A True Story

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True History or True Story is a travel tale by the Greek-speaking Syrian author Lucian of Samosata, the earliest known fiction about travelling to outer space, alien life-forms and interplanetary warfare. Written in the 2nd century, the novel has been referred as a work of proto-science fiction. The work was intended by Lucian as a satire against contemporary and ancient sources, which quote fantastic and mythical events as truth.

Plot

In True History, Lucian and a company of adventuring heroes sailing westward through the Pillars of Hercules (the Strait of Gibraltar) in order to explore lands and inhabitants beyond the Ocean, are blown off course by a strong wind, and after 79 days come to an island. This island is home to a river of wine filled with fish, and bears a marker indicating that Heracles and Dionysos have traveled to this point, along with normal footprints and giant footprints.

Shortly after leaving the island, they are lifted up by a giant waterspout and deposited on the Moon on the eighth day. There they find themselves embroiled in a full-scale war between the king of the Moon and the king of the Sun over colonisation of the Morning Star, involving armies which boast such exotica as stalk-and-mushroom men, acorn-dogs ("dog-faced men fighting on winged acorns"), and cloud-centaurs. Unusually, the Sun, Moon, stars and planets are portrayed as locales, each with its unique geographic details and inhabitants. The War is finally won by the Sun's armies clouding the moon over. Details of the moon follows, there are no women, and children grow inside the calf of men.

After returning to the Earth, the adventurers become trapped in a giant whale; inside the 200-mile-long animal, there live many groups of people whom they rout in war. They also reach a sea of milk, an island of cheese and the isle of the blessed. There, he meets the heroes of the Trojan War, other mythical men and animals, and even Homer. They find Herodotus being eternally punished for the "lies" he published in his Histories.

After leaving the Island of the Blessed, they deliver a letter to Calypso given to them by Odysseus explaining that he wishes he had stayed with her so he could have lived eternally. They then discover a chasm in the Ocean, but eventually sail around it, discover a far-off continent and decide to explore it. The book ends rather abruptly by Lucian saying that their adventure there will be the subject of following books.

Full text

LUCIAN'S TRUE HISTORY

Translated by Francis Hickes. Illustrated by William Strang, J.B. Clark and Aubrey Beardsley. With an Introduction by Charles Whibley

LONDON

PRIVATELY PRINTED

MDCCCXCIV

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

7i> face page AFTER THE TEMPEST (STRANG) . . . .15

ADORATION (CLARK) 17

"A SNARE OF VINTAGE" (BEARDSLKY) ... 23

SPIDERS OF MIGHTY BIGNESS (STRANG) . . 41

THE BATTLE OF THE TURNIPS (CLARK) . . 43

THE SUPPER OF FISH (STRANG) .... 89

UNDERPROPPING THE WHALE'S CHOPS (CLARK) 125

SOCRATES' GARDEN (CLARK) 179

THE BANQUET OF BEANS (STRANG) . . .181

THE PILLAR OF BERYLSTONE (CLARK) . . 193

OWLS AND POPPIES (STRANG) 205

DREAMS (BEARDSLEY) . ' 209

THE HALCYON'S NEST (STRANG) . . . .225

THE FLOATING FOREST (CLARK) . . . . 229

THE ISLAND WOMEN (STRANG) 241

WATER INCARNADINE (CLARK) .... 245

I NTRODUCTION.

IT is a commonplace of criticism that Lucian was the first of the moderns, but in truth he is near to our time because of all the ancients he is nearest to his own. With Petronius he shared the discovery that there is material for literature in the debased and various life of every day that to the seeing eye the indi- vidual is more wonderful in colour and com- plexity than the severely simple abstraction of the poets. He replaced the tradition, respected of his fathers, by an observation more vivid and less pedantic than the note-book of the naturalist. He set the world in the dry light of truth, and since the vanity of man-

viii INTRODUCTION.

kind is a constant factor throughout the ages, there is scarce a page of Lucian's writing that wears the faded air of antiquity. His person- ages are as familiar to-day as they were in the second century, because, with his pitiless deter- mination to unravel the tangled skein of human folly, he never blinded his vision to their true qualities. And the multiplicity of his interest is as fresh as his penetration. Nothing came amiss to his eager curiosity. For the first time in the history of literature (with the doubtful exception of Cicero) we encounter a writer whose ceaseless activity includes the world. While others had declared themselves poets, histo- rians, philosophers, Lucian comes forth as a man of letters. Had he lived to-day, he would have edited a newspaper, written leading articles, and kept his name ever before the public in the magazines. For he possessed the qualities, if he avoided the defects, of the journalist. His phrase had not been worn by

INTRODUCTION. ix

constant use to imbecility ; his sentences were not marred by the association of commonness ; his style was still his own and fit for the expression of a personal view. But he noted such types and incidents as make an imme- diate, if perennial, appeal, and to study him is to be convinced that literature and journalism are not necessarily divorced.

The profession was new, and with the joy of the innovator Lucian was never tired of invent- ing new genres. Romance, criticism, satire he mastered them all. In Toxaris and The Ass he proves with what delicacy and restraint he could handle the story. His ill-omened apprentice- ship to a sculptor gave him that taste and feeling for art which he turned to so admirable an account. He was, in fact, the first of the art-critics, and he pursued the craft with an easy unconsciousness of the heritage he be- queathed to the world. True, he is silent concerning the technical practice of the Greeks;

x INTRODUCTION.

true, he leaves us in profound ignorance of the art of Zeuxis, whose secrets he might have revealed, had he been less a man of letters. But he found in painting and sculpture an opportunity for elegance of phrase, and we would forgive a thousand shortcomings for such inspirations of beauty as the smile of Sosandra: ro ftstMafiu o-spvov xa,} fahtjdog. In literary criticism he was on surer ground, and here also he leaves the past behind. His knowledge of Greek poetry was profound ; Homer he had by heart ; and on every page he proves his sympathies by covert allusion or precise quota- tion. His treatise concerning the Writing of History* preserves its force irresistible after seventeen centuries, nor has the wisdom of the ages impeached or modified this lucid argument. With a modest wit he compares himself to Diogenes, who, when he saw his fellow-citizens busied with the preparations of war, gathered

Sa IffTopiav

INTRODUCTION. xi

his skirts about him and fell to rolling his tub up and down. So Lucian, unambitious of writing history, sheltered himself from " the waves and the smoke," and was content to provide others with the best of good counsel. Yet such is the irony of accident that, as Lucian's criticism has outlived the masterpieces of Zeuxis, so the historians have snatched an immortality from his censure ; and let it be remembered for his glory that he used Thucydides as a scourge wherewith to beat impostors. But matters of so high import did not always engross his humour, and in The Illiterate Book-buyer* he satirizes a fashion of the hour and of all time with a courage and brutality which tear the heart out of truth. How intimately does he realize his victim ! And how familiar is this same victim in his modern shape ! You know the very streets he haunts ; you know the very shops wherein

KOI TroAXa )3</3Am uvo6/uevov.

xii INTRODUCTION.

he is wont to acquire his foolish treasures ; you recognize that not by a single trait has Lucian dishonoured his model. In yet another strange instance Lucian anticipated the journalist of to-day. Though his disciples know it not, he invented the interview. In that famous visit to the Elysian Fields, which is a purple patch upon his masterpiece, The True History, he " went to talk with Homer the Poet, our leisure serving us both well," and he put precisely those questions which the modern hack, note-book in hand, would seek to resolve. First, remembering the seven cities, he would know of Homer what father- land claimed him, and when the poet " said indeed he was a Babylonian, and among his own countrymen not called Homer but Tigra- nes," Lucian straightly " questioned him about those verses in his books that are disallowed as not of his making ; " whereto Homer replied with a proper condemnation of Zenodotus and

INTRODUCTION. xiii

Aristarchus. And you wonder whether Lucian is chastising his contemporaries or looking with the eye of a prophet into the future.

But even more remarkable than his many- coloured interest is Lucian's understanding. He was, so to say, a perfect Intelligencelthrown by accident into an age of superstition and cre- dulity. It is not only that he knew all things : he saw all things in their right relation. If the Pagan world had never before been con- scious of itself, it had no excuse to harbour illusions after his coming. Mr. Pater speaks of the intellectual light he turned upon dim places, and truly no corner of life escaped the gleam of his lantern. Gods, philosophers, necromancers, yielded up their secrets to his enquiry. With pitiless logic he criticized their extravagance and pretension; and actively anticipating the spirit of modern science, he accepted no fact, he subscribed to no theory, which he had not examined with a cold irnpar-

xiv INTRODUCTION.

tiality. Indeed, he was Scepticism in human shape, but as the weapon of his destruction is always raillery, as he never takes either himself or his victims with exaggerated seriousness, you may delight in his attack, even though you care not which side wins the battle. His wit was as mordant as Heine's own ; is it fantastical to suggest that Lucian too carried Hebrew blood in his veins ? yet when the onslaught is most unsparing he is still joyous. For a gay contempt, not a bitter hatred, is the note of his satire. And for the very reason that his scepticism was felt, that it sprang from a close intimacy with the follies of his own time, so it is fresh and familiar to an age that knows not Zeus. Not even the Dialogues of the Gods are out of date, for if we no longer reverence Olympus, we still blink our eyes at the flash of ridicule. And might not the Philopseudes, that masterly analysis of ghostly terrors, might not

INTRODUCTION. xv

Alexander the False Prophet, have been written yesterday?

And thus we arrive at Lucian's weakness. In spite of its brilliance and flippancy, his scepticism is at times over-intelligent. His good sense baffles you by its infallibility ; his sanity is so magnificently beyond question, that you pray for an interlude of unreason. The sprightliness of his wit, the alertness of his fancy, mitigate the perpetual Tightness of his judgment. But it must be confessed that for all his delicate sense of ridicule he cherished a misguided admiration of the truth. If only he had understood the joy of self-deception, if only he had realized more often (as he realized in The Ass\ the delight of throwing probability to the winds, we had regarded him with a more constant affection. His capital defect sprang from a lack of the full-blooded humour which should at times have led him into error. And yet by an irony it was this very love of truth which suggested The True History, that enduring masterpiece of phantasy. Setting out to prove his hatred of other men's lies, he shows himself on the road the greatest liar of them all. "The father and founder of all this foolery was Homer's Ulysses " : thus he writes in his Preface, confessing that in a spirit of emulation he " turned his style to publish untruths," but with an honester mind, " for this one thing I confidently pronounce for a truth, that I lie." Such is the spirit of the work, nor is there the smallest doubt that Lucian, once embarked upon his voyage, slipped from his ideal, to enjoy the lying for its own sake. If The True History fails as a parody, that is because we care not a jot for Ctesias, lambulus and the rest, at whom the satire is levelled. Its fascination, in fact, is due to those same qualities which, in others, its author affected to despise. The facile variety of its

INTRODUCTION. xvii

invention can scarce be matched in literature, and the lies are told with so delightful an unconcern, that belief is never difficult. Nor does the narrative ever flag. It ends at the same high level of falsehood in which it has its beginning. And the credibility is increased by the harmonious consistency of each separate lie. At the outset the traveller discovers a river of wine, and forthwith travels up stream to find the source, and "when we were come to the head " (to quote Hickes's translation), " no spring at all appeared, but mighty vine-trees of infinite number, which from their roots distilled pure wine, which made the river run so abundantly." So con- clusive is the explanation, that you only would have wondered had the stream been of water. And how admirable is the added touch that he who ate fish from the river was made drunk ! Then by a pleasant gradation you are carried on from the Hippogypians, or the

b 2

xviii INTRODUCTION.

Riders of Vultures, every feather in whose wing is bigger and longer than the mast of a tall ship, from the fleas as big as twelve elephants, to those spiders of mighty bigness, every one of which exceeded in size an isle of the Cyclades. "These were appointed to spin a web in the air between the Moon and the Morning Star, which was done in an instant, and made a plain champaign, upon which the foot forces were planted." Truly a very Colossus of falsehood, but Lucian's ingenuity is inexhausted and inexhaustible, and the mighty Whale is his masterpiece of impu- dence. For he " contained in greatness fifteen hundred furlongs " ; his teeth were taller than beech-trees, and when he swallowed the travellers, he showed himself so far superior to Jonah's fish, that ship and all sailed down his throat, and happily he caught not the pigmy shallop between his chops. And the geographical divisions of the Whale's belly, and

INTRODUCTION. xix

Lucian's adventures therein, are they not set down with circumstantial verity ? Then there is the episode of the frozen ship, and the sea of milk, with its well-pressed cheese for an island, which reminds one of the Elizabethan madri- gal: "If there were O an Hellespont of Cream." Moreover, the verisimilitude is enhanced by a scrupulously simple style. No sooner is the preface concerning lying at an end than Lucian lapses into pure narrative. A wealth of minutely considered detail gives an air of reality to the most monstrous impossibility ; the smallest facts are explicitly divulged ; the remote accessories described with order and impressiveness ; so that the wildest inven- tion appears plausible, even inevitable, and you know that you are in company with the very genius of falsehood. Nor does this wild diver- sity of invention suggest romance. It is still classic in style and shape ; not a phrase nor a word is lost ; and expression, as always in the

xx INTRODUCTION.

classics, is reduced to its lowest terms. But when the travellers reach the Islands of the Blessed, the style takes on a colour and a beauty which it knew not before. A fragrant air breathed upon them, as of " roses, daffodils, gillyflowers, lilies, violets, myrtles, bays, and blossoms of vines." Happy also was the Isle

to look upon : tvQa. dq KOU xaOecagupev hipevcig re

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re ^tavyelq l%iovrot$ qgipa e$ rqv dctKctrrav' In

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KCX,} evwovg ffegiexe^vro r^v ")(upnv '. "a. still and gentle air compassing the whole country." Where will you find a more vivid impression of elegance and serenity? or where match "the melody of the branches, like the sound of wind instruments in a solitary place " xXuduv zivoupivuv regirvu, xou <rvve%ij piK ioixoroc, rois eir' egyptus etuXrjfAoiri ruv ir\a,yiuv

And when the splendour of the city breaks

INTRODUCTION. xxi

upon you, with its smaragdus, its cinnamon- tree, its amethyst, ivory, and beryl, the rich barbarity suggests Solomon's Temple, or the City of the Revelation. Its inhabitants are the occasion of infinite jesting, and again and again does Lucian satirize the philoso- phers, his dearest foes. Socrates was in danger of being thrust forth by Rhadamanthus, qv

while as for Diogenes the Sinopean, so pro- foundly was he changed from his old estate, that he had married Lais the Harlot. The journey to Hell is another excuse to gird at the historians. The severest torments were inflicted, says Lucian, upon Ctesias the Cni- dian, Herodotus and many others, which the writer beholding " was put in great hopes that I should never have anything to do there, for I do not know that ever I spake any untruth in my life." And yet with all his irony, all his scorn, Lucian has ever a side-glance at litera-

xxii INTRODUCTION.

ture. The verse of Homer is constantly upon his lips, and it is from Homer that the Gods take their ditties in the Elysian fields. Again, when the traveller visits the city of Nephelo- coccygia, it is but to think upon the poet Aristophanes, " how wise a man he was, and how true a reporter, and how little cause there is to question his fidelity for what he hath written."

Such is the work which, itself a masterpiece, has been a pattern and an exemplar unto others. If Utopia and its unnumbered rivals derive from Plato, there is not a single Imaginary Traveller that is not modelled upon Lucian. The True History was, in effect, the beginning of a new literature. Not only was its framework borrowed, not only was its habit of fantastic names piously imitated, but the disciples, like the master, turned their voyages to the purpose of satire. It was Rabelais who made the first adaptation,

INTRODUCTION. xxiii

for, while Epistemon's descent into Hell was certainly suggested by Lucian, Pantagruel's voyage is an ample travesty of The True His- tory, and Lanternland, the home of the Lych- nobii, is but Lychnopolis, Lucian's own City of Lights. The seventeenth century discovered another imitator in Cyrano de Bergerac, whose tepid Voyage dans la Lune is interesting merely because it is a link in the chain that unites Lucian with Swift. Yet the book had an immense popularity, and Cyrano's biographer has naught to say of the original traveller, save that he told his story "avec beaucoup moins de vraisemblance et de gentilesse d'imagination que M. de Bergerac." An astounding judgment surely, which time has already reversed. And then came Gulliver's Travels, incomparably the greatest descendant of The True History. To what excellent pur- pose Swift followed his Lucian is proved alike by the amazing probability of his narrative,

xxiv INTRODUCTION.

and the cruelty of his satire. Like Lucian, he professed an unveiled contempt for philoso- phers and mathematicians ; unlike Lucian, he made his imaginary journey the occasion for a fierce satire upon kings and politicians. But so masterly is the narrative, so convincing the reality of Lilliput and Brobdignag, that Gul- liver retains its hold upon our imagination, though the meaning of its satire is long since blunted. Swift's work came to astonish the world in ,1727, and some fourteen years later in the century Holberg astonished the wits of Denmark with a satire cast in Lucian's mould. Nicolai Klimii Iter Subterraneum thus ran the title, and from Latin the book was trans- lated into every known tongue. The city of walking trees, the home of the Potuans, and many another invention, prove Holberg's debt to the author of The True History. And if the genre is dead to-day, it is dead because the most intrepid humourist would hesitate

INTRODUCTION. xxv

to walk in the footsteps of Lemuel Gul- liver.

Fortunate in his imitators, Lucian has been not wholly unfortunate in his translators. Not even envy could pick a quarrel with Francis Hickes, whose Englishing of The True History is here reprinted. The book appeared, under the auspices of Hickes's son, in 1634, four years after the translator's death. Thus it is described on the title-page : " Certaine Select Dialogues of Lucian together with his True Historie, translated from the Greeke into English by Mr. Francis Hickes. Whereunto is added the Life of Lucian gathered out of his own Writings, with briefe Notes and Illus- trations upon each Dialogue and Booke, by T. H. Master of Arts, of Christ Church in Oxford. Oxford, Printed by William Turner. 1634." Composed with a certain dignity, it is dedicated " to the Right Worshipfull Dr. Duppa, Deane of Christ-Church, and Vice-

xxvi INTRODUCTION.

Chancellor of the famous Universitie in Ox- ford." And the work reflects a wholesome glory upon the famous University. For it is the work of a scholar, who knew both the lan- guages. Though his diction lacked the spirit and colour which distinguish the splendid versions of North and Holland, he was far more keenly conscious of his original than were those masters of prose. Not only did he, unlike North, translate directly from the Greek, but he followed his original with loyalty and patience. In brief, his Lucian is a miracle of suitability. The close simplicity of Hickes fits the classical restraint of The True History to admiration. As the Greek is a model of narrative, so you cannot read the English version without think- ing of the incomparable Hakluyt. Thirty years after the first printing of the translation, Jasper Mayne published his " Part of Lucian made English," wherein he added sundry versions of his own to the work already

INTRODUCTION. xxvii

accomplished by Francis Hickes. And in his " Epistle Dedicatory " he discusses the art of translation with an intelligence which proves how intimately he realized the excellent quality of Hicks's version. " For as the Painter," thus Jasper Mayne, " who would draw a man of a bald head, rumpled fore- head, copper nose, pigge eyes, and ugly face, draws him not to life, nor doth the business of his art, if he draw him less deformed or ugly than he is ; or as he who would draw a faire, amiable lady, limbes with an erring pencil, and drawes a libell, not a face, if he gives her not just features, and perfections : So in the Translation of Bookes, he who makes a dull author elegant and quick ; or a sharp, elegant author flat, rustick, rude and dull, by contrary wayes, commits the same sinne, and cannot be said to translate, but to transforme." That is sound sense, and judged by the high standard of Jasper Mayne,

xxviii INTRODUCTION.

Francis Hickes has most valliantly acquitted himself.

He was the son of Richard Hickes, an arras- weaver of Barcheston, in Warwickshire, and after taking the degree of bachelor in the University of Oxford, which he entered in 1579, at the age of thirteen, he was diverted (says Thomas, his son) " by a country retire- ment." Henceforth he devoted his life to husbandry and Greek. Besides Lucian, he translated Thucydides and Herodian, the manuscripts of which are said to survive in the library of Christ-Church. Possibly it was his long retirement that gave a turn of pedantry to his mind. It was but natural that in his remote garden he should exaggerate the importance of the knowledge acquired in patient solitude. But certain it is that the notes wherewith he decorated his margins are triumphs of inapposite erudition. When Lu- cian describes the famous cobwebs, each one

INTRODUCTION. xxix

of which was as big as an island of the Cyclades, Hickes thinks to throw light upon the text with this astonishing irrelevancy : "They are in the Aegean Sea, in number 13." The foible is harmless, nay pleasant, and consonant with the character of the learned recluse. Thus lived Francis Hickes, silent and unknown, until in 1630 he died at a kinsman's house at Sutton in Gloucester- shire. And you regret that his glory was merely posthumous. For, pedant as he was, he made known to his countrymen the enemy of all the pedants, and turned a masterpiece of Greek into English as sound and scholarly as is found in any translator of his time.

LUCIAN'S TRUE HISTORY.

AAH0OT2 I2TOPIA2

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LUCIAN:

HIS TRUE HISTORY.

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intermission, and esteem it as a main point of their practice ; so I think it necessary for scholars and such as addict themselves to the study of learning, after they have travelled long in the perusal of serious authors, to relax a little the intention of their thoughts, that they may be more apt and able to endure a continued course of study.

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TRUE HISTORY.

And this kind of repose will be the more conformable, and fit their purpose better, if it be employed in the reading of such works as shall not only yield a bare content by the *Ji?/

history.

pleasing and comely composure of them, but shall also give occasion of some learned specula- tion to the mind, which I suppose I have effected in these books of mine : wherein not only the novelty of the subject, nor the pleasing- ness of the project, may tickle the reader with delight, nor to hear so many notorious lies delivered persuasively and in the way of truth, but because everything here by me set down doth in a comical fashion glance at some or other of the old poets, historiographers, and philosophers, which in their writings have recorded many monstrous and intolerable untruths, whose names I would have quoted

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TRUE HISTORY. 7

down, but that I knew the reading would bewray them to you.

Ctesias, the son of Ctesiochus, the Cnidian,

30 books of the

wrote of the region of the Indians and the state of those countries, matters which he neither saw himself, nor ever heard come from the mouth of any man. lambulus also wrote many strange miracles of the great sea, which all men knew to be lies and fictions, yet so composed that they want not their delight : and many others have made choice of the like argument, of which some have published their own travels and peregrinations, wherein they have described the greatness of beasts, the fierce condition of men, with their strange and uncouth manner of life : but the first father and founder of all this foolery was

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TRUE HISTORY. 9

Homer's Ulysses, who tells a long tale to o<fya. 9, Alcinous of the servitude of the winds, and of wild men with one eye in their foreheads that fed upon raw flesh, of beasts with many heads and the transformation of his friends ram

capitis popu-

by enchanted potions, all which he made the putmnt?

JUVEN.

silly Phaeakes believe for great sooth.

This coming to my perusal, I could not con- demn ordinary men for lying, when I saw it in request amongst them that would be counted philosophical persons : yet could not but wonder at them, that, writing so manifest lies, they should not think to be taken with the manner ; and this made me also ambitious to leave some monument of myself behind me, that I might not be the only man exempted from this liberty of lying : and because I had

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TRUE HISTORY. u

no matter of verity to employ my pen in (for nothing hath befallen me worth the writing), I turned my style to publish untruths, ^but with an honester mind than others have done : for this one thing I confidently pronounce for a truth, that I lie : and this, I hope, may be an excuse for all the rest, when I confess what I am faulty in : for I write of matters which I neither saw nor suffered, nor heard H professes

himself a liar.

by report from others, which are in no being, nor possible ever to have a beginning. Let no man therefore in any case give any credit

tO them. Two moun-

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vOpooTTOi. TOVTOV ye p^e

triTta

6 TUV rjlKlWTCOV 7T pO(T'KOl f rj(Ta J lJj f YjV TV)V CLVVYjV

, eri &e

TOV CLpKjTOv [Ji,i<j6u>

TRUE HISTORY. 13

purpose, I thrust into the West Ocean. The occasion that moved me to take such a voyage in hand was only a curiosity of mind, a desire of novelties, and a longing to learn out the bounds of the ocean, and what people inhabit the farther shore : for which purpose I made plentiful provision of victuals and fresh water, got fifty companions of the same humour to associate me in my travels, furnished myself with store of munition, gave a round sum of money to an expert pilot that could direct us in our course, and new rigged and repaired a tall ship strongly to hold a tedious and difficult journey.

Thus sailed we forward a day and a night with a prosperous wind, and as long as we

14 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 6.

e. ^fjjepav {Ai> ovv Kai VVKT& ovplco en Ty$ yyt; inrofyaivopjevyq ov

ia(x)g ovyyofiea, ry ejriovcry

o re

TO KvfjjCL yvfavero KCLI Zp oweT ov$e crre7Xa/ i^v oOovyv fivvarov . T7npe\];avT<; ovv rco

evvea, KCLI /3$0[AyKOVTa,

KXafi\];avTO$ TjK/ov Kadopcofiev ov vvjcrov iityXyv Kai a<re7av, ov rpa^el vviv ro3 KVfAaTi* KOI jap yfiy TO

KaT7T67TaVTO.

ovv Kai antofiavTeq co^ av K {AaKpa$

TRUE HISTORY. 15

had any sight of land, made no great haste on our way ; but the next morrow about sun rising the wind blew high and the waves began to swell and a darkness fell upon us, so that we could not see to strike our sails, but gave our ship over to the wind and weather ; thus were we tossed in this tempest the space of threescore and nineteen days together. On the fourscorth day the sun upon a sudden brake out, and we descried not far off us an island full of mountains and woods, about the which the seas did not rage so boisterously, for the storm was now reasonably well calmed : there we thrust in and went on

It was re-

shore and cast ourselves upon the ground, and guisitethetem-

pesl should i i . i , i continue thus

so lay a long time, as utterly tired with our /*# and he

sail altogether

misery at sea: in the end we arose up and

be asked the

divided ourselves : thirty we left to guard our

16 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIAZ. A. 7.

crvv

em KaTao-KOTry roiv ev ry

7. HpoeXOovT$ 8e OGOV crrod}iov$ Tpei$ onto TTVjs S/' vfa]$ cpu*/Aev riva o-rr/

e/cre-

voiq, Xeyovcrav u&Xpi TOVTCDV

SS'

QVO

em Trerpa^ TO [Aev TrXeOpialov, TO Se eXaTTOv' e^oi So/ce7v, TO fiev TOV A/o-

VVVOV TO [JtjlKpOTepOV, 6&TpOV 6

' ovv TtoeiAev' OVTTO)

oivov peovTi o/AoiOTaTcp pjoJkivTa, oioawep o <TTIV. ciOovov Se rv TO

TRUE HISTORY. 17

ship : myself and twenty more went to discover the island, and had not gone above three furlongs from the sea through a wood, but we saw a brazen pillar erected, whereupon Greek letters were engraven, though now much worn and hard to be discerned, importing, "Thus far travelled Hercules and Bacchus." There were also near unto the place two portraitures cut out in a rock, the one of the quantity of an acre of ground, the other less, which made me imagine the lesser to be Bacchus and the other Hercules : and giving them due adoration, we proceeded on our journey, and far we had not gone but we came to a river, the stream whereof seemed to run with as rich wine as any is made in Chios, An island

J in the sEgizan

if ,i liU ' 1 U1 sea, famous for

and of a great breadth, in some places able to

1 8 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 7.

, (Jt)(TT

ovv AV iroXv

7Tl

i TO, cryjeta, T Aiovvcrov e

opa}(7

v Se fioi KCLL odev apteral o

v^ awyeiv Trapa TO pevfAa, KCLI

JV pjev ov${Aiav evpov avrov,

pa e- Tvjv pifyw eKao-Tyv ameppei cnayaiv oivov $iavyov$, deft u>v eylvero o

ev avraj

Kai VYJV %poav KOA

' <yovv aypevvav-

v " a/jueXei Kai ava-re^ovre^ airrovg evplv-

\ I ef /

/AO-TOV<;. v&Tepov

TRUE HISTORY 19

bear a ship, which made me to give the more credit to the inscription upon the pillar, when I saw such apparent signs of Bacchus's pere- grination. We then resolved to travel up the stream to find whence the river had his original, and when we were come to the head, no spring at all appeared, but mighty great vine-trees of infinite number, which from their roots distilled pure wine which made the river run so abundantly : the stream was also well stored with fish, of which we See our

author's mod-

took a few, in taste and colour much resem- #.> this

carries more probability by

bling wine, but as many as ate of them S ar > tha . n that f

J a spring of

t w * ne shotM

fell drunk upon it ; for when they were opened ***** of the and cut up, we found them to be full of lees : afterwards we mixed some fresh water fish

c 2

20 AAHOOY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 8.

atro

TOV v$aTO$, Trapapjiyvvvreq etcepavvvfAev TO

. Tore e TOV Trora/Aov $ia7rea(ravT$,

(ravT

ro [Jjev jap aTro TTJ<; 7%, o avrog evepvyq KCLI Tra^vq, TO &e

, 0<TOV K

e%ovcrai TeXe/a. TOKLVTVJV Trap

ypafyovviv apTi TOV 'ATro

onto 8e

aKTvXa)v aKpcuv eefyvovTO avratg o

KOA fJj(TTol Vj&OjV /3oTpV(Jt)V. KOA [hV}

i Taq K(j)aXa$ cKOfAWv eXi^l re

KOA

C, yjCTTta^ovTO re xai e$eiovvTO, al ^e

TRUE HISTORY. 21

with them, which allayed the strong taste of the wine. We then crossed the stream where we found it passable, and came among a world of vines of incredible number, which towards the earth had firm stocks and of a good growth ; but the tops of them were women, from the hip upwards, having all their propor- tion perfect and complete ; as painters picture out Daphne, who was turned into a tree when she was overtaken by Apollo; at their fingers' Haifavir-

J gin and halj a

ends sprung out branches full of grapes, and the hair of their heads was nothing else but winding wires and leaves, and clusters of grapes. When we were come to them, they saluted us and joined hands with us, and spake unto us some in the Lydian and some

22 AAHOOYZ IZTOPIAZ. A. 9.

, OA Se 'ivS/Aroyv, a/ 7rXe/"oT&/ 8e

EXXaa fywyv Trpoiefievai. KOA

T/Ka efAeOve KCLI

ov 7rape%ov rov Kapjrov,

avra7$

UTreXvovro, aXX* CK TCOV a/8o/a>v e&e

crvvefyuovro jap KOA crvveppi^ovvTO, KUI ^

avrolq ArXaSo/ eTtefyuKearav ol fiaKrvXoi KOA

TrepnrXexo/Aevoi ocrov

avrot

8e avrov$ em vavv

KOA ra re aXXa /ca/

TRUE HISTORY. 23

in the Indian language, but most of them in Greek : they also kissed us with their mouths, but he that was so kissed fell drunk, and was , Ma y m , en

nave thus lost them- elves, in

not his own man a good while after: they the yielding to

J the bewitching . Mir enticements of

could not abide to have any fruit pulled from * and wo- men.

them, but would roar and cry out pitifully if any man offered it. Some of them desired to have carnal mixture with us, and two of our company were so bold as to entertain their offer, and could never afterwards be loosed from them, but were knit fast together at their nether parts, from whence they grew together and took root together, and their fingers began to spring out with branches and crooked wires as if they were ready to bring out fruit : whereupon we forsook them and fled to our ships, and told the company at our coming what had betide unto us, how our

24 AAH90Y2 I2TOPIA2. A. 10.

rr/v

uftpV<TafAVOi re

KCLl K TOV TTOrafAOV olvKHLfJjCVOl K(Ll (LVTOV

6?n r*ij$ vfiovoq av ov

vycrov

VYJV vaZv KCLI /AeTecDplcras ocrov

7Tl

/V TO TreXayog, c?XX' a

avejuuog e/ATreo-CDV rolq i<rrloi$

10.

KVpTO)(ra$ rr/n

ev TO> aepi

XafAirpav xai (r^aipoeifiy KOA

TRUE HISTORY. 25

fellows were entangled, and of their copulation with the vines. Then we took certain of our vessels and filled them, some with water and some with wine out of the river, and lodged for that night near the shore.

On the morrow we put to sea again, the wind serving us weakly, but about noon, when we had lost sight of the island, upon a sudden a whirlwind caught us, which turned our ship round about, and lifted us up some three thousand furlongs into the air, and suffered us not to settle again into the sea, but we hung above ground, and were carried aloft with a mighty wind which filled our sails The island

of the Moon.

strongly. Thus for seven days' space and so many nights were we driven along in that manner, and on the eighth day we came in

26 AAH00Y2 IZTOPIAZ. A. n.

01-

\ i /

re /^a/ yewpyovfievyv. Tj^epaq

ovv ovfiev avroOev KaOecopcofAev, vvicrog vys etya/vovro yiuv KCLI aXXai wj<rot TrXycriov, a! p^ev (telfyvg, al

{UK pore pat, jrvpi TTJV %poav

KOA aXXy Se ng yvj KMTCD KOM TroXeig ev

avry KCU Trora/^ovg %ov<ra KCLI

KOA vXa$ KOA opy. ravryv ovv TVJV

11. oaV &6 VAV Kai Tl

avro7$ KaXov/Aevoig ancavryja-avTeq. 01 OVTOI elcriv avfipeg em yv7ra>v

TRUE HISTORY. 27

view of a great country in the air, like to a What

J blew them

. . . . , , r , . 1-1 thither.

shining island, of a round proportion, gloriously glittering with light, and approaching to it, we there arrived, and took land, and surveying the country, we found it to be both inhabited and husbanded : and as long as the day lasted we He closel v

J taxes thetr

1 . _ . opinion who

could see nothing" there, but when night was hold the sun,

Moon, and , 1 . . 1 - Stars to be

come many other islands appeared unto us, inhabited

countries.

some greater and some less, all of the colour of fire, and another kind of earth underneath, in which were cities and seas and rivers and woods and mountains, which we conjectured to be the earth by us inhabited : and going further into the land, we were met withal and taken by those kind of people which they call Hippogypians. These Hippogypians are men s f g nff e in d g

horse-vultures,

riding upon monstrous vultures, which they

28 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. n.

v o^ovp^evoi KOA KaOairep e lim:oiq opveoiq %pa){Avor [AeyaXoi jap 01

8' av TI$ TO /Aeyedos a,vj)v evrevOev' yap /AeyaXys (>opTi$o$ ICTTOV exacnov

TCOV Tnepcov f^OjKpoTepov Kai 7ra%vTepov (frepovcri. Tovroiq ovv Tolq 'lirTroyvTroig Trpocr- reraKrai 7repnreTO/Aevoi$ ryv yv/v, el T/ evpeOeiy &evo<;, dvayeiv a><; TOV fiacriXea* KOA ty KOA Tji^aq %vXXapovT<; avasyovviv co^ avrov. o Se Oeacra/juevo^ Kai diro

Kai

dpa, (f) r //, v^elq, co evoi ;

Se, rioi^ ovv dty/KecrOe, e^, roaovrov depa

Kai y/Ae7$ TO Ttdv avrto

' Kai o$ dpapjevo<; TO KaO* av-

TRUE HISTORY. 29

use instead of horses : for the vultures there

and so are the rest that follow,

are exceeding- great, every one with three a es fo ^

J and composed

for his tur-

heads apiece : you may imagine their greatness p. by this, for every feather in their wings was bigger and longer than the mast of a tall ship : their charge was to fly about the country, and all the strangers they found to bring them to the king : and their fortune was then to seize upon us, and by them we were presented to him. As soon as he saw us, he conjectured by our habit what countrymen we were, and said, Are not you, strangers, Grecians ? which when we affirmed, And how could you make way, said he, through so much air as to get hither ? Then we delivered the whole discourse of our fortunes to him ; whereupon he began to tell

30 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 12.

(OV '

KOA dcf)i-

eKelvvjv eXeye vqv ypAV K&TO)

XXa Qappelv re KCLI {AVjeva Kivtiwov vfyopci- crBat' Travra jap y/Aiv TrapecrecrOai

12. Hv e xai KaTOpOojo-d), efyy, rov Tro

fAOV, OV K())pa) VVV TTpO$ TOVq TOV 7/XlOV

, airavTCDv evfiai/AOvecrTaTa Trap*

ve$ re eiev ol TroXe/Aioi KCLI VYJV i< " O 8e

i o

ev TO) oX/o) KaroiKovvrcDv

TRUE HISTORY. 31

us likewise of his own adventures, how that

he also was a man, by name Endymion, and ft****- c.

rapt up long since from the earth as he was

asleep, and brought hither, where he was

made king of the country, and said it was

that region which to us below seemed to be

the moon ; but he bade us be of good cheer

King of the

and fear no danger, for we should want nothing we stood in need of : and if the war he was now in hand withal against the sun succeeded fortunately, we should live with him in the highest degree of happiness. Then we asked of him what enemies he had, and the cause of the quarrel: and he answered, Phaethon, the The son of

Phoebus and

king of the inhabitants of the sun (for that

ed leave to ride

is also peopled as well as the moon), hath made

32 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 12.

oiKe7rai jap fiy KaKeivot; (jj&Tre Kai

%povov. Tjp^aro &e e^ ah lag

TCOV V T7 &>Y T eAT 7TOT6

(rvvayayojv e/SovXydyv $ TOV e Ea)o-()oov crreJXai, ovra

V7TO JL7^VO KdTOtKOVAeVOV ' TOIVVV

Kara fiecrov TOV iropov WKavTyjO'aq TTI rcov

OlV. TOT JU,V OVV V I KVjO VT $

ov jap yfAev avT/TraXoi ry

vvv

TOV TroXefAOv Kai TTJV djroiKiav. v]v ovv e^eX^re, fjjOi TOV cnoXov, jvjrag Se TCOV /3a<nXiKa)v eva, exacTTa Kai ryv

TRUE HISTORY. 33

war against us a long time upon this occasion : * fa

chariot, though

I once assembled all the poor people and needy St, & kL

unskilful driv- , i i ' ine scorched a

persons within my dominions, purposing to great part of

both heaven

send a colony to inhabit the Morning Star,

fore struck

because the country was desert and had nobody ^^^ y

Jupiter. OVID.

dwelling in it. This Phaethon envying, crossed Met - me in my design, and sent his Hippomyrmicks to meet with us in the midway, by whom we were surprised at that time, being not prepared for an encounter, and were forced to retire : now therefore my purpose is once again to denounce war and publish a plantation of people there : if therefore you will participate with us in our expedition, I will furnish you every one with a prime vulture and all armour answerable for service, for to-morrow

34 AAH00Y2 IZTOPIAZ. A. 13.

avptov

v eyco, ytyvecrOa), eTreify croi

13. Tore pev ovv Trap avTOJ e

KCLI jap ol CTKOTTOI

vlov eivai TOV$ 7roXe/Aiov$. TO [Aev ovv

eye-

VOVTO avev TU>V crKevooaiv KCLI TO>V

KCLl TO)V TTe^COV K&l

TOVTCOV 6

ol 'iTnroyvTroi, fiicr/Avpioi e 01

opveov e /ca/ TOVTO

(7Ti

Xacriov, ra &e <f>vXXoi$

TRUE HISTORY. 35

we must set forwards. With all our hearts, said I, if it please you. Then were we feasted and abode with him, and in the morning . The , mor -

o mg there, out the evening

arose to set ourselves in order of battle, for here - our scouts had given us knowledge that the enemy was at hand. Our forces in number amounted to an hundred thousand, besides such as bare burthens and engineers, and the foot forces and the strange aids : of these, fourscore thousand were Hippogypians, and twenty thousand that rode upon Lachanopters, The number

J of their forces,

which is a mighty great fowl, and instead of feathers covered thick over with wort leaves ; but their wing feathers were much like the leaves of lettuces : after them were placed the Cenchrobolians and the Scorodomachians :

D 2

36 AAH00YZ I2TOPIA2. A. 13.

KOA ol ^,KOpo$o[Aa%oi. yXQov e avrco KCLI

onto '

Se '

TOVTCDV ft 01 fiV QvXXOTO^OTai 7Tl

, oQev KCLI

' 6 '

ocrov a)e/ca eeavres o

(Lev e/er/, fapovTai e ev ro5 aepi

avev Trreojv' o

)pi$

TC<

icrria fyepovcai co&Trep ra (TKacfyq. ra

S' ol TOIOVTOI ev Ta7$ {Aa%ai$

eia iv. eXeyovTO Se KOM air TOJV vjrep T*YJV

TRUE HISTORY. 37

there came also to aid us from the Bear Star thirty thousand Psyllotoxotans, and fifty thousand Anemodromians : these Psyllotoxo- tans ride upon great fleas, of which they have their denomination, for every flea among them is as big as a dozen elephants : the Anemo- dromians are footmen, yet flew in the air without feathers in this manner : every man had a large mantle reaching down to his foot, which the wind blowing against, filled it like a sail, and they were carried along as if they had been boats : the most part of these in fight were targeteers. It was said also that there were expected from the stars over Cappadocia threescore and ten thousand Struthobalanians and five thousand Hippo-

38 AAH60YZ I2TOPIAZ. A. 14, 15.

eTTTaKicr/Avpioi, iTTTTOjepavoi 8e

eyco OVK eOeavatATiv " oi

ya/ 5

avraJv eToX/Av/cra. Tpa,(TTia yap Trepi avTCov

14. Ary {Ai> y TOV yv. crKevy &e Trdvrcov yj avrq Kpawq

a7ro TOv Kva{A(t)v /Aeyaoi jap Trap ol Kv&fjjOi Kai Kaprepol' 6a)paKe$ 7ravT$ OepfAivoi " ra jap TCOV BepfACDv <Tvppa7novT$ TTOiouvrai 6a)paKa$' appy/KTOv 8' e/ce7 jljverai TOV 6ep/AOv TO Xeirog aj

ola ra

8e Kaipog yv, eraBavro ct)e*

is.

TO JbV QIOV Ka 0l> 01

TRUE HISTORY. 39

geranians, but I had no sight of them, for

they were not yet come, and therefore I

durst write nothing, though wonderful and

incredible reports were given out of them.

This was the number of Endymion's army;

the furniture was all alike ; their helmets of

bean hulls, which are great with them and

very strong; their breastplates all of lupins

cut into scales, for they take the shells of

lupins, and fastening them together, make

breastplates of them which are impenetrable

and as hard as any horn : their shields and The order

of Endymion 's

swords like to ours in Greece : and when the battle ' time of battle was come, they were ordered in this manner. The right wing was supplied by the Hippogypians, where the king himself was

40 AAH6OY2 IZTOPIAZ. A. 16.

o /3a<riXev$ Tovg aplffrovg Ttepi avrov ev TOVTOK; yfiev ' ro e

VO)VV{AOV 01 Aa%aV07TTpOl' TO &e (AeGOV 01

OVTU)$

xai p^ejaXoi ywovrat TroXv

KacrTO$ (AelZcov. TOVTOK;

TOV

TOV Eaxrfapov depa. cog e

KGM itebiw eiroivjcrav, em

TOVTOV TtapeTa^e TO Trefyv' opye/ro NvKTpia)v o Ev$iavaKTO<;

16. Tcov Se TroXejutsicov TO ei%ov ol 'iTntofAuppjVjKeq xai ev avTog o

TRUE HISTORY. 41

in person with the choicest soldiers in the army, among whom we also were ranged : the Lachanopters made the left wing, and the aids were placed in the main battle as every man's fortune fell : the foot, which in number were about six thousand myriads, were dis- posed of in this manner : there are many spiders in those parts of mighty bigness, every one in quantity exceeding one of the Islands Cyclades : these were appointed to

Sea. in number

spin a web in the air between the Moon and I3 - the Morning Star, which was done in an instant, and made a plain champaign upon which the foot forces were planted, \vho had for their leader Nycterion, the son of Eudianax, The order

J ' of Phaethon's

battle.

and two other associates.

But of the enemy's side the left wing con- sisted of the Hippomyrmicks, and among them

AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 16.

<bae6a)v' Ov/pla 8e eor/ ^e

Tolq Trap ypAv (wpp/rfei 7rpo(7eoiKOTa

TOV fieyeOovs ' o yap ^e

yv. ep,a%ovTO e ov [AQVOV ol

, aXXa KCM avTOi fAaXi&ra

Kepa-

OVTOI

TOV

ovreq

OVTOI

TOVTOV$ o

, 7C\7ji> yap KOA o

7ro%ov{Aevoi

\fsiXol re ovteq ye KCLI OVTOI' pafyavl^aq virep- ovft eir oXiyov

TIVO$ TO) Tpav/AaTi

TRUE HISTORY. 43

Phaethon himself: these are beasts of huge bigness and winged, carrying the resemblance of our emmets, but for their greatness : for those of the largest size were of the quantity of two acres, and not only the riders supplied the place of soldiers, but they also did much mischief with their horns : they were in number fifty thousand. In the right wing were ranged the Aeroconopes, of which there were also about fifty thousand, all archers riding upon great gnats : then followed the Aerocardakes, who were light armed and footmen, but good soldiers, casting out of slings afar off huge great turnips, and whosoever was hit with them lived not long after, but died with the stink that proceeded from their wounds : it is

44 AAH60Y2 IZTOPIAZ. A. 16.

TO,

e avrcov era^Oycrav 01

Se KavXo{AVKyT$, ori pen (AVKyTivaig e^pcovro, fiopacri e

ro7<;

01 TOV

Xioi xai OVTOI, av$pe<;

ovq re aTTo Tov TaXa&ov /jueT7re{A

7T6TO

tKetvoi

ox/)eXov" ol rai Se ov$e oXcog irapeyevovTO, faomp

TRUE HISTORY. 45

said they use to anoint their bullets with the poison of mallows. After them were placed the Caulomycetes, men-at-arms and good at hand strokes, in number about fifty thousand : they are called Caulomycetes because their shields were made of mush- rooms and their spears of the stalks of the herb asparagus : near unto them were placed the Cynobalanians, that were sent from the Dogstar to aid him : these were men with dogs' faces, riding upon winged acorns : but the slingers that should have come out of Via Lactea, and the Nephelocentaurs came too short of these aids, for the battle was done before their arrival, so that they did them no good : and indeed the slingers came not at

4 6 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 17.

avtoq vvrepov opjiaevra TOV

%a>pav. Toiavry pev Kai o

Se eTreifiy TO, KCLI a/Ko'avTO eKareCDv ol ovoi

rovroig jap ami craXTriyKTcov

KOI TO

vri

linroyuTrovs, KOLI

TOV 7Tl TO)

6ov 01 '

OOVVTCDV efyvyov eyKXlvavreq, KCLI

67T61 yvOoVTO TOVC, 7Tl TCO

TRUE HISTORY. 47

all, wherefore they say Phaethon in displeasure over-ran their country. These were the forces that Phaethon brought into the field : and when they were joined in battle, after the signal was given, and when the asses on either side had brayed (for these are to them instead of trumpets), the fight began, and the left wing of the Heliotans, or Sun soldiers, fled presently and would not abide to receive the charge of the Hippogypians, but turned their backs immediately, and many were put to the sword : but the right wing of theirs were too hard for our left wing, and drove them back till they came to our footmen, who joining with them, made the enemies there also turn their backs and fly, especially when they found their own left wing to be over-

48 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. A. 18.

TroXXoi {Lev

&e Kai avypovvTQ, KCM TO iroXv /LEV em TOJV vetyajv, cocrre

KCM epvOpa $vo{ivov TOV yXl Se KCLI elq TVJV yyv KO*T carafe v,

OX7T6 y666 eiKO,%iV, (AT/ a pa TOtOVTOV

i TtaXai ava) yevo/Aevov ' Xafiev a'l/Aan vaai rov A/a CTTI TCO TOV vo Oavarc.

is.

81/0 rpoiraia ecrTycra/Aev, TO {Lev eiri

, TO

<K; em T&V vefy&v. apTi Se TOV-

' VTTO TOJV

TRUE HISTORY. 49

thrown. Thus were they wholly discomfited on all hands ; many were taken prisoners, and many slain ; much blood was spilt ; some fell upon the clouds, which made them look of a red colour, as sometimes they appear to us about sun-setting ; some dropped down upon the earth, which made me suppose it was upon some such occasion that Homer thought Jupiter rained blood for the death of ILIAD,. his son Sarpedon. Returning from the pur- suit, we erected two trophies : one for the fight on foot, which we placed upon the spiders' web : the other for the fight in the air, which we set up upon the clouds. As soon as this was done, news came to us by our scouts that the Nephelocentaurs were coming on, which indeed should have come

5 o

AAH0OYZ IZTOPIAZ. A. 18.

OeafAa,

/TTTTCOV

ovov

TOJV 6 'iTTTTUJV QGQV V0)$

(LVTOJV

OVK

{Ay TO) KOA amia-rov

TOCTOVTOV

e avrcov o e/c

TOV

7re/A7rov

7Tl

em av6i$

TOV

eTrnriTTTOvo'i

Tp7rov<Tiv,

TRUE HISTORY. 51

to Phaethon before the fight. And when they drew so near unto us that we could take full view of them, it was a strange sight to behold such monsters, composed of flying horses and men : that part which resembled mankind, which was from the waist upwards, did equal in greatness the Rhodian Colossus, and that which was like a horse was as big as a great ship of burden : and of such multitude that I was fearful to set down their number lest it might be taken for a lie : and for their leader they had the Sagittarius out of the c hiron fa

J Centaur, ivho

was translated

Zodiac. When they heard that their friends into heav ^.

and made one i i T-.I of the \2 signs

were foiled, they sent a messenger to Phaethon of the zodiac. to renew the fight : whereupon they set them- selves in array, and fell upon the Selenitans or the Moon soldiers that were troubled, and

5 2

AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 19.

KOA

TOJV

opveaiv Kai ra

avrov

KCLI

ajrav TO VTTO TCOV pa^vcv

era/pew %&yp f iy<7av.

KCLI aXXa

rtov

/Waro.

e irapyv KOA o

Tpoiraia VTT e/ce/- ovv aTryyo/ieda, e$

TOV

TCO

19. O/ 6 TTO\lOpKlV [LV OVK e

TOV depo$ a7reTi%ifyv, coo-re [Ay/ten diro rov HX/ov TO Se

TOV

TRUE HISTORY. 53

disordered in following the chase, and scattered in gathering the spoils, and put them all to flight, and pursued the king into his city, and killed the greatest part of his birds, overturned the trophies he had set up, and overcame the whole country that was spun by the spiders. Myself and two of my companions were taken alive. When Phaethon himself was come they set up other trophies in token of victory, and on the morrow we were carried prisoners into the Sun, our arms bound behind us with a piece of the cobweb : yet would they by no means lay any siege to the city, but returned and built up a wall in the midst of the air to keep the light of the Sun from falling upon the Moon, and they made it a double wall, The

of the Moons

wholly compact of clouds, so that a manifest *"'

54 AAH6OYZ IZTOPIAZ. A. 20.

eyeyovei Ka VVKTI lyveKe Tracra KaTe%TO Trie^ofAevo*; e TOVTOI$ o iKTV KaOaipe7v TO oiKofto

Trepiopav ev CT/COTOD e Kai fyopovq

xai

KOI ofw/povg 7ri rovroig ^ovvai y

TOVTOH;

20. ,,Kara

opyy$, TV) varepaia Se Kai eyevero y eipyvy e?r/

ol (rv/A{Aa%oi 7rpo<;

TOV$ o-vfipa^ovq, eiri TOJ KaraXi/crai

TO $iaTetio-Aa Kal

TRUE HISTORY. 55

eclipse of the Moon ensued, and all things detained in perpetual night : wherewith Endymion was so much oppressed that he sent ambassadors to entreat the demolishing of the building, and beseech him that he would not damn them to live in darkness, promising to pay him tribute, to be his friend and associate, and never after to stir against him. Phaethon's council twice assembled to consider upon this offer, and in their first meeting would remit nothing of their conceived displeasure, but on the morrow they altered their minds to these terms. "The Heliotans and their colleagues have made a peace with the Selenitans and their associates upon these conditions, that the Heliotans shall cast down the wall, and deliver the prisoners that they

56 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 20.

<; TVJV ^eXyvyv e<7/3aXXe/v, a?ro- fiovvai fie Kat rov$ al%[AaXa)TOvg pr/rov

oirXa

TK; eTriy ' fyopov fie v7TOTeXe7v eKacrrov TOV$ TOV /3ao-iXea TOW SeX^v/rcov TOJ /3ao*/Xe7 TCOV 'HX/coTow tipovov d ^fyo peat;

xai Qp/ypovq fie cr(f)(L>v

fiovvai fwp/ovg, tyv fie asnoiKiav

TOV 'EaMTcfiopov KOiwYjv 7ro/e7cr^a/ KOA /Aere-

rdiv aXXcov TOV

ev [Aecra) roi aepi eir] fie

TRUE HISTORY. 57

have taken upon a ratable ransom : and that

the Selenitans should leave the other stars

at liberty, and raise no war against the

Heliotans, but aid and assist one another if

either of them should be invaded : that the

king of the Selenitans should yearly pay to

the king of the Heliotans in way of tribute ten

thousand vessels of dew, and deliver ten

thousand of their people to be pledges for

their fidelity : that the colony to be sent to

the Morning Star should be jointly supplied

by them both, and liberty given to any else

that would to be sharers in it : that these

articles of peace should be engraven in a

pillar of amber, to be erected in the midst

of the air upon the confines of their country :

for the performance whereof were sworn of These names

of the inhabi-

58 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 21.

KOA

/vio^ KOA

21. To/aur^ />cev ^ elpv/vy eyevero TO

asTrefiocrav. eiret Se aiKOAeGa

(ATa fiaKpVCOV 01 T6 Ta7pOl

o Ej>5ty<6/a>v avroq. Kai o pev

re Trap avTCp Kai K0ivcove7v

TOV eavrov 7ra7$a' ^WOAK^.^ jap OVK elvi

Kara) e

ariaaa<;

TRUE HISTORY. 59

the Heliotans, Pyronides and Therites and '* f f f'

J OM are taken

from things

Phlogius : and of the Selenitans, Nyctor and waging to

J the day; those

. of the Moon

Menius and Polylampes. Thus was the peace from things

appertaining to

concluded, the wall immediately demolished, and we that were prisoners delivered. Being returned into the Moon, they came forth to meet us, Endymion himself and all his friends, who embraced us with tears, and desired us to make our abode with him, and to be partners in the colony, promising to give me his own son in marriage (for there are no women amongst them), which I by no means would yield unto, but desired of all loves to be dismissed again into the sea, and he finding it impossible to persuade us to his purpose, after seven days' feasting, gave us leave to depart.

6o AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 22.

22. *"A e ev TOJ uueraZv $iaTl3a>v ev

fl KaTevovjcra Kaiva KUI TUVTO, j3ovXo{Aai 6/Ve7v. TrpuJTa fiev TO K yvvaixcov yevvoicrOai avrovg, aXX' onto

roJv appevajv * ja^oiq yap TOiq appeal

~ \ ?<\\ V \ tt.

Icracri. t tev ovv Ttevre KOA

ercov ae7rai e/cacrro^, diro e TOVTCDV

KVOVCTI e OVK ev

ev TOjl acrTOKvAiai " eTre/Sav yap

py TO epfipvov, 7ra%vveTai ^ KvyfLT],

%povct) v&Tepov &vatjTe[jijOVTe$ e^ayovcri a, K6ei>Te<; e avTa irpoq TOV

KCLl

OTI Trap eKevoig &VT

TRUE HISTORY. 61

Now, what strange novelties worthy of

o J novelties he

observed in

note I observed during the time of my abode thoseparts. there, I will relate unto you. The first is, that they are not begotten of women, but of man- kind : for they have no other marriage but of males : the name of women is utterly unknown among them : until they accomp- lish the age of five and twenty years, they are given in marriage to others : from that time forwards they take others in marriage to themselves : for as soon as the infant is conceived the leg begins to swell, and after- wards when the time of birth is come, they give it a lance and take it out dead : then they lay it abroad with open mouth towards the why that

part which we

wind, and so it takes life : and I think thereof 'Is^iMby'the

Grecians the

the Grecians call it the belly of the leg, because u" y of the

62 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIAZ. A. 23.

TOVTOV

yevoq eoT/ Trap avTo$ ol K&\ovp,evoi Aevfipirai, ylveTai 6 TOV TpoTtov TOVTOV' op%iv avGpamov rov

ev (frvTevovcriv, CK

K&pTtoq ecrn

TO j^eeOo. 67re/&av ovv

, 01

v\wa, Kat S/a TOVTCDV o%evovcri KOA

yaj&Tai$ Tolq eavTCOv. 23. 'E7re/Sav Se yvjpacr'fl o av6pa)7ro$, OVK

TRUE HISTORY. 63

therein they bear their children instead of a belly. I will tell you now of a thing more strange than this. There are a kind of men among them called Dendritans, which are begotten in this manner : they cut out the right stone out of a man's cod, and set it in their ground, from which springeth up a great tree of flesh, with branches and leaves, bearing a kind of fruit much like to an acorn, but of a cubit in length, which they gather when they are ripe, and cut men out of them : their privy members are to be set on and taken off as they have occasion : rich men have them made of ivory, poor men of wood, wherewith they perform the act of generation and accompany their spouses.

When a man is come to his full age he dieth

64 AAH60Y2 I2TOPIAZ. A. 23.

dyp ylverai. tpofyy] Se

eTreifiav jap irvp dva/<avo-a)0'i, fiar-

elcriv ev TO>

xrTrep

XUTTTOVO-I rov

. (T/TCO (JjV $V) T p-

ecmv

o0A//3c / &oev0 e^ KvXiKa vypov avieiq ^povov. ov [AVJV amvpovcrt ye KCU

' aXX ov$e TVJV crvvovcrlav ol ev Talq f e$pai$ Trape^ovviv, aAX' ev

tyvvviv vjrep TVJV jacn pOKvypjl&v ' Kel

yap e(7i TerpvjfAevoi. Kao Se

Tra

p avTolq yv TTOV n$ $>aXaKpo$ xai

TRUE HISTORY. 65

not, but is dissolved like smoke and is turned

into air. One kind of food is common to them Their food.

all, for they kindle a fire and broil frogs upon the

coals, which are with them in infinite numbers

flying in the air, and whilst they are broiling,

they sit round about them as it were about a

table, and lap up the smoke that riseth from

them, and feast themselves therewith, and

this is all their feeding. For their drink they Their drink.

have air beaten in a mortar, which yieldeth

a kind of moisture much like unto dew. They

have no avoidance of excrements, either of

urine or dung, neither have they any issue

/ for that purpose like unto us. Their boys

admit copulation, not like unto ours, but in their hams, a little above the calf of the leg, for there they are open. They hold

66 AAH0OY2 IZTOPIAZ. A. 24.

v fc v

^, TOV$ be

7Tl 8e TtOV

jap Tive$, 01 KCLI ire pi eKelvwv

KCfji (A f r]v KM jeveiotj (f)vov(ri [AiKpov iirep ra

it ay-re q elvi

viiep 8e ra$ irvjaq exacTTa) avTCu eK7re(f)VK paKpa (ZcTTrep ovpa, OaXXovcra e

dei Kai VTTTIOV avaTrhrrovro^ ov

24. ' ATTOfAVTTOVTai 6

y TTOVUHTIV y yvpjvatlpvTai, ya-

irav TO crtofAa iftpovaiv, ajcrre

rvpov$ dii avTov TtyyvvcrOai, oXiyov TOV [AeXtTO<; 7no"ra%avTe$ * eXaiov Se TTOIOVVTCU

TRUE HISTORY. 67

it a great ornament to be bald, for hairy Because that

J Comets seem to be hairy,

persons are abhorred with them, and yet and have their

name from

among the stars that are comets it is thought commendable, as some that have travelled those coasts reported unto us. Such beards as they have are growing a little above their knees. They have no nails on their feet, for their whole foot is all but one toe. Every one of them at the point of his rump hath a long colewort growing out instead of a tail, always green and flourishing, which though a man fall upon his back, cannot be broken. The dropping of their noses is more sweet than honey. When they labour or exercise them- selves, they anoint their body with milk, whereinto if a little of that honey chance to drop, it will be turned into cheese. They

F 2

68 AAH6OYZ I2TOPIA2. A.

\ ~

airo T(*)v KpofA/AvcDV Travv Xmapov re Kat

v$pofyopov<;' cu yap pouyeq e\<Jiv wcrTre aXa^a, KCLI

K/va$, Tore Ttpoq y][jjoi$ Kara-

TCOV /3o-

v. ry [AevTOi ye ya&rpi ova

TiOevreg ev avTy ocrwv yap avroig avry Kat TraXiv

' V

TJ TOVTO /AOVOV, OTI ^avela Kai \avioq eo"riv 9 cocrre Kai

veoyva, eirei^av piyuxriv, e$ ravT/iv VTTO-

6 Tolq (Av TrXovo-lots vaXt

25.

TRUE HISTORY. 69

make very fat oil of their beans, and of as

delicate a savour as any sweet ointment. They

have many vines in those parts, which yield

them but water : for the grapes that hang upon

the clusters are like our hailstones : and I verily

think that when the vines there are shaken

with a strong wind, there falls a storm of hail h j/ ie cause of

amongst us by the breaking down of those

kind of berries. Their bellies stand them

instead of satchels to put in their necessaries,

which they may open and shut at their

pleasure, for they have neither liver nor any

kind of entrails, only they are rough and hairy

within, so that when their young children are

cold, they may be enclosed therein to keep

them warm. The rich men have garments

70 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 25.

jap Ta eKel %u>pia Kai epya-

TOV (L\KOV V^dTl V7TO3aVT 60(7-

ra epia. Trepi (AevTOi TOJV diovq e%ov(7iv, OATVCO ^ev e/7re7v,

TO amo-rov TOV Xoyov.

TOVTO

^ KCLI o /3ovXo/Avo$ e^e-

rovg avTOv TvtyXwTTei ecrr av

ifieiv' oiiTO) 8' v6e/Ai>o$ opa,' KCLI

TOV$ a^)Tpovq aTio\(TCLVTe^ Trap

opajcriv. elvi 8' 0*1 KOA 7roXXov<; e%ov<iiv, ol TrXovcrioi. TO, com &e tyvXXa evTtv avTol$ TrXyv ye

TO!<; djro reoV /SaXaz^cov* eKelvoi jap

TRUE HISTORY. 71

of glass, very soft and delicate : the poorer sort of brass woven, whereof they have great plenty, which they enseam with water to make it fit for the workman, as we do our wool. If I should write what manner of eyes they have, I doubt I should be taken for a liar in publish- ing a matter so incredible : yet I cannot choose but tell it : for they have eyes to take in and The like is

feigned by the 1-i-t 11 . Poets of the

out as please themselves : and when a man is Gorg, three

sisters that had

so disposed, he may take them out and lay fe/aJT/^

which they

them by till he have occasion to use them, and wf en ^ *tS

went abroad.

then put them in and see again : many when they have lost their own eyes, borrow of others, for the rich have many lying by them. Their ears are all made of the leaves of plane-trees, excepting those that come of acorns, for they only have them made of wood.

72 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. A. 26, 27.

26. Ka/ ^v Ara/ aXXo 6avj&a, ev /80K7/Xe/o/ edeacra/Ayv' KMTOTTTpov Kefrai vjrep (f)peaTO$ ov TT&VV ev ovv eq TO (f)peap Kara/3^ TI$, dtcovei

TCOV Trap y/iiv ev TTJ , eav Se eq TO KCLTOirTpov a fiev 7roAe/, Travra Se eOvvj opci

TOT KOA

eya) eOeao-a/Ayv K&I Trao-av TTJV el Se KMKeivoi efie ewpcov, OVK %CD TO

OCTTI<; e TavTa (Ay TTICT-

TVl OVTOJg %IV, (LV 7TOT6 K(Ll

e/ce/Ve

27. Tore 8 QVV acrTracra/Aevoi TQV

TRUE HISTORY. 73

I saw also another strange thing in the same court : a mighty great glass lying upon the top of a pit of no great depth, whereinto, if any man descend, he shall hear everything that is spoken upon the earth : if he but look into the glass, he shall see all cities and all nations as well as if he were among them. There had I the sight of all my friends and the whole country about : whether they saw me or not I cannot tell : but if they believe it not to be so, let them take the pains to go thither them- selves and they shall find my words true. Then we took our leaves of the king and such as were near him, and took shipping and departed : at which time Endymion bestowed upon me two mantles made of their glass, and

74 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. A. 28.

[JjV TOJV VCLkiv&V %lTO)Va)V, TTEVTe 6

, KCLI TravoTrXiav QeAlvtV, a Trdvra ev

TCO KT/Tei KareXiTTOV.

28. Ev &e TO) TrapaTrXcp TroXXag [Aev KOI

TOV V}\IQV ev %ptp

ov jap asnefi'YjfAev Kalroi TroXXa raiv era/-

o avjjO< OVK

. eOeai/AeOa fAevroi VYJV %a)pav ev

T KOA TTIOVO, KCLi VV$pOV KOLl

Se T^oi

TRUE HISTORY. 75

five of brass, with a complete armour of those shells of lupins, all which I left behind me in the whale : and sent with us a thousand of his Hippogypians to conduct us five hundred furlongs on our way. In our course we coasted many other countries, and lastly arrived at the Morning Star now newly inhabited, where we landed and took in fresh water : from thence we entered the Zodiac, passing by the Sun, and, leaving it on our right hand, took our course near unto the shore, but landed not in the country, though our company did much desire it, for the wind would not give us leave : but We saw it was a flourishing region, fat and well watered, abounding with all delights : but the Nephelo- centaurs espying us, who were mercenary

76 AAHOOYZ IZTOPIAZ. A. 29.

] TOJ>

Qovri, 7r7TT7]o-ai> em vtjv vowv

e KCLI ol iTTTToyviroi aTT

29.

irepi ecnrepOjV

jv Av%vo7ToXiv KaXov/Aevy/v, rfiv] TOV Kara)

$1(JDKOVT$. 7] 6 TToX/^ aVTTj KCITOU

v rov ITXe/aScov KOA TOV 'Ta

TtoXv TOV

KOV. a7roavT e vcoTTOv ^ev ov

fieva

KCLI ev TV} wyopci Kai Trepi TOV

elitelv TrevyTas, oXiyov$ Se TCOV

v xai

TRUE HISTORY. 77

soldiers to Phaethon, made to our ship as fast as they could, and finding us to be friends, said no more unto us, for our Hyppogypians were departed before. Then we made for- wards all the next night and day, and about evening-tide following we came to a city called Lychnopolis, still holding on our course down- e cif y f wards. This city is seated in the air between the Pleiades and the Hyades, somewhat lower than the Zodiac, and arriving there, not a man was to be seen, but lights in great numbers running to and fro, which were employed, some in the market place, and some about the haven, of which many were little, and as a man may say, but poor things ; some again were great and mighty, exceeding glorious and resplen-

78 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 29.

01 OjvOpunroi) KCLI (f)a)vvjv 7rpo'ie[Aeva)v

yjKOvo/Aev, KCM ovftev vj/Aois yftiKOvv, a KOA em %ev!a exaXovv ' ypjelq Se

ovre &6/7rvo-a/ olre

ev pecry T/J TroXe/ TreTro/^ra/, ev()a o avT(jji> 5/a WKtoq

amoQavelv co^ A/TTOOV ^/v" o &e 6avaro<; evn crfiecrOyvai.

TO, TCOV Xi^vcov airoXoyov-

KCLl

3a$vvw. evda,

TOV

TRUE HISTORY. 79

dent, and there were places of receipt for them all ; every one had his name as well as men ; and we did hear them speak. These did us no harm, but invited us to feast with them, yet we were so fearful, that we durst neither eat nor sleep as long as we were there. Their court of justice standeth in the midst of the city, where the governor sitteth all the night long calling every one by name, and he that answereth not is adjudged to die, as if he had forsaken his ranks. Their death is to be quenched. We also standing amongst them A very pro-

per death.

saw what was done, and heard what answers the lights made for themselves, and the reasons they alleged for tarrying so long : there we also knew our own light, and spake unto it,

8o AAHGOY2 12TOPIA2. A. 29.

KOA TtpocreiTrwv avrov irepi

OIKOV e^vudojvo^v OTTOX; %oiev' o

OVV

exelvyv

xai

i ov

ov jap eta TO

Xeveiv [Aevroi avrajv eXejero Kopojvo$ o KoTTV<f)i(t)vo$. KCM eyco e/JtV^aB^v Ap

TOV VOIT/TOI), (LV^pOq (TO(f)OV KGM a

e aTTo ravTys y/tepa

ye roiv ev ro5 aepi KOI

TRUE HISTORY. 81

and questioned it of our affairs at home, and how all did there, which related everything unto us. That night we made our abode there, and on the next morrow returned to our ship, and sailing near unto the clouds had a sight

which could

of the city Nephelococcygia, which we beheld %* as al1 done

amongst them.

with great wonder, but entered not into it, for the wind was against us. The king thereof was Coronus, the son of Cottyphion : and I could not choose but think upon the poet Aristophanes, how wise a man he was, and / his

comedy called

how true a reporter, and how little cause there which ""he

wrote against

is to question his fidelity for what he hath Socrates - written.

The third after, the ocean appeared plainly unto us, though we could see no land but what was in the air, and those countries also

82 AAH00Y2 IZTOPIAZ. A.

7Tp

fiplav fAaXaKOJ$ ev8/8ovro roS KOA (TWifywoirro$ eiri ryv OaXaTTav

so. e TOV

Kai

K TOJV Traovrcov TTOIOV-

vTes V7i%o{Ae6a' Kai jap

ovcra KOA ev&radovv TO

iroXXaKu; y Trog TO

jap ev evfila TrXevcravTes

a<pvco opaj/juev Oypla Kai KiqTV] TroXXa Kai aXXa, ev e ae

TRUE HISTORY. 83

seemed to be fiery and of a glittering colour. The fourth day about noon, the wind gently forbearing, settled us fair and leisurely into the sea ; and as soon as we found ourselves upon water, we were surprised with incredible glad- ness, and our joy was unexpressible : we feasted and made merry with such provision as we had ; we cast ourselves into the sea, and swam up and down for our disport, for it was a calm. But oftentimes it falleth out that the change to the better is the beginning of greater evils : for when we had made only two days' sail in the water, as soon as the third day appeared, about sun-rising, upon a sudden we saw many monstrous fishes and whales : but one above the rest, containing in A fish of

an indifferent

greatness fifteen hundred furlongs, which came she -

G 2

84 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 31.

cov %i7Jtx)v KCLI TrevTaxoo-lcDv TO /Ae e Ke^yvos KCLI irpo TroXXov TCLpCLTTOV fypc

pco re

KCLI TOV Q^OVTOj eKOAVOV TTOXV TO)V

uicnrep GKoXoTrag KCLI \evi<ovq (cnrep faurrfoovg. Tjfj^eiq {Aev ovv TO VCTTUTOV

O 6

e/AVO(AV TO 6 7j TTCLpyjV KOA

crav ^a^ avTy vyi KOLTeiriev. ov

crvvapa^ai TO!<; o^ovviv, oiXXa TCOV dpaia)/AaTO)v TJ vavq eg TO ecra)

iT-,\^\/^ ^ \ \

si. hiTre/ 6e evbov yjuuev, TO pev

KCLI OV$V (*)pUJ{Aei>, V(TTpQV 6

KCLI

TRUE HISTORY. 85

gaping upon us and troubled the sea round about him, so that he was compassed on every side with froth and foam, showing his teeth afar off, which were longer than any beech trees are with us, all as sharp as needles, and as white as ivory: then we took, as we thought, our last leaves one of another, and embracing together, expected our ending day. The monster was presently with us, and swallowed us up ship and all ; but by chance he caught us not between his chops, for the ship slipped through the void passages down into his entrails. When we were thus got within him we continued a good while in darkness, and could see nothing till he began to gape, and then we perceived it to be a monstrous whale of a

86 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 32.

TtdvTy/ 7rXa,Tv KCLI in^Xov, IKCLVOV

7roXe/ evoiKelv. eKeivro Se ev

l i%0ve$ KCLI aXXa TroXXa, Gyp/a

(TVyKKO/A{AVa KCLI 7rAo/W JoT/O- /Ctt/ OJ^KVfXLl

KOA av6panra)v ocrTea KCLI

/ Xcc/)o/ ycrav, ep^oi

KCLI

TTCLVTCL

crratiioi ^ICLKOVIOI KCLI 8e /Se7v KCLI opvecL ra

KCLI CL\KVOVCL<;, 7Tl

. Tore /,ev ofv 67r/ TroXt;

VCLVV vir<mi]piafti> 9 avroi

TRUE HISTORY. 87

huge breadth and height, big enough to contain a city that would hold ten thousand men : and within we found small fishes and many other creatures chopped in pieces, and the masts of ships and anchors and bones of men and luggage. In the midst of him was earth and hills, which were raised, as I conjectured, by the settling of the mud which came down his throat, for woods grew upon them and trees of all sorts and all manner of herbs, and it A country

within the

looked as if it had been husbanded. The compass of the land was two hundred and forty furlongs : there were also to be seen all kind of sea fowl, as gulls, halcyons, and others that had made their nests upon the trees. Then we fell to weeping abundantly, but at the last I roused up my company, and

88 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIAZ. A. 32.

xai

vov K TO>I>

K&I TravTofiaTra Kpea TWV

Tl TO K TOV

, el TTOTC ava-

%ai,voi TO KVJTO<;, ewpcofiev aXXore fiev aXXore 8e o^oy, aXXore e povov TO ovpdwv, 7ro\\OjKiq e KCLI vydovq' KCLI yap

ottvrov

7% OaJwrryg. ejrei e v eyevo/AeOa, Xaffcov

TO, TZCLVTCL /3ovXo[Aevo$. OVTTOI) Se TtevTe fiieXdaiv trrao/of^ elpov lepov

KOA

TRUE HISTORY. 89

propped up our ship, and struck fire. Then we made ready supper of such as we had, for abundance of all sort of fish lay ready by us, and we had yet water enough left which we brought out of the Morning Star. The next morrow we rose to watch when the whale should gape : and then looking out, we could sometimes see mountains, sometimes only the skies, and many times islands, for we found that the fish carried himself with great swift- ness to every part of the sea. When we grew weary of this, I took seven of my company, and went into the wood to see what I could find there, and we had not gone above five furlongs but we light upon a temple erected to Neptune, as by the title appeared, and not far off we espied many sepulchres and pillars

90 AAH9OY2 I2TOPIAZ. A. 33.

KVVO$

, eTi &e Kai

TroppcoOev Kai TWO,

33. Trov ovv

i veavlcTKCp paXa,

diro

ovv a>yi*aj KCLI (frofiyBevreg

Se T&VTOV TMV co TO eiKo Trad-

ovreq avavboi Ttaea'VYjKeo-av " ovco 8e o

ec|wy, Tive<; a pa v/Ae7$ eo-re, co y wrepov, efaj, roiv evaXicDV

y a

avOpanroi

jap y/Ae?*; av6p(*)7roi ovreq Kai ev y vw OaXarTioi yeyova/Aev KOA

TRUE HISTORY. 91

placed upon them, with a fountain of clear water close unto it : we also heard the barking of a dog, and saw smoke rise afar off, so that we judged there was some dwelling thereabout. Wherefore making the more haste, we lighted upon an old man and a youth, who were very busy in making a garden and in conveying water by a channel from the fountain into it : whereupon we were surprised both with joy and fear : and they also were brought into the same taking, and for a long time remained mute. But after some pause, the old man said, What are ye, you strangers ? any of the sea spirits ? or miserable men like unto us ? for we that are men by nature, born and bred in the earth, are now sea-dwellers, and swim

92 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. A. 33.

ra> Treieovri rovra)

ovtf a 7rdo-%ofAv aKpij3a>$ effioreg* reOvd- vai pev jap eiKafy/Aev, {fiv &e 7ri<rTvo{Av. og ravra Ka/yco enrov ' Ka/ Tj vev]Xv$$, a) Ttajrep, UVTCO

TtpoyXOopev 8e ra ev TTJ vXy ax; yap rig xai Xacriog etyaivero.

cog eoiKev, y/Aag v/yaye ae re Kai eivoftevovg ori [Ay (AOVOI ev Kadeipy/^eBa rojj dypicp " aXXa fypacrov

ye yjiilv ryv cravrov rv%yv, ocrrig re

o7T(t)g ftevpo eleyXOeg. o Se ov Ttporepov epelv ov$e Trevo'eo'Bai Trap yfAcov Ttpiv raw irapovratv {Aerafiovvai, Kai Xa/3a)v yyev em ryv oiK/av eTFeirohjTO 8e

TRUE HISTORY. 93

up and down within the Continent of this whale, and know not certainly what to think of ourselves : we are like to men that be dead, and yet believe ourselves to be alive. Where- unto I answered, For our parts, father, we are men also, newly come hither, and swallowed up ship and all but yesterday : and now come purposely within this wood which is so large and thick : some good angel, I think, did guide us hither to have the sight of you, and to make us know that we are not the only men confined within this monster : tell us therefore your fortunes, we beseech you, what you are, and how you came into this

ITT" 111 1 I* W(IS a

place. But he answered, You shall not hear custom *

ancient times .. r . .to entertain all

a word irom me, nor ask any more questions strangers -with

a feast before

until you have taken part of such viands as

94 AAH9OY2 IZTOPIAZ. A. 34.

\>/A ^ ' /)" s\v ^

re /ca/ aucpQQpva* K&I i%vv$, ex/ Oe KCLI

oivov

7rvv()avTO a eireTrovOeifAev'

TOV re %ei/jtj)vaj Kai ev ry vy(TCp Kai TOV ev ro3 aepi

TOV TToXeaov, Kai TO,

34. e v7T>avAao-a Kai avTO ev

ra /cafi' eavrov 8/e^e/ Xeycov, To

e/^/, o>

8e /car' efiTtopiav airo rfy Trarpwog

ov o^are, /^a/ aXXcov TroXXcov o/Ve- eTrXeov e/ 'iraX/W TTO//C/XOV

67T/ veco^ ^eyaXoy^, ^v ern

TRUE HISTORY. 95

we are able to afford you. So he took us and brought us into his house, which was sufficient to serve his turn : his pallets were prepared, and all things else made ready. Then he set before us herbs and nuts and fish, and filled out of his own wine unto us : and when we were sufficiently satisfied, he then demanded of us what fortunes we had endured, and I related all things to him in order that had betide unto us, the tempest, the passages in the island, our navigation in the air, our war, and all the rest, even till our diving into the whale. Whereat he wondered exceedingly, and began to deliver also what had befallen to him, and said, By lineage, O ye strangers, I am of the isle An island

J in the eastern

Cyprus, and travelling from mine own country MBkrr**e*

/r J Sea, betwixt

as a merchant, with this my son you see here, c*.

96 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. A. 34.

TOV

ovv

eq TOV w/ceavov

TO) /CT6/ 7TelTVOVT KCLl

aXXow

Se TO eral

Kai VCLW TO

lov

6 (7lTOV[AVOl

axpoftpva,. TroXXoy 8e, co^ o^are, oy IXoy, a/&7reXov$ e%ei TroXXa^, a^)'

7/yvera/ "

i \f/v%pcrrarov

evvv/v e a?ro Trvp acfrGovov Kalofiev Kai opvea

TRUE HISTORY. 97

and many other friends with me, made a voyage for Italy in a great ship full fraught with merchandise, which perhaps you have seen broken in pieces in the mouth of the whale. We sailed with fair weather till we were as far as Sicily, but there we were over- taken with such a boisterous storm that the third day we were driven into the ocean, where it was our fortune to meet with this whale which swallowed us all up, and only we two escaped with our lives ; all the rest perished, whom we have here buried and built a temple to Neptune. Ever since we have continued this course of life, planting herbs and feeding upon fish and nuts : here is wood enough, you see, and plenty of vines which yield most deli- cate wine : we have also a well of excellent cool water, which it may be you have seen : we

98 AAH00Y2 IZTOPIAZ. A. 35.

rd eivTreTOAeva Kai

7Tl TO,

rov Bypiov, evQa Kai Xovo/ieOa, OTrorav

KOM XiAv ov

ecrriv aXfivpa crra&/cov el/coai TO

e%ovcra 7ravTO$a,7rov<;, ev 97 KOM

7rra KCLI

35.

TO, PJV ahXoij icrctx; fyepeiv e8f- , oi e yeiroveg

ovreq KOA aypioi. H jap, etyyv eyco, Kai eq elcriv ev TO) xyrei ; HoXXol (iev,

, KOA a^evoi Kai rag ra fiev jap e&Trepia Kai ovpa7a

TRUE HISTORY. 99

make our beds of the leaves of trees, and burn as much wood as we will : we chase after the birds that fly about us, and go out upon the gills of the monster to catch after live fishes : here we bathe ourselves when we are disposed, for we have a lake of salt water not far off, about some twenty furlongs in compass, full of sundry sorts of fish, in which we swim and sail upon it in a little boat of mine own making. This is the seven-and-twentieth year of our drowning, and with all this we might be well enough contented if our neighbours and borderers about us were not perverse and troublesome, altogether insociable and of stern condition. Is it so, indeed, said I, that there should be any within the whale but your- selves ? Many, said he, and such as are un- reconcilable towards strangers, and of mon-

II 2

ioo AAH9OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 35.

OIKOVGIV, eOvoq j^eXva)7rov KCLI

KUI Qpaav KCLI

TO, 6

TOV e/ov roov

TCOV aXXcov* xa

\ / / \

KCLl &VVVOK(f>(lXoi (TVpjfJjOj^iaV T Kdl \ t \ / \ s\\

eavrovg TreTroiyfAevoi ' ryv Se vefiovrai Ha/yovpi$ai KUI

KOA ftpofAiKOJTUTOV ' ra irpoq aura) T

irpoq aura) TW GTOAaTi ra

ecrri

ravra

6a-

ocrrpeia

TRUE HISTORY. 101

strous and deformed proportions. The western countries and the tail-part of the wood are inhabited by the Tarychanians that look like eels, with faces like a lobster : these are war- like, fierce, and feed upon raw flesh : they that dwell towards the right side are called Tritonomendetans, which have their upper parts like unto men, their lower parts like cats, and are less offensive than the rest. On the left side inhabit the Carcinochirians and the Thinnocephalians, which are in league one with another : the middle region is possessed by the Paguridians, and the Psettopodians, a warlike nation and swift of foot : eastwards towards the mouth is for the most part desert, as over- washed by the sea : yet am I fain to take that for my dwelling, paying yearly to the Psetto- podians in way of tribute five hundred oysters.

102 AAH60Y2 I2TOPIA2. A. 36.

36. '

K&I OTTOX;

Hocroi 5e, etyyv eyco, Travreg ovro HXelov^ ec/)^, TCOV ^/X/W. f/ O?rXa

/ j\ 5rs, r^'5s r ir j, -\ v

TIVO, ecrriv avrou; ; U^dev, ecp^, TTA^V TCOV i%6va)v. QVKQVV, efyyv

are o^cr/v avo?rXo/^ avrov$ ye (Avov$ " e/ 766/2 KparycrofAev avraJv,

TOV XO/TTOV 8/

em vavv

a/r/a Se roS TroXepov e^eXXev e&ecrOai TOV

OVK MTd$00V, ^9; T^ 7T

>o'yj$. Kai Soy o/ />cev eire/jjirov

TRUE HISTORY. 103

Of so many nations doth this country consist. We must therefore devise among ourselves either how to be able to fight with them, or how to live among them. What number may they all amount unto ? said I. More than a thousand, said he. And what armour have they? None at all, said he, but the bones of fishes. Then were it our best course, said I, to encounter them, being provided as we are, and they without weapons, for if we prove too hard for them we shall afterward live out of fear. This we concluded upon, and went to our ship to furnish ourselves with arms. The occasion of war we gave by non-payment of tribute, which then was due, for they sent their messengers to demand it, to whom he gave a harsh and scornful answer, and sent them

104 AAHGOY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 37.

Trpcoroi ouv ol ^TTOTroSe^ teat ol Hayovpftai

ro5 ^Kivdapco TOVTO jap /^era TroXXoS 6opv/3ov eTry 37. ypjclq Se rqv e

dvfipcov TrevTe Kai *LKQ<TIV

Kai OVTO)$

jap KaroTTKrOev CKOTTTOV avrovg, l 8e Kai avroi TrevTe Kai eiKOGi rov

ovreq Kai jap o ^KivBapo*; Kai o TTOI<; avrov (rvvecrTpaTevovTO

KOA (jv^/jjl^auTeq OvfAto Kai . reXog &e rpoiryv

TRUE HISTORY. 105

packing with their arrant. But the Psetto podians and Paguridians, taking it ill at the hands of Scintharus, for so was the man named, came against us with great tumult : and we, suspecting what they would do, stood upon our guard to wait for them, and laid five-and- twenty of our men in ambush, commanding them as soon as the enemy was passed by to set upon them, who did so, and arose out of their ambush, and fell upon the rear. We also being fi ve-and-twenty in number (for Scintharus who supplied

the room of the 11- 1111 \i t' itjo that were

and his son were marshalled among us) ad- //. vanced to meet with them, and encountered them with great courage and strength : but in the end we put them to flight and pursued them to their very dens. Of the enemies were

io6 AAH0OYZ I2TOPIAS. A. 38.

TOV<;

TCOV

KO,l eKUTOV, tf/ACOV 6 6/ KCM

38. KIV7V JjV OVV

ry vovepala

] ol aXXoi ai(i6o/Avoi irapycrav, TO Kepaq e%ovTe<; ol

TO 8e evcovviov ol

, TO fiecrov 6 ol ol jap TpiTtovofjjev^yTeq TTJV

Trpoaipovfievoi

7rpoa7ravT7ja'avTe<; avTolq Trapa TO Tloorei-

TRUE HISTORY. 107

slain an hundred threescore and ten, and but one of us besides Trigles, our pilot, who was thrust through the back with a fish's rib. All that day following and the night after we lodged in our trenches, and set on end a dry backbone of a dolphin instead of a trophy.

The next morrow the rest of the country people, perceiving what had happened, came to assault us. The Tarychanians were ranged in the right wing, with Pelamus their captain : the Thinnocephalians were placed in the left wing : the Carcinochirians made up the main battle : for the Tritonomendetans stirred not, neither would they join with either part. About the temple of Neptune we met with them, and joined fight with a great cry, which was

io8 AAH60Y2 IZTOPIA2. A. 39.

Se TO KVTO$ axnrep ra

aviovq are

i KaTa$ia)%ai>T$ e$ TTJV vXyv TO XOITTOV

39. KOA {AT 0V TTOXv KTjpVKOj^ a7TOC7-

T (LvOVVTO KGU,

S/eXeyovro. ypJiv Se OVK cr7rV$O"()ai, dXXa TTJ

CTT avTOv$

TOV

OVTOI Se o5^ e/Sov ra yiyvofteva,

6dXa,TTav. ypjelq Se TVJV

XOITTOV aSeco KaTCKOVtev TO, TroXXa

TRUE HISTORY. 109

answered with an echo out of the whale as if it had been out of a cave : but we soon put them to flight, being naked people, and chased them into the wood, making ourselves masters of the country. Soon after they sent ambas- sadors to us to crave the bodies of the dead and to treat upon conditions of peace ; but we had no purpose to hold friendship with them, but set upon them the next day and put them all to the sword except the Tritonomendetans, who, seeing how it fared with the rest of their fellows, fled away through the gills of the fish, and cast themselves into the sea. Then we travelled all the country over, which now was desert, and dwelt there afterwards without fear of enemies, spending the time in exercise of the

no AAHBOY2 IZTOPIAZ. A. 40.

TOV KOjpTTQV

TOV K rctju Sevcov, Ara/

KCLI \e\vp*evoi$. eviavrov

f*ev ovv Kai PJTJVOU; o/crco TOVTOV

TOV TpOTTOV.

40. TO) 8' evaTO) /AVJVI TtefATTT'fl

tyV $VTpaV TOV (TTO/ACLTOC

jap S'jy TOVTO KaTa Tyv ojpav

7TOll TO KWTOq, COC7T6

ovv

T7JV

\ \ *\ / ^ / \

T TroAA'jy Kai 6opv/3o$ y/toveTO Kai (jjcnrep KeXev&fAaTa Kai elpeo-lai' Tapa%- ovv dveipTrvcrauev eif avTO TO

TRUE HISTORY. in

body and in hunting, in planting vineyards and gathering fruit of the trees, like such men as live delicately and have the world at will, in a spacious and unavoidable prison. This kind of life led we for a year and eight months, but when the fifth day of the ninth month was come, about the time of the second opening of his mouth (for so the whale did once every A

clock.

hour, whereby we conjectured how the hours went away), I say about the second opening, upon a sudden we heard a great cry and a mighty noise like the calls of mariners and the stirring of oars, which troubled us not a little. Wherefore we crept up to the very mouth of the fish, and standing within his teeth, saw the strangest sight that ever eye beheld men

U2 AAHBOY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 40.

crro/Ao, TOV Ovjplov Kdi cnavTe<;

eyco ewov Oea/Aarcov 7Tapa$Q%OTaTOV 9 av-

ovov

v. o/a [jjev ovv

dcov, Xe^co Se

ycrav eTTi^Keiq p^ev, ov Trdvv &e

OGOV K&TOV (7Ta&/0)V CKaO'TT TO

' eiri e UVTCOV ejrXeov TCOV dv-

IKO(71 KCLl *

TRUE HISTORY. 113

of monstrous greatness, half a furlong in stature, sailing upon mighty great islands as if they were upon shipboard. I know you will think this smells like a lie, but yet you shall have it. The islands were of a good length indeed, but not very high, containing about an hundred furlongs in compass ; every one of these carried of those kind of men eight-and- twenty, of which some sat on either side of the island and rowed in their course with great cypress trees, branches, leaves and all, instead of oars. On the stern or hinder part, as I take it, stood the governor, upon a high hill, with a brazen rudder of a furlong in length in his hand : on the fore-part stood forty such fellows as those, armed for the fight, resembling men

ii 4 AAH60Y2 I2TOPIA2. A. 41.

7rpcx)pa$ ocrov TerrapaKOVTa,

K0fjj7j<; ' avTy e Trvp yv KOA

, (J}(7T

oey ev eKao-Ty exoXTrov re KOA efyepe tyv vyvov y eOeXoi o

eipecrlav o%ea}$ e/tivovvro

ra {AUK pa, TOV

41. TO (AV OVV TTpCOTOV $VO V] T pl<;

eTroXe/AOvv teal

oi/v di>Ti7rpa)poi

TRUE HISTORY. 115

in all points but in their hair, which was all fire and burnt clearly, so that they needed no helmets. Instead of sails the wood growing in the island did serve their turns, for the wind blowing against it drave forward the island like a ship, and carried it which way the governor would have it, for they had pilots to direct them, and were as nimble to be stirred with oars as any long-boat. At the first we had the sight but of two or three of them : after- wards appeared no less than six hundred, which, dividing themselves in two parts, pre- pared for encounter, in which many of them A stra,, ge

$ea-fght.

by meeting with their barks together were broken in pieces, many were turned over and drowned : they that closed, fought lustily and would not easily be parted, for the soldiers in

I 2

n6 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. A, 42.

, TroXXa/ e KavretivovTO, at e

Kaprepcos fiiyyaivll^ovTO KOA ov pa-

ajreXvovTO " oJ

K&t

9 01 6 7repl7rXKO/AVOl T7J

KCLI eTiTpwcrKOv oo"Tpeloi<; re o'i KCLI O-TTOJJOK; 7rXe()pialot$. 42. yyefro &e rcov ^ey Aio\OKVTavpo$,

, co^ e'&o/ce/, Xe/a^ epexa'

TRUE HISTORY. 117

the front showed a great deal of valour, enter- ing one upon another, and killed all they could, for none were taken prisoners. Instead of iron grapples they had mighty great polypodes fast A fi& tied, which they cast at the other, and if they once laid hold on the wood they made the isle sure enough for stirring. They darted and wounded one another with oysters that would fill a wain, and sponges as big as an acre. The leader on the one side was ^Eolocentaurus, and of the other Thalassopotes. The quarrel, as it seems, grew about taking a booty : for they said that Thalassopotes drave away many flocks of dolphins that belonged to ^Eolocen- taurus, as we heard by their clamours one to another, and calling upon the names of their

u8 AAH9OYZ IZTOPIAZ. A. 42.

TOV

TCOV /Sad/Xecov e?r//3oco/>G6va)v. re- Se viKUxriv ol TOV AioXoKevravpov Kai

TCOV TToXe^/COV KOSTO&VQVGIV (lAl

Kai e/carov KCLI

, at

irpv/Avav Kpovo-d/Aevai etyevyov. ol TIVO<; 8/o)^avT6^, eTre/Soy ecnrepa,

TpaTTOfievoi irpo<; ra vavdyia

eTrexpaTycrav KCLI ra dvetXovro *

OVK eXarrov TCOV

7Tl T7 K()O,Xy TOV

TRUE HISTORY. 119

kings : but ^Eolocentaurus had the better of the day and sunk one hundred and fifty of the enemy's islands, and three they took with the men and all. The rest withdrew themselves and fled, whom the other pursued, but not far, because it grew towards evening, but re- turned to those that were wrecked and broken, which they also recovered for the most part, and took their own away with them : for on their part there were no less than fourscore islands drowned. Then they erected a trophy for a monument of this island fight, and fastened one of the enemy's islands with a stake upon the head of the whale. That night they lodged close by the beast, casting their cables about him, and anchored near unto him: their anchors are huge and great, made of

120 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. A. 42.

v ovv ryv VVKTCL TTepl TO Oyptov ijvXi-

avrov TO, ajrojeia KOA

7T O/KV&V TrXvO-lOV OJljl(TajVQl * KO>1

rov

eif avTOv djreTrXeov ^QAevQi K&I

TO/UTO, Aev TO,

TRUE HISTORY. 121

glass, but of a wonderful strength. The morrow after, when they had sacrificed upon the top of the whale, and there buried their dead, they sailed away, with great triumph and songs of victory. And this was the manner of the islands' fight.

AAH9OT2 I2TOPI

AOT02 AETTEPO2.

i. To S' a?ro TOVTOV eyco royv ev TO> KTJTCI fiiaiTav a^Qo^evoq re TTJ fiovy, IAVJX&VYJV riva

an ^e\Gelv yevono * Kai TO

e&oev <YHMV fiiopv^acri /car a ov roT^ov a?ro^ava/, Ara/ dp^a

ovfiev vvo^ev^ TOV

opvy(AaTO<;

oSrco a av TO

LUCIAN:

HIS TRUE HISTORY.

THE SECOND BOOK.

UPON this we began to be weary of our abode in the whale, and our tarriance there did much trouble us. We therefore set all our wits a-work to find out some means or other to clear us from our captivity. First, we thought it would do well to dig a hole through his right side and make our escape that way forth, which we began to labour at lustily ; but after we had pierced him five furlongs deep and found it was to no purpose, we gave it over. Then we devised to set the wood on fire, for

i2 4 AAH90Y2 IZTOPIAS. B. i.

a7ro6ave7v * ei Se TOVTO yevono, pcfi/a

. dp^d-

{A6VOI OVl> C&TTO TU)V OVpaiOJV KaiO(AV, KOA t F \e\\v /

av-

TOV

evaTy crvvie/Aev avTOv VOGOVVTO*;. dpyore- pov yovv dve%a<7t<: 9 xai el Trore (Twelve. Senary Se KOA

KUI $vcrco$e$

el py rig %avovTO$ avrov

ev VKu>

VKpu

avrco

TO CTTOfAO, ^lepelvavTet; Tyv VCLVV

TRUE HISTORY. 125

(

that would certainly kill him without all ques- tion, and being once dead, our issue would be easy enough. This we also put in practice, and began our project at the tail end, which burnt seven days and as many nights before he They set t

whale on fire.

had any feeling of our fireworks : upon the eighth and ninth days we perceived he began to grow sickly : for he gaped more dully than he was wont to do, and sooner closed his mouth again : the tenth and eleventh he was thoroughly mortified and began to stink : upon the twelfth day we bethought ourselves, though almost too late, that unless we underpropped his chops when he gaped next to keep them from closing, we should be in danger of per- petual imprisonment within his dead carcase and there miserably perish. We therefore

i 2 6 AAH90Y2 IZTOF1A2. B. 2.

aXXo//,evo/ Kai TO, aXXa eTrny &' e/AeXXev o %Kl

TO 7rXo7ov /ca/

TCOV aiwAoTCDV iayayovTes KCLI K

TO>

TO Tpojraiov y/Aepas re

voyve/x/za 'ya^ ^y r^ re-

/ca/ TroorcoAreXXo^ev /ca/ ra

r/vag eTrXeo/Aev cvKpaTO) aepi , ejreiTa, fiopeov crfyo^pov

TRUE HISTORY. 127

pitched long beams of timber upright within his mouth to keep it from shutting, and then made our ship in a readiness, and provided ourselves with store of fresh water, and all other things necessary for our use, Scintharus taking upon him to be our pilot, and the next morrow the whale died. Then we hauled our ship through the void passages, and fastening cables about his teeth, by little and little settled it into the sea, and mounting the back of the whale, sacrificed to Neptune, and for three days together took up our lodging hard by the trophy, for we were becalmed. The fourth day we put to sea, and met with many dead corpses that perished in the late sea-fight, which our ship hit against, whose bodies we took measure of with great admiration, and sailed for a few

128 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 2.

eyeve-TQ KGM VTT ' CIVTOV TO TreXayo^ OVK 7ri7roXy$ [AQVOV, bcrov

jq, coare KUI a7ro/3avTa$

TOV KVGTooV. 7riJjVOl>TO 6 TOV 7TVV-

fyepeiv ov ^vva/^evot ro/ov&e r/

- 6

oyv ^KivOapoq ovca^avre^ jap ev TCO v$an crjryXaiov [AeyicrTOv ev TOVTCO (Aiva(AV vjfjjepaq rpiaKOVTa, jrvp dva-

evpiv-

eireXiire ra

KOI ryv va/uv

rqv o&ovyv edvpo 7rXeovT$ Xe/co^ KOA

TRUE HISTORY. 129

days in very temperate weather. But after that the north wind blew so bitterly that a great frost ensued, wherewith the whole sea was all frozen up, not only superficially upon the upper part, but in depth also the depth of four hundred fathoms, so that we were fain to for- sake our ship and run upon the ice. The wind sitting long in this corner, and we not able to endure it, put this device in practice, which was the invention of Scintharus : with mattocks and other instruments we made a mighty cave in the water, wherein we sheltered ourselves forty days together : in it we kindled fire, and fed upon fish, of which we found great plenty in our digging. At the last, our pro- vision falling short, we returned to our frozen ship, which we set upright, and spreading her

130 AAH60Y2 I2TOPIA2. B. 3.

rov

oiXea re yft v KOA o

eXvero

-, ' ?/

3. 7rAV(TaVT$ QVV OCTOV

vycrcp iKci teat

, dfi yc, vfiwp Xa/3ovT$ e

a/ypl-

ovq KaTa,TO%vcravTe$ aTTeTrXevo-afAev. ol 8e

ravpoi OVTOI ra xepara OVK e?r/

VTTO

o Mco[AO$ yt-tov. />cer' ov TtoXv Se evefiaivofiev, ov% u ' KCLI wjvog ev avrco i>TO Xevxy TcXypys a^TreXcov. yv Se y

tvpoq /AeyicTTO$, Travv

TRUE HISTORY. 131

sails, went forward as well as if we had been upon water, leisurely and gently sliding upon the ice ; but on the fifth day the weather grew warm, and the frost brake, and all was turned to water again. We had not sailed three hundred furlongs forwards but we came to a little island that was desert, where we only took in fresh water (which now began to fail us), and with our shot killed two wild bulls, and so departed. These bulls have their horns growing not upon their heads but under their eyes, as Momus thought it better. Then we

Jupiter for

entered into a sea, not of water but of milk, in >f ot s , ef ^ ' A *

bulls horns in 1-1 i 1 -i i r 11 r this manner.

which appeared a white island full of vines. ARIST. depart.

ani. 1. 3. He

This island was only a great cheese well feasting aL

of carping

pressed (as we afterwards found when we fed <l JSe.

H ESI on, in

that he was the son of I he A'i if/it, but begotten without a father.

K 2

I 3 2 AAH00Y2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 4.

KOji eiKOcri arafttcov TO irept/Aerpov " a/

8e a/yOTreXo/ /Sorpvwv TrXypeig, ov [Aevroi oivov, aXXa yaXa e% avrcov a7ro6x!/3ovT<;

$ efiyXov TO eVrya/^^a. oVov 8

7} KOtl (TITIOV V7ri 9 7TOTOV &6 TO

TO 6/C TCOV /3oTpV(jt)V. f3o,<Tl\VlV $ TOJV

TVJV evrevOev a ravrv/v Trapa TOV IIo(7e/8ctivo^ Xa/Soucra

TtfAVjV

ev rjj

ry eVry efa)^/>o^<7a^ev, avpa^

TRUE HISTORY. 133

upon it), about some five-and-twenty furlongs in bigness : the vines were full of clusters of grapes, out of which we could crush no wine, but only milk : in the midst of the island there was a temple built dedicated to Galatea, one A sea

nymph, daugh-

of the daughters of Nereus, as by the inscrip- a

called because

tion appeared. As long as we remained there j,/^f

milk.

the soil yielded us food and victuals, and our drink was the milk that came out of the grapes: in these, as they said, reigfneth Tyro, of her

J J Neptune begot

the daughter of Salmoneus, who, after her #*//, M*

father of Nestor.

departure, received this guerdon at the hands

of ES,

a territory of

Of NeptUne. Peloponnesus,

and for imitat- ing the thunder

In this island we rested ourselves five ^,?^>

chariot over a . . bridge of brass,

days, and on the sixth put to sea again, * j/ */*

' ' a thitnderboL

11 i 11 by Jupiter.

a gentle gale attending us, and the seas all still and quiet. The eighth day, as we

i 3 4 AAH00Y2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 4.

TT ovxeTt 8/a TOV

ofa Se

ev aX/Avpcp Kai KvauoJ v$art, d#Qpamov$ jcoXkovq CTTI TOV

aTtavra y/jv aj

TTO

TCOV TTOCOV [Aovcov * ravra jap

ovv

o^o

01 Se KCLI TTpoo-yeo-av KOA ( Y}<J'K(L-

oonropovv-

( Y}<J i? eXeyov re

6/V ^^XXct) ryv avrcov

ovv TIVO<; crvvu^onropovv TrapaOeovreg, e/ra

TRUE HISTORY. 135

sailed onward, not in milk any longer, but in salt and azure water, we saw many men run- ning upon the sea, like unto us every way forth, both in shape and stature, but only for their feet, which were of cork, whereupon, I suppose, they had the name of Phellopodes. We marvelled much when we saw they did not sink, but keep above water, and travel upon it so boldly. These came unto us, and saluted us in the Grecian language, and said they were bound towards Phello, their own country, and for a while ran along by us, but at last turned their own way and left us, Avishing us a happy and prosperous voyage. Within a while after many islands appeared, and near unto them, upon our left hand, stood Phello, the place

i 3 6 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. B. 5.

ofiov eSo

oXiyov 8e TroXXa/

K&I dTpoyyvXov wri * TTOCpwOev Se /ca/ ev

KOA Trvp TtoXv ofK avTCOV

5. Kara Se r^v Trpcopav f&la Ara/ TaTre/voy, (rra$lov$ eire^ovaoj OVK

T TjfACV KCLl 6 (LV fJt,a,O"T7] Tiq CWpOt 7Tj3l-

, oiav

o crv

olov jap a/no

KOA VOjKlVVWV KOA

TRUE HISTORY. 137

whereunto they were travelling, which was a city seated upon a mighty great and round cork. Further off, and more towards the right hand, we saw five other islands, large and mountainous, in which much fire was burning ; but directly before us was a spacious flat island, distant from us not above five hundred fur- longs : and approaching somewhat near unto it, a wonderful fragrant air breathed upon us, of a most sweet and delicate smell, such as Herodotus, the story-writer, saith ariseth out of Arabia the happy, consisting of a mixture of roses, daffodils, gillyflowers, lilies, violets, myrtles, bays, and blossoms of vines : such a dainty odoriferous savour was conveyed unto us.

1 38 AAH90Y2 IZTOPIA2. B. 5.

, TOIOVTOV jfiv TO

Se ry

K iaKtov TTQVUW

TrXycriov ry$ vycrov . evOa oy

KCLI

rovg KOA /AeyaXovg 7TOTa{Aov$ re

$ TTJV QaXarrav, eri KCLI vXaq Kai opvea, <7//ca, ra (iev eiri TOJV y'iovwv a

TTOXXa 6 KCLl 67T/ TCOV T KOV(f)0$ KOjt

' avpai

airveovcrai vjpefta tyv vXyv

CO(7T6 KCfjl OSKQ TOJV

TRUE HISTORY. 139

Being delighted with this smell, and hoping for better fortunes after our long labours, we got within a little of the isle, in which we found many havens on every side, not sub- ject to overflowing, and yet of great capacity, and rivers of clear water emptying themselves easily into the sea, with meadows and herbs and musical birds, some singing upon the shore, and many upon the branches of trees, a still and gentle air compassing the whole country. When pleasant blasts gently stirred the woods the motion of the branches made a continual delightsome melody, like the sound of wind instruments in a solitary place : a kind of clamour also was heard mixed with it, yet

140 AAH9OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 6.

KCLI (Tvve%7] ro7g eif eoflat; avXyfAacri TCOV

cov avXcov. KCLI p*vjv KCLI ficy <TV/A- yKovero a6pov$, ov

o/a jevoiT aw ev cr^Trocr/co,

v avXovvTcov, TCOV Se

7tpo<; avXov

TCOV

KCLI TreiTroXoi^ ol Se ft

avro$

TOV a^w/ra, 7ra/s' cov S^ /cad'

TRUE HISTORY. 141

not tumultuous nor offensive, but like the noise of a banquet, when some do play on wind in- struments, some commend the music, and some with their hands applaud the pipe, or the harp. All which yielded us so great content that we boldly entered the haven, made fast our ship and landed, leaving in her only Scintharus and two more of our companions behind us. Pass- ing along through a sweet meadow we met with the guards that used to sail about the island, who took us and bound us with gar- lands of roses (which are the strictest bands they have), to be carried to their governor : from them we heard, as we were upon the way, that it was the island of those that are called

142

AAII9OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 7, 8.

Kopa)v

TOV

rcov

7] fiev vyaro$

TOW Ma

/ 807 dva%6evT<; co rcov

rov

ehe

ypajcriv eire KCLI

UVTOV OTI

avrov

xar-

KOA eav-

o 'Pa$a{Aav6v<;, vvv pen avrov rov eXXefiopov Trapafiodyvai roi Kcoco laTpcp, v&repov 8e

^ere^eiv TOV O-V^TTOO-IOV. fievTepa 8e oyv Kplaiq epa)TiKV], 97- Kai MeveXaov Ttepl T*YJ<; '

TRUE HISTORY. 143

blessed, and that Rhadamanthus was governor see The

Tyrant, y.

there, to whom we were brought and placed the fourth in order of them that were to be judged.

The first trial was about Ajax, the son of A contra-

uersy concern- ing Ajax, who,

Telamon, whether he were a meet man to be being overcome

by the eloquence i 1 1 r 1 TT f Ulysses

admitted into the society 01 the Heroes or ai-out Achilles' 1

armour, fell . i i_ A j t i 1 mad and slew

not : the objections against him were his mad- himself. ness and the killing of himself : and after long pleading to and fro, Rhadamanthus gave this sentence, that for the present he should be put to Hippocrates, the physician of Cos, to be purged with helleborus, and upon the recovery of his wits to have admittance.

The second was a controversy of love, The- seus and Menelaus contending which had the better right to Helen; but Rhadamanthus gave

144 AAH90Y2 I2TOPIA2. B. 9, TO.

<TVVOI-

Kelv. KOA o 'PaftdAavQv eS/Wcre Meve-

Xaco evvelvai avryv are KOA TrovycravTi KOA Kiv^vvevcravn rov eveKCL " KOA jap av TCO Qoycre? KOA a\\0jq elv(Li <yvvaAKa<; lyv re KOA Ta TOV

9. rpiTv/ 8' e^iKOjvQv] irepi

av8^o> re TCO <&iXi7T7rov KOA ' TO) Kap%i)$ovia), KM eofe 'AAe^avSy^o^, KGM Opovoq avTCo ere irapa, IHvpov TOV Hepcryv TOV TrpOTepov.

10.

o *ev eTO rl

iepov %a)plov TTij3aii/{AV *

TRUE HISTORY. 145

judgment on Menelaus' side, in respect of the manifold labours and perils he had incurred for that marriage' sake, whereas Theseus had wives enough beside to live withal as the Amazon, and the daughters of Minos. The

Ariadne and

third was a question of precedency between Alexander, the son of Philip, and Hannibal,

1/^1 . i i * i 1

the Carthaginian, in which Alexander was pre- ferred, and his throne placed next to the elder

mans. See

/ ,1 T> PLUTARCH in

Cyrus the Persian. his life.

The son of

In the fourth place we appeared, and cambyse* who

translated the

kingdom from

he demanded of us what reason we had, tiuMedatotke

Persians. See .... 111-1 1 ^e Surveyors.

being" living 1 men, to take land in that sacred The younger

Cyrus was the

country, and we told him all our adventures Notkm and

brother to Ar-

in order as they befell us : then he com- manded us to stand aside, and considering

146 AAH9OY2 I2TOPIA2. B, u.

eir] TroXvv %povov ecr-

K7TTTO Kai TQi <JVV$Ol 6KOIVOVTO

. owyfyevov Se aXXoi re

o fiiKaio o

xai T aTro/a e?r-

, TO

KO.I dvv^iajiTTjQevTO^q rolq

. era^e Se /ca/ e7rioy{Aia,$ ^ TrXeov fiyvoiv ejrra.

11. TQWTV&V VjfJljlv MVTOfAaTCOV TOJV

Trepippvevrwv elq TTJV TroXiv yyopeOa Kai eiq TO TUJV

fiev ovv oy

, TO

TRUE HISTORY. 147

upon it a great while, in the end proposed it

to the benchers, which were many, and among

them Aristides the Athenian, surnamed the PLUTARCH.

Just : and when he was provided what sentence

to deliver, he said that for "our busy curiosity

and needless travels we should be accountable

after our death ; but for the present we should

have a time limited for our abode, during

which we should feast with the Heroes and

then depart, prefixing us seven months' liberty

to conclude our tarriance, and no more. Then

our garlands fell off from us of themselves,

and we were set loose and led into the city to

feast with the blessed.

The city was all of gold, compassed ^f^f^^,

blessed and the

with a wall made of the precious stone ^ ,

and to their per- petual shame, out- lies Homer and all the poets.

L 2

148 AAH9OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 12.

TrvXai 8e e/V/v eTrra,,

TO/ e^ctjfyoq T^ TroXeax; Kai y evroq TOV

vaol Se

XlOov o5

l 6 T^^ TTOX/V y2e7 7TOTa[AO$

TOV KaXXl&TOV TO TrXaros 7rv)%eu)V

Xovrpa e e<JT/v ev avro7<; OIKOI [AeyaXoi vaXivoi, TO) KivvaficofAcp ey-

dvTi /Aevroi v$aro$ ev ^poaoq 6ep(juy ecmv.

12.

^, 7rop<f)Vpdt$.

TRUE HISTORY. 149

smaragdus, which had seven gates, every one cut out of a whole piece of timber of cinnamon-tree : the pavement of the city and all the ground within the walls was ivory : the temples of all the gods are built of beryl, with large altars made all of one whole amethyst, upon which they offer their sacri- fices : about the city runneth a river of most excellent sweet ointment, in breadth an hun- dred cubits of the larger measure, and so deep that a man may swim in it with ease. For their baths they have great houses of glass, which they warm with cinnamon : and their bathing-tubs are filled with warm dew instead of water. Their only garments are cobwebs of purple colour; neither have they any bodies,

1 50 AAH9OY2 IZTOPIAS. B. 12.

OVK %ov(Tiv 9 aXX' dvafyeJc, Kai a&apKOi e/V/, (ioptyyv 8e Kal Ifieav fiovyv %ovcri

Kai e/jjfyojivQvvi) xai MCTCD/AUTOI o'vveo'Toicri xai Kivovvrat xai

VOVGl KCLl (fra)VV]l> d^lUdl, K&l oXcog 601K6

TIC, v] ^ v %^ avrcijv 7repnzo\elv

rov o~a){Aa,TO$ ofAOiOTyra 7repiKi/Aevv/ e <yovv p^v] atyano TI$, OVK av eXey

elvai GOtfAa TO opCDfAevov " elcrt jap

dKiai opOal, ov &e oiJSe/ aXX' e<)' av

y Trapa/Aevei. ov ^v ovfie vvB, Trap* ylverai, ov$e y/Aepa Trdvv

jap TO XvKavyeg rfiy jrpog

TOIOVTO

7T%1 T7)V JV)V. KCLt fACVTOl KOA U)p(LV

TRUE HISTORY. 151

but are intactile and without flesh, a mere shape and presentation only : and being thus bodiless, they yet stand, and are moved, are intelligent, and can speak : and their naked soul seemeth to wander up and down in a corporal likeness : for if a man touch them not he cannot say otherwise, but that they have bodies, altogether like shadows standing up- right, and not, as they are, of a dark colour. No man waxeth any older there than he was before, but of what age he comes thither, so he continues. Neither is there any night with them, nor indeed clear day : but like the twilight towards morning before the sun be up, such a kind of light do they live in. They know but one season of the year which is the

1 52 AAH90YZ UTOPIAS. B. 13.

icracri rov TOV$ " del jap eap ecrn Kai el$ av[io$ Trap o

6 <f>VTOi$ y/Aepoig re Kai vKiepolt;

Aev " at ^ev jap afArreXoi fia

elcri KOA Kara [Ayva etcaffrov KapTrocfio-

povai ' ra$ 8e poiaq KCLI rag

aXXv/v OTrcopav eXeyov [Aev elvai Tpi(7Kai^Ka(f)Opoii " evoq jap [^yvoq TOV Trap avro7$ Mivcpov $1$ Kapitofyopel. dvTi

TTVpOV 01 <TTa%V$ ap-TOV 6TOI/AOV 7T

<f)vovcriv uxTTrep [AV Ttepi VYjv TroXiv v^aroq (Jbev TrevTe Kai

Xai roaavraiy ftvpov Se Trevra/cocr/a/,

TRUE HISTORY. 153

spring, and feel no other wind but Zephyrus. The region flourisheth with all sorts of flowers, HOMER. and with all pleasing plants fit for shade : their vines bear fruit twelve times a year, every month once : their pomegranate-trees, their apple-trees, and their other fruit, they say, bear thirteen times in the year, for in the month called Minous they bear twice. In- stead of wheat their ears bear them loaves of bread ready baked, like unto mushrooms. About the city are three hundred three-score and five wells of water, and as many of honey, and five hundred of sweet ointment, for they are less than the other. They have seven rivers of milk and eight of wine.

154 AAH00Y2 IZTOPIA2. B. 14.

porepat p*evroi avrai " KUI ejrra K&I o'tvov OKTOJ.

14. TO oV o-v/ATTOo-iov

ev TO! 'HXvcrla) KaXovfAevco

6(7T/ Kd\\lO"TO KOA

avrov vXy TravroiOt,

<7T CDAVV *V K

avQewv v7ro(3e/3XvjTai. KCLI fiiafyepovcriv eKacrTa, 01 a <ye rov olvo%oelv " TOVTOV jap ov itepi &e TO VV/ATTOO'IOV

vaXov, KOji K&TToq eari TCOV $ev$(t)v TOV-

TTavrola Kai rag

KOA TO, AeeO. 67re/av ovv

TO arv/AKOO'iov, Tpvyycras ev y

TRUE HISTORY. 155

They keep their feast without the city in a field called Elysium, which is a most pleasant meadow, environed with woods of all sorts, so thick that they serve for a shade to all that are invited, who sit upon beds of flowers, and are waited upon, and have everything brought unto them by the winds, unless it be to have the wine filled : and that there is no need of: for about the banqueting place are mighty great trees grow- ing of clear and pure glass, and the fruit of those trees are drinking-cups and other kind of vessels of what fashion or greatness you will : and every man that comes to the feast gathers one or two of those cups, and sets them before him, which will be full of wine

156 AAH00Y2 IZTOPIA2. B. 15.

TCOV

olvov TrXT iveTai. OVTO)

avri &e TWV (rrecavcov al

tioveg Kai ra aXXa {AovcriKoi opvea K rcov lov Xei/ACDVO)v Tolq crTO/Aacriv

yovvra tcaTavltyei avrovg /ACT ' co&^^ vjrep-

7TTO[Aeva. KCLl [A^V KCLl

KCLl TOV TTOTUfAOV KUI CTTlO'TaO'ai

TO wpjiroviov ypepoj rcov ave/>ccov /SoWcov vov<ri

15. 67TI &6 TCU &6/7TVO) (AOVVlKy T6 KOA

TOV

TRUE HISTORY. 157

presently, and then they drink. Instead of garlands the nightingales and other musical birds gather flowers with their beaks out of the meadows adjoining, and flying over their heads with chirping notes scatter them among them.

They are anointed with sweet ointment in this manner : sundry clouds draw that unguent out of the fountains and the rivers, which settling over the heads of them that are at the banquet, the least blast of wind makes a small rain fall upon them like unto a dew. After supper they spend the time in music and singing : their ditties that are in most request they take out of Homer's verses, For he -was

in most esteem

who is there present himself and feasteth "Tent?. '

158 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. B. 16.

v-jrep TOV 'Ofivvcrea KaTaKi{Aevo<;. ol ouv oot K TzWSow ei<n xai

Se KCM vvva^QVO'iv EvvoAo re

o \OKo KOM *A!a)v o

KOA ST^CT/^C^O^ " KOA jap

TOVTOV Tra ' avro7g

avTco OVTOI TravcrcDVTai

KVKVWV

v 6

K(Li OVTOI acraxri, rore yfiv) T) jracra V\TJ eiravXe? TWV ave-

Kivo e%ovcri ' TtyjOji elvi $vo Trap a TO

vj &e Karepa<;

TRUE HISTORY. 159

among them, sitting next above Ulysses : their

give place to

choirs consist of boys and virmns, which were ^mer, who

J -o hed so lustily

for his credit.

directed and assisted by Eunomus the Lo- TW excel-

lent nmsicians.

crian, and Arion the Lesbian, and Anacreon, , TWO fa

' lyric poets.

Stesichorus

and Stesichorus, who hath had a place there havin s much

inveighed a- gainst Helena

ever since his reconcilement with Helena. As in his verses as

the cause of all , 1 . . - theTrojanwar,

soon as these nave done there enter a second -was struck

blind by Castor

choir of swans, swallows and nightingales ; a a upon *

recantation re-

and when they have ended, the whole woods "//" ring like wind-instruments by the stirring of the air.

But that which maketh most for their mirth are two wells adjoining to the ban- queting place, the one of laughter, the other of pleasure : of these every man drinks Except &

quorfor a feast.

to begin the feast withal, which makes

160 AAH9OY2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 17.

evo)%ia$ TTIVOWI Kai TO XOITTOV 07^0- / yeXtovTes $ia f

17. Bo^Ao/x/a/ &e elirelv Kai TOJV TTI-

ov<rrwa$ Trap*

\ \ 5 \

T0f

l\iov cTTparevcraiiTag TrXyv <ye TOV

Ke7vov &e U.QVOV ecba&Kov ev

ro Tay a.(7e/av %(*)pco Koaeo-ai. ap- &e Ku^o^^ re djA(f)OTepov$ KOA TOV

Ava%ap<rw KOA TOV Qpaxa Zoi-

KO,} Novftav TOV 'iTaXicvTyv, KOA YJV Kai KvKOvpyov TOV Aaxefiaifioviov KOA

QaiKicova, Kai TeXXov TOI^^ 'AQyvalovs,

Kai TOV$ (Totyovg avev Hepiavftpov. el^ov

Se Kai ^(jL>KpaT7jv TOV ^ax^

Xe<r%ovvTa juueTa NecrTOpos KOA

TRUE HISTORY. 161

them spend the whole time in mirth and

i when Iroytvas

taken, ravished

. Cassandra the

daughter of Priamus, being

I will also relate unto you what famous men a vir & in atid

J priest to Mi-

. . . nerva in the

I saw in that association. There were all the temple of p a i-

laS) for which

demigods, and all that fought against Troy, a/#*&i

dispersed the

excepting Ajax* the Locrian : he only, they

returned, and

told me, was tormented in the region of the

t The only

unrighteous. Of barbarians there was the wise "\ an

<J among the Scy-

thians, who, tn-

elder and the younger Cyrus, and Anacharsis f deavouring to

J J brin tn the

. Athenian laws

the Scythian, Zamolxis* the Thracian, and amongst his

barba. 1 ouscoun-

Numa the Italian. There was also Lycurgus" siain t? the

king, his bro- i T i 1 -TM 1 T> 11 ttier. LAERT.

the Lacedaemonian, and Phocion and Tellus + scholar and

servant to Py-

the Athenians, 11 and all the Wise Men, unless

Roman king.

it were Periander.** \\ Lawyer to

the Lacedfftno-

I also saw Socrates, the son of Sophro- '"ARCH.

Tl Two wise

niscus, prattling with Nestor and Palamedes,^ S J4ft3

poverty. PLU-

and close by him stood Hyacinthus the TA . R . CH -,

J J * Who was

King of Co- rinth and a tyrant.

tt Necrom.r.

1 62 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. B. 18.

- / py \ % \ tf ft I

tovg * Trepi be avrov yvav *&KivQo<; re

c *\ / \ f \ /

o AaKebai/Aoviog KCM o Qecnrievt; NapKicr- KCU f/ TXac KOA aXXo/ TroXXo/ KOA

KCL'I /AOi e^QKei epoiv TOV 6ov *

.o Se %aX7raiveiv avtw o

K VY1C VVIVOV* WV (DAVdpTJ Kdl

elputvelav

e ^ovo^ o^ Tra^^v, aXX' eXe- / atJro^ ei^ ry dvaTrXacrOeio/] VTT TroXe/ olKeiv %pa){Aevo$ TTJ i ro7<; VO/AOK; 01$ wveypatyev. ia ol evTQi aj(j<> *Al<rmnrov re

rfielq re ovreq xat

TRUE HISTORY. 163

Lacedaemonian, and the gallant Narcissus Socrates pro-

fessed himself

and Hylas, and other beautiful and lovely t/u* f hS* JOfy

love, and that of

youths, and for aught I could gather by Iv

be the best and

him he was far in love with Hyacinthus,

this was the best

for he discoursed with him more than all the *%*%,%%*

sort in the

rest : for which cause, they said, Rhadaman- %$%' j

virtue ; but his

thus was offended at him, and often threatened

struction of it,

to thrust him out of the island if he continued a j td . th ^fa re

Ltuian brings him in here

to play the fool in that fashion, and not give with these ,

1 J young and

. bMtiiiful lads.

over his idle manner of jesting, when he was at their banquet. Only Plato was not present, for they said he dwelled in a city framed by Sm : h a > ie

J J J as he would

have in his

himself, observing the same rule of govern- commonwealth. ment and laws as he had prescribed for them to live under.

Aristippus and Epicurus are prime men amongst them, because they are the most

M 2

164 AAH90Y2 I2TOPIA2. B, 18.

KOA crvfATTOTiKCOTaTOi. Ttapyv Se Kai A7-

$ TO&OVTOV {Aere/SaXe TOV

fiev Aatfta, TVJV era/pav, Se 7toXXaKi$ VTTO {AeOvjs dvicr- Ttapoivelv. rcov Se ^TOJIKCOV ' eri jap eXeyovTO uva-

alveiv TOV T der oiov

Se Kai ire pi XpwiTnrov ori ov

avrc

TO TTapTOv eavTQv

TOU$ Se '

6 Tl

jap avTO TOVTO TTCO el KCLI vyvoq TIC, TOiavTy <TTIV

TRUE HISTORY. 165

jovial good fellows and the best companions. Diogenes the Sinopean was so far altered from the man he was before that he married with Lais the harlot, and was many times so drunk that he would rise and dance about the room as a man out of his senses. ^Esop The f able -

maker.

the Phrygian served them for a jester. There

was not one Stoic in company but were still E ^i^ s in

busied in ascending the height of virtue's

hill : and of Chrysippus we heard that it * s f* t '

Zeno, the great-

was not lawful for him by any means to ? logician of

J * his time, and

chief of the

touch upon the island until he have the fourth tut. time purged himself with helleborus. The Academics, they say, were willing- enough to He meatu

J J ' o o not ffo pi a ton-

i i 1 1 i ,.' who are

come, but that they yet are doubtful and in caiud the ou

Academics, but 1 1111 th g new Acade-

suspense, and cannot comprehend how there mus^howmM

affirm nothing,

should be any such island ; but indeed, I pouibie * that

anything should be truly known, and

1 66 AAH9OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 19.

Kplcriv ee0/W<7av, are KCLI TO

aKoXovOelv ro7<; vwg, VTTO vu>6el(L$ Se a KaTaXa/A/3dvovra<; KCM d

19. OVTOI pjev ovv TjacLif 01 dfyoXoyct)Ta-

roi '

A^/XXea Kai {Aero, TOVTOV

'Kepi Se (Tvvov(ria$ K&I a<j>pOQio'ia)V olra)

fiev dvatyavftov Trdv-

yvvaify KCLI appeal,

TOVTO a(j%pov avroq

To7$ veoiq " Kai

TRUE HISTORY. 167

think, they were fearful to come to be judged

ished all kind

by Rhadamanthus, because themselves have {^J t u< ^T n tL

difference be-

abolished all kind of judgment : yet many ^"r"?/?-

ans or sceptics ?

of them, they say, had a desire, and would See GELL

J J ' 1. 11. c. .

follow after those that were coming hither, but were so slothful as to give it over because they were not comprehensive, and therefore turned back in the midst of their way.

These were all the men of note that I saw there ; and amongst them all Achilles was held to be the best man, and next to him Theseus. For their manner of venery and copulation thus it is : they couple openly in the eyes of all men, both with females and male kind, and no man holds it for any

1 68 AAH00Y2 I2TOP1AZ. B. 20.

&VTOV TTlOpKlV t \ e^p / /v * <

yoi^v o y&Gez; ictjKivuoq oy o

. at

elai Traai KQIVO,L

ove7 TO) TrX^dov, aXX e<n Ttept TOVTO

20.

XvOeaav, Kat Trpoo-eXQcov eye*) 'OfAyp

ra re

KOA oOev eiy, Xeycov

TOVTO [L(L\KTTOj TTap ' Tj/JAV l(7Tl VVV

o e 01^ avTO$ pev ouyvoeiv ^ ot fiev X7ov, ot &e

8e /ca/ KoXoficov/oy CLVTOV

TRUE HISTORY. 169

dishonesty. Only Socrates would swear deeply that he accompanied young men in a cleanly fashion, and therefore every man condemned him for a perjured fellow: and Hyacinthus and Narcissus both confessed otherwise for all his denial.

The women there are all in common, and no man takes exception at it, in which respect they are absolutely the best Platonists in

would have all

the world : and so do the boys yield them- omen com -

J J man.

selves to any man's pleasure without con- tradiction.

After I had spent two or three days in this manner, I went to talk with Homer the poet, our leisure serving us both well, and to know of him what countryman he was, a question with us hard to be resolved,

1 70 AAH6OY2 JZTOPIAS. B. 20.

ye eXeye

i Trapa ye To7$ TroXiraig ov% " aXXa

TtpovyyopicLV. eri &e KCM irepi rcov <7Ti%a)v eTrypcuTCDV, el *

eKelvov eicriv eyyeypa,(A(Aevoi Travrag avrov eivai.

KOV OVV T&V d/A(f)l TOV Zv/VQ$OTOV K&l AplCT-

Xoylav.

avrov aircDV ri $v TTOT ano

efaev

KaKelvo

l^evai, el Ttporepav eypatye VTJV '

TRUE HISTORY. 171

and he said he could not certainly tell him- self, because some said he was of Chios, , s en dties

' of Greece strove for the birth of

some of Smyrna, and many to be of Colo- Homer > h b

J J are comprised

. in this verse :

phon ; but he said indeed he was a Baby- smyrna,Rho-

dos, Colophon,

Ionian, and among his own countrymen not irgo^Athen*.'

called Homer but Tigranes, and afterwards

living as an hostage among the Grecians, ^Sj^J^'

or hostage.

he had therefore that name put upon him. Then I questioned him about those verses in his books that are disallowed as not of his making, whether they were written by him or not, and he told me they were all his own, much condemning Zenodotus and TWO carping

gra mmarians

Aristarchus, the grammarians, for their weak- to correct ^

of Homer's i verses.

ness in judgment. When he had satisfied me in this, I asked * touches

some commen- . tators upon

him again why he began the first verse of Homer, -who

have gone about to give a reason almost of every word he wrote.

172 AAH90Y2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 21.

creiav ryq 'IX/aSo^, ax; ol TroXXoi o &e ypvelro. on (Aev jap ov$e

, o Kai avro Trepi avrov Xejovcriv, av-

t 5 / c / t rf

riKa

aXXore rovro irotovv, el Trore avrov

Trpocricov jap TI eirvv

, Kai (AaXicna [Aera ryv //c^v,

eKpcuryvev f}v jap rig Kar ' avTOv eTrevyvej/Aew/) v/3pea)$ VTTO

01$ avTov ev ry

j Kai

21. Kara &e rov$ avrovg %povov<;

i Hv6ajopa$ o %a

TRUE HISTORY. 173

his poem with anger : and he told me it fell out so by chance, not upon any premedita- tion. I also desired to know of him whether he wrote his Odysseys before his Iliads, as many men do hold : but he said it was not so. As for his blindness which is charged upon him, I soon found it was far other- wise, and perceived it so plainly that I needed not to question him about it.

Thus was I used to do many days when I found him idle, and would go to him and ask him many questions, which he would give me answer to very freely : especially when we talked of a trial he had in the court of justice, wherein he got the better: for Thersites had preferred a bill of complaint See , Necr -

mant. b.

against him for abusing him and scoffing at him in his Poem, in which action Homer

174 AAH9OYS IZTOPIAZ. B. 22.

ev TOCTOVTOH; u)0i$ j3iOTv<ra$ K&I e/rre-

%pV<TQV$ OXOV TO 8e^/CV yfAlTO/AOV. KCLl

eKplOf) pev (TVfATroXirevo'ao'Oai avro7$, eve- o/aero Se eri irorepov HvBayopav y Ev<f>op/3ov %py avTOv ovofiat^eiv. o

KOA ovro$, TO crcoAa o\ov toTTTAevo* ov

xaiTOi iroXXa

22. HpoiovTO$ &e TOV %povov ywv Totj Trap ' avTO?<; QavaTOvcria. y

TO TrefATTTOv KOA TO ej3$o{AOv. ra [Aev ovv av eiy Aeye/v" ra Se TCOV 7rpa%6ei>T(x)v ftiyyycrofAai.

o CL<> ' 'HaxXeovt 'O8i;cr-

TRUE HISTORY. 175

was acquitted, having Ulysses for his advo- who was

1 eloquent orator.

cate.

About the same time came to us Pythagoras the Samian, who had changed his shape now seven times, and lived in as many lives, and accomplished the periods of his soul. The right half of his body was wholly of gold ; and they all agreed that he should have place amongst them, but were doubtful what to call him, Pythagoras or Euphorbus. Empedocles a Jca also came to the place, scorched quite over, as if his body had been broiled upon the embers ; but could not be admitted for all his great entreaty.

The time passing thus along, the day of prizes for masteries of activity now approached, which they call Thanatusia. The setters of <*"'? a " d

J masteries a-

niong the dead.

them forth were Achilles the fifth time, and

i;6 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. B. 23.

crea, Ttep} TOV crrefydvov

TrvyfAvj e laTj eyeveTO 'Apelov re TOV

AiyvTTTiov, *~oq ev KopivOco reOaTrrai,

TIOV 8e aOXa, ov r/Oerai Trap* avro7^. TOV

[A6VTOI ^pOfJjOV OVKTl

TTOITJTCOV Se TJJ p,ev

v KpdTl "O/MTj pO$, 1>IK

e H(7/00. ra 8e aOXa, yv aTracri o-Te

23. ' ApTi &e TOV dycoi>o$

o ev TO) %<*>pu> TGJV

ra ec7/>ca

UVTCOV

T TOV 'AKpayavT7vov Kai Bov&ipiv TOV

the Roman ma-

TRUE HISTORY. 177

Theseus the seventh time. To relate the

whole circumstance would require a long dis- **<*. ho

when they ex-

hibited plays

course, but the principal points I will deliver, unto the people,

1 * * the names of

the setters forth

At wrestling Carus, one of the lineage ot wen registered

and the time

Hercules, had the best, and wan the garland hlddomit. *' from Ulysses. The fight with fists was equal between Arius the ^Egyptian, who was buried at Corinth, and Epius, that combated for it. There was no prize appointed for the Pancra- Fighting at

all manner of r i t IT 1 1 -weapons.

tian fight : neither do I remember who got the best in running : but for poetry, though Homer without question were too good for them all, yet the best was given to Hesiodus. H ^ er t ? d

about the same

The prizes were all alike, garlands plotted of *l me > L and if

L ' O hath been con-

troverted by

peacocks' feathers. ma y hich

was the better

As soon as the games were ended, news came to us that the damned crew in the habitation of the wicked had broken their

1 78 AAH00Y2 IZTOPIAS. B. 23.

Kdl AlOfAytyv TOV QpaKO, KOM

rov<; ire pi Keipwva KCLI

e (dyjcrevg TC Kai 'A^/XXei;^ xai Ala$ o

eaxfipovcov' KUI

{Aa%oi>TO xai eviKv/vajV ol

ra 7rXe7(7Ta

Se KCLI ^ajKdr CTTI rw

TtoXu ///aXXov oy ore

/Aa%eTO. TrpoviovTUiv jap O^A: etyvye KCLI TO

r/v' e^ oig Kai vvrepov

p dpKTTelov, KaXo$ re KCM

TRUE HISTORY. 179

bounds, escaped the gaolers, and were coming to assail the island, led by Phalaris the Agnri-

J o bloody tyrants,

or notorious

gentine, Busyris the ^Egyptian, Diomedes the robbers -

Thracian, Sciron, Pituocamptes, and others :

which Rhadamanthus hearing, he ranged the

Heroes in battle array upon the sea-shore,

under the leading of Theseus and Achilles

and Ajax Telamonius, who had now recovered

his senses, where they joined fight ; but the

Heroes had the day, Achilles carrying himself

very nobly. Socrates also, who was placed

in the right wine, was noted for a brave PLATO *"

Laches, or Dia- ...... logue of Forti-

soldier, much better than he was in his life- tude, praiseth

Socrates for his 111 --^ , . - . - manhood at De-

time, in the battle at Delium : for when the /*/, which

battle the Athe- 1 ii' i ,1 ni nians wet cover-

enemy charged him, he neither fled nor thrown b y the

Boeotians, and

changed countenance : wherefore afterwards, in reward of his valour, he had a prize set out for him on purpose, which was a beautiful

N 2

i8o AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 24.

TOV TOTTOV 7rpoo'ayopevo'a$ 24. vvXXapovTes ovv rovq

voi;^. eypatye e

e$a)K TO, pifiXia KO/Ai^eiv TO/ jfjfiv dv6p(*)7roi$* aXX vcnepov KCLI TCOV aXXcov a

vvv &e

e /

TOT 5'

Trap ' (LVTQiq vofLoq eTreiftav tov

, e/Vr/covro ra e7r/v//c/a

yyov' {AQVO$ e ravryg ov

TRUE HISTORY. 181

and spacious garden, planted in the suburbs ^f a At S %

of the city, whereunto he invited many, and did

J J ' meet his scholars

where Socrates

cholars dispute

t . 1-11 1 -i

disputed with them there, giving it the name *

Plato was born, c ^ T ., . and from hence

of Necracademia. za takes

this name, .-T-.I 1,1 -11 which signifies

Ihen we took the vanquished prisoners, the Academy of

the dead.

and bound them, and sent them back to be punished with greater torments.

This fight was also penned by Homer, who, at my departure, gave me the book to show my friends, which I afterwards lost and many things else beside : but the first verse of the poem I remember was this: "Tell me now, somewhat w ;e

the beginning of

Muse, how the dead Heroes fought."

When they overcome in fight, they have a custom to make a feast with sodden beans, wherewith they banquet together for joy of their victory: only Pythagoras had no part with them, but sat aloof off, and lost his

i8 2 AAH0OY2 IZTOPIA2. B. 25.

25. 3

o TOV

ieyas re u>v Kai Ka^oq ypa %povov TJ^VJ T^ 'EXevoy^, KOA OVK dfyavvjg yv 7rivco$ ayajrcoo'a, TOV

yovv Kai ev TO) crvfATrodla) KCLI

e^avicnafievoi ejrXavcovTO JV I>XTJV. Kai S^ Trore VTTO TOV KOA ryg Oj^Tj^avlaq efiovXevcraTO o Kivv- p&q dp7ra<ra$ TVJV 'EXevoyv fyvyelv. e^Q

TCOV eTriKi[Aevu*v vyvwv, TJTOI eg

TRUE HISTORY. 183

dinner because he could not away with beans.

Six months were now passed over, and the seventh halfway onwards, when a new business was begot amongst us. For Cinyras the son of Scintharus, a proper tall young man, had long been in love with Helena, and it might plainly be perceived that she as fondly doted upon him, for they would still be winking and drinking one to another whilst they were a-feasting, and rise alone together, and wander up and down in the wood. This humour increasing, and knowing not what course to take, Cinyras' device was to steal away Helena, whom he found as A second raj*

J of Helena.

pliable to run away with him, to some of the islands adjoining, either to Phello, or

1 84 AAH60YZ I2TOPIA2. B. 26.

YJV Tvpoecrcrav.

TOW era!-

TOJV

i TUVTO, OVK

raro yap VTT' avTOv

eirij3ov\<Y]v.

eyeve-ro eyco (iev ov

yap ev ro5 (TVfjLTrodlco

_ .. \ */

01 Oe \OjOovTeq iovq

N 'TT'-V ' f V

TVJV Ei\V7]V V7TO

26. Trepi Se TO PJVQVUKTIOV o MeveXeco^ enei efiade ryu evvyv Kevy

yet

TRUE HISTORY. 185

Tyroessa, having before combined with three of the boldest fellows in my company to join with them in their conspiracy ; but never acquainted his father with it, knowing that he would surely punish him for it.

Being resolved upon this, they watched their time to put it in practice : for when night was come, and I absent (for I was fallen asleep at the feast), they gave a slip to all the rest, and went away with Helena to shipboard as fast as they could. Menelaus waking about midnight, and finding his bed empty, and his wife gone, made an outcry, and calling up his brother, went to the court of Rhadamanthus.

As soon as the day appeared, the scouts told them they had descried a ship, which

1 86

AAH9OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 26.

eXeyov 01 CTKOTTO} KaOopoiv ryv vavv ovra) 07 e/^/3il3ao'ag o TrevryKOVTa, TOW oy^cocov elq

a pit eq rov

TO&OVTOV

V6TO

ovv

vavv

8/co/ce/z/* 01 Se VTTQ

o/ceavov

Tvpoevvyg'

aXvcrei po^lvy

>5S ' '

ebdKpve

\ 5

re Kai

Ttporepov o

cog ovfteva elirov, K roiy a/So/W Soy

TRUE HISTORY. 187

by that time was got far off into the sea. Then Rhadamanthus set out a vessel made of one whole piece of timber of asphodelus wood, manned with fifty of the Heroes to pursue after them, which were so willing on their way, that by noon they had overtaken them newly entered into the milky ocean, not far from Tyroessa, so near were they got to make an escape. Then took we their ship and hauled it after us with a chain of roses and brought it back again.

Rhadamanthus first examined Cinyras and his companions whether they had any other partners in this plot, and they confessing none, were adjudged to be tied fast by the privy members and sent into the place of the wicked, there to be tormented, after they

1 88 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIAZ. B. 27.

crecoi>

27. e^^/VavTO Se KCLI vjfAoig

7TIOV-

yp,epa,v (Aovyv eTri/AeivavTag. evrav eye*) eTroTviaipjVjv re KCLI eftaicpvov

e/AeXXov dyaOa 6yo'0'()ai. avroi

ov TroXXcov ercov

ovov re

eq TOVTCIQV

TOJV dpicrTCOv. ejci) e TTpoveXOuw TO) TroAAa iKerevov elirelv ra KO>I wroe7a/ AOI TOV TrXovv. o

8e etyacrxev d(f)l^O'6ai f^ev eq i^v

TroXXa irporepov TrXavydeina KOA

TRUE HISTORY. 189

had been scourged with rods made of mallows. Helena, all blubbered with tears, was so ashamed of herself that she would not show her face. They also decreed to send us packing out of the country, our prefixed time being come, and that we should stay there no longer than the next morrow : where- with I was much aggrieved and wept bitterly to leave so good a place and turn wanderer again I knew not whither : but they com- forted me much in telling me that before many years were past I should be with them again, and showed me a chair and a bed prepared for me against the time to come near unto persons of the best quality.

Then went I to Rhadamanthus, humbly beseeching him to tell me my future fortunes,

1 90 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 27.

, rov Se %0ovov OVKCTI TrpovBelvai ydeXycrev' aXXa KO,I

vovro

TCOV ajvefiwv, ra$ TtXyo'lov, 'Ac/) TO TroXv TTVp opciq

ovelpwv

' ov$7ra) aoi tyalverai.

, rore

ryv evamlav ryj

KOA TroiKiXa eOvvj

KCLl

e/V Toyv eiepdv vjireipov. TOCT-

6/7T6.

TRUE HISTORY. 191

and to direct me in my course ; and he told me that after many travels and dangers, I should at last recover my country, but would not tell me the certain time of my return : and showing me the islands adjoining, which were five in number, and a sixth a little further off, he said, Those nearest are the islands of the ungodly, which you see burn- ing all in a light fire, but the other sixth is the island of dreams, and beyond that is the island of Calypso, which you cannot see .p gy / ia ,\ an

J * J island between

the Phoenician

from hence. When you are past these, you and Syrian seas

J J in which Calyp'

. . so,asea-nyiph,

shall come into the great continent, over the daughter of

Oceamis and , , Thetis % being

against your own country, where you shall <?, enter- tained Ulysses

suffer many afflictions, and pass through *0nd jailing in

love with him . j i. j_1 f t detained him

many nations, and meet with men of inhuman with her

years.

conditions, and at length attain to the other continent.

I 9 2 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 28.

28. Kai dvao-Trao-at; OLTTO TVJ<;

Se K&I ei TTOT d(fiit<oi/Arjv e^ yyv, /Ayre Trvp [Aa%a/pa o"Ka-

virep TO, o/crco/^a/Se/ca CTTJ

TOVTCDV jap (w [Aepjvyj/Ae

elq ryv vvjcrov dtyl^eax;. rore />ce j Trepi TOV TrXovv

<Tvveio'Tia)[Avjv

TOV TroivjTyv e^evjOvjv avrov Troiyjcral

TRUE HISTORY. 193

When he had told me this, he plucked a root of mallows out of the ground, and reached it to me, commanding me in my greatest perils to make my prayers to that : advising me further neither to rake in the Most have

interpreted this

fire with my knife, nor to feed upon lupins, pLept, * *

stir up the 1 ii' , anger of great

nor to come near a boy when he is past a ,fd powerful

persons.

eighteen years of age : if I were mindful of this, the hopes would be great that I should come to the island again.

Then we prepared for our passage, and feasted with them at the usual hour, and next morrow I went to Homer, entreating him to do so much as make an epigram of two verses for me, which he did : and I erected a pillar of berylstone near unto the

I 9 4 AAH90Y2 I2TOPIA2. B. 29.

7rpo<; reo IJACVI. TO e e?r-

oq ra$e Oeolviv

29.

TCOV TTOVTCDV. evdoj /AM Kdt O$v<r<rv$ TTpocreX-

TVJV WJGOV

^eiv. crvve7re[A\f; e

TOV 7TOp6(Aea NavjrXiov, /V e/

$ rag WYjvovt;, are KO,T '

e?re/ &e TOV evcu^ depa Trpoi

TRUE HISTORY. 195

haven, and engraved them upon it. The epigram was this :

Lucian, the gods' belov'd, did once AOWH<W& rd$ e

ttavra. <f>i\os

attain

E?5f re Kai ir<-

To see all this, and then go home * tX

yaiotv.

again.

After that day's tarrying, we put to sea, brought onward on our way by the Heroes, where Ulysses closely coming to me that Penelope might not see him, conveyed a T^ wife of letter into my hand to deliver to Calypso in the isle of Ogygia. Rhadamanthus also sent Nauplius, the ferryman, along with us, that Jf 2lJ m j

Amymone, the

if it were our fortune to put into those ****'&*>*-

naus, Ktng of the Argives.

islands, no man should lay hands upon us, because we were bent upon other employ- ments.

O 2

196 AAH90Y2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 30.

re ^eivy $ie$e%ero otov dcrtyaXTOV KOA

OeiOV KOjl TTlTTTj^ (L^CL KaiO{AVO)V, KCLl

avQpwnwv OTTTCD/ievcov, KUI o

avrov ^povoq TTITTIVV]' ^Kovofiev e KCLI \}>o(f)ov Kai

v * jr. . > /

so. rai<; [Aev ovv aAAai$ ov Trcoo'eo'%0

Vj 8e 7T/3y{AV, TOiafie <Y}V* KVKX(

TToicra

a/tax; Kara rov$

TRUE HISTORY. 197

No sooner had we passed beyond the smell of that sweet odour but we felt a horrible filthy stink, like pitch and brimstone burning, carrying an intolerable scent with it as if men were broiling upon Burning coals : the air was dark and muddy, from which distilled a pitchy kind of dew. We heard also the lash of the whips, and the roarings of the tor- mented : yet went we not to visit all the islands, but that wherein we landed was of f T . he hlands .

of the tormented.

this form : it was wholly compassed about with steep, sharp, and craggy rocks, without either wood or water: yet we made a shift to scramble up among the cliffs, and so went forwards in a way quite overgrown with briars and thorns through a most villainous

198 AAH0OY2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 31.

&e em

KCLl TO KOtKTryplOV TTpOJTO, fA6V TYjV

TOV TOTTOV eOavAuAev' TO

eppeov, o PJV j3op/3opov, o

, o &e e^&ov Ttvpoq, TTUVV fAe

OVTO$ KCLI aTrepaTO^ Kai eppei axnrep

KV[AO,TOVTO

rovq e piKovq av-

si.

e avrovq

8e jbia (TTev /a

TRUE HISTORY. 199

ghastly country, and coming at last to the prison and place of torment we wondered to see the nature and quality of the soil, which brought forth no other flowers but swords and daggers, and round about it ran certain rivers, the first of dirt, the second of blood, and the innermost of burning fire, which was very broad and unpassable, floating like water, and working like the waves of the sea, full of sundry fishes, some as big as firebrands, others of a less size like coals of fire, and these they call Lychniscies.

There was but one narrow entrance into it, and Timon of Athens appointed to keep the door, yet we got in by the help of Nauplius, and saw them that were tormented, both

200 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 31.

TOV

evlovq

TOV Y^ivvpav K&TTVU)

fifovg Kai ra$ airlag ec/)' alq

Kai pey terras anrao'wv VTrefAevov ol tyevvafAevoi TI Trapa TOV

ol a TaXO crveaoTe ev

otq Kai Kr^d/a^ o Kv/&/o^ yv Kai

Kai aXXoi TroXXoi. TOVTOV$ ovv opcov efyov ig TOVTTIOV rag

" ovftev

yap

TRUE HISTORY. 201

kings and private persons very many, of which there were some that I knew, for there I saw Cinyrus tied by private members, and hanging up in the smoke. But the greatest torments of all are inflicted upon them that told any lies in their lifetime, and wrote untruly, as Ctesias the Cnidian, Herodotus, T>

J cms.

and many other, which I beholding, was put in great hopes that I should never have any- thing to do there, for I do not know that hi ever I spake any untruth in my life. We therefore returned speedily to our ship (for we could endure the sight no longer), and taking our leaves of Nauplius, sent him back again.

202 AAH90Y2 I2TOPIA2. B. 32.

32. ra%eci}$ 5' ovv dvaarptyag ejrl vqv vavv ov$e jap ytivvafiijv fyepeiv T/JV d<T7rao-a(AVO<; TOV NavTrXiov owe- i {ACT ' o\lyov etyaivero

viov y TCOV ovelpwv vyo-oq, d/Avftpa KOA

f SS V

iiv i%e oe Kai avTVj TI ovetpoig TrapaTrXycriov' vire^copei jap irpo-

<TIQVTU)V VjfAOJV Kai V7Te(f)VJ

VTTj3aiv. KaTaXa/3ovTe$ Se TTOTC

KOA cr7rXev(7avTe< e TOV

Trpoo-ajopevo/Aevov TrXyo-iov TCOV TCOV eXetyavTivtov, y TO TOV 'AXe/c-

rpvovog epov ear/, ire pi a7rej3aivo(jijv, TrapeXQovreg Se eq

oveipovg KOA TTOiKiovg ea)p-

TRUE HISTORY. 203

A little after appeared the Isle of Dreams a * '

Dreams de-

near unto us, an obscure country and un- scribed - perspicuous to the eye, endued with the same quality as dreams themselves are : for as we drew, it still gave back and fled from us, that it seemed to be farther off than at the first, but in the end we attained it and entered the haven called Hypnus, and adjoined to the gate of Sir " 01 ' ivory, where the temple of Alectryon stands, and took land somewhat late in the even- ing.

Entering the gate we saw many dreams of See The Cock - sundry fashions ; but I will first tell you somewhat of the city, because no man else hath written any description of it : only

204 AAH9OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 33.

e/7re7v, eirei /^Se aXXco r/y/ Trepl avTy$, oq Se

oweypoaf/e.

33. KvxXa) (Aev irepl 7roi<7av , ra tievtipa e . ecm Kotji juavfiaoai KCLI tit*

ri TrXyQoq WKTepi$u>v TOVTO yap ev Tfl vqcrco ylverai opveov. TTOTO,- irapappci nXy/Giov o VTT '

OVO/AUTO, KOA

8e Havvv%ta. o

7repi/3oXog Se Tyq TroXea)^ tyitfh&q re xai

Xog, lp til , TOyV

TRUE HISTORY. 205

Homer hath touched it a little, but to small v .$"'** 9 '

purpose.

It is round about environed with a wood, the trees whereof are exceeding high poppies and mandragoras, in which an infinite num- Herbs pro-

curing sleep.

ber of owls do nestle, and no other birds &**#*$!

and per sons here

to be seen in the island : near unto it is 7rf&

as signify some-

a river running, called by them Nyctiporus, %%$$ t

or to the night.

and at the gates are two wells, the one named Negretus, the other Pannychia. The wall of the city is high and of a changeable colour, like unto the rainbow, in which are four gates, though Homer speak but of two : for there are two which look toward the fields of sloth, the one made of iron, the

206 AAH60Y2 IZTOPIA2. B. 33.

7TOV<rai, y Aev cr/Sa, &e ex

ev^, K&6 ' a^ eXeyovro aTro- avTOJv o'l re fyofiepot K&L

8e e

TO NuKToiov" (removal jap 6eu*v

fAaXicna, KCLI TOV ^

TO lepov

OVTO$ jap Trap* avTo7$ (TaTpajra^ $vo Kai

vos, Tapat:la)va re rov Mara/-

TRUE HISTORY. 207

other of potter's clay, through which those dreams have passage that represent fearful, bloody, and cruel matters : the other two behold the haven and the sea, of which the one is made of horn, the other of ivory, which we went in at.

As we entered the city, on the right hand stands the temple of the Night, whom, with Alectryon, they reverence above all the gods : for he hath also a temple built for him near unto the haven. On the left hand stands the palace of sleep, for he is the sovereign king over them all, and hath deputed two great princes to govern under him, namely, Taraxion, the son of Matogenes, and Plutocles, the son of Phan- tasion.

208 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. B. 34.

KOA UXovTOKXea tov Se

ev fieo' f fl e TT yopa irvjyyj TI$ ecmv, KaXov&i Y^ape&Tiv* Kai TrXycriov vaol

TO aftvTOV 6CTT1V aVT()7$ KOA TO

ov TTpoeio-ryKei Trpotyv/Tevajv 'Avr/(/)aiv o

ovepcov VTTOKpiTijg, TavTys Trapa TOV

34. avrajv /Mevroi rcov ovelpwv

if it *<\ r a/ ^^> <

(pvcri$ ovre /6ea TJ avTy. aAA 01

re yvav Kai (AaXaxoi KUI KOA vei$e7$, ol &e VK^yoi KOM

KCLl 01

ol 8e Taireivoi T KO.I

ev UVTOH; KOjt TrrepcDTOi Tiveq

KOA re^arcoSe/^, KOA aXXoi KOjOasnep e

TRUE HISTORY. 209

In the middest of the market-place is a well, by them called Careotis, and two temples adjoining, the one of falsehood, the other of truth, which have either of them a private cell peculiar to the priests, and an oracle, in which the chief prophet is Antiphon, the interpreter of dreams, who was preferred by Sleep to that place of dignity.

These dreams are not all alike either in nature or shape, for some of them are long, beautiful, and pleasing: others again are as short and deformed. Some make show to be of gold, and others to be as base and beggarly. Some of them had wings, and were of monstrous forms : others set out in

210 AAH6OY2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 35.

, 01

a, ol Se eg 6eov$ 9 ol Se e/V a

Afe/coa/x/^/x/evo/. TroXXovg 8e a^roi yvu>p{(Taj/jjV TraXai Trap* VJ/MV ecopa , o? S^ /ca/ Troo-evajV xai

iravv Xa^TTco Kai

royv re

voi /3a(nXea$ re Troiycreiv xai

evioi Se /ca/ aTr^yov oy/x/a^ e/V ra^ irarpt-

KOA

35. Aea *zv ovv

Trap* avro7$

TRUE HISTORY. 211

pomp, as it were in a triumph, representing the appearances of kings, gods, and other persons.

Many of them were of our acquaintance, for they had been seen of us before, which came unto us and saluted us as their old friends, and took us and lulled us asleep, and feasted us nobly a*nd courteously, pro- mising beside all other entertainment which was sumptuous and costly, to make us kings and princes. Some of them brought us home to our own country to show us our friends there, and come back with us the next morrow.

Thus we spent thirty days and as many nights among them, sleeping and feasting

p 2

212 AAH90YZ I2TOPIA2. B. 35.

KOI

aveypo/Aevoi

8 ' eKciQev ry 'Qyvyla vy

Xvcrag rr/v eTricrroXyv dveyt

Trapa crov rqv

vavayla,

olxeiav

VTTQ TrjXeyovov varepov TOV K

TRUE HISTORY. 213

all the while, until a sudden clap of thunder awakened us all, and we starting up, pro- vided ourselves of victuals, and took sea again, and on the third day landed in Ogygia. But upon the way I opened the letter I was to deliver, and read the contents, which were these :

"Ulysses to Calypso sendeth greeting. This is to give you to understand that after my departure from you in the vessel I made in haste for myself, I suffered shipwreck, and hardly escaped by the help of Leucothea into the country of the Phaeacks, who sent me to mine own home, where I found many that were wooers to my wife, and riotously consumed my means ; but I slew them all,

214 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 36.

yevofAevov awgpeOyv, KCLI vvv eifAi ev $ MaKapwv vvjcrcp TTUVV [Aeravoajv em TCO Ka,TaXi7re7v TT/V Trapa croi filairav KCM,

V7TO (70V

ovv

Ttpoq cre. <( TavTa [Aev efiyXov V/

, Kal Trep}

6(JJ{AV.

evov TO GTrXaiov TOIOVTOV olov

irpcoTa /Aev em TtoXv ea/o pvev, eTteira e TrapexaXei vjfAaq em a KCLI e/Vr/a XafA7rpa}$ KCLI Trepi TOV

KOA 7Tp}

TRUE HISTORY. 215

and was afterwards killed myself by my son Telegonus. whom I begat of Circe, and am ,

told by his mo- ther whose son

now in the island of the blessed, where I ***v*w&rf

to Ithaca to see

daily repent myself for refusing 1 to live with being kept bad

by the guard,

you, and forsaking the immortality proffered o

tance, he slew i i , / T A. certain of them,

me by you ; but if I can spy a convenient an d at length

Ulysses being

time, I will give them all the slip and come JT %!*,

Telegonus not

tr> VO11 " knowing who he

nj y \J u . was, ignorantly

slew him.

This was the effect of the letter, with some addition concerning us, that we should have entertainment : and far had I not gone from the sea but I found such a cave as Homer speaks of, and she herself working busily at her wool. When she had received the letter, and brought us in, she began to weep and take on grievously, but afterwards

216 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 37.

Tryg, OTroia re eiy VYJV o\f/w KOA el

'Ofivcro-evi; TtaXai irepi KOA x/e/ TOIUVTO, dire-

rore Lev ovv oijTeXBovre eiri

vawv TrXycriov eir} rys yiovoq

rov TrvevAaro' KCM

6ei>Te<;

ovroi ajpioi ex rcov

. ra

cloven /AeyaXa KoXoKvvdiva, TO

T/JV KoXoKw6av, KOiXajVavreq avTyv KOA

ryv evrepiwvyv e/ATrXeovGiv, la-

TRUE HISTORY. 217

she called us to meat, and made us very good cheer, asking us many questions con- cerning Ulysses and Penelope, whether she was so beautiful and modest as Ulysses had often before bragged of her.

And we made her such answer as we thought would give her best content: and departing to our ship, reposed ourselves near unto the shore, and in the morning put to sea, where we were taken with a violent storm, which tossed us two days together, and on the third we fell among the Colocyn- thopiratans. These are a wild kind of men, that issue out of the islands adjoining, and prey upon passengers, and for their shipping have mighty great gourds six cubits in

218 AAH9OY2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 38.

oQovyq TCU tyvXXco 7rpocrj3aXovT$ ovv . y/jJiv diro

KCLl

TO)

. d<y%(i)/&aXa)$ Se em

TTiv TCOV Ko\OKVv6o7Tif>a,Ta)v Tr

KlVOl

38. Tji^etq 8e ev TOVOVTCO 7rapavTe<; ty

TRUE HISTORY. 219

length, which they make hollow when they are ripe, and cleanse out all that is within them, and use the rinds for ships, making their masts of reeds, and their sails of the gourd leaves.

These set upon us with two ships fur- nished and fought with us, and wounded many, casting at us instead of stones the seeds of those gourds. The fight was con- tinued with equal fortune until about noon, at which time, behind the Colocynthopiratans, we espied the Caryonautans coming on, who, as it appeared, were enemies to the other, for when they saw them approach, they for- sook us and turned about to fight with them ; and in the mean space we hoist sail and away, leaving them together by the ears,

220 AAH6OY2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 39.

Kapvovavrai are KCM irXelov^ irevre yap

G&TTO i(r%vpOTp(av

vecov fAa,%o(Aevoi* TO, yap ?rXo7a yv avrdig

y (A i op, a

opyviai TrevTeKaifteKa. eirei Se fy&ILev avrovg, lOj/AeOd re rov$ Tiaq KCLI ro XOITTOV ev ro7$ 07rXot$ cog eir/nav del riva$ eTTtfiovXag T

%QfAVOl OV

39. OVTTCt) JOVV $$VKl yXlO<; 9 KOA

diro -rivoq epy/iov wyvov TrpocryXavvov

ocrov

Acov o%ovfAVOi, Xyo-Tai Kai OVTOI' KCM ol

avrov$ efyepov d

(Jt)<77Tp

TRUE HISTORY. 221

and no doubt but the Caryonautans had the better of the day, for they exceeded in num- ber, having five ships well furnished, and their vessels of greater strength, for they are made of nutshells cloven in the midst and cleansed, of which every half is fifteen fathom in length.

When we were got out of sight we were careful for the curing of our hurt men, and from that time forwards went no more un- armed, fearing continually to be assaulted on the sudden : and good cause we had : for before sunsetting some twenty men or there- abouts, which also were pirates, made towards us, riding upon monstrous great dolphins, which carried them surely : and when their mders gat upon their backs, would neigh

222 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIA2. B. 40.

evOev, 01 8e evftev e

Kai otyOaXfAo'is KapKiva)v.

, aXXa TcoSe^re^ o; TroXXo/

40. ?re^/ 6 TO

Aev 7rpoo"OKeiXavTe$ a TrafA/AeyeOei' o~Ta5/cov youv yv avrv/ TO TreptfAeTpov. eTTCTrXei 8e y V TO, a>a OaXTrovcra ov TroXv . KCLI Soy d

VOJVV TO)

yoepav

eOeaj-

TRUE HISTORY. 223

like horses. When they were come near us, they divided themselves, some on the one side, and some on the other, and flung at us with dried cuttle-fishes and the eyes of sea-crabs ; but when we shot at them again and hurt them, they would not abide it, but fled to the island, the most of them wounded.

About midnight, the sea being calm, we fell before we were aware upon a mighty great halcyon's nest, in compass no less than or kingfisher. threescore furlongs, in which the halcyon herself sailed, as she was hatching her eggs, in quantity almost equalling the nest, for when she took her wings, the blast of her feathers had like to have overturned our ship, making a lamentable noise as she flew along.

224 AAH9OY2 I2TOPIAZ. B. 41.

vyv KaXiav o%$la

Se KOU

(ACVTOl KOA 01 V60TTOI

exploit. TreXeKecriv ovv

ev TCOV wcov veorrov

eiKOcri JVTTOJV

ovov oraS/Of^ $iaKocriov$, repara

o re yap ev ry

(f>aXaKpo<; oy&oy cov dve-

TO TTUVTWV

o jap

TRUE HISTORY. 225

As soon as it was day, we got upon it, and found it to be a nest, fashioned like a great lighter, with trees plaited and wound one within another, in which were five hun- dred eggs, every one bigger than a tun of Chios measure, and so near their time of hatching that the young chickens might be seen and began to cry. Then with an axe we hewed one of the eggs in pieces, and cut out a young one that had no feathers, which yet was bigger than twenty of our vultures.

When we had gone some two hundred furlongs from this nest, fearful prodigies and strange tokens appeared unto us, for the carved goose, that stood for an ornament on

226 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIAZ. B. 42.

dvetyvcre KO.I CTTI TCO axpco e/tap-

o e Kap7ro$ yv ait/to,

, OVTTO)

f \ * \ % f \

TO eiKOt; eTOjpajfflVjfjjev KCLI

\ 5

ro7g Oediq dirorpetyai TO

XOKOTOV TOV

42. OVTTCO

/ Xacriov

TTITVCOV KO.I KUTTaplTTCOV. KOA

yireipov elvai* TO 8e

yovv Kai TO Troiv

jap 8/a roiv

TRUE HISTORY. 227

the stern of our ship, suddenly flushed out with feathers and began to ciy. Scintharus, our pilot, that was a bold man, in an instant was covered with hair : and which was more strange than all the rest, the mast of our ship began to bud out with branches and to bear fruit at the top, both of figs and great clusters of grapes, but not yet ripe. Upon the sight of this we had great cause to be troubled in mind, and therefore be- sought the gods to avert from us the evil that by these tokens was portended.

And we had not passed full out five hun- dred furlongs, but we came in view of a mighty wood of pine - trees and cypress, which made us think it had been land, when it was indeed a sea of infinite depth, planted with trees that had no roots, but floated

228 AAH90Y2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 42.

TOV VJV TTVKva jap K&i 7rpocre%y

OVT6

e dveXOcov eiri TO

KUl

7Tl

Ti\elovq T^V ilx^z^ ovcrav,

erepov WKeavov eK$e%o{Aei>ov. KOA dva6e[Aevov<; ryv vavv

TTJV Kop^yv TOJV evpwv TTVKVTJ V7rp/3i/3acrai 9 el ftvvalfieOa, eq erepav' K&I OVT(JL>$

<yap avryv xaXco

dvifAyjcrafAeOa, xai QevTeq em TCOV

TO, /or/a

ev OaXaTTy eTrXeo/Aev TOV dve/AOv

TRUE HISTORY. 229

firm and upright, standing upon the water. When we came to it and found how the case stood with us, we knew not what to do with ourselves. To go forwards through the trees was altogether impossible : they were so thick and grew so close together : and to turn again with safety was as much unlikely. I therefore got me up to the top of the highest tree to discover, if I could, what was beyond ; and I found the breadth of the wood to be fifty furlongs or there- about, and then appeared another ocean to receive us. Wherefore we thought it best to assay to lift up our ship upon the leaves of the trees which were thick grown, and by that means pass over, if it were possible, to the other ocean : and so we did : for fastening a strong cable to our

230 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 43.

OOVVTO$ eTTicrvpofAevoi' evOa 807 KCLI TO

10V TTOITJTOV

i jap TTOV KOjKeivoq* Tolviv 8' vXyevTO, 8/a TrXoov 43.

eq TO

v&vv

pov KCfji $iavyov$ y

e/c

Va), KaOdirep ev

opco/Aev VTTO (reicrfAcov yevo-

TO, /or/a oz;

eX6oj

Trap oyov eoj(ra

ovov crraS/coy %iXiaw {AaXa tyofiepov KCLI

TRUE HISTORY. 231

ship, we wound it about the tops of the trees, and with much ado poised it up to the height, and placing it upon the branches, spread our sails, and were carried as it were upon the sea, dragging our ship after us by the help of the wind which set it forwards. At which time a verse of the poet Antimachus came to my remembrance, wherein he speaks of sailing over tops of trees.

When we had passed over the wood, and were come to the sea again, we let down our ship in the same manner as we took it up. Then sailed we forwards in a pure and clear stream, until we came to an exceeding great gulf or trench in the sea, made by the division of the waters as many times is upon land, where we see great clefts

232 AAH00Y2 I2TOPIAZ. B. 44.

fio^ov' e/Vr^/ce/ jap TO vftoop axmep ' TtepifiXeTrovTeq e ov TTCLVV TroppajOev

<; vqv erepav

ovv Tdlq K(*)7i;ai$ KCLI Ke7vo Trojpe^p&pjOpjev K&I

44. re Trpocryves K&L wy<TQ$ ov [AeydXvj, ev-

7Tpocrno$, o-vvoiKOVfAevy*

aypioi avOpcoiroi,

I OLOV Trap" ypAv TOV Mtvwravpov . 8flto$cwT$ Se

TRUE HISTORY. 233

made in the ground by earthquakes and other means. Whereupon we struck sail and our ship stayed upon a sudden when it was at the pit's brim ready to tumble in : and we stooping down to look into it, thought it could be no less than a thou- sand furlongs deep, most fearful and mon- strous to behold, for the water stood as it were divided into two parts, but looking on our right hand afar off, we perceived a bridge of water, which to our seeming, did join the two seas together and crossed over from the one to the other. Wherefore we laboured with oars to get unto it, and over it we went and with much ado got to the further side beyond all our expectation.

Then a calm sea received us, and in it we found an island, not very great, but

2.34 AAH9OY2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 44.

KOA (7/T/a

OVKCTI jap efyopev. KOA vTOv 7r\vj<Tlov Vf>OfAV, 8e ovfiev etyaivero, TrXy ov TTOppwOev yKovero. So^avre^ ovv elvat j3ocov, /car'

dv6pu)7roi$. ol 8e

XafAfiavovcriv, ol e AO/TTG/ TT^O^ roy

e/ra

irepi&elv Tovq (f)tXov$ e/A-

ro7<; ySou/cec^aXo/^ ra Kpea rcov

KreivofAev re

/c*a/ aJ^ra a^rcm;

TRUE HISTORY. 235

inhabited with unsociable people, for in it were dwelling wild men named Bucepha- lians, that had horns on their heads like the picture of Minotaurus. where we went * mons ^ et ' f

who was half a bull and half

ashore to look for fresh water and victuals, *,*#

on Pasiph ae, the -wife of Minos,

for ours was all spent : and there we found &? f Crete,

by a bull, with . , i i 1 "which she fell

water enough, but nothing: else appeared : * ***, etc.

' OVID. Met.

only we heard a great bellowing and roar- ing a little way off, which we thought to have been some herd of cattle, and going forwards, fell upon those men, who espying us, chased us back again, and took three of our company: the rest fled towards the sea. Then we all armed ourselves, not mean- ing to leave our friends unrevenged, and set upon the Bucephalians as they were dividing the flesh of them that were slain, and put them all to flight, and pursued

236 AAII00Y2 IZTOPIAZ. B. 44.

, KO.I

ovfiev evpopev. 01 /Aev ovv aXXoi

OVK

TOJV

Xvr-

poiq Tovq <TVvei\ f Y](jjpjevovq % vvvtepjev yap $iavVovTO)v Kat yoepov ri

IKTVOVT(1)V. TO,

TVpol TTOXXO/ KCLl l%0v$ fypOl KOM

OTTIO--

, ol &e TTova) elq eva

67T/

KOI

TRUE HISTORY. 237

after them, of whom we killed fifty, and two we took alive, and so returned with our prisoners ; but food we could find none.

Then the company were all earnest with me to kill those whom we had taken ; but I did not like so well of that, thinking it better to keep them in bonds until ambas- sadors should come from the Bucephalians to ransom them that were taken, and indeed they did : and I well understood by the nodding of their heads, and their lamentable lowing, like petitioners, what their business was.

So we agreed upon a ransom of sundry cheeses and dried fish and onions and four deer with three legs apiece, two behind and one before. Upon these conditions we de- livered those whom we had taken, and tarry- ing there but one day, departed.

238 AAH0OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 45.

45. y^vj &e i%6ve$ re vj/juv efyalvovro opvea 7rap7reTTO Kai aXX OTTO era

va,VTtXia<; %pu>/jjvov<;' t OWTOI jap Kai vavTat Kai vyeq yvav. Xe^co e TOV

TOV TpOTTOV* V7TTIOI Kl/AVOl 7Tl TOV

ra al^ola fieyaXa Se avTCov oOovyv

TOV

TOVTOV$

ol 8e Trpoiovres eTiefyepQVTO tovq

. ovroi ypjaq olre yftiKOvv ovre

efyevyov, aXX' oyXawov aeco^ re

TRUE HISTORY. 239

Then the fishes began to show them- selves in the sea, and the birds flew over our heads, and all other tokens of our approach to land appeared unto us. Within a while after we saw men travelling the seas, and a new found manner of navigation, themselves supplying the office both for ship and sailor, and I will tell you how. As they lie upon their backs in the water and their privy members standing upright, which are of a large size and fit for such a purpose, they fasten thereto a sail, and holding their cords in their hands, when the wind hath taken it, are carried up and down as please themselves.

After these followed others riding upon cork, for they yoke two dolphins together, and drive them on (performing themselves the place of a coachman), which draw the

240 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 46.

ipyviKco<; TO e/0 TO? y/Aerepov TrXolov

Xy' KarcpKVjTO e ai

UTTO

Trpcxyyeo-av jap xai ro KOA ytnrafyvTO, Travv er

K(LI ttaXai Tracrai xai

ovv

at yvvoAKeq eKaarv] TTpog KOM evov eTro/erro. eyco &e pov v7TO(TTa<; ov jap ^pyvTa,

&Kpij3eo"repov re 7repi/3Xe7ra)v opoj

dvOpCOTTOJV OCTToi KCLl KpdVlOj Kl-

TRUE HISTORY. 241

cork along after them. These never offered us any violence, nor once shunned our sight ; but passed along in our company without fear, in a peaceable manner, wondering at the greatness of our ship, and beholding it on every side. At evening we arrived upon a small island, inhabited, as it seemed, only by women, which could speak the Greek language ; for they came unto us, gave us their hands, and saluted us, all attired like wantons, beautiful and young, wearing long mantles down to the foot : the island was called Cabbalusa and the city Hydramardia. So the women received us, and every one of them took aside one of us for herself, and made him her guest. But I pausing a little upon it (for my heart misgave me), looked narrowly round about, and saw the

242 AAH6OY2 IZTOP1AZ. B. 46.

xai TO p*ev /3ov/v icrTavai /ca/ rovg

e ra

pelv OVK

TroXXa, yvffipvjv (Liny S/a-

K raiv TraovTCM KUKCOV.

cr/ceXo; o^ yvvaiKog, aXX' ovot^ OTrXa^" Soy cnracrafAevos TO %i(j)0<; (7vXXa[A/3ava)

T TCLVTyv Kai <7a 7reC>/ roiv

Je, a/towa, Aev, eiTre

efoai

TrpoeayopevofAevas, Tpo-

7ri%eipov{Av TavTa eKevyv f&v MVTOV KCLI

TRUE HISTORY. 243

bones of many men, and the skulls lying together in a corner ; yet I thought not good to make any stir, or to call my company about me, or to put on arms ; but taking the mallow into my hand, made my earnest prayers thereto that I might escape out of those present perils. Within a while after, when the strange female came to wait upon me, I perceived she had not the legs of a woman, but the hoofs of an ass. Whereupon I drew my sword, and taking fast hold of her, bound her, and examined her upon the point: and she, though unwillingly, confessed that they were sea-women, called Onosceleans, and they fed upon strangers that travelled that way. For, said she, when we have made them drunk, we go to bed to them, and in their sleep, make a hand of them.

244 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIAZ. B. 47.

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TRUE HISTORY. 245

I hearing this, left her bound in the place where she was, and went up to the roof of the house, where I made an outcry, and called my company to me, and when they were come together, acquainted them with all that I had heard, and showed them the bones, and brought them into her that was bound, who suddenly was turned into water, and could not be seen. Notwithstanding, I thrust my sword into the water to see what would come of it, and it was changed into blood.

Then we made all the haste we could to our ship, and got us away, and as soon as it was clear day, we had sight of the mainland, which we judged to be the country opposite to our continent. Whereupon we worshipped, and made our prayers, and took council what was now to be done. Some thought it best only to

246 AAH6OY2 I2TOPIA2. B. 47.

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TRUE HISTORY. 247

go a-land and so return back again : others thought it better to leave our ship there and march into the mid-land to try what the inhabitants would do : but whilst we were upon this consultation a violent storm fell upon us, which drave our ship against the shore, and burst it all in pieces, and with much ado we all swam to land with our arms, every man catching what he could lay hands on.

These are all the occurrences I can ac- quaint you withal, till the time of our land- ing, both in the sea, and in our course to the islands, and in the air, and after that in the whale ; and when we came out again what betid unto us among the Heroes and among the dreams, and lastly among the Bucephalians and the Onosceleans. What passed upon land the next books shall deliver.

UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FAC

A 000 678 077

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 In ''True History'', Lucian and a company of adventuring heroes sailing westward through the [[Pillars of Hercules]] (the [[Strait of Gibraltar]]) in order to explore lands and inhabitants beyond the Ocean, are blown off course by a strong wind, and after 79 days come to an island. This island is home to a river of wine filled with fish, and bears a marker indicating that [[Heracles]] and [[Dionysos]] have traveled to this point, along with normal footprints and giant footprints.
-Shortly after leaving the island, they are lifted up by a giant waterspout and deposited on the [[Moon]] on the eighth day. There they find themselves embroiled in a full-scale war between the king of the Moon and the king of the [[Sun]] over colonisation of the Morning Star, involving armies which boast such exotica as stalk-and-mushroom men, acorn-dogs ("dog-faced men fighting on winged acorns"), and cloud-centaurs. Unusually, the Sun, Moon, stars and planets are portrayed as locales, each with its unique geographic details and inhabitants. The War is finally won by the Sun's armies clouding the moon over. Details of the moon follows, there are no women, and children grow inside the [[calf]] of men.
+Shortly after leaving the island, they are lifted up by a giant waterspout and deposited on the [[Moon]] on the eighth day. There they find themselves embroiled in a full-scale war between the king of the Moon and the king of the [[Sun]] over colonisation of the Morning Star, involving armies which boast such exotica as stalk-and-mushroom men, acorn-dogs ("dog-faced men fighting on winged acorns"), and cloud-centaurs. Unusually, the Sun, Moon, stars and planets are portrayed as locales, each with its unique geographic details and inhabitants. The War is finally won by the Sun's armies clouding the moon over. Details of the moon follows, there are no women, and children grow inside the [[Calf (anatomy)|calf]] of men.
 After returning to the Earth, the adventurers become trapped in a giant [[whale]]; inside the 200-mile-long animal, there live many groups of people whom they rout in war. They also reach a sea of milk, an island of cheese and the [[isle of the blessed]]. There, he meets the heroes of the [[Trojan War]], other mythical men and animals, and even [[Homer]]. They find [[Herodotus]] being eternally punished for the "lies" he published in his [[Histories (Herodotus)|Histories]].

A True Story

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Revision as of 19:39, 8 January 2012

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