Funk
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | '''Funk''' is an [[Music of the United States |American]] [[Music genre|musical style]] that originated in the mid- to late-[[1960s]] when [[African American]] performers blended [[soul music]], [[soul jazz]] and [[R&B]] into a [[rhythmic]], [[dance]]able new form of music. Funk de-emphasizes [[melody]] and [[harmony]], and brings a strong [[rhythm]]ic groove of electric bass and drums to the foreground. Unlike [[R&B]] and soul songs, which had many chord changes, funk songs are often based on a single [[chord changes|chord]]. | + | '''Funk''' is a [[music genre]] that originated in [[African Americans|African-American]] communities in the mid-[[1960s in music|1960s]] when African-American musicians created a [[rhythmic]], [[dance]]able new form of music through a mixture of [[soul music]], [[jazz]], and [[rhythm and blues]] (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes [[melody]] and [[chord progressions]] and focuses on a strong rhythmic [[groove (music)|groove]] of a [[bassline]] played by an [[electric bass]]ist and a drum part played by a [[drum kit|drummer]], often at slower tempos than other popular music. Like much of [[Music of Africa|African-inspired music]], funk typically consists of a complex groove with [[Rhythm section|rhythm instruments]] playing interlocking grooves that created a "hypnotic" and "danceable feel". Funk uses the same richly colored [[extended chord]]s found in [[bebop]] jazz, such as [[minor chord]]s with added sevenths and elevenths, or [[dominant seventh]] chords with altered ninths and thirteenths. |
| - | Like much of African music, funk typically consists of a complex [[Groove (music)|groove]] with rhythm instruments such as [[electric guitar]], [[electric bass]], [[Hammond organ]], and [[drums]] playing interlocking rhythms. Funk bands also usually have a [[horn section]] of several [[saxophone]]s, [[trumpet]]s, and in some cases, a [[trombone]], which plays rhythmic "shots". | + | Funk originated in the mid-1960s, with [[James Brown]]'s development of a signature groove that emphasized the [[Beat (music)#Downbeat|downbeat]]—with heavy emphasis on the first beat of every [[Bar (music)|measure]] ("The One"), and the application of swung [[16th note]]s and [[syncopation]] on all basslines, drum patterns, and guitar riffs. Other musical groups, including [[Sly and the Family Stone]], [[The Meters]], and [[Parliament-Funkadelic]], soon began to adopt and develop Brown's innovations. Notable funk women include [[Chaka Khan]], [[Marva Whitney]], [[Lyn Collins]], [[Brides of Funkenstein]], [[Vicki Anderson]], Anna King (The JB's singer), and [[Parlet]]. |
| - | Influential [[African American]] funk performers include [[James Brown (musician)|James Brown]], [[Sly and the Family Stone]], [[George Clinton (funk musician)|George Clinton]], and [[The Meters]]. Notable 1970s funk bands included [[Earth, Wind & Fire]], [[Tower of Power]], [[The Commodores]], and [[Kool & the Gang]]. Funk music was a major influence on the development of 1970s [[disco]] music and funk [[sampling|samples]] are used in most styles of [[hip hop music]]. | + | Funk derivatives include the [[psychedelic funk]] of [[Sly Stone]] and [[George Clinton (musician)|George Clinton]]; the [[avant-funk]] of groups such as [[Talking Heads]] and [[the Pop Group]]; [[boogie (genre)|boogie]], a form of [[post-disco]] dance music; [[electro music]], a hybrid of electronic music and funk; [[funk metal]] (e.g., [[Living Colour]], [[Faith No More]]); G-funk, a mix of [[gangsta rap]] and funk; [[Timba]], a form of funky Cuban popular dance music; and funk jam. Funk [[sampling (music)|samples]] and [[breakbeat]]s have been used extensively in [[hip hop music|hip hop]] and various forms of [[electronic dance music]], such as [[house music]], and Detroit techno. It is also the main influence of [[go-go]], a subgenre associated with funk. |
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| Related: [[Afro funk]] - [[American music]] - [[disco]] - [[deep funk]] - [[electro-funk]] - [[black music]] - "[[Funky Drummer]]" - [[jazz funk]] - [[James Brown]] - [[Cymande]] - [[Jorge Ben]] - [[soul music]] - [[P-Funk]] - [[rare grooves]] - [[George Clinton (funk musician)|George Clinton]] | Related: [[Afro funk]] - [[American music]] - [[disco]] - [[deep funk]] - [[electro-funk]] - [[black music]] - "[[Funky Drummer]]" - [[jazz funk]] - [[James Brown]] - [[Cymande]] - [[Jorge Ben]] - [[soul music]] - [[P-Funk]] - [[rare grooves]] - [[George Clinton (funk musician)|George Clinton]] | ||
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Revision as of 10:06, 7 April 2020
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"Afrofuturist ideas were taken up in 1975 by George Clinton and his bands Parliament and Funkadelic with his magnum opus Mothership Connection and the subsequent The Clones of Dr. Funkenstein, P-Funk Earth Tour, Funkentelechy vs. the Placebo Syndrome, and Motor Booty Affair. In the thematic underpinnings to P-Funk mythology ("pure cloned funk"), Clinton in his alter ego Starchild spoke of "certified Afronauts, capable of funkitizing galaxies." --Sholem Stein |
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Funk is a music genre that originated in African-American communities in the mid-1960s when African-American musicians created a rhythmic, danceable new form of music through a mixture of soul music, jazz, and rhythm and blues (R&B). Funk de-emphasizes melody and chord progressions and focuses on a strong rhythmic groove of a bassline played by an electric bassist and a drum part played by a drummer, often at slower tempos than other popular music. Like much of African-inspired music, funk typically consists of a complex groove with rhythm instruments playing interlocking grooves that created a "hypnotic" and "danceable feel". Funk uses the same richly colored extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths and thirteenths.
Funk originated in the mid-1960s, with James Brown's development of a signature groove that emphasized the downbeat—with heavy emphasis on the first beat of every measure ("The One"), and the application of swung 16th notes and syncopation on all basslines, drum patterns, and guitar riffs. Other musical groups, including Sly and the Family Stone, The Meters, and Parliament-Funkadelic, soon began to adopt and develop Brown's innovations. Notable funk women include Chaka Khan, Marva Whitney, Lyn Collins, Brides of Funkenstein, Vicki Anderson, Anna King (The JB's singer), and Parlet.
Funk derivatives include the psychedelic funk of Sly Stone and George Clinton; the avant-funk of groups such as Talking Heads and the Pop Group; boogie, a form of post-disco dance music; electro music, a hybrid of electronic music and funk; funk metal (e.g., Living Colour, Faith No More); G-funk, a mix of gangsta rap and funk; Timba, a form of funky Cuban popular dance music; and funk jam. Funk samples and breakbeats have been used extensively in hip hop and various forms of electronic dance music, such as house music, and Detroit techno. It is also the main influence of go-go, a subgenre associated with funk.
See also
Related: Afro funk - American music - disco - deep funk - electro-funk - black music - "Funky Drummer" - jazz funk - James Brown - Cymande - Jorge Ben - soul music - P-Funk - rare grooves - George Clinton
