine d'Hongrie , Réunion (de la ) , Roch (St) , Saucède, Saumon (du) , Saunier , Séverin (St) , Soleil-d'Or (du) , Sourdière , Treille (de la) , Treille (de la ) , Trinité (de la) , Valois, Variétés (des) , Vaudeville (du) , Vendôme , Véro-Dodat, Vigan (du) , Leadingfrom the r. des Bons- Enfans , r. d'Orléans , r. de ce nom , r. de Grenelle , impas. Ste-Marine, r. des Gravilliers , r. Montmartre r. des Moineaux , r. St-Martin, " r. de Paradis , cloître St-Honoré r. de ce nom , ? r. St-Lazare, r. St-Honoré , r. des Bons-Enfans, r. St-Honoré , boul. des Italiens , r. Nve Not.-D. des Ch. r. de la Barillerie , imp. des Bourdonnais , boul. Montmartre , r. St-Marc , r. Nve. des-Pelits Ch. , r. de ce nom , r. Beaujolais, r. de l'Abbaye , place des Petits- Pères , r. Not.-Dame des-Vic. r. de la Tacherie r. St-Paul , gr.r. de Chaillot , r. du Ponceau , r. de Seine., " r. de Richelieu , r. de la Tonnellerie , r. St- Honoré , r. de Valois , r. Comtesse d'Artois , impas. des Anglais , r. d'Argenteuil, r. Bourg-l'Abbé , r. Montorgueil , r. Bleue , r. des Prêt. St-Séverin , r. du Rocher , r. de ce nom, r. Chilpéric , marché St-Germain , r. Grenétat , r. de Valois Palais-Royal , r. St-Thom. du Louv. , r. de Vendôme , r. de Gren. St-Honoré , r. des Foss. Montmar., To the cloître St-Honoré, 4 r. Mouffetard , 12 r . de la Calandre , 9 r. du Bac , 10 r. du cl Notre- Dame, 9 imp. du Puits-de- Ro. 6 r. Not.-Da. des Vict. 2 r. d'Argenteuil, 2 r. Quincampoix , 6 r. des Bl. Manteaux , 7 r. Montesquieu , 4 r. de Richelieu , 2 carr. de Paris , 1 c. du Pal. -Royal, 2 r. de Valois , 2 1re cour du Pal. Roy. 2 r. Lepelletier , 2 r. de l'Ouest , 11 cour du Harlay, 11 r. Tirechappe, 4 r. St-Marc, 2 gr . galerie n. 24. 2 r. Beaujolais , 2 r. Grange Batelière , 2 Palais-Royal , 2 r. Ste-Marguerite, 10 gal. Vivienne , 3 r. des Pet. -Pères , 3 r. des Arcis , 7 r. St-Antoine, 7 p. de la Conférence , r. St-Denis , 6 r. Mazarine , 10 r. Montpensier, 2 r. des Prouvaires , r. St-Louis , 1 r. Nve des Bons-Enfans, r. Montmartre , 3 r. St-Martin , 7 r. St-Honoré, 2 r. St-Denis , 6 r. Montmartre, 3 r. Richer , 2 r. la Parcheminerie , 11 r. de la Pépinière , 1 r. Nve St-Roch , 2 r. des Fos. S-G.-l'Aux. 1 r. des Bouc. St-Ger. 11 r. St-Denis , 6 r. des Bons-Enfans , 2 r. St-Honoré, 2 r. de Chartres , 1 boul. du Temple, 6 r. du Bouloi , 4 r. des y. Augustins , 3 OF PARIS. 419 Passage Leading from the Ville-l'Evêque (de la) , r. de l'Arcade , Violet , Virginie, Vivienne , Washington (de) , Zacharie, r. Hauteville , r. St-Honoré , r. Nve des P.-Champs, r. de la Bibliothèque , r. Zacharie , PLACES. To the r. de Suresne , 1 r. fau. Poissonnière , Palais Royal , 2 r. Vivienne , 3 r. du Chantre , 4 r. St-Séverin , l1 6 11 And. des Arcs (S. ) r. de ce nom , 11 Ecole ( de l') , quai de ce nom ; 4 Angoulême (d') , r. des Fos. dn Te. 6 Estrapade ( de l' ) , r. des Postes , Antoine (de l'Hospice St.) , r. du Etoile ( de l') , bar. de Nenilly , 1 faub. St-Antoine, 3 Europe ( de l'), r. de Londres , 1 Antoine (St) , r. faub. St -Antione, 8 Eustache ( St) , en face le portail , 8 Ariane, r . de la gr. et p. Truand . 5 Bastille , boul. St-Antoine , 9 Baudoyer , r. St-Antoine , 7-9 Beauveau (marc. aux Fourrages) , r. d'Aligre , 8 Beauveau, r. faub. St-Honoré , 1 Beaux-Arts ( palais des) , quai de la Monnaie , 10 1 Biragues , r. St-Antoine , 8-9 Breteuil, près les Invalides , 10 Bourbon (du pal . ) , r. de Bourg. 10 Bourse (de la) , r. Feydeau , 2 Caire (du) , r. Bourbon-Villen. 5 Cambrai , r. St-Jacques , 12 Carrousel (du) , vis- à-vis les Tuil. Carré Ste-Geneviève (du) , vis -à- vis St-Etienne, 12 Chambre des Pairs ( de la) , r. de Vaugirard , 11 Champ des Capucins(du), r. du faub. St-Jacques , 12 Châtelet (du) , près le pont au Change , 4-7 Favart , r. Grélry et Marivaux , 2 Fénélon , r. Bossuet , 9 Fidélité ( de la) , pr. St-Laurent , 5 Fontenai , derrière l'Ecole Milit. 10 François Ier , r. Jean- Goujon , 1 Gastine , r. St-Denis , 4 Geneviève ( Ste) , en face le port , 12 Germ. l'Aux. (St) , en face l'égl. 4 -des Prés (St) , en face de l'égl. 10 Hôpital (de l')' , r . Poliveau , 12 Hôtel-de-Ville , quai Lepelletier et de la Grève, 7-9 Innocens (des) , rues St-Denis et de la Lingerie , 4 5 Invalides ( des ) , en face l'Hôtel , 10 Italiens (des) , V. Favart , Laurent (St) , enclos St- Laurent , Légat ( du) , Halle aux Draps , 3 Louvre (du) , en face le Louvre , 4 Marcel (St) , r. de ce nom , 12 Madeleine ( de la) boul. de ce nom , 2 Marguerite (Ste) , r. St- Bernard , 8 Maubert , r. Galande , 12 Mazas , quai de la Rapée , 8 Michel (St) , r. de la Harpe, 11 Montholon , r. de ce nom , 2 Morland , quai des Célestins , 9 Muséum (du) , en face le Musée , 4 Nicolas , r. Aumaire, 6 de Odéon (de 1' ) , en face le théât. 11 Opportune (Ste) , r. des Four. 4 la Oratoire , pl. du Louvre , 4 Cheval. - du-Guet , r . de ce nom , 4 Cloît. S.Benoît (du) , r. de ce nom, 11 Cloft. S.-Marcel (du) , r. Mouffet. 12 Cloître Ste. -Opport. (du) , r. des Fourreurs , 4 Collégiale (de la),r. Pierre-Lom. 12 Concorde (de la ), en face le pont la Concorde, 1 Conférence (de la) , en face pompe àfeu , 1 1 Croix (Ste), r. Nve. de ce nom , Croix (Ste) , Chaussée d'Antin , 1 Croix du Trahoir (de la) , au coin de la r. de l'Arbre Sec , 4 Palais (du) , r. de la Barillerie , 11 Palais-Royal (du) , r. St-Honoré, 1-4 Parvis (du) , en face Notre-Dame, 9 Petit-Pont, au bas du Pont, 11-12 Petits-Pères (des) , en face l'ég. 3 Dauphine, place du Pont-Neuf, 11 Pointe St-Eustache , au bas de la Dupleix , pr. la bar. de Grenelle, 10 rue Montorgueil, 3 Ecole de Médecine (de l ' ) , r. de ce Pont St-Michel (du) , en face le nom , 11 pont , 11 420 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC. , Pont-Neuf (du) , mil . du pont. 11 Sorbonne , r. de ce nom , 11 Porte St-Antoine (de la), r. du Trois-Maries (des) , en face le faub. St-Antoine , 8-9 6 10 Puits l'Ermile (du) , r. de ce nom, 12 Rivoli, r. de Rivoli , 1 Rotonde du Temp. (de la) , r. Forez, Royale , r. de ce nom , 8 St -Thom. -d'Aquin, r. de ce nom , 1 St-Jean , r. de la Verrerie , 7 St-Marcel , r. de ce nom , 12 St- Sulpice , en face l'église , 11 Scipion, r . de ce nom, 12 Pont-Neuf, 4 8 Trône (du) , barr. de Vincennes , 8 Vannes (St) , r. de ce nom , Vauban , derr, les Invalides , 10 Veaux (aux) , q. de la Tournel. 12 Vendôme entre les rues de la Paix et Saint-Honoré, 1-2 Victoires (des), r. de la Vrill. 3-4 Walubert , en face le Jardin du Roi , 12 IMPASSES. 7 Amboise (d') , place Maubert, 12 Anglais (des) , r. Beaubourg , 7 Argenson (d' ) , Vieil . r. du Temp. Argenteuil (d') , r . du Rocher, 1 Audrelas , r. Mouffetard , 12 Aumout (d') , r. de la Morteller . 9 Babillards (des) , r. Basse porte St-Denis , 3 Banard , r. Bayard , 10 Basfour, r. St- Denis , 6 Baudin , r. St-Lazare , 1 Baudoierie , r. de la Corroierie , 7 Beaufort , r. Salle au Comte , 6 Benoît (St) , r. de la Tacherie , 7 Bernard (St) , r . St- Bernard , 8 Berthaud , r. Beaubourg , 7 Bizet , r . St-Lazare , 1 Blanchisseuses ( des) , r. des Blan- chisseuses , 1 Boeuf (du) , r . Nve. St-Merry , Boeufs (des),, r. des Sept-Voies , 12 Bon-Puits (du) , r. Traversine , 12 Boule- Rouge (de la) , r. du faub. Montmartre , 2 Bourdonnais ( des) , r. des Bourd. 4 Bouteille (de la ) , r . Montorgueil , 3 Bouvart , Mont-St-Hilaire, 12 7 Conti , quai Conti , 10 Coquenard , r. de ce nom , 2 Coquerelle , r . des Juifs , 7 Courbâton , r. de l'Arbre Sec , 4 Coypel , r. du faubourg Mont- martre , 2 Croix-Boissière , r . de Chaillot , 1 Croix (Ste) , r. des Billettes , 7 Dandrolas , V. Audrelas Delaunay , r. de Charonne , 8 Dominique (St) , St-Germain , 12 Dominique (St) , r. d'Enfer , 12 Doyenné , r. de ce nom , 1 Echiquier (de l' ) , r . du Temple , 7 Egout (de l ' ) , r. du faub, St-Mart. 7 Enfant-Jésus , r. de Vaugirard , 10 Etienne du Mont (St) , r. de la Montagne St-Geneviève , 12 Etoile (de l ') , r. St-Dominique Gros- Caillou , 10 Etoile ( de l ') , r. Thévenot , 5 Etuves (des) , r. Marivaux , 6 Faron (St) , r. de la Tixérander. 7 .Ferme des Mathurins (de la) , r. Neuve-des-Mathurins, 1 Férou , r. de ce nom, 1 Feuillantines (des ) , r. St-Jacq . 12 Brasserie (de la) , r. Traversière , 2 Fiacre (St ) , r. St-Martin , 6 Briare (de) , r. Rochechouart, 2 Carmélites , faub. St-Jacques, 12 Cassini , r. de ce nom , 12 Cendrier (du) , pas . de ce nom , 1 Charbonniers (des) , r.de ce nom , 8 Chat-Blanc , r. St-Jacques-la-Bou- cherie , 6 Chevalier- du-Guet (du) , place de ce nom , 4 Clairvaux , r. St-Martin , 7 Claude ( St) , r. Montmartre , 2 Claude (St) , r. de ce nom , 8 Clopin, r. Descartes , 12 Filles-Dieu (des) , r. Basse Porte- St-Denis , 2 Fleurus (de) , r. de ce nom , 11 Fourcy (de) , r. de Jouy, 9 Forge- Royale (de la) , r. du faub. Saint-Antoine , 8 Grenelle , r. de Gren. Gr. Cail. 10 Grenétat , enclos de la Trinité, 6 Grosse-Tête (de la) , r. Ste-Spire , 5 Guéméné, r. St-Antoine , 11 Guépine, r. de Jouy , 9 Hautfort , r. des Bourguignons , 12 Heaumeric (de la) , r. de ce nom , 6 OF PARIS. 421 Hospitalières (des ) , r. de la Chaus- Peintres (des) , r . St-Denis , 6 sée des Minimes , 8 Jardiniers (des) , r. Amelot , 8 Jean-Beaussire , r. de ce nom , 8 Jérusalem (de) , r. St-Cristophe , 9 Landry (St) , r. du Chevet St- Landry , 9 Lard (au) , r. Lenoir , 4 Laurent (St) , r. Basse porte St- Denis , 8 Lazare (St) , r. du faub. St-Den. 5 Longue-Avoine , r. du faub. Saint- Jacques , 12 Louis (St) , r. de Car. -Prenant, 6 Magloire (St) , r . de ce nom, 6 Marais- Rouges (des) , r. des collets , 5 Marché-aux-Chevaux ( du) , r. ce nom , 12 Petite-Bastille ( de la ) , r. de l'Ar- bre-Sec, 4 Pierre (St) , r. de ce nom , 8 Pierre ( St) , r. Montmartre , 3 Planchette ( de la ) , r . St-Marc , 6 Plumet, r. des Brodeurs , 10 Poissonnerie, r. de Jarente , 8 Pompe (de la ) , r. de Bondy, 5 Projetée (de la ruc) , r. Neuve des Mathurins , 1 Provençaux (des), r. de l'Arbre- Sec , 4 9 Puits-de-Rome ( du) , r . Frépill. 6 Putigneux , r. Geoffroi-l'Asnier , Ré- Quat. -Vents (des) , r. de ce nom , 11 Réservoirs (des) , r. de Chaillot , 1 Reuilly , petite r . de Reuilly, 8 Rohan (de) , r. du Jardinet , 11 9 Rolin-prend-Gages , r. des La- vandières , 4 Marine (Ste) , r. St.-Pierre-aux-B. Martial ( St), r. St-Eloi , 9 Martin (St) , r. Royale , 7 Mauconseil, r. St-Denis , 5 Michel (du Grand St) , r. du faub. St-Martin , 5 de Monnaie (de la) , quai Conti , 10 Mont-Thabor, r. Castiglione , 1 Mont-Parnasse , boul. de ce nom , 11 Morlaix , r. des Morts , 5 Mortagne , r. de Charonne , 8 Nevers (de) , r. d'Anjou-Dauph. 10 Nicolas (St) , marc. St-Martin , r. Royale , 6 Opportune ( Ste) , r. Grange-aux- Belles , 5 Paon (du) , r. de ce nom , 11 Pequay , r, des Blancs-Manteaux, Pont Archevêché (de 1'), Arcole (d') , Arsenal (del'), Arts (des) , Bièvre (de la) , Change (au), Charles (St) , Cité ( de la), Concorde (de la), Croulebarbe , Doubles (aux ) Grammont (de), léna (d') , Invalides (des), Jardin du Roi (du) , + 7 Rome (de) , r. Frépillon , 6 Roquette (de la ) , r. de ce nom , 8 Sabin ( St) , r. de ce nom , 8 Salambrière , r. St-Séverin , 11 Sébastien (St) , r. de ce nom , 8 Soeurs (des) , r. des Fr. Bourg. 12 Sourdis , r. des Fossés St- Germ. l'Auxerrois , 4 Treille ( dela) , pl. St-Ger. - l'Aux. 4 Trois-Frères (des) , r. Traversière St-Antoine , 8 Venise , r. Quincampoix , 6 Vert-Buisson , r. de l'Univers. 12 Versailles (de) , r. Traversine , Vignes (des) , r. des Postes , 12 PONTS. Leading from the q. de l'Archevêché , pl. de Grève quai Morland , Institut , q. de l'Hôpital , place du Châtelet , communique aux salles île St-Louis , place de la Concorde, boul. des Gobelins , r. de l'Evêché . q. des Célestins , q. de Billy , q. de Billy, q. Morland, To the 12 q. de laTournelle, 9-12 q. de la Cité , 9 p. du Jardin du roi , 8 Louvre , 10 sur la r. de Bièvre , 12 r. de la Bariller. 4-9-11 de l'Hôtel - Dieu , 8 île de la Cité , 9 périst. du C. Lég. 1-11 sur la riv de Bièvre , 12 r. de la Bucherie , 9 fle Louvier , 9 Champ-de-Mars , 1-10 Champ-de- Mars , 1-10 q. de l'Hôpital , 8-12 36 422 LIST OF THE STREETS, ETC. , • Pont " Marie, Michel (St) , Notre-Dame, Pont-Neuf. Petit-Pont , Pont-Royal , Tournelle (de la) , Tripes (aux), Leadingfrom the r. des Nonaindières , r. de la Barillerie , r. Planche-Mibray , pl. Trois-Maries , r. du Marché- Palu , q. des Tuileries , r. des Deux-Ponts , r. Mouffetard , 12 To the r. des Deux-Ponts, 9 pl. du P. St-Michel , 11 r. de la Lanterne , 7 r. Dauphine , 4-11 r. duPetit-Pont , 9 r. du Bac , 1 q. de la Tournelle, 9-11 ISLES. 9 Cité (de la) , du Pont -Neuf au quai de l'Archevêché, Louis (St) , entre les ponts Marie et de la Tournelle , 9-12 Louvier, le long du quai Morland , 9 Quai Anjou (d') Archevêcné (de l ') , Bernard (St) , Augustins (des) , Béthune, Billy (de) , Bourbon, Célestins (des), Cité Conférence (de la) , Conti , Ecole (de l ') , Fleurs (aux) , Gèvres (de) , Grands- Degrés , Grève (de la) , Hôpital (de l'), Horloge (de l' ) , Louvre (du) , Malaquais , Mégisserie (de la) , Michel (St) , Morland , Orsay (d'), Orfèvres (des) , Orléans (d'), Ormes (des), Paul (St) , Pelletier , Rapée (de la) , Tournelle ' (de la) , Tuileries (des) , Voltaire , QUAIS . Leading fromthe r. Bl. de Castille , pont aux Doubles, pont St-Michel , pont du Jard. du Roi , r. St-Louis , allée des Veuves , r. St-Louis , pont de Grammont , quai Desaix , pl . Louis XV , pont-Neuf, pont-Neuf, pont- au-Change , pont Notre-Dame , r. de la Bûcherie , pl. de l'Hôtel de Ville , pont duJard. du Roi , pl. du Pont-Neuf, q. de l'école , r. des SS. -Pères , pont-Neuf , pont St-Michel , pont de Grammont, pont-Royal , pl. du Pont-Neuf, pont de la Cité r. Geoffroy-l'Asnier , r. St- Paul , pl . de l'Hôtel de Ville , pont du Jard. du Roi, r. de Pontoise , pont Royal, pont- Royal , To the pont Marie , 9 quai de la Cité , 9 pont- Neuf, 11 pont de la Tournel. 12 pont de la Tournelle , 9 barr. de Passy , 1 pont Marie , 9 r. St-Paul , 9 q. de l'Archevêché , allée des Veuves , 1 pont des Arts , 10 quai du Louvre , 4 pont-Notre-Dame , 9 pont -au-Change , 7 au Mail , 9 9 r. Geoffroi l'Asnier , 9 barrière de la Gare , 17 pont-au-Change , 11 pont Royal , 4 r. de Seine, 10 pont-au-Change, 4 Petit-Pont , 11 10 pont du Jard. du Roi, 9 barr, de la Cunette , pont St-Michel , 11 p. de la Tournelle, 9 r. de l'Etoile , 9 r. de l'Etoile , 9 pont Notre-Dame , 7 barr. de la Rapée , 8 quai St-Bernard , 12 pont de la Concorde, 1 r. des Saints-Pères , 10 OF PARIS . 423 PORTS. Arsenal (de l'), près l'Arsenal , 9 Blé (au) , quai de la Grève , 6 Ecole ( del' ) , quai de l'Ecole , 4 Fruits (aux), q. de la Tournelle, 12 Hôpital (de 1') , bar, de la Gare , 12 Invalides ( des ) , vis - à-vis les In- valides , 10 Nicolas (St), q. du Louvre , 4 Orsay (d') , quai d'Orsay , 10 Pierres St-Leu ( aux) , 1 Paul (St) , quai des Ormes , 9 Rapée (de la) . q. de la Rapée , 8 Recueillage ( du) , dits des Saints- Peres , q. Voltaire , 10 Tuiles (aux), quai de la Tour., 12 Vins (aux) , q. St-Bernard , 12 HALLES. Blé (aux) , r. de Viarmes , 4 Cuirs (aux ) , r. Française , 5 Draps (aux) , r. de la Poterie , 3 Veaux (aux) , q. de la Tournelle , 12 Viande ( à la) , r. des Prouvaires , 3 Vins (aux) , quai St-Bernard , 12 MARCHÉS . r. 7 Aguesseau(d') , r. de la Madel . 1 Antoine (St) , r . d'Aligre , 8 Beurre et OEufs (aux) près la de la Cossonnerie, 4 Blancs-Mant. Vieil. r. duTemple , Boulainvilliers , r. du Bac , 10 Carreau de la Halle (du) , 4 Catherine ( Ste) , r . St-Antoine, 8 Chevaux (aux) , boulev. de l'Hô- pital , 12 9 Cour (de la) du Commerce , r. des Ecrivains , 6 Enfans-Rouges , r. de Bretagne , 7 Eustache (de la Pointe St) , 3 Fleurs (aux) , q. de ce nom , Fourrages (aux) , faub. St-Martin, Fourrages (aux) , r. d'Enfer , 12 Germain (St) , r. du Four , 10-11 Innocens (des) , r. St-Denis, 4 Jacobins (des) , r. St-Honoré, 2 8 Jacques-la-Boucherie ( St) , r. des Ecrivains , 6 Jacques (St) , r . Soufflot , 12 Joseph (St) , r. Montmartre , 3 Martin (St) , r . Frépillon , 6 Marée (de la) , carr. de la Halle , 4 Marguerite (Ste) , r. de l'Egout , 8 Maubert (pl . ) , r. des Noyers , 12 Neuf, pres le pont St-Michel , 9 Patriarches (des) , r. d'Orléans , 12 Poirées (aux) , r. de ce nom , 4 Porte St-Honoré (de la) , 1 Porte St-Martin (de la) , 6 Porte St-Denis (dela) , 5 Rue de Fourcy (de la) , 9 Rue de Sèvres (de la) , 10 St- Louis , île St-Louis , 9-12 Temple (du) , r. de ce nom , Vallée (de la) , q . des Augustins , 11 Viande (à la) , r. de la Fromagerie, 4 6

INDEX . Abattoirs, 216 Abbaye-aux-Bois, 149 St. -Germain, 238 Abbeville, 17 Academie de Paris, 265 Royale de Musique, 303 Alexander Dumas, 60 Alfred de Vigny, 59, 67 Ambassadors, 71 Ambigu-Comique, 306 Amiens, 18 Annual Consumption of Pa- ris, 52 Antiquities, etc. , 239-241 Antwerp, 25 Aqueducts, 223-225 Arches, Triumphal, 201 Archives du Royaume, 185 Arrest, 87 Arrival in France, 8 in Paris, 27 Arsenal, the, 193 Asile Royale de la dence, 254 Bathing Establishments, 231-- 233 Bearnaises, 37 Beauvais, 18 Benevolent Societies , 258,259 Benjamin Constant, 65 Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, 283 de la Ville, 284 du Roi, 279 Mazarine, 283 -Royale du Panthéon, 283 Bicêtre, Hospice de, 249 Prison de, 237 Births, 87 Bois de Boulogne, 312 - Romainville, 312 ' Boulevards, 311 Boulogne- sur-Mer, 16 Bourse, 188 Bridges, 216-222 British Charitable Fund, 259 Brussels, 25 Provi- Bureau des Longitudes, 264 Aspect of the Country, 9 Assumption, the, 127 Ateliers de Sculpture, 193 Balls, 314 Balzac, 66 ' Bank of France, 84, 186 Barante, 62 Barracks, 191 Barriers, 204 Batignollaises, 37, Cabinet d'Anatomie, 310 Cabinets de Lecture, 30 Cafés, 29 Caisse de Poissy, 75 des Boulangers, 75 Calais, 15 Calf-market, 209 Canal de l'Ourcq, 225 Casernes, 194 Casimir Delavigne, 59 Catacombs, 32136 * 426 INDEX . Cemeteries, 314-320 Cercle des Etrangers, 109 Champ de Mars, 183 Champs-Elysées, 310 Chantilly, 19 Chapelle-Beaujon, 129 Chapelles Expiatoires , 161 Charitable Institutions, 241 Chateaubriand, 61 Château d'Eau, 228 Churches , 121-170 Protestant, 167 Cimetière de Ste . -Catherine, 321 Cirque Olympique, 306 Citadines, 36 Civil Administration, 73 rights, 87 Coaches, 3 Conveyances to the vicinity of Paris, 32 Corn Market, 207 Cosmorama, 310 Council of management for the Hospitals, 75 Salubrity, 78 State, 71 Cour des Comptes, 80 Royale, 80 Court of Cassation, 80 Courts and Tribunals, 80 Cousin, 63 Dames Blanches, 35 Deaths, 88 Delphine Gay, 59 Dépôt de la Préfecture, 235 Dieppe, 20 Diligence, Description of, 14 Coches de Haute Seine, 32 Diligences, Conveyances, etc. , Cold Baths, 233 Collége Bourbon, 269 Charlemagne, 269 Henri IV. , 268 Louis-le- Grand, 268 Royal de France, 270 Colléges Britanniques, 175 Royaux, 268, 269 Combat d'Animaux, 310 Commercial Establishments, 31 Diligentes, 37 Diorama, 309 Domestics, 31 Dulaure, 62 Ecole de l'Art Théâtrale, 274 de Mathématiques, 273 de Médecine, 267 de Pharmacie, 272 des Langues Orientales, 83 271 Commissaires de Police, 78 Priseurs, 82 des Ponts- et-Chaussées, 272 Commissioners, 31 Common Sewers, 234 Conciergerie, la, 236 Conservatoire des Arts et Métiers, 299 de Musique, 274 Contributions Directes, 74 Convents and Seminaries, 170 Conveyances to Paris, 2 Militaire, 182 Polytechnique, 271 Royale d'Equitation, 275 des BeauxArts, 272 des Mines, 272 Ecossaises, 36 Ecuries du Roi, 193 English Worship, 168 EntrepôtGénéral desVins, 208 INDEX. 427 Episcopal Church, 168 Epitome of French Literature, 57 Garden of Plants, 284 the Luxembourg, 112 Tuileries, 95 Etablissement des Eaux Clari- Georama, 309 fiées de la Seine, 231 Etoile, Arch of the, 203 Exchange, 84, 188 Exhibitions, 309 Expositions, 298 Favorites, 35 Gobelins, 204 Government, 68 Grande Voirie, 74 Greek Chapel, 166 Grenier à Sel, 211 de Réserve, 208 Fiacres, 33 Fishing, 88 Fontaine de Bacchus, 230 de Grenelle , 228 de la Naiade, 231 de la pl. St.-Michel, 229 de l'Ecole de Médecine, 228 de Leda, 229 de Mars, 230 de Popincourt, 231 Desaix, 197 de Tantale, 230 du Diable, 229 du Palais-Royal, 105 du Palmier, 198 du Temple, 171 Egyptienne, 229 François I. , 330 Louis-le-Grand, 229 Fountains, 227-231 Frascatis's, 109 Freemasons, 227 Guizot, 62 Gymnase (théâtre du) , 305 Normal, 274 Halle à la Viande, 212 au Blé, 207 aux Cuirs, 210 Havre, 23 Draps, 210 Veaux, 209 Historical Sketch of Paris, 42 Hôpital Beaujon, 244 Cochin, 244 de la Charité, 243 de la Pitié, 243 des Enfans Malades, 245 des Vénériens, 246 Militaire, 252, 253 Necker, 244 Royal des QuinzeVingts, 255 St.-Antoine, 243 French Literature, 57 Money, 4 Opera, 303 Weights and Measures, 6-8 Gatte (théâtre de la) , 306 Gaming Houses, 107 Garde Nationale, 73 St.-Louis, 245 Horse-market, 209 races, 183 Hospice de la Rochefoucauld , 254 d'Enghein, 252 des Enfans Trouvés, 247 des Incurables, 251 , 252 des Ménages, 254 des Orphelins, 248 - Meuble de laCouronne, 188 Hôtel de la Chancellerie, 187 428 INDEX. Hôtel des Affaires Etrangères, [ Maison d'Accouchement, 216 187 des Finances, 187 des Invalides , 176 -- 253 de Santé, 246 Royale de Charenton, des Ministères de l'Inté- Maisons de Refuge, 238, 256, rieur et du Commerce, 187 des Monnaies, 183 des Postes, 190 de Ville, 181 Dieu, 242 du Timbre, 186 Hotels, Lodgings , etc., 28 Huissiers , 82 Imprimerie Royale, 185 Independent Chapel, 170 Infirmerie de M.-Thérèse, 252 Inns, 9 Institut, 262 Institution Royale des Jeunes Aveugles, 255Sourds Muets, 255 Ste. - Périne, 253 Insurance Companies, 85, 86 Introductory Observations, 1 Jardin Turc, 313 Jules Jannin, 66 Lamartine, 58 Lamotte-Langon, 66 Laws relating to Foreigners, 86, 89 Libraries, 279, 284 Literature, 57 Lloyd Français, 86 Louvre, Palace of the, 98 Lutheran Church, 168 Luxembourg, Palace of, 110 257 Malles- Postes, 14, 32 Manufactories, Royal, 204 Manufacture de Mosaique, 207 de Porcelaine, 206 des Glaces, 205 des Tabacs, 207 Marbœuf Chapel, 169 Marché à la Volaille, 213 au Beurre, 213 au Poisson, 213 au Vieux Linge, 210 aux Chevaux, 209 aux Fleurs, 210 aux Fruits, 211 215 aux Huîtres, 213 d'Aguesseau, 215 des Blancs- Manteaux, des Carmes, 215 des Innocens, 211 St.-Germain, 214 St.-Honoré, 215 St.-Joseph, 215 St. -Martin, 215 Marchés aux Fourrages, 209 Markets, 207 Marriage, 88 Maternité, 246 Michaud, 63 Michelet, 63 Mignet, 62 Military Government, 73 Ministère de la Marine, 186 Madeleine, la, 130 Madelonnettes, les, 237 Mairies, 76 rices, 257 Maison Centrale de Nour - Mons, 27 Mont- de- Piété, 75, 194 INDEX. 429 Montmartre, Cimetière de, Palais de Justice, 118 320 Mont-Parnasse, Cimetière de, 321 Montreuil, 17 Morgue, 79 Municipal Guards, 79 Museums, 284 Musée d'Artillerie, 299 d'Hist. Naturelle, 284 Royal du Louvre, 290 Royal du Luxembourg, 298 Neorama, 309 Newspapers, 68 Notaries, 82 Nôtre - Dame, Cathedral of, 121 143 de Bonne-Nouvelle, 137 de Lorette, 134 des Blancs- Manteaux, des Victoires, 136 Observatory, 189 Octroi de Paris, 74 Octroi Duties, 56 Odéon, the, 305 Omnibus, etc., 34 Opéra-Comique, 304 Opera, French, 303 --, Italian, 304 Oratoire, 167 Orléanaises , 37 Packets, 3 Palace ofthe Louvre, 98 Tuileries, 89 Palaces, 89, 121 Palais Bourbon, 113 de la Chambre des Députies, 113 de la Légion d'Honneur, 117 de l'Elysée Bourbon, 118 des Beaux-Arts, 116 des Thermes, 115 du Luxembourg, 110 Panthéon, 162 Parc de Monceau, 313 Paris and the Parisians, 54 Guide, 42 Parvis Notre-Dame, 201 Passport Regulations, 1 , 27 Paul de Kock, 64 Père-la-Chaise, 316 Picpus, Cimetière de, 321 Pigault le Brun, 64 Place Dauphine, 197 de Grève, 200 de la Bastille, 200 de la Concorde, 195 des Victoires, 199 du Carrousel, 93 du Châtelet, 198 du Palais, 200 Royale, 198 Vendôme, 196 Places, 195-201 Plan for viewing Paris in six days , 38-41 Pompe- à-feu de Chaillot, 227 du Gras-Caillou, 227 227 du Pont Notre- Dame, Police Administration , 77 Polytechnic School, 271 Pont au Change, 219 au Double, 218 d'Antin, 222 d'Arcole, 218 d'Austerlitz, 216 de Bercy, 216 de Grammont, 217 de Grenelle, 222 430 INDEX . Pont de Jena, 222 de la Cité, 217 de la Concorde, 221 de l'Archevêché, 217 de la Tournelle, 217 des Arts, 220 du Carrousel, 221 Louis-Philippe, 218 -Marie, 217 -Neuf, 219 -Notre-Dame, 218 Royal, 221 St.-Charles, 218 St.-Michel, 219 Petit-Pont, 219 Pontoise, 21 . Population of Paris, 51 Porte St.-Denis, 201 St.-Martin, 202 St.-Ouen, 23 Restaurateurs, 30 Reviews, Literary, 67 Rotterdam , 25 Rouen, 22 Routes to the Capital, 15-27 Royal Colleges, 268 Manufactories, 204 Sainte Chapelle, the, 120 Salpêtrière, 250 Sapeurs-Pompiers, 79 Savings' Bank, 85 School of Medicine, 267 Scientific and Literary Institutions, 262-267 ties, 275-279 Scribe, 60 SocieSecours à Domicile, 257 Seine, the, 51 Seminaries, 170 Posting, Regulations and Shooting, 89 Price of, 10-14 Post-Office, 190 Prefecture of the department of the Seine, 73 ofPolice, 77 Present State of Paris, 50 Prison de Montagu, 238 de Ste. - Pélagie, 236 de St. -Lazare, 237 Modèle, 238 Prisons, 234-238 Privy Council, 70 Promenades, 310 Public Edifices, 176-194 Expositions, 298 Reading-rooms, 30 Quays, 223 Regulations relative to ing, 10 Relative value of French and English money, 5 Sketch of Paris, 42 Slaughter-Houses, 216 Sorbonne, 165 Special Schools, 270 Stamp Office, 77, 186 Steam Boats, 32 Ste. -Pélagie, Prison de, 236 St. -Lazare, Prison de, 237 St.-Omer, 20 St.-Ambroise, 145 St.-Antoine, 145 St.-Denis, 144 Ste.-Geneviève, 162 Ste. -Elisabeth, 141 Ste.- Marguerite, 144 Ste.- Valère, 150 St.-Etienne-du- Mont, 155 Post- St. -Eustache, 134 St. -François- d'Assize, 143 Xavier, 150 St.-Germain-des-Près, 154 INDEX. 431 St.-Germain l'Auxerrois, 137 Théâtre du Gymnase, 305 St. -Gervais, 147 St.-Jacques - du - Haut -Pas, 159 St.-Laurent, 138 St.-Leu et St.-Gilles, 140 St.-Louis, 128 (en l'Ile), 146 St. -Medard, 160 St.-Merry, 142 du Palais-Royal, 306 Français, 303 Ventadour, 304 Théâtres de la Banlieue, 307 Theatres, 301-308 2 price of admission to the, 308 Theodore Léclercq, 60 Thierry, 62 St.-Nicholas-des-Champs, 139 Thiers, 62 du Chardonnet, Tivoli , 313 158 St.-Paul et St. -Louis, 140 St.-Pierre de Chaillot, 129 du Gros-Caillou, 150 St.-Philippe-du- Roule, 128 St.-Roch, 131 St.-Severin, 155 St.-Sulpice, 151 St.-Thomas-d'Aquin, 149 St.-Vincent-de- Paule, 139 Swimming Schools, 233 Synagogue, 167 Table of French Money, 5 of French Weights and Measures, 6, 7, 8 of Post-horses, 11 Travelling in France, 10 Tribunal de Commerce, 83 pal, 83 de Police Municide Première Instance, 82 Tribunaux de Paix, 83 Tricycles, 36 Triumphal Arches, 201 Arch of the Carrousel, 94 Tuileries, 89 University, 264 Val de Grace, 165 Valenciennes, 27 Variétés, 305 Vaudeville, 305 of price of admission to Vaugirard, Cimetière de, 320 the theatres, 308 Tariff of Octroi Duties, 56 Tastu, Mme., 59 Tax Collectors, 74 Temple, Convent of the, 170 Théâtre de la Porte St.-Martin, 306 Victor Hugo, 58, 65 Visitation, 167 Voitures de Remise, 33 Waterloo, 26 Wauxhall d'Eté, 314 Weights and Measures, 6, 7, 8 de M. Comte, 307 des Folies Drama- Wesleyan Chapel, 170 tiques, 307 of, 78 Wills, 87 Office 432 INDEX. Alfort, 326 ENVIRONS OF PARIS. Compiègne, 340 Morfontaine, 364 Antony, 327 Corbeil, 342 Nanterre, 364 Arcueil, 328 Courbevoie, 342 Neuilly, 365 Argenteuil, 328 Cour de France , Nogent- sur-Marne, Arnouville, 329 343 365 Asnières, 329 Creteil, 313 Orly, 365 Aubervilliers, 329 Enghein, 343 Passy, 365 Aulnay-les-Bondy, Ermenonville, 314 Plessis - Piquet, 366 329 Essonne, 346 Poissy, 366 Auteuil, 329 Fontainebleau, 346 Pré- St. - Gervais, Bagatelle , 330 Fontenay aux- 307 Bagneux, 331 Roses, 353 Rainey, 367 Bagnolet, 332 Fontenay - sur - le- Rambouillet, 367 Batignolles ( Les ) , Bois, 354 Reuil, 369 332 Franconville, 354 Romainville, 368 Belleville, 332 Gentilly, 354 Rosny, 368 Bellevue, 333 Grenelle, 355 Ruel, 369 Bercy, 333 Grosbois, 355 St.-Cloud, 369 Bicêtre, 333 Issy, 356 St. -Cyr, 373 Bondy, 334 Ivry-sur-Seine, 357 St. -Denis , 374 Boulogne, 334 Jouy, 357 St.-Germain - enBourg- la -Reine,334 La Chapelle St.- De- Laye, 380 Brie - sur - Marne , nis, 358 St. -Mandé, 382 335 Livry, 358 St. -Maur, 383 Buc, 335 Maisons, 858 St. -Ouen, 383 Butte St. Chau - Malmaison, 359 mont, 335 Marly, 359 Calvaire, 336 Menilmontant, 360 Sceaux, 384 Sèvres, 384 Soissy - sous-Etiol- Chantilly, 19 Meudon, 360 les, 385 Charenton, 337 Montmartre, 361 Suresne, 385 Chatillon, 338 Montmorency, 362 Vaugirard, 385 Choisy-le-Roi, 339 Montreuil, 364 Versailles, 385 Clichy, 340 Montrouge, 364 Vincennes, 389 Colombes, 340 Mont-Valerien, 336] THE END.