War crime
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
(Difference between revisions)
| Revision as of 08:48, 2 April 2013 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff |
Current revision Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| + | {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" | ||
| + | | style="text-align: left;" | | ||
| + | "During the early stages of the [[Iraq War]], members of the [[United States Army]] and the CIA, under the direct orders of the then Secretary of Defence [[Donald Rumsfeld]], committed a series of [[human rights violations]] and [[War crime |war crimes]], known as the [[Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse]]."--Sholem Stein | ||
| + | |} | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| - | In the context of [[war]], a '''war crime''' is a punishable offense under [[international law]], for violations of the [[laws of war]] by any person or persons, [[military]] or [[civilian]]. | + | A '''war crime''' is an act that constitutes a serious [[violation]] of the [[laws of war]] that gives rise to individual [[Crime|criminal]] responsibility. Examples of crimes include [[Crimes against humanity|intentionally killing civilians]] or [[Prisoners of war|prisoners]], [[torturing]], destroying civilian property, taking [[hostage]]s, performing a [[perfidy]], [[Wartime sexual violence|raping]], [[children in the military|using child soldiers]], [[pillaging]], declaring that [[no quarter]] will be given, and seriously violating the principles of [[distinction (law)|distinction]], [[proportionality (law)|proportionality]], and [[military necessity]]. |
| - | War crimes can be committed during international armed conflict or internal armed conflict (see Tadic [Interlocutory Appeal] ICTY 1995. Formerly war crimes were limited to international conflicts but this has changed over time as the International Human Rights regime has gained in momentum. | + | |
| - | War crimes such as [[perfidy]] have existed for many centuries as customary law between civilised countries, Many of these customary laws were clarified in the [[Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907]]. The modern concept of war crime was further developed under the auspices of the [[Nuremberg Trial]]s based on the definition in the [[London Charter]] that was published on [[August 8]], [[1945]]. Along with war crimes the charter also defined [[crimes against peace]] and [[crimes against humanity]], which are often committed during wars and in concert with war crimes, but are different offenses under international law. | + | The concept of war crimes emerged at the turn of the twentieth century when the body of [[customary international law]] applicable to warfare between [[sovereign state]]s was codified. Such codification occurred at the national level, such as with the publication of the [[Lieber Code]] in the United States, and at the international level with the adoption of the treaties during the [[Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907]]. Moreover, trials in national courts during this period further helped clarify the law. Following the end of [[World War II]], major developments in the law occurred. Numerous trials of [[Axis powers|Axis]] war criminals established the [[Nuremberg principles]], such as the notion that war crimes constituted [[International criminal law|crimes defined by international law]]. Additionally, the [[Geneva Conventions]] in 1949 defined new war crimes and established that states could exercise [[universal jurisdiction]] over such crimes.<ref name="Cassese"/> In the late 20th century and early 21st century, following the creation of several [[international court]]s, additional categories of war crimes applicable to armed conflicts other than those between states, such as [[civil war]]s, were defined. |
| - | ==See also== | + | |
| - | ;Country listings | + | == See also ==<!-- PLEASE RESPECT ALPHABETICAL ORDER --> |
| - | *[[List of war crimes]] | + | |
| - | *[[1971 Bangladesh atrocities]] | + | |
| - | *[[Allied war crimes during World War II]] | + | |
| - | *[[British war crimes]] | + | |
| - | *[[United States war crimes]] | + | |
| - | *[[Armenian Genocide]] | + | |
| - | *[[Consequences of German Nazism]] | + | |
| - | *[[German war crimes]] | + | |
| - | *[[International Military Tribunal for the Far East]] | + | |
| - | *[[Japanese war crimes]] | + | |
| - | *[[Soviet war crimes]] | + | |
| - | *[[United States Senate Committee on the Philippines]] | + | |
| - | *[[War crimes of the Wehrmacht]] | + | |
| - | ;Legal issues | + | ===Country listings=== |
| - | *[[American Service-Members' Protection Act]] | + | * [[List of war crimes]] |
| - | *[[Command responsibility]] | + | * [[1971 Bangladesh atrocities]] |
| - | *[[Laws of war]] | + | * [[Allied war crimes during World War II]] |
| - | *[[Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project (RULAC)]] | + | * [[British war crimes]] |
| - | *[[Russell Tribunal]] | + | * [[German war crimes]] |
| - | *[[Special Court for Sierra Leone]] | + | ** [[Consequences of German Nazism]] |
| - | *[[The International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq]] | + | ** [[Holocaust]] |
| - | *[[War Crimes Law (Belgium)]] | + | ** [[War crimes of the Wehrmacht]] |
| - | + | * [[International Military Tribunal for the Far East]] | |
| - | ;Miscellaneous | + | * [[Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant#Human rights abuse and war crime findings|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant war crimes findings]] |
| - | *[[Crime against humanity]] | + | * [[Italian war crimes]] |
| - | *[[Crime against peace]] | + | * [[Japanese war crimes]] |
| - | *[[Doctors' Trial]] | + | * [[Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen]] |
| - | *[[Forensic archaeology]] | + | * [[:Category:Korean War crimes|Korean War crimes]] |
| - | *[[Human shield]] | + | * [[Soviet war crimes]] |
| - | *[[International Criminal Court investigations]] | + | * [[United States Senate Committee on the Philippines]] |
| - | *[[Katyn massacre]] | + | * [[United States war crimes]] |
| - | *[[Nazi human experimentation]] | + | |
| - | *[[NKVD prisoner massacres]] | + | |
| - | *[[Nuremberg Principles]] | + | |
| - | *[[Srebrenica massacre]] | + | |
| - | *[[Terror bombing]] | + | |
| - | *[[Transitional justice]] | + | |
| - | *[[Winter Soldier Investigation]] | + | |
| - | *[[Razakars (Pakistan)]] | + | |
| + | ===Legal issues=== | ||
| + | * [[American Service-Members' Protection Act]] | ||
| + | * [[Command responsibility]] | ||
| + | * [[Law of war]] | ||
| + | * [[Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project (RULAC)]] | ||
| + | * [[Russell Tribunal]] | ||
| + | * [[Special Court for Sierra Leone]] | ||
| + | * [[The International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq]] | ||
| + | * [[War Crimes Law (Belgium)]] | ||
| + | * [[War Crimes Act of 1996]] – incorporation of War Crimes into United States law | ||
| + | * [[Universal jurisdiction]] | ||
| + | ===Miscellaneous=== | ||
| + | * [[Chronicles of Terror]] | ||
| + | * [[Civilian internee]] | ||
| + | * [[Commando Order|Commando order]] | ||
| + | * [[Commissar Order|Commissar order]] | ||
| + | * [[Crimes against humanity]] | ||
| + | * [[Crime against peace]] | ||
| + | * [[Crime of aggression]] | ||
| + | * [[Doctors' trial|Doctors' Trial]] | ||
| + | * [[Forensic archaeology]] | ||
| + | * [[Human shield]] | ||
| + | * [[International Criminal Court investigations]] | ||
| + | * [[Katyn massacre]] | ||
| + | * [[List of denaturalized former citizens of the United States]], including those denaturalized for concealing involvement in war crimes to obtain [[American citizenship|that country's citizenship]] | ||
| + | * [[Looting]] | ||
| + | * [[Mass Atrocity crimes]] | ||
| + | * [[Mass killing]] | ||
| + | * [[Military use of children]] | ||
| + | * [[Nazi human experimentation]] | ||
| + | * [[NKVD prisoner massacres]] | ||
| + | * [[No quarter]] | ||
| + | * [[Nuremberg Principles]] | ||
| + | * [[Perfidy]] | ||
| + | * [[Razakars (Pakistan)]] | ||
| + | * [[Satellite Sentinel Project]] | ||
| + | * [[Srebrenica massacre]] | ||
| + | * [[State terrorism]] | ||
| + | * [[Terror bombing]] | ||
| + | * [[Transitional justice]] | ||
| + | * [[Unlawful combatant]] | ||
| + | * [[Wartime sexual violence]] | ||
| + | * [[Winter Soldier Investigation]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
|
"During the early stages of the Iraq War, members of the United States Army and the CIA, under the direct orders of the then Secretary of Defence Donald Rumsfeld, committed a series of human rights violations and war crimes, known as the Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse."--Sholem Stein |
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility. Examples of crimes include intentionally killing civilians or prisoners, torturing, destroying civilian property, taking hostages, performing a perfidy, raping, using child soldiers, pillaging, declaring that no quarter will be given, and seriously violating the principles of distinction, proportionality, and military necessity.
The concept of war crimes emerged at the turn of the twentieth century when the body of customary international law applicable to warfare between sovereign states was codified. Such codification occurred at the national level, such as with the publication of the Lieber Code in the United States, and at the international level with the adoption of the treaties during the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. Moreover, trials in national courts during this period further helped clarify the law. Following the end of World War II, major developments in the law occurred. Numerous trials of Axis war criminals established the Nuremberg principles, such as the notion that war crimes constituted crimes defined by international law. Additionally, the Geneva Conventions in 1949 defined new war crimes and established that states could exercise universal jurisdiction over such crimes.<ref name="Cassese"/> In the late 20th century and early 21st century, following the creation of several international courts, additional categories of war crimes applicable to armed conflicts other than those between states, such as civil wars, were defined.
Contents |
[edit]
See also
[edit]
Country listings
- List of war crimes
- 1971 Bangladesh atrocities
- Allied war crimes during World War II
- British war crimes
- German war crimes
- International Military Tribunal for the Far East
- Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant war crimes findings
- Italian war crimes
- Japanese war crimes
- Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
- Korean War crimes
- Soviet war crimes
- United States Senate Committee on the Philippines
- United States war crimes
[edit]
Legal issues
- American Service-Members' Protection Act
- Command responsibility
- Law of war
- Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project (RULAC)
- Russell Tribunal
- Special Court for Sierra Leone
- The International Criminal Court and the 2003 invasion of Iraq
- War Crimes Law (Belgium)
- War Crimes Act of 1996 – incorporation of War Crimes into United States law
- Universal jurisdiction
[edit]
Miscellaneous
- Chronicles of Terror
- Civilian internee
- Commando order
- Commissar order
- Crimes against humanity
- Crime against peace
- Crime of aggression
- Doctors' Trial
- Forensic archaeology
- Human shield
- International Criminal Court investigations
- Katyn massacre
- List of denaturalized former citizens of the United States, including those denaturalized for concealing involvement in war crimes to obtain that country's citizenship
- Looting
- Mass Atrocity crimes
- Mass killing
- Military use of children
- Nazi human experimentation
- NKVD prisoner massacres
- No quarter
- Nuremberg Principles
- Perfidy
- Razakars (Pakistan)
- Satellite Sentinel Project
- Srebrenica massacre
- State terrorism
- Terror bombing
- Transitional justice
- Unlawful combatant
- Wartime sexual violence
- Winter Soldier Investigation
Unless indicated otherwise, the text in this article is either based on Wikipedia article "War crime" or another language Wikipedia page thereof used under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License; or on research by Jahsonic and friends. See Art and Popular Culture's copyright notice.
