Weimar
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| - | '''Weimar''' is a [[city]] in [[Germany]]. Weimar is one of the great [[cultural]] sites of [[Europe]], having been home to such luminaries as [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe|Goethe]], [[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]], and [[Johann Gottfried von Herder|Herder]]. It has been a site of [[pilgrimage]] for the German [[intelligentsia]] since Goethe first moved to Weimar in the late [[18th century]]. The tombs of Goethe and Schiller as well as their archives, may be found in the city. It is around the city of Weimar that Goethe's famous 1809 ''[[Elective Affinities]]'' is based. | + | '''Weimar''' is a city in the federal state of [[Thuringia]], Germany. It is located in [[Central Germany (cultural area)|Central Germany]] between [[Erfurt]] in the west and [[Jena]] in the east. The city itself has a population of 65,000. Weimar is well known because of its large cultural heritage and its importance in German history. |
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| + | The city was a focal point of the [[German Enlightenment]] and home of the leading figures of the literary genre of [[Weimar Classicism]], writers [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] and [[Friedrich Schiller]]. In the 19th century, noted composers such as [[Franz Liszt]] made Weimar a music centre. Later, artists and architects such as [[Henry van de Velde]], [[Wassily Kandinsky]], [[Paul Klee]], [[Lyonel Feininger]], and [[Walter Gropius]] came to the city and founded the [[Bauhaus]] movement, the most important German design school of the [[interwar period]]. | ||
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| + | The political history of 20th-century Weimar was volatile: it was the place where [[Weimar Constitution|Germany's first democratic constitution]] was signed after the [[First World War]], giving its name to the [[Weimar Republic]] period in German politics (1918–33). It was also one of the cities mythologized by [[National Socialism|National Socialist]] propaganda. | ||
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| + | Until 1948, Weimar was the capital of Thuringia. Since the late 20th century, many places in the city centre have been designated as [[UNESCO World Heritage site]]s (either as part of the Weimar Classicism complex, or as part of the Bauhaus complex). Heritage tourism is one of the leading economic sectors of Weimar. | ||
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| + | Noted institutions in Weimar are the [[Bauhaus University, Weimar|Bauhaus University]], the [[Hochschule für Musik "Franz Liszt", Weimar|Liszt School of Music]], the [[Duchess Anna Amalia Library]], and two leading courts of Thuringia (the Supreme Administrative Court and Constitutional Court). In 1999, Weimar was the [[European Capital of Culture]]. | ||
| - | The period in [[History of Germany|German history]] from [[1919]]-[[1933]] is commonly referred to as the [[Weimar Republic]], as the Republic's [[constitution]] was drafted here because the capital, [[Berlin]], with its street [[riot]]ing after the [[1918]] [[German Revolution]], was considered too dangerous for the National Assembly to convene there. | ||
| - | Weimar was beside [[Dessau]] the center of the [[Bauhaus]] movement. The city houses [[art]] galleries, museums and the German national [[theatre]]. The [[Bauhaus University]] and the [[Liszt School of Music Weimar]] attracted many students, specializing in media and design, architecture, civil engineering and music, to Weimar. | ||
| - | During [[World War II]], there was a [[concentration camp]] near Weimar, at [[Buchenwald]], a little wood that Goethe had loved to frequent only 8 kilometers from the city center. More than 55,000 prisoners entered the gates bearing the mottos "Jedem das Seine" ("to each his due") and "Recht oder Unrecht—Mein Vaterland" ("right or wrong—my fatherland"). The [[Buchenwald concentration camp]] provided [[slave labour]] for local industry. | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| :''[[1920s Berlin]], [[Weimar culture]] '' | :''[[1920s Berlin]], [[Weimar culture]] '' | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Revision as of 09:12, 22 November 2021
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"In the course of the decade during which I have occupied myself with Weimar culture, an initially very quiet mistrust regarding research on the Weimar period developed that gradually has been transformed into a well-founded theoretical doubt. The more I read, the more uncertain I become about whether we are at all in a position to say anything sensible about the culture and the consciousness of those years from 1918 to 1933." --Critique of Cynical Reason (1983) by Peter Sloterdijk |
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Weimar is a city in the federal state of Thuringia, Germany. It is located in Central Germany between Erfurt in the west and Jena in the east. The city itself has a population of 65,000. Weimar is well known because of its large cultural heritage and its importance in German history.
The city was a focal point of the German Enlightenment and home of the leading figures of the literary genre of Weimar Classicism, writers Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. In the 19th century, noted composers such as Franz Liszt made Weimar a music centre. Later, artists and architects such as Henry van de Velde, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Lyonel Feininger, and Walter Gropius came to the city and founded the Bauhaus movement, the most important German design school of the interwar period.
The political history of 20th-century Weimar was volatile: it was the place where Germany's first democratic constitution was signed after the First World War, giving its name to the Weimar Republic period in German politics (1918–33). It was also one of the cities mythologized by National Socialist propaganda.
Until 1948, Weimar was the capital of Thuringia. Since the late 20th century, many places in the city centre have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage sites (either as part of the Weimar Classicism complex, or as part of the Bauhaus complex). Heritage tourism is one of the leading economic sectors of Weimar.
Noted institutions in Weimar are the Bauhaus University, the Liszt School of Music, the Duchess Anna Amalia Library, and two leading courts of Thuringia (the Supreme Administrative Court and Constitutional Court). In 1999, Weimar was the European Capital of Culture.
See also
