Jewish diaspora
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| - | [[Early Christianity]] (generally considered as [[Christianity]] before [[First Council of Nicaea|325]]) spread from the [[Eastern Mediterranean]] throughout the [[Roman Empire]] and beyond into [[East Africa]] and [[South Asia]] reaching as far as [[Christianity in India|India]]. At first, this development was closely connected to centers of [[Hebrew]] [[faith]], in the [[Holy Land]] and the [[Jewish diaspora]]. [[Jesus]] and his first followers were [[Jews]], or Jewish [[Proselytes]], which historians refer to as [[Jewish Christians]]. | + | The '''Jewish diaspora''' (or simply the '''Diaspora''') is the English term used to describe the ''Galut'' גלות ([[Yiddish]]: 'Galus'), or 'exile', that encompassed several forced expulsions of [[Israelites]] from what is now the states of Israel, Jordan and parts of Lebanon. The modern Hebrew term of ''Tefutzot'' תפוצות, "scattered", was introduced in the 1930s by the American academic Simon Rawidowicz, who to some degree argued for the acceptance of the Jewish presence outside of the [[Land of Israel]] as a modern reality and an inevitability. |
| - | After the [[Crucifixion of Jesus|Crucifixion]], [[James the Just]] took leadership of the [[#Jerusalem|Jerusalem Church]] while many of the [[Apostle (Christian)|Apostles]], following the [[Great Commission]], traveled extensively and established Christian communities outside of Jerusalem. Early Christians gathered in small private homes, known as [[house churches]], but a city's whole Christian community would also be called a church - the Greek noun εκκλησια (from which the English word 'church' is derived) literally means 'gathering' or 'crowd'. | + | The [[diaspora]] is commonly accepted to have begun with the 8th–6th century BC conquests of the ancient kingdoms of [[Northern Kingdom|Israel]] and [[Southern Kingdom|Judah]], destruction of the First Temple (c.586 BC), and expulsion of the population, and is also associated with the destruction of the Second Temple and aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt during the [[Iudaea province|Roman occupation of Judea]] in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. |
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| - | Many of these Early Christians were merchants and others who had practical reasons for traveling to northern Africa, Asia Minor, Arabia, Greece, and other places. Over 40 such communities were established by the year 100, many in [[#Anatolia|Anatolia]], also known as [[Asia Minor]], such as the [[Seven churches of Asia]]. By the end of the [[Christianity in the 1st century|first century]], Christianity had already spread to [[#Rome|Rome]], [[Saint Thomas Christian tradition|India]], and major cities in [[#Greece|Greece]], Asia Minor and Syria, serving as foundations for the expansive spread of Christianity, eventually throughout the world. | + | |
| + | A number of Jewish communities were then established in the [[Middle East]] as a result of tolerant policies and remained notable centers of [[Torah]] life and [[Judaism]] for centuries to come. The defeat of the [[First Jewish-Roman War|Great Jewish Revolt]] in the year 70 AD and of [[Bar Kokhba's revolt]] against the [[Roman Empire]] in 135 AD notably contributed to the diaspora as many Jews were scattered after losing control over [[Judea]] or were sold into [[slavery]] throughout the empire. After the establishment of the [[Israel|State of Israel]] in [[1948]], the term Jewish diaspora came to refer to all Jews living outside Israel. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[History of Christianity]] | + | *[[The Great Revolt]] |
| - | *[[Early Christianity]] | + | *[[Bar Kokhba revolt]] |
| - | *[[History of early Christianity]] | + | *[[Babylonian captivity]] |
| - | *[[Early Christian art and architecture]] | + | *[[Timeline of Jewish history]] |
| - | *[[Christianity in the 1st century]] | + | *[[History of ancient Israel and Judah]] |
| - | *[[Christianity in the 2nd century]] | + | *[[Jewish history]] |
| - | *[[Christianity in the 3rd century]] | + | *[[Jewish population]] |
| + | *[[Jews by country]] | ||
| + | *[[Historical Jewish population comparisons]] | ||
| + | *[[Zionism]] | ||
| + | *[[Return to Zion]] | ||
| + | *[[History of Israel]] | ||
| + | *[[Yerida]] | ||
| + | *[[Jewish refugees]] | ||
| + | *[[Jews and Judaism in Europe]] | ||
| + | *[[Antisemitism]] and [[History of antisemitism]] | ||
| + | *[[Christianity and antisemitism]] | ||
| + | *[[Timeline of Jewish Polish history]] | ||
| + | *[[Islam and antisemitism]] | ||
| + | *[[History of the Jews under Muslim rule]] | ||
| + | *[[Jewish exodus from Arab lands]] | ||
| + | *[[Arabs and antisemitism]] | ||
| + | *[[Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust]] | ||
| + | *[[Jewish American Heritage Month]] | ||
| + | *[[White House Hanukkah Party]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 09:02, 5 April 2011
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The Jewish diaspora (or simply the Diaspora) is the English term used to describe the Galut גלות (Yiddish: 'Galus'), or 'exile', that encompassed several forced expulsions of Israelites from what is now the states of Israel, Jordan and parts of Lebanon. The modern Hebrew term of Tefutzot תפוצות, "scattered", was introduced in the 1930s by the American academic Simon Rawidowicz, who to some degree argued for the acceptance of the Jewish presence outside of the Land of Israel as a modern reality and an inevitability.
The diaspora is commonly accepted to have begun with the 8th–6th century BC conquests of the ancient kingdoms of Israel and Judah, destruction of the First Temple (c.586 BC), and expulsion of the population, and is also associated with the destruction of the Second Temple and aftermath of the Bar Kokhba revolt during the Roman occupation of Judea in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.
A number of Jewish communities were then established in the Middle East as a result of tolerant policies and remained notable centers of Torah life and Judaism for centuries to come. The defeat of the Great Jewish Revolt in the year 70 AD and of Bar Kokhba's revolt against the Roman Empire in 135 AD notably contributed to the diaspora as many Jews were scattered after losing control over Judea or were sold into slavery throughout the empire. After the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, the term Jewish diaspora came to refer to all Jews living outside Israel.
See also
- The Great Revolt
- Bar Kokhba revolt
- Babylonian captivity
- Timeline of Jewish history
- History of ancient Israel and Judah
- Jewish history
- Jewish population
- Jews by country
- Historical Jewish population comparisons
- Zionism
- Return to Zion
- History of Israel
- Yerida
- Jewish refugees
- Jews and Judaism in Europe
- Antisemitism and History of antisemitism
- Christianity and antisemitism
- Timeline of Jewish Polish history
- Islam and antisemitism
- History of the Jews under Muslim rule
- Jewish exodus from Arab lands
- Arabs and antisemitism
- Days of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust
- Jewish American Heritage Month
- White House Hanukkah Party
