Steven Runciman
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| - | The so-called '''Gesta Francorum''' ("The Deeds of the Franks") or in full ''Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum'' ("The deeds of the Franks and the other pilgrims to Jerusalem") is a [[Latin]] [[chronicle]] of the [[First Crusade]] written in [[circa]] 1100-1101 by an anonymous author connected with [[Bohemond I of Antioch]]. | ||
| - | It narrates the events of the First Crusade from the inception in November 1095 to the [[Battle of Ascalon]] in August 1099. The name of the author is unknown, but he was a member of the crusading party, either [[Normans | Norman]] or [[Italy|Italian]], recruited by [[Bohemond I of Antioch|Bohemond of Taranto]] in 1096 from the [[duchy]] of [[Apulia]]. His narrative of the trip to Jerusalem, initially under the leadership of Bohemond and then [[Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse|Raymond of Toulouse]], was composed and written during the journey. He had the help of a scribe who made occasional edits of his own, and thus the chronicle provides invaluable viewpoints of a knight who was not a high level leader or cleric. | + | '''Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman''', [[Order of the Companions of Honour|CH]], [[British Academy|FBA]] (7 July 1903 – 1 November 2000), known as '''Steven Runciman''', was an English historian best known for his three-volume ''[[A History of the Crusades]]'' (1951–54). |
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| - | The most important historical contribution is the day-to-day events of the journey: tactical operations, provisionings, changing moods of the crusaders, the anti-Greek prejudice, progress of each day. | + | |
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| - | To his literary contemporaries, the anonymous author was a "rustic". [[Guibert of Nogent]] wrote his ''[[Dei gesta per Francos]]'' (1108) based on it, saying the original "frequently left the reader stunned with its insipid vacuity". [[Robert the Monk]] of [[Rheims]] was later commissioned to re-write the entire work for literary and historical improvements while [[Baudri of Dol]] also later re-wrote a version of "this rustic little work". However the original has persisted and today it remains one of the most valuable contemporary sources of the First Crusade. | + | |
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| - | [[Steven Runciman]] writes of the ''Gesta'': | + | |
| - | : .... the author was a simple soldier, honest according to his lights but credulous and prejudiced and a strong admirer of Bohemond .... who hawked it round Northern France during his visit there in 1106. .... it was republished by Tudebod .... and about 1130 in the ''Historia Belli Sacri'', a clumsy compilation using other sources eg Radulph of Caen. .... The ''Gesta'' was several times rewritten; in about 1109 by Guibert of Nogent, who added personal information and borrowed from Fulcher and who aimed at a more critical and moral tone; in about 1110 by Baudri of Bourgueil, Archbishop of Dol, who sort to improve its literary style; and by [[Robert of Rheims]], whose popular and somewhat romantic version, the ''Historia Hierosolymitana'', appeared in about 1122. It also inspired a short anonymous ''Expeditio contra Turcos'', and the chapters on the Crusades in the chronicles of Hugh of Fleury and Henry of Huntington. | + | |
| + | His three-volume history has had a profound impact on common conceptions of the [[Crusades]], primarily portraying the Crusaders negatively and the Muslims favourably. Runciman was a strong admirer of the [[Byzantine Empire]], and consequently held a bias against the Crusaders for the [[Fourth Crusade]] evident in his work. While praised by older crusade historians as a storyteller and prose stylist, he is viewed as biased by some contemporary historians.{{sfn|Andrea| Holt|2015|p=22, 23}} | ||
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Sir James Cochran Stevenson Runciman, CH, FBA (7 July 1903 – 1 November 2000), known as Steven Runciman, was an English historian best known for his three-volume A History of the Crusades (1951–54).
His three-volume history has had a profound impact on common conceptions of the Crusades, primarily portraying the Crusaders negatively and the Muslims favourably. Runciman was a strong admirer of the Byzantine Empire, and consequently held a bias against the Crusaders for the Fourth Crusade evident in his work. While praised by older crusade historians as a storyteller and prose stylist, he is viewed as biased by some contemporary historians.Template:Sfn
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