December 18  

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 +! style="text-align:right; width:310px;"| << [[December 17]]
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 +! style="text-align:left; width:310px;"| [[December 19]] >>
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== Art and culture == == Art and culture ==
-*[[218 BC]] - [[Second Punic War]]: [[Battle of the Trebia]] - [[Hannibal Barca|Hannibal]]'s [[Carthaginian]] forces defeat those of the [[Roman Republic]]. 
-*[[1271]] - [[Kublai Khan]] renames his empire "Yuan" (元 yuán), officially marking the start of the [[Yuan Dynasty]] of [[China]]. 
-*[[1642]] - [[Abel Tasman]] becomes first European to land in [[New Zealand]] 
-*[[1793]] - Surrender of the frigate ''La Lutine'' by French royalists to [[Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood|Lord Hood]]; renamed [[HMS Lutine (1779)|HMS ''Lutine'']], she later becomes a famous treasure wreck. 
-*[[1865]] - The [[Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]] is ratified by Georgia, fulfilling the two-thirds requirement for ratification, and banning [[slavery]] in the [[United States]]. 
*[[1892]] - The first performance of [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]]'s ballet ''[[The Nutcracker]]'' is held at the [[Mariinsky Theatre]] in [[St. Petersburg]]. *[[1892]] - The first performance of [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky|Tchaikovsky]]'s ballet ''[[The Nutcracker]]'' is held at the [[Mariinsky Theatre]] in [[St. Petersburg]].
-*[[1900]] - The [[Upper Ferntree Gully]] to Gembrook [[rail terminology#n|Narrow-gauge]] (2 [[Foot (unit of length)|ft]] 6 [[Inch|in]] or 762 [[Millimetre|mm]]) Railway (now the [[Puffing Billy Railway]]) in [[Victoria (Australia)|Victoria]], [[Australia]] opened for traffic.+*[[1966]] - American release of [[Michelangelo Antonioni]]'s British-Italian art film ''[[Blowup]]''.
-*[[1926]] - The first performance of [[Leoš Janáček]]'s opera ''[[The Makropulos Affair]]'' is held in [[Brno]], [[Czechoslovakia]].+*[[1970]] - ''[[El Topo]]'' premieres at the [[Elgin Cinema]], New York.
-*[[1932]] - The [[Chicago Bears]] defeated the Portsmouth Spartans 9-0 in the first ever [[NFL Championship Game]]. Because of a [[blizzard]], the game was moved from [[Wrigley Field]] to the [[Chicago Stadium]], the field measuring 60 yards long.+
-*[[1935]] - The [[Lanka Sama Samaja Party]] is founded in [[Sri Lanka]]. +
-*[[1944]] - [[World War II]]: 77 [[B-29 Superfortress]] and 200 other aircraft of U.S. [[Fourteenth Air Force]] bomb [[Hankow, China]], a Japanese supply base. +
-*[[1961]] - [[Indonesia]] invades [[Netherlands New Guinea]]. +
-*[[1966]] - [[Saturn (planet)|Saturn]]'s moon [[Epimetheus (moon)|Epimetheus]] is discovered by [[Richard L. Walker]].+
-*[[1969]] - [[Capital punishment in the United Kingdom]]: [[Home Secretary]] [[James Callaghan]]'s motion to make permanent the ''[[Murder (Abolition of Death Penalty) Act 1965]]'', which had temporarily suspended [[capital punishment]] in [[England]], [[Wales]] and [[Scotland]] for murder (but not for all crimes) for a period of five years, is carried by both the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]] and the [[House of Lords]].+
-*[[1973]] - [[Soyuz programme|Soviet Soyuz Programme]]: ''[[Soyuz 13]]'', crewed by [[cosmonauts]] [[Valentin Lebedev]] and [[Pyotr Klimuk]], is launched from [[Baikonur]] in the [[Soviet Union]].+
-*[[1987]] - [[Larry Wall]] releases the first version of the [[Perl]] [[programming language]].+
-*[[1996]] - The [[Oakland, California]] [[school board]] passes a resolution officially declaring "[[African American Vernacular English|Ebonics]]" a language or dialect.+
-*[[1997]] - [[HTML|HTML 4.0]] is published by the [[World Wide Web Consortium]].+
-*[[1999]] - [[NASA]] launches into orbit the [[Terra (satellite)|Terra]] platform carrying five [[Earth Observation]] instruments, including [[ASTER]], [[Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System|CERES]], [[MISR]], [[MODIS]] and [[MOPITT]].+
-*[[2002]] - [[2003 California recall]]: [[Governor of California]] [[Gray Davis]] announces that the state would face a record [[budget deficit]] of $35 billion, roughly double the figure reported during his reelection campaign one month earlier.+
-*[[2006]] - Secretary of Defense [[Donald Rumsfeld]] resigns, [[Robert Gates]] is sworn in as the new Secretary of Defense.+
-*[[2007]] - Release date of the video game Rock Band for Playstation 2.+
==Births== ==Births==
-<!-- Please don't Wikify years that have already been linked (that means you, Skoglund) --> 
-*[[1507]] - [[Ōuchi Yoshitaka]], Japanese warlord (d. [[1551]]) 
-*[[1602]] - [[Simonds d'Ewes]], English antiquarian and politician (d. [[1650]]) 
-*[[1610]] - [[Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange]], French philologist (d. [[1688]]) 
-*[[1620]] - [[Heinrich Roth]], German Sanskrit scholar (d. [[1668]]) 
-*[[1626]] - Queen [[Christina of Sweden]] (d. [[1689]]) 
-*[[1661]] - [[Christopher Polhem]], Swedish scientist and inventor (d. [[1751]]) 
-*[[1662]] - [[James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry]], Scottish politician (d. [[1711]]) 
-*[[1707]] - [[Charles Wesley]], English Methodist hymnist (d. [[1788]]) 
-*[[1724]] - [[Louise of Great Britain]], wife of [[Frederick V of Denmark]] (d. [[1751]]) 
-*[[1725]] - [[Johann Salomo Semler]], German historian and Bible commentator (d. [[1791]]) 
-*[[1825]] - [[Charles Griffin (general)]], American general (d. [[1876]]) 
-*[[1835]] - [[Lyman Abbott]], American author (d. [[1922]]) 
-*[[1847]] - [[Augusta Holmès]], French composer (d. [[1903]]) 
-*[[1851]] - [[Graciano Lopez Jaena]], Filipino hero, orator and satirist (d. [[1896]]) 
-*[[1856]] - Sir [[J.J. Thomson]], British physicist and [[Nobel Prize in Physics|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1940]]) 
-*[[1860]] - [[Edward MacDowell]], American composer and pianist (d. [[1908]]) 
-*[[1863]] - [[Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria]] (d. [[1914]]) 
*[[1870]] - [[Saki]], British writer (d. [[1916]]) *[[1870]] - [[Saki]], British writer (d. [[1916]])
-*[[1873]] - [[Francis Burton Harrison]], American political figure (d. [[1957]])+*[[1878]] - [[Joseph Stalin]], leader of the Soviet Union (d. [[1953]])
-*[[1878]] - [[Josef Stalin]], leader of the Soviet Union (d. [[1953]])+
*[[1879]] - [[Paul Klee]], Swiss-born painter (d. [[1940]]) *[[1879]] - [[Paul Klee]], Swiss-born painter (d. [[1940]])
-*[[1886]] - [[Ty Cobb]], American baseball player (d. [[1961]])+*[[1916]] - [[Betty Grable]], American actress (d. 1973)
-*[[1888]] - [[Robert Moses]], American public works official (d. [[1981]])+*[[1926]] - [[Walter Lassally]], German-born British cinematographer closely associated with the British New Wave (d. 2017)
-* 1888 - Dame [[Gladys Cooper]], British actress (d. [[1971]])+*[[1931]] - [[Allen Klein]], American rock and roll business manager (d. 2009)
-*[[1890]] - [[Edwin Armstrong]], American inventor (d. [[1954]])+*[[1931]] - [[André S. Labarthe]] , French film critic, producer, director and screen writer (d. 2018)
-*[[1897]] - [[Fletcher Henderson]], American arranger and composer (d. [[1952]])+*[[1937]] - [[Frankie Crocker]], New York radio DJ. (d. 2000)
-*[[1904]] - [[George Stevens]], American film director (d. [[1975]])+
-*[[1907]] - [[Bill Holland]], American auto racer (d. [[1984]])+
-*[[1908]] - [[Paul Siple]], American Antarctic explorer (d. [[1969]])+
-*[[1910]] - [[Abe Burrows]], American playwright (d. [[1985]])+
-*[[1911]] - [[Jules Dassin]], American film director+
-*[[1912]] - [[Benjamin O. Davis Jr.]], American General (d. [[2002]])+
-*[[1913]] - [[Alfred Bester (author)|Alfred Bester]], American author (d. [[1987]])+
-* 1913 - [[Willy Brandt]], [[Chancellor of Germany]] and [[Nobel Peace Prize|Nobel Prize]] laureate (d. [[1992]])+
-* 1913 - [[Ray Meyer]], former head coach of [[DePaul University]] men's basketball team (d. [[2006]])+
-*[[1916]] - [[Betty Grable]], American actress (d. [[1973]])+
-* 1916 - [[Douglas Fraser]], British-born trade unionist+
-*[[1917]] - [[Ossie Davis]], American actor (d. [[2005]])+
-*[[1927]] - [[Ramsey Clark]], U.S. Attorney General+
-* 1927 - [[Romeo LeBlanc]], 25th [[Governor General of Canada]]+
-*[[1928]] - [[Józef Glemp]], Polish cardinal+
-*[[1929]] - [[Gino Cimoli]], American baseball player +
-*[[1930]] - [[Moose Skowron]], American baseball player+
-*[[1931]] - [[Allen Klein]], American rock and roll business manager+
-* 1931 - [[Alison Plowden]], British historian (d. [[2007]])+
-*[[1933]] - [[Arthur Leigh Allen]], Suspected Zodiac serial killer (d. [[1992]])+
-*[[1934]] - [[Boris Volynov]], Soviet cosmonaut+
-*[[1935]] - [[Jacques Pépin]], French chef+
-*[[1936]] - [[Malcolm Kirk]], wrestler (d. [[1987]])+
-*[[1938]] - [[Roger E. Mosley]], American actor+
-* 1938 - [[Joel Hirschhorn]], American songwriter and composer (d. [[2005]]) +
-* 1938 - [[Chas Chandler]], English musician ([[The Animals]]) (d. [[1996]])+
*[[1939]] - [[Michael Moorcock]], British author *[[1939]] - [[Michael Moorcock]], British author
-* 1939 - [[Harold E. Varmus]], American scientist and [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|Nobel Prize]] laureate 
-*[[1940]] - [[Bramwell Morrison]], member of [[Sharon, Lois & Bram]] 
-*[[1941]] - [[Wadada Leo Smith]], American trumper and composer 
*[[1943]] - [[Keith Richards]], English guitarist ([[The Rolling Stones]]) *[[1943]] - [[Keith Richards]], English guitarist ([[The Rolling Stones]])
-*[[1945]] - [[Jean Pronovost]], Canadian ice hockey player 
*[[1946]] - [[Steven Spielberg]], American film director *[[1946]] - [[Steven Spielberg]], American film director
-* 1946 - [[Steve Biko]], South African anti-apartheid activist (d. [[1977]])+*[[1952]] - [[Bettina Rheims]], French artist and photographer
-*[[1948]] - [[Bill Nelson (musician)|Bill Nelson]], British musician (Be Bop Deluxe)+*[[1955]] - [[Ray Liotta]], American actor (d. 2022)
-* 1948 - [[Laurent Voulzy]], French singer and composer+*[[1963]] - [[Brad Pitt]], American actor
-*[[1949]] - [[David A. Johnston]], USGS volcanoligist first to report mt StHelens 1980 eruption+
-*[[1950]] - [[Gillian Armstrong]], Australian film director+
-* 1950 - [[Leonard Maltin]], American film critic+
-* 1950 - [[Randy Castillo]], American drummer ([[Ozzy Osbourne]]) (d.[[2002]])+
-*[[1953]] - [[Elliot Easton]], American guitarist ([[The Cars]])+
-*[[1953]] - [[Khas-Magomed Hadjimuradov]], Chechen bard+
-*[[1955]] - [[Ray Liotta]], American actor+
-*[[1956]] - [[Ron White]], American comedian+
-*[[1960]] - [[Kazuhide Uekusa]], Japanese economist +
-*[[1961]] - [[Brian Orser]], Canadian figure skater+
-*[[1963]] - [[Karl Dorrell]], American football coach+
-* 1963 - [[Brad Pitt]], American actor+
-*[[1963]] - [[Charles Oakley]], American basketball player+
-*[[1964]] - [[Stone Cold Steve Austin]], American professional wrestler+
-* 1964 - [[Don Beebe]], American football player+
-* 1964 - [[Robson Green]], British actor and singer+
-*[[1965]] - [[Mick Collins]], American musician ([[The Gories]], [[The Dirtbombs]])+
-* 1965 - [[Tommy Davidson]], American actor+
-*[[1966]] - [[Mille Petrozza]], German singer ([[Kreator]])+
-*[[1966]] - [[Makiko Esumi]], Japanese actress+
-*[[1967]] - [[Toine van Peperstraten]], Dutch sports journalist+
-*[[1968]] - [[Rachel Griffiths]], Australian actress+
-* 1968 - [[Casper Van Dien]], American actor+
-* 1968 - [[Alejandro Sanz]], Spanish singer+
-*[[1969]] - [[Santiago Cañizares]], Spanish footballer+
-* 1969 - [[Justin Edinburgh]], English footballer+
-* 1969 - [[Akira Iida]], Japanese racing driver+
-*[[1970]] - [[DMX (rapper)|DMX]], American rapper and actor+
-* 1970 - [[Miles Marshall Lewis]], American author+
-* 1970 - [[Rob Van Dam]], American professional wrestler+
-* 1970 - [[Cowboy Troy]], American rapper+
-* 1970 - [[Anthony Catanzaro]], American fitness model+
-* 1970 - [[Victoria Pratt]], Canadian actress and fitness model+
-* 1970 - [[Johnny Yeo]], British artist+
-*[[1971]] - [[Arantxa Sánchez Vicario]], Spanish tennis player+
-* 1971 - [[Barkha Dutt]], Indian journalist+
-* 1971 - [[Noriko Matsueda]], Japanese composer+
-*[[1972]] - [[DJ Lethal]], Latvian DJ ([[House of Pain]] & [[Limp Bizkit]])+
-*[[1972]] - [[Raymond Herrera]], American drummer [[Fear Factory]] and various music projects; Owner of 3volution Productions; Co-owner of Kool Arrow Records, Xon Xon Media, Cocaine Energy Drink and Temple Studios. +
-*[[1974]] - [[Kari Byron]], artist and television personality+
-* 1974 - [[Peter Boulware]], American football player+
-* 1974 - [[Euroboy]], Norwegian musician ([[Turbonegro]])+
-*[[1975]] - [[Trish Stratus]], Canadian professional wrestler+
-* 1975 - [[Masaki Sumitani]], Japanese comedian+
-*[[1976]] - [[Koyuki]], Japanese actress and model+
-*[[1977]] - [[José Acevedo]], Dominican baseball player+
-*[[1978]] - [[Katie Holmes]], American actress+
-* 1978 - [[Ali Curtis]], American footballer+
-* 1978 - [[Daniel Cleary]], Canadian ice hockey player+
-*[[1979]] - [[Carlos (footballer)|Carlos Fernandes]], Portuguese footballer+
-*[[1980]] - [[Christina Aguilera]], American singer+
-*[[1982]] - [[Dave Luetkenhoelter]], American bassist ([[Kutless]])+
-*[[1983]] - [[Darren Carter]], English footballer+
-*[[1985]] - [[Hana Soukupová]], Czech supermodel+
-* 1985 - [[Tara Conner]], 2006 [[Miss USA]]+
-*[[1987]] - [[Ayaka]], Japanese singer+
-* 1987 - [[Miki Ando]], Japanese figure skater+
-* 1987 - [[Fernando Jara]], Panamanian-American jockey+
-*[[1989]] - [[Ashley Benson]], American actress+
- +
-<!-- +
-Please do not add yourself, non-notable people, fictional characters, or people without Wikipedia articles to this list. No red links, please. +
-Do not link multiple occurrences of the same year, just link the first occurrence.+
-If there are multiple people in the same birth year, put them in alphabetical order.+
-Do not trust "this year in history" websites for accurate date information. -->+
==Deaths== ==Deaths==
-* [[821]] - [[Theodulf]], [[Bishop of Orléans]] 
-*[[1133]] - [[Hildebert]], French writer 
-*[[1290]] - King [[Magnus I of Sweden]] (b. [[1240]]) 
-*[[1442]] - [[Pierre Cauchon]], French Catholic bishop (b. [[1371]]) 
-*[[1495]] - King [[Alphonso II of Naples]] (b. [[1448]]) 
-*[[1692]] - [[Veit Ludwig von Seckendorff]], German statesman (b. [[1626]]) 
-*[[1737]] - [[Antonio Stradivari]], Italian violin maker (b. [[1644]]) 
-*[[1787]] - [[Francis William Drake]], British Admiral and Governor of Newfoundland (b. [[1724]]) 
-* 1787 - [[Soame Jenyns]], English writer (b. [[1704]]) 
-*[[1799]] - [[Jean-Étienne Montucla]], French mathematician (b. [[1725]]) 
*[[1803]] - [[Johann Gottfried Herder]], German writer (b. [[1744]]) *[[1803]] - [[Johann Gottfried Herder]], German writer (b. [[1744]])
-*[[1829]] - [[Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]], French scientist (b. [[1744]]) 
-*[[1843]] - [[Thomas Graham, Lord Lynedoch]], British Viceroy of India (b. [[1748]]) 
-*[[1848]] - [[Bernard Bolzano]], Bohemian mathematician and philosopher (b. [[1781]]) 
*[[1869]] - [[Louis Moreau Gottschalk]], American composer and pianist (b. [[1829]]) *[[1869]] - [[Louis Moreau Gottschalk]], American composer and pianist (b. [[1829]])
-*[[1880]] - [[Michel Chasles]], French mathematician (b. [[1793]]) 
-*[[1936]] - [[Andrija Mohorovičić]], Austro-Hungarian-born Yugoslav seismologist (b. [[1857]]) 
-*[[1966]] - [[Tara Browne]], British socialite (b. [[1945]]) 
-*[[1971]] - [[Bobby Jones (golfer)|Bobby Jones]], American golfer (b. [[1902]]) 
-* 1971 - [[Diana Lynn]], American actress (b. [[1926]]) 
-*[[1973]] - [[Allama Rasheed Turabi]], Pakistani scholar, orator and philosopher (b. [[1908]]) 
-*[[1974]] - [[Harry Hooper]], American baseball player (b. [[1887]]) 
-*[[1975]] - [[Theodosius Dobzhansky]], Ukrainian geneticist (b. [[1900]]) 
-*[[1980]] - [[Alexei Kosygin]], [[Premier of the USSR]] (b. [[1904]]) 
-*[[1982]] - [[Hans-Ulrich Rudel]], German pilot (b. [[1916]]) 
-*[[1985]] - [[Xuân Diệu]], Vietnamese poet (b. [[1916]])  
*[[1987]] - [[Conny Plank|Konrad "Conny" Plank]], German record producer and musician (b. [[1940]]) *[[1987]] - [[Conny Plank|Konrad "Conny" Plank]], German record producer and musician (b. [[1940]])
-*[[1990]] - [[Paul Tortelier]], French cellist and composer (b. [[1914]]) 
-* 1990 - [[Anne Revere]], American actress (b. [[1903]]) 
-*[[1991]] - [[George Abecassis]], British Formula 1 driver (b. [[1913]]) 
-*[[1992]] - [[Mark Goodson]], American game show producer (b. [[1915]]) 
-*[[1993]] - [[Charizma]], American rapper (b. [[1973]]) 
-* 1993 - [[Sam Wanamaker]], American actor (b. [[1919]]) 
-*[[1994]] - [[Roger Apéry]], Greek-French mathematician (b. [[1916]]) 
-*[[1995]] - [[Konrad Zuse]], German engineer and computing pioneer (b. [[1910]]) 
-*[[1996]] - [[Yulii Borisovich Khariton]], Russian physicist (b. [[1904]]) 
-*[[1997]] - [[Chris Farley]], American actor and comedian (b. [[1964]]) 
-*[[1998]] - [[Lev Demin]], cosmonaut (b. [[1926]]) 
*[[1999]] - [[Robert Bresson]], French film director (b. [[1907]]) *[[1999]] - [[Robert Bresson]], French film director (b. [[1907]])
-*[[2000]] - [[Randolph Apperson Hearst]], son of W. Randolph Hearst and father of Patty (b. [[1915]]) 
-* 2000 - [[Kirsty MacColl]], British singer and songwriter (b. [[1959]]) 
-*[[2001]] - [[Gilbert Bécaud]], French singer (b. [[1927]]) 
-* 2001 - [[Dimitris Dragatakis]], Greek composer (b. [[1914]]) 
-*[[2002]] - [[Ray Hnatyshyn]], [[Governor-General of Canada]] (b. [[1934]]) 
-* 2002 - [[Wayne Owens]], former U.S. Congressman (D-UT) (b. [[1937]]) 
-*[[2004]] - [[Anthony Sampson]], British journalist and biographer (b. [[1926]]) 
-*[[2005]] - [[Alan Voorhees]], American engineer and urban planner (b. [[1922]]) 
-*[[2006]] - [[Joseph Barbera]], American cartoonist (b. [[1911]]) 
-* 2006 - [[Ruth Bernhard]], American photographer ([[1905]]) 
-* 2006 - [[Mike Dickin]], British radio broadcaster (b. [[1943]])  
-* 2006 - [[Shaukat Siddiqui]], Pakistani author, journalist and political activist (b.  
-== Notes == 
-# Bettina Rheims 
-# André S. Labarthe 
-# Robert Bresson 
-# Joseph Stalin 
-# Michael Moorcock 
-# Paul Klee 
-# Allen Klein 
-# Conny Plank 
-# Johann Gottfried Herder 
-# Frankie Crocker 
-# Louis Moreau Gottschalk 
-# Saki 
-# Betty Grable 
-# Brad Pitt 
- * Adolf Daens 
- * Walter Lassally 
- * Keith Richards 
- 
- 
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