Migration Period
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| - | The '''Migration Period''', also called the '''Barbarian Invasions''' or '''Völkerwanderung''' ([[German Language|German]] for "wandering of the peoples"), was a period of [[human migration]] that occurred roughly between the years 300 to 700 [[Anno Domini|A.D.]] in [[Europe]], marking the transition from [[Late Antiquity]] to the [[Early Middle Ages]]. These movements were catalyzed by profound changes within both the Roman Empire and the so-called 'barbarian frontier'. Migrating peoples during this period included the [[Goths]], [[Vandals]], [[Bulgars]], [[Alans]], [[Suebi]], [[Frisians]], and [[Franks]], among other [[Germanic tribes|Germanic]], and [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] tribes. | + | The '''Migration Period''' was a time of widespread migrations within or into [[Europe]] in the middle of the first millennium AD. It has also been termed the '''''Völkerwanderung''''' ([[German language|German]]) and, from the Roman and Greek perspective the '''Barbarian Invasions'''. Many of the migrations were movements of [[Germanic people|Germanic]], [[Slavic people|Slavic]], and other peoples into the territory of the then [[Roman Empire]], with or without accompanying invasions or war. |
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| + | The migrants comprised war bands or tribes of 10,000 to 20,000 people, but in the course of 100 years, they numbered not more than 750,000 in total, compared to an average 39.9 million population of the Roman Empire at that time. Although immigration was common throughout the time of the Roman Empire, the period in question was, in the 19th century, often defined as running from about the 5th to 8th centuries AD. The first migrations of peoples were made by [[Germanic peoples|Germanic tribes]] such as the [[Goths]] (including the [[Visigoths]] and the [[Ostrogoths]]), the [[Vandals]], the [[Anglo-Saxons]], the [[Lombards]], the [[Suebi]], the [[Frisii]], the [[Jutes]], the [[Burgundians]], the [[Alamanni]], the [[Scirii]] and [[Franks]]; they were later pushed westwards by the [[Huns]], the [[Pannonian Avars|Avars]], the [[Slavs]] and the [[Bulgars]]. | ||
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| + | Later invasions (such as the [[Vikings|Viking]], the [[Normans|Norman]], the [[Hungarian people|Hungarian]], the [[Moors|Moorish]], the [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]], and the [[Mongol invasion of Europe|Mongol]]), also had significant effects (especially in [[North Africa]], the [[Iberian Peninsula]], [[Anatolia]] and [[Central Europe|Central]] and [[Eastern Europe]]); however, they are outside the scope of the Migration Period. | ||
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| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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The Migration Period was a time of widespread migrations within or into Europe in the middle of the first millennium AD. It has also been termed the Völkerwanderung (German) and, from the Roman and Greek perspective the Barbarian Invasions. Many of the migrations were movements of Germanic, Slavic, and other peoples into the territory of the then Roman Empire, with or without accompanying invasions or war.
The migrants comprised war bands or tribes of 10,000 to 20,000 people, but in the course of 100 years, they numbered not more than 750,000 in total, compared to an average 39.9 million population of the Roman Empire at that time. Although immigration was common throughout the time of the Roman Empire, the period in question was, in the 19th century, often defined as running from about the 5th to 8th centuries AD. The first migrations of peoples were made by Germanic tribes such as the Goths (including the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths), the Vandals, the Anglo-Saxons, the Lombards, the Suebi, the Frisii, the Jutes, the Burgundians, the Alamanni, the Scirii and Franks; they were later pushed westwards by the Huns, the Avars, the Slavs and the Bulgars.
Later invasions (such as the Viking, the Norman, the Hungarian, the Moorish, the Turkic, and the Mongol), also had significant effects (especially in North Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, Anatolia and Central and Eastern Europe); however, they are outside the scope of the Migration Period.
See also
- Dark Ages (historiography)
- Genetic history of the British Isles
- Late Antiquity
- Medieval demography
- Migration Period art
- Slavic migration
- Five Barbarians and Sixteen Kingdoms
- Hephthalite Empire
