European Capital of Culture
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The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one year during which it is given a chance to showcase its cultural life and cultural development. A number of European cities have used the City of Culture year to transform their cultural base and, in doing so, the way in which they are viewed internationally.
European Cities/Capitals of Culture
Note: Between 2007 and 2018 multiple cities are named European Capital of Culture. In some future years, cities have not yet been selected, but the country from which that city will be chosen has already been determined (based on a rotation system), as listed below.
Past European Capitals of Culture
- 1985: Athens (Greece)
- 1986: Florence (Italy)
- 1987: Amsterdam (Netherlands)
- 1988: West Berlin (West Germany)
- 1989: Paris (France)
- 1990: Glasgow (United Kingdom)
- 1991: Dublin (Ireland)
- 1992: Madrid (Spain)
- 1993: Antwerp (Belgium)
- 1994: Lisbon (Portugal)
- 1995: Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
- 1996: Copenhagen (Denmark)
- 1997: Thessaloniki (Greece)
- 1998: Stockholm (Sweden)
- 1999: Weimar (Germany)
- 2000: Reykjavík (Iceland), Bergen (Norway), Helsinki (Finland), Brussels (Belgium), Prague (Czech Republic), Krakow (Poland), Santiago de Compostela (Spain), Avignon (France), Bologna (Italy)
- 2001: Porto (Portugal), Rotterdam (Netherlands)
- 2002: Bruges (Belgium), Salamanca (Spain)
- 2003: Graz (Austria)
- 2004: Genoa (Italy), Lille (France)
- 2005: Cork (Ireland)
- 2006: Patras (Greece)
- 2007: Sibiu (Romania), Luxembourg and greater region (Luxembourg)
- 2008: Stavanger and Sandnes (Norway) - Liverpool (United Kingdom)
Future European Capitals of Culture
According to the official EU website<ref>Official EU website</ref>
- 2009: Linz (Austria) — Vilnius (Lithuania)
- 2010: Istanbul (Turkey) — Pécs (Hungary) — Essen (Germany)
- 2011: Turku (Finland) — Tallinn (Estonia)
- 2012: Guimarães (Portugal) — Maribor (Slovenia)
- 2013: France — Slovakia
- 2014: Sweden — Latvia
- 2015: Belgium — Czech Republic
- 2016: Spain — Poland
- 2017: Denmark — Cyprus
- 2018: Netherlands — Malta
- 2019: Italy - Bulgaria
