Italo Calvino  

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 +{| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5"
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 +"The term [[metafiction]] appears to have been coined in English by [[William H. Gass]] in his 1970 essay “[[Philosophy and the Form of Fiction]]” while the term ''[[metapainting]]'' appeared in English perhaps for the first time in the 1978 essay "[[Levels of Reality in Literature]]" by [[Italo Calvino]]." --Sholem Stein
 +|}
{{Template}} {{Template}}
'''Italo Calvino''' ([[October 15]], [[1923]] – [[September 19]], [[1985]]) was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[writer]] and [[novelist]]. His best known works include the ''[[Our Ancestors]]'' trilogy (1952-1959), the ''[[Cosmicomics]]'' collection of short stories (1965), and the novels ''[[Invisible Cities]]'' (1972) and ''[[If on a winter's night a traveler]]'' (1979). '''Italo Calvino''' ([[October 15]], [[1923]] – [[September 19]], [[1985]]) was an [[Italy|Italian]] [[writer]] and [[novelist]]. His best known works include the ''[[Our Ancestors]]'' trilogy (1952-1959), the ''[[Cosmicomics]]'' collection of short stories (1965), and the novels ''[[Invisible Cities]]'' (1972) and ''[[If on a winter's night a traveler]]'' (1979).
-His style defies easy classification; much of his writing has an air of light fantasy reminiscent of fairy tales (Our Ancestors, Cosmicomics), but sometimes his writing is more "realistic" and in the scenic mode of observation ("Difficult Loves", for example). Some of his writing has been called [[postmodern literature|postmodern]], reflecting on literature and the act of reading, while some has been labeled magical realist, others fables, others simply "modern". Twelve years before his death, he was invited to and joined the [[Oulipo]] group of experimental writers. He wrote: "my working method has more often than not involved the subtraction of weight. I have tried to remove weight, sometimes from people, sometimes from heavenly bodies, sometimes from cities; above all I have tried to remove weight from the structure of stories and from language." +His style defies easy classification; much of his writing has an air of light fantasy reminiscent of fairy tales (Our Ancestors, Cosmicomics), but sometimes his writing is more "realistic" and in the scenic mode of observation ("Difficult Loves", for example). Some of his writing has been called [[postmodern literature|postmodern]], reflecting on literature and the act of reading, while some has been labeled magical realist, others fables, others simply "modern". Twelve years before his death, he was invited to and joined the [[Oulipo]] group of experimental writers. He wrote: "my working method has more often than not involved the subtraction of weight. I have tried to remove weight, sometimes from people, sometimes from heavenly bodies, sometimes from cities; above all I have tried to remove weight from the structure of stories and from language." (''[[Six Memos for the Next Millenium]]'')
-===Fiction===+== Bibliography ==
-{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"+''(dates are of original publication)''
-|-+ 
-! Title !! Original<br />publication !! English<br />translation !! Translator+* ''[[The Path to the Nest of Spiders]]'' (''Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno'', 1947)
-{{Book list+* ''Ultimo viene il corvo'' (1949)
- | title = ''Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno''+* ''I giovani del Po'' (1951)
- | publish_date = 1947+* ''[[The Cloven Viscount]]'' (''Il Visconte dimezzato'', 1951)
- | alt_title = ''[[The Path to the Nest of Spiders]]'' <br /> ''The Path to the Spiders' Nests''+* ''The Argentine Ant'' (''La formica Argentina'', 1952)
- | aux1 = 1957<br />1998+* ''L'entrata in guerra'' (1954)
- | aux2 = Archibald Colquhoun<br /> [[Martin McLaughlin]]+* ''[[Italian Folktales]]'' (''Fiabe Italiane'', 1956, retelling of traditional stories)
- | line_color = novel+* ''La panchina'' (1956, libretto for the [[opera]] by [[Sergio Liberovici]])
-}}+* ''La nuvola di smog'' (1958)
-{{Book list+* ''I racconti'' (1958)
- | title = ''Il visconte dimezzato''+* ''[[The Baron in the Trees]]'' (''Il barone rampante'', 1957)
- | publish_date = 1952+* ''[[The Nonexistent Knight]]'' (''Il cavaliere inesistente'', 1959)
- | alt_title = ''[[The Cloven Viscount]]''+* ''[[Our Ancestors]]'' (''I nostri antenati'', 1959, collection of ''Il cavaliere inesistente'', ''Il Visconte dimezzato'' and ''Il barone rampante'')
- | aux1 = 1962+* ''[[Marcovaldo]]'' (1963)
- | aux2 = Archibald Colquhoun+* ''The Watcher'' (''La giornata di uno scrutatore'', 1963)
- | line_color = novel+* ''[[La speculazione edilizia]]'' (1963)
-}}+* ''[[Cosmicomics]]'' (''Cosmicomiche'', 1965)
-{{Book list+* ''[[t zero]]'' (''Ti con zero'', 1967)
- | title = ''La formica argentina''+* ''Difficult Loves'' (''Gli amori difficili'', 1970, stories from the [[1940s]] and [[1950s]])
- | publish_date = 1952+* ''[[Invisible Cities]]'' (''Le città invisibili'', 1972)
- | alt_title = ''The Argentine Ant''+* ''[[The Castle of Crossed Destinies]]'' (''Il castello dei destini incrociati'', 1973)
- | aux1 = 1957+* ''Il nome, il naso'' (1973)
- | aux2 = Archibald Colquhoun+* ''Autobiografia di uno spettatore'' (1974)
- | line_color = shortstory+* ''La corsa delle giraffe'' (1975)
-}}+* [[The Watcher and other stories]] ''(1963, short story collection)
-{{Book list+* ''[[If On a Winter's Night a Traveler]]'' (''Se una notte d'inverno un viaggiatore'', 1979) (English translation ISBN 0-919630-23-5)
- | title = ''Fiabe Italiane''+* ''[[The Uses of Literature]]'' (1980, 1982, essays)
- | publish_date = 1956+* ''La vera storia'' (1982, libretto for the opera by [[Luciano Berio]])
- | alt_title = ''Italian Fables'' <br /> ''Italian Folk Tales'' <br /> ''[[Italian Folktales]]''+* ''[[Mr. Palomar]]'' - ''Palomar'' (1983)
- | aux1 = 1961<br /> 1975<br /> 1980+* ''[[Fantastic Stories]]'' (''Racconti Fantastici Dell'Ottocento'', two volumes, 1983)
- | aux2 = Louis Brigante<br /> Sylvia Mulcahy<br /> George Martin+* ''Science et métaphore chez [[Galileo Galilei|Galilée]]'' (1983, lectures at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes de la Sorbonne)
- | line_color = novel+* ''Collezione di sabbia'' (1984, essays)
-}}+ 
-{{Book list+Posthumous editions:
- | title = ''Il barone rampante''+* ''[[Under the Jaguar Sun]]'' (''Sotto il sole giaguaro'', 1988, short story collection)
- | publish_date = 1957+* ''[[Six Memos for the Next Millennium]]'' (''Lezioni americane'', 1988, lectures)
- | alt_title = ''[[The Baron in the Trees]]''+* ''[[The Road to San Giovanni]]'' (''La strada di San Giovanni'', 1990, autobiographical stories)
- | aux1 = 1959+* ''[[Why Read the Classics]]?'' (''Perché Leggere i Classici'', 1991, essays)
- | aux2 = Archibald Colquhoun+* ''[[Numbers in the Dark]]'' (1993)
- | line_color = novel+* ''[[Hermit in Paris]]'' (2003, autobiographical writings)
-}}+{{GFDL}}
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''La speculazione edilizia''+
- | publish_date = 1957+
- | alt_title = ''A Plunge into Real Estate''+
- | aux1 = 1984+
- | aux2 = D. S. Carne-Ross+
- | line_color = shortstory+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''Il cavaliere inesistente''+
- | publish_date = 1959+
- | alt_title = ''[[The Nonexistent Knight]]''+
- | aux1 = 1962+
- | aux2 = Archibald Colquhoun+
- | line_color = novel+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''La giornata d'uno scrutatore''+
- | publish_date = 1963+
- | alt_title = ''The Watcher''+
- | aux1 = 1971+
- | aux2 = [[William Weaver]]+
- | line_color = shortstory+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''Marcovaldo ovvero le stagioni in città''+
- | publish_date = 1963+
- | alt_title = ''[[Marcovaldo|Marcovaldo or the Seasons in the City]]''+
- | aux1 = 1983+
- | aux2 = William Weaver+
- | line_color = novel+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''La nuvola di smog''+
- | publish_date = 1965+
- | alt_title = ''Smog''+
- | aux1 = 1971+
- | aux2 = William Weaver+
- | line_color = shortstory+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''Le cosmicomiche''+
- | publish_date = 1965+
- | alt_title = ''[[Cosmicomics]]''+
- | aux1 = 1968+
- | aux2 = William Weaver+
- | line_color = novel+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''Ti con zero''+
- | publish_date = 1967+
- | alt_title = ''[[t zero]]'' (also published as ''Time and the Hunter'')+
- | aux1 = 1969+
- | aux2 = William Weaver+
- | line_color = novel+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''Il castello dei destini incrociati''+
- | publish_date = 1969+
- | alt_title = ''[[The Castle of Crossed Destinies]]''+
- | aux1 = 1977+
- | aux2 = William Weaver+
- | line_color = novel+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''Gli amori difficili''+
- | publish_date = 1970+
- | alt_title = ''Difficult Loves'' (also the title of 2 different collections)+
- | aux1 = 1984+
- | aux2 = William Weaver+
- | line_color = novel+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''Le città invisibili''+
- | publish_date = 1972+
- | alt_title = ''[[Invisible Cities]]''+
- | aux1 = 1974+
- | aux2 = William Weaver+
- | line_color = novel+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''Se una notte d'inverno un viaggiatore''+
- | publish_date = 1979+
- | alt_title = ''[[If on a winter's night a traveler]]''+
- | aux1 = 1981+
- | aux2 = William Weaver+
- | line_color = novel+
-}}+
-{{Book list+
- | title = ''Palomar''+
- | publish_date = 1983+
- | alt_title = ''[[Mr. Palomar]]''+
- | aux1 = 1985+
- | aux2 = William Weaver+
- | line_color = novel+
-}}+
-|}+

Current revision

"The term metafiction appears to have been coined in English by William H. Gass in his 1970 essay “Philosophy and the Form of Fiction” while the term metapainting appeared in English perhaps for the first time in the 1978 essay "Levels of Reality in Literature" by Italo Calvino." --Sholem Stein

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Italo Calvino (October 15, 1923 – September 19, 1985) was an Italian writer and novelist. His best known works include the Our Ancestors trilogy (1952-1959), the Cosmicomics collection of short stories (1965), and the novels Invisible Cities (1972) and If on a winter's night a traveler (1979).

His style defies easy classification; much of his writing has an air of light fantasy reminiscent of fairy tales (Our Ancestors, Cosmicomics), but sometimes his writing is more "realistic" and in the scenic mode of observation ("Difficult Loves", for example). Some of his writing has been called postmodern, reflecting on literature and the act of reading, while some has been labeled magical realist, others fables, others simply "modern". Twelve years before his death, he was invited to and joined the Oulipo group of experimental writers. He wrote: "my working method has more often than not involved the subtraction of weight. I have tried to remove weight, sometimes from people, sometimes from heavenly bodies, sometimes from cities; above all I have tried to remove weight from the structure of stories and from language." (Six Memos for the Next Millenium)

[edit]

Bibliography

(dates are of original publication)

Posthumous editions:


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