Spread of Islam
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| + | "The cause of the break with the tradition of antiquity was the rapid and unexpected [[Spread of Islam|advance of Islam]]. The result of this advance was the [[East–West Schism|final separation of East from West]], and the end of the [[Mediterranean]] unity. Countries like Africa and Spain, which had always been parts of the Western community, gravitated henceforth in the orbit of Baghdad. In these countries another religion made its appearance, and an entirely different culture. The Western Mediterranean, having become a Musulman lake, was no longer the thoroughfare of commerce and of thought which it had always been." --''[[Mohammed and Charlemagne]]'' (1922) by Henri Pirenne | ||
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| - | The '''Spread of Islam''' started shortly after the death of the [[Prophets of Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]] in [[632]]. During his lifetime, the community of Muslims, the ''[[ummah]]'', was established in the [[Arabian Peninsula]] by means of conversion to [[Islam]] and conquering of territory. In the first centuries [[conversion to Islam]] followed the rapid growth of the [[Muslim world]] under the [[Rashidun Empire|Rashidun]] and [[Umayyad]] [[Caliphs]]. | + | Muslim conquests following [[Muhammad]]'s death led to the creation of the [[caliphate]]s, occupying a vast geographical area; [[conversion to Islam]] was boosted by [[Islamic missionary activity|missionary activities]], particularly those of [[Imams]], who intermingled with local populations to propagate the [[religious]] teachings. These early [[caliphate]]s, coupled with [[Islamic economics in the world|Muslim economics and trading]] and the later expansion of the [[Ottoman Empire]], resulted in Islam's spread outwards from [[Mecca]] towards both the [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] and [[Pacific Ocean|Pacific]] Oceans and the creation of the [[Muslim world]]. [[Islamic economics in the world|Trading]] played an important role in the spread of [[Islam]] in several parts of the world, notably [[Islam in Indonesia|Indian traders in southeast Asia]]. |
| - | Muslim dynasties were soon established and subsequent empires such as those of the [[Abbasids]], [[Almoravids]], [[Seljukids|Seljuk Turks]], [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]] in India and [[Safavid]]s in [[Persia]] and [[Ottoman empire|Ottomans]] were among the largest and most powerful in the world. The Islamic world was composed of numerous sophisticated centers of culture and science with far-reaching mercantile networks, travelers, scientists, astronomers, mathematicians, doctors and [[Islamic philosophy|philosophers]], all of whom contributed to the [[Golden Age of Islam]]. | + | [[List of Muslim dynasties|Muslim dynasties]] were soon established and subsequent empires such as those of the [[Abbasids]], [[Fatimids]], [[Almoravids]], [[Seljukids]], [[Ajuran Sultanate|Ajuran]], [[Adal Sultanate|Adal]] and [[Warsangali Empire|Warsangali]] in [[Somalia]], [[Delhi Sultanate|Delhi]], [[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarat]], [[Malwa Sultanate|Malwa]], [[Deccan sultanates|Deccan]], [[Bahmani Sultanate|Bahmani]], and [[Bengal Sultanate|Bengal Sultanate]]s, [[Mughal Empire|Mughals]], [[Kingdom of Mysore|Mysore]], [[Nizam of Hyderabad|Nizams]], and [[Nawabs of Bengal and Murshidabad|Nawabs of Bengal]] in the [[Indian subcontinent]], [[Safavid]]s in [[Persia]] and [[Ottoman empire|Ottomans]] in [[Anatolia]] were among the largest and most powerful in the world. The people of the Islamic world created numerous sophisticated centers of culture and science with far-reaching mercantile networks, travelers, scientists, hunters, mathematicians, physicians, and [[Islamic philosophy|philosophers]], all contributing to the [[Golden Age of Islam]]. Islamic expansion in South and East Asia fostered cosmopolitan and eclectic Muslim cultures in the Indian subcontinent, [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]] and [[China]]. |
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| + | As of 2015, there were 1.6 billion Muslims, with one out of four people in the world being Muslim, making Islam the [[major religious groups|second-largest religion in the world]]. Out of children born from 2010 to 2015, 31% were Muslim. | ||
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| + | == See also == | ||
| + | * [[Muslim population growth]] | ||
| + | * [[Islamization]] | ||
| + | * [[History of Islam]] | ||
| + | * [[Converts to Islam]] | ||
| + | * [[Conversion to Islam in U.S. prisons]] | ||
| + | * [[Religious conversion]] | ||
| + | * [[Islamism]] | ||
| + | * [[List of converts to Islam]] | ||
| + | * [[Muslim conquests]] | ||
| + | * [[Islamic missionary activity]] | ||
| + | * [[Muslim world]] | ||
| + | * [[Islam by country]] | ||
| - | The activities of this quasi-political early [[ummah]] resulted in the spread of Islam as far from [[Mecca]] as [[China]] and [[Indonesia]], the latter containing the world's largest Muslim population. Today there are between 1.1 billion and 1.9 billion Muslims, making Islam the [[major religious groups|second-largest religion in the world]]. | ||
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"The cause of the break with the tradition of antiquity was the rapid and unexpected advance of Islam. The result of this advance was the final separation of East from West, and the end of the Mediterranean unity. Countries like Africa and Spain, which had always been parts of the Western community, gravitated henceforth in the orbit of Baghdad. In these countries another religion made its appearance, and an entirely different culture. The Western Mediterranean, having become a Musulman lake, was no longer the thoroughfare of commerce and of thought which it had always been." --Mohammed and Charlemagne (1922) by Henri Pirenne |
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Muslim conquests following Muhammad's death led to the creation of the caliphates, occupying a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by missionary activities, particularly those of Imams, who intermingled with local populations to propagate the religious teachings. These early caliphates, coupled with Muslim economics and trading and the later expansion of the Ottoman Empire, resulted in Islam's spread outwards from Mecca towards both the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the creation of the Muslim world. Trading played an important role in the spread of Islam in several parts of the world, notably Indian traders in southeast Asia.
Muslim dynasties were soon established and subsequent empires such as those of the Abbasids, Fatimids, Almoravids, Seljukids, Ajuran, Adal and Warsangali in Somalia, Delhi, Gujarat, Malwa, Deccan, Bahmani, and Bengal Sultanates, Mughals, Mysore, Nizams, and Nawabs of Bengal in the Indian subcontinent, Safavids in Persia and Ottomans in Anatolia were among the largest and most powerful in the world. The people of the Islamic world created numerous sophisticated centers of culture and science with far-reaching mercantile networks, travelers, scientists, hunters, mathematicians, physicians, and philosophers, all contributing to the Golden Age of Islam. Islamic expansion in South and East Asia fostered cosmopolitan and eclectic Muslim cultures in the Indian subcontinent, Malaysia, Indonesia and China.
As of 2015, there were 1.6 billion Muslims, with one out of four people in the world being Muslim, making Islam the second-largest religion in the world. Out of children born from 2010 to 2015, 31% were Muslim.
See also
- Muslim population growth
- Islamization
- History of Islam
- Converts to Islam
- Conversion to Islam in U.S. prisons
- Religious conversion
- Islamism
- List of converts to Islam
- Muslim conquests
- Islamic missionary activity
- Muslim world
- Islam by country
