Germany
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | [[Image:Nietzsche_in_Basel.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Friedrich Nietzsche]] (c. 1875)]] | ||
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| + | "What’s [[heaven]]? Heaven is where the [[police]] are [[Britishness|British]], the [[chef]]s are [[France|French]], the [[mechanics]] are [[Germany|German]], the [[lover]]s are [[Italy|Italian]] and the [[bank|banker]]s are [[Switzerland|Swiss]]. | ||
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| + | So then, what’s [[hell]]? Hell is where the police are German, the chefs are British, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss and the bankers are Italian." [[Heaven is where the police are British|[...]]] | ||
| + | <hr> | ||
| + | Writers: [[Brothers Grimm]], [[Goethe]], [[Gutenberg]], [[E. T. A. Hoffmann]], [[Elfriede Jelinek]], [[Franz Kafka]], [[Thomas Mann]], [[Leopold von Sacher-Masoch]], [[Nietzsche]], [[Arthur Schnitzler]], [[Schopenhauer]], [[Karl Valentin]] | ||
| + | <hr> | ||
| + | Directors: [[Fatih Akin]], [[Fritz Lang]], [[F. W. Murnau]], [[Robert Wiene]], [[Erich von Stroheim]], [[Josef von Sternberg]], [[Walter Ruttmann]], [[Rainer Werner Fassbinder]], [[Werner Herzog]], [[Wim Wenders]], [[Volker Schlöndorff]], [[Michael Haneke]] | ||
| + | <hr> | ||
| + | "In 2018 the European [[Google tax]] initiative is given a weaker version because Europe feared [[tariff]]s on [[Automotive industry in Germany|German cars]]."--Sholem Stein | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | [[Image:Wanderer.jpg|thumb|200px|''[[Wanderer above the Sea of Fog]]'' (1818) by Caspar David Friedrich]] | ||
| + | [[Image:German Autobahn 1936 1939.jpg|thumb|200px|A German [[autobahn]] in the 1930s]] | ||
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| + | '''Germany''' is a [[country]] in [[Western Europe|West]]-[[central Europe]]. It is bordered on the north by the [[North Sea]], [[Denmark]], and the [[Baltic Sea]]; on the east by [[Poland]] and the [[Czech Republic]]; on the south by [[Austria]] and [[Switzerland]]; and on the west by [[France]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Belgium]], and the [[Netherlands]]. | ||
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| + | Various [[Germanic tribes]] have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since [[classical antiquity]]. A region named [[Germania]] was documented before AD 100. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. During the 16th century, [[Northern Germany|northern German regions]] became the centre of the [[Protestant Reformation]]. Following the [[Napoleonic Wars]] and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the [[German Confederation]] was formed in 1815. In 1871, Germany became a nation state when [[Unification of Germany|most of the German states unified]] into the [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]]n-dominated [[German Empire]]. After World War I and the [[German Revolution of 1918–1919]], the Empire was replaced by the semi-presidential [[Weimar Republic]]. The [[Adolf Hitler's rise to power|Nazi seizure of power]] in 1933 led to the establishment of [[Nazi Germany|a dictatorship]], World War II, and [[the Holocaust]]. After the end of World War II in Europe and a period of [[Allied-occupied Germany|Allied occupation]], two new German states were founded: the Federal Republic of Germany, generally known as [[West Germany]], and the German Democratic Republic, [[East Germany]]. The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the [[European Economic Community]] and the [[European Union]], while the German Democratic Republic was a communist [[Eastern Bloc]] state and member of the [[Warsaw Pact]] until the [[Peaceful Revolution|fall of communism]]. | ||
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| + | Germany is a [[great power]] with a strong economy. | ||
| + | ==German culture and counterculture== | ||
| + | '''German culture''' began long before the rise of [[Germany]] as a [[nation state]]. Due to its rich culture, Germany is often known as ''[[das Land der Dichter und Denker]]'' (the land of poets and thinkers). | ||
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| + | Germany, over the centuries, has produced a great number of polymaths, geniuses and notable people, such as [[Albert Einstein]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven]], [[Johannes Kepler]], [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]], [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Johann Sebastian Bach]], [[Karl Marx]], [[Richard Wagner]], [[Martin Luther]], [[Friedrich Nietzsche]], [[Johannes Gutenberg]], [[Richard Strauss]] among others. | ||
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| + | German [[counterculture]] incluces | ||
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| + | *''[[Adolf, the Superman: Swallows Gold and Spouts Junk]]'' (1932), a photomontage by John Heartfield. | ||
| + | *''[[Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf]]'' (1936) by Wilhelm Reich | ||
| + | *The [[Red Army Faction]] | ||
| + | *''[[Sexfront]]'' (1970), a book by Günter Amendt and Alfred von Meysenbug | ||
| + | *''[[Besonders wertvoll]]'' (1968), a short subject by Hellmuth Costard | ||
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| + | ===See also=== | ||
| + | *[[German art]] | ||
| + | *[[German avant-garde]] | ||
| + | *[[German censorship]] | ||
| + | *[[German cinema]] | ||
| + | *[[German erotica]] | ||
| + | *[[German exploitation]] | ||
| + | *[[German left]] | ||
| + | *[[German stereotype]]s | ||
| + | **[[Pünktlichkeit]] and [[Gründlichkeit]] | ||
| + | *[[German folklore]] | ||
| + | *[[German horror]] | ||
| *[[German language]] | *[[German language]] | ||
| - | *[[Rolf Dieter Brinkmann]] | + | *[[German literature]] |
| + | *[[German satire]] | ||
| + | *[[German underground]] | ||
| - | == German horror == | + | === References === |
| - | :"The weird pleasure the Germans take in evoking [[horror]] can perhaps be ascribed to the excessive and very Germanic desire to submit to discipline, together with a certain proneness to Sadism. In 'Dichtung und Wahrheit' Goethe deplores the 'unfortunate pedagogical principle which tends to free children early in life from their fear of mystery and the invisible by accustoming them to terrifying spectacles'." This insight into the 'sublimity' of the German soul is put forward by [[Lotte Eisner]], the famous film historian, in her epochal work on the German film of the 20’s, "The Haunted Screen". --Ingo Petzke 1992 via http://www.fh-wuerzburg.de/petzke/nosferatu.html [Oct 2005] | + | *''[[The Haunted Screen]]'' (1952) by Lotte Eisner |
| + | *''[[All Power to the Imagination!]]'' (1997) by Sabine Von Dirke | ||
| - | :All of this combined make the early German cinema the natural birthplace of the horror film. --Tohill, Tombs (1994) | + | == See also == |
| + | *[[Anti-German sentiment]] | ||
| + | *[[German car industry]] | ||
| + | *[[Culture of Germany]] | ||
| + | *[[Deutschtum]] | ||
| + | *[[German Modernism]] | ||
| + | *[[German Romanticism]] | ||
| + | *[[German art]] | ||
| + | *[[German counterculture]] | ||
| + | *[[German literature]] | ||
| + | *[[Nazi Germany]] | ||
| + | *[[Stereotype of Germans]] | ||
| + | *[[Weimar Berlin]] | ||
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"What’s heaven? Heaven is where the police are British, the chefs are French, the mechanics are German, the lovers are Italian and the bankers are Swiss. So then, what’s hell? Hell is where the police are German, the chefs are British, the mechanics are French, the lovers are Swiss and the bankers are Italian." [...] Writers: Brothers Grimm, Goethe, Gutenberg, E. T. A. Hoffmann, Elfriede Jelinek, Franz Kafka, Thomas Mann, Leopold von Sacher-Masoch, Nietzsche, Arthur Schnitzler, Schopenhauer, Karl Valentin Directors: Fatih Akin, Fritz Lang, F. W. Murnau, Robert Wiene, Erich von Stroheim, Josef von Sternberg, Walter Ruttmann, Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, Volker Schlöndorff, Michael Haneke "In 2018 the European Google tax initiative is given a weaker version because Europe feared tariffs on German cars."--Sholem Stein |
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Germany is a country in West-central Europe. It is bordered on the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; on the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; on the south by Austria and Switzerland; and on the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands.
Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity. A region named Germania was documented before AD 100. Beginning in the 10th century, German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire. During the 16th century, northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation. Following the Napoleonic Wars and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, the German Confederation was formed in 1815. In 1871, Germany became a nation state when most of the German states unified into the Prussian-dominated German Empire. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–1919, the Empire was replaced by the semi-presidential Weimar Republic. The Nazi seizure of power in 1933 led to the establishment of a dictatorship, World War II, and the Holocaust. After the end of World War II in Europe and a period of Allied occupation, two new German states were founded: the Federal Republic of Germany, generally known as West Germany, and the German Democratic Republic, East Germany. The Federal Republic of Germany was a founding member of the European Economic Community and the European Union, while the German Democratic Republic was a communist Eastern Bloc state and member of the Warsaw Pact until the fall of communism.
Germany is a great power with a strong economy.
Contents |
German culture and counterculture
German culture began long before the rise of Germany as a nation state. Due to its rich culture, Germany is often known as das Land der Dichter und Denker (the land of poets and thinkers).
Germany, over the centuries, has produced a great number of polymaths, geniuses and notable people, such as Albert Einstein, Ludwig van Beethoven, Johannes Kepler, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Immanuel Kant, Johann Sebastian Bach, Karl Marx, Richard Wagner, Martin Luther, Friedrich Nietzsche, Johannes Gutenberg, Richard Strauss among others.
German counterculture incluces
- Adolf, the Superman: Swallows Gold and Spouts Junk (1932), a photomontage by John Heartfield.
- Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf (1936) by Wilhelm Reich
- The Red Army Faction
- Sexfront (1970), a book by Günter Amendt and Alfred von Meysenbug
- Besonders wertvoll (1968), a short subject by Hellmuth Costard
See also
- German art
- German avant-garde
- German censorship
- German cinema
- German erotica
- German exploitation
- German left
- German stereotypes
- German folklore
- German horror
- German language
- German literature
- German satire
- German underground
References
- The Haunted Screen (1952) by Lotte Eisner
- All Power to the Imagination! (1997) by Sabine Von Dirke
See also
- Anti-German sentiment
- German car industry
- Culture of Germany
- Deutschtum
- German Modernism
- German Romanticism
- German art
- German counterculture
- German literature
- Nazi Germany
- Stereotype of Germans
- Weimar Berlin
