Jewish history
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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Jewish history is the history of the Jews, and their nation, religion and culture, as it developed and interacted with other peoples, religions and cultures. Although Judaism as a religion first appears in Greek records during the Hellenistic period (323–31 BCE) and the earliest mention of Israel is inscribed on the Merneptah Stele dated 1213–1203 BCE, religious literature tells the story of Israelites going back at least as far as c. 1500 BCE. The Jewish diaspora began with the Assyrian captivity and continued on a much larger scale with the Babylonian captivity. Jews were also widespread throughout the Roman Empire, and this carried on to a lesser extent in the period of Byzantine rule in the central and eastern Mediterranean. In 638 CE the Byzantine Empire lost control of the Levant. The Arab Islamic Empire under Caliph Omar conquered Jerusalem and the lands of Mesopotamia, Syria and Egypt. The Golden Age of Jewish culture in Spain coincided with the Middle Ages in Europe, a period of Muslim rule throughout much of the Iberian Peninsula. During that time, Jews were generally accepted in society and Jewish religious, cultural, and economic life blossomed. Between the 12th and 15th centuries, Ashkenazi Jews experienced extreme persecution in Central Europe, which prompted their massive emigration to Poland.
Jewish history by country or region
For historical and contemporary Jewish populations by country, see Jews by country.
- History of the Jews in Austria
- History of the Jews in Belarus
- History of the Jews in Central Asia
- History of the Jews in the Czech Republic
- History of the Jews in France
- History of the Jews in Germany
- History of the Jews in India
- History of the Jews in the Land of Israel
- History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean
- History of the Jews under Muslim rule
- History of the Jews in Poland
- History of the Jews in Romania
- History of the Jews in Russia
- History of the Jews in Serbia
- History of the Jews in Ukraine
- History of the Jews in the United Kingdom
- History of the Jews in the United States
- American Jews
- History of the Jews in Baltimore
- History of the Jews in Chicago
- History of the Jews in Colonial America
- History of the Jews in Los Angeles
- History of the Jews in New York
- History of the Jews in Philadelphia
- History of the Jews in San Francisco
- History of the Jews in South Florida
- History of the Jews in Washington, D.C.
See also
- Crypto-Judaism
- Genetic studies on Jews
- Historical Jewish population comparisons
- History of the Jews during World War II
- Index of Jewish history-related articles
- Jewish population by country
- Jewish exodus from Arab lands
- Jewish question
- Jewish Science
- Lists of Jews
- Timeline of Jewish history
