26th of July Movement
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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The 26th of July Movement (Template:Lang-es; M-26-7) was a Cuban vanguard revolutionary organization and later a political party led by Fidel Castro. The 26th of July Movement was informally created in 1953 by Castro. The movement attacked the army barracks on Santiago de Cuba in an attempt to start the overthrowing of the dictator Fulgencio Batista. Fidel Castro's nationalist ideology was founded in the ideas of José Martí.
This is considered one of the most important organizations among the Cuban Revolution. At the end of 1956, Castro established a guerrilla in the Sierra Maestra. This base defeated the troops of Batista on December 31, 1958, setting into motion the Cuban Revolution and installing a government lead by Manuel Urrutia Lleó. The Movement fought the Batista regime on both rural and urban fronts. The movement's main objectives were distribution of land to peasants, nationalization of public services, industrialization, honest elections, and large scale education reform.
In July 1961, the 26th of July Movement was one of the parties that integrated into the Organizaciones Revolucionarias Integradas (ORI) of the Integrated Revolutionary Organization (IRO) as well as the Popular Socialist Party and the March 13 Revolutionary Directory. On March 26, 1962, the party dissolved to form the Partido Unido de la Revolución Socialista de Cuba (PURSC) or the United Party of the Socialist Revolution of Cuba (UPSRC), which held a communist ideology.
