1991
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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It was the year that is usually considered the final year of the Cold War that had begun in the late 1940s. During the year, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics collapsed into fifteen sovereign republics. India also abandoned its policies of socialism and autarky and began extensive neoliberal changes to its economy in July 1991 which would increase the GDP but also economic inequality over the next two decades. A U.N.-authorized coalition force from thirty-four nations fought against Iraq, which had invaded Kuwait in the previous year, 1990. The conflict would be called the Gulf War and would mark the beginning of a since-constant American military presence in the Middle East. The clash between Serbia and the other Yugoslav republics would lead into the beginning of the Yugoslav Wars.
The Japanese asset price bubble collapsed this year, leading to the Lost Years and a permanently stagnated (though still prosperous) Japanese economy.
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Art and culture
Film
Feature film
- My Own Private Idaho by Gus Van Sant
- Poison by Todd Haynes
- Leaving Las Vegas by Mike Figgis
- L.A. Story by Mick Jackson
- The Silence of the Lambs by Jonathan Demme
- Delicatessen by Marc Caro, Jean-Pierre Jeunet
- Deadlock by Lewis Teague
- Begotten by E. Elias Merhige
Video
- Thanksgiving Prayer by Gus Van Sant
Documentary
- Paris Is Burning by Jennie Livingston
Literature
Fiction
- American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis
- Time's Arrow by Martin Amis
- Dirty Weekend by Helen Zahavi
Non-fiction
- Cult Movie Stars by Danny Peary
Music
Singles
- Club Lonely by Lil Louis & the World
- Listen by System 7 (Derrick May)
- Finally by CeCe Peniston
- Always There by Incognito featuring Jocelyn Brown
Albums
- Classic Jazz-Funk Mastercuts Volume 1
- The Orb's Adventures Beyond the Ultraworld by The Orb
- The Mix by Kraftwerk
- The Third Power by Material
- Nevermind by Nirvana
Art
- Field by Antony Gormley
Births
Deaths
- Henri Lefèbvre (1901 - 1991)
- Miles Davis (1926 - 1991)
- Serge Gainsbourg (1928 - 1991)
- Martin Hannett (1948 - 1991)
- Jacques Morali (1947 - 1991)
- Guy Bourdin (1928-1991)
- Northrop Frye (1912 - 1991)
- Klaus Kinski (1926 - 1991)
- Robert J. Stoller (1924 – 1991)
- André Pieyre de Mandiargues (1909 - 1991)