William Shakespeare
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| Shakespeare is [[Bowdlerization |bowdlerized]] between 1807 and 1818 when ''[[The Family Shakespeare]]'' is published, expurgating "those words and expressions... which cannot with propriety be read aloud in a [[family]]." | Shakespeare is [[Bowdlerization |bowdlerized]] between 1807 and 1818 when ''[[The Family Shakespeare]]'' is published, expurgating "those words and expressions... which cannot with propriety be read aloud in a [[family]]." | ||
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| - | "We do not know whether the [[humanities|study of the humanities]], of the noblest that has been said and thought, can do very much to [[humanize]]. We do not know; and surely there is something rather terrible in our doubt whether the study and delight a man finds in [[William Shakespeare |Shakespeare]] make him any less capable of organizing a [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]]." --"[[To Civilize Our Gentlemen]]" (1967) by George Steiner | + | "We do not know whether the [[humanities|study of the humanities]], of the noblest that has been said and thought, can do very much to [[humanize]]. We do not know; and surely there is something rather terrible in our doubt whether the study and delight a man finds in [[William Shakespeare |Shakespeare]] make him any less capable of organizing a [[Nazi concentration camps|concentration camp]]." --"[[To Civilize Our Gentlemen]]" (1965) by George Steiner |
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| [[Image:Chimpanzee Typing (1907) - New York Zoological Society.jpg|thumb|200px|Given enough time, a [[chimpanzee]] punching at [[random]] on a [[typewriter]] would [[almost surely]] type out all of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare's]] plays. | [[Image:Chimpanzee Typing (1907) - New York Zoological Society.jpg|thumb|200px|Given enough time, a [[chimpanzee]] punching at [[random]] on a [[typewriter]] would [[almost surely]] type out all of [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare's]] plays. | ||
Revision as of 09:01, 19 August 2019
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Shakespeare is bowdlerized between 1807 and 1818 when The Family Shakespeare is published, expurgating "those words and expressions... which cannot with propriety be read aloud in a family." "We do not know whether the study of the humanities, of the noblest that has been said and thought, can do very much to humanize. We do not know; and surely there is something rather terrible in our doubt whether the study and delight a man finds in Shakespeare make him any less capable of organizing a concentration camp." --"To Civilize Our Gentlemen" (1965) by George Steiner |
Photo: Chimpanzee Typing (1907) - New York Zoological Society
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William Shakespeare (baptised April 26 1564 – died April 23 1616) was an English poet and playwright widely regarded as the greatest writer of the English language, and as the world's preeminent dramatist. However, the playwright and critic George Bernard Shaw mocked the cult of Shakespeare worship as "bardolatry". He claimed that the new naturalism of Ibsen's plays had made Shakespeare obsolete.
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Nobrow
Although William Shakespeare and by extension theater itself is now a highbrow form, this was not so until the nineteenth century. Historian Lawrence Levine articulated Shakespeare's popularity shift this way: "By the turn of the nineteenth century, Shakespeare had been converted from a popular playwright whose dramas were the property of all those who flocked to see them, into a sacred author who had to be protected from ignorant audiences and overbearing actors threatening the integrity of his creations."
Authorship
Around 150 years after Shakespeare's death, doubts began to emerge about the authorship of Shakespeare's works. Alternative candidates proposed include Francis Bacon, Christopher Marlowe, and Edward de Vere, the Earl of Oxford. Although all alternative candidates are almost universally rejected in academic circles, popular interest in the subject, particularly the Oxfordian theory, has continued into the 21st century.
Canonical plays
The plays are here according to the order in which they are given in the First Folio of 1623. Plays marked with an asterisk (*) are now commonly referred to as the 'romances'. Plays marked with two asterisks (**) are sometimes referred to as the 'problem plays'.
Comedies
- The Tempest *
- The Two Gentlemen of Verona
- The Merry Wives of Windsor
- Measure for Measure **
- The Comedy of Errors
- Much Ado About Nothing
- Love's Labour's Lost
- A Midsummer Night's Dream
- The Merchant of Venice **
- As You Like It
- The Taming of the Shrew
- All's Well That Ends Well **
- Twelfth Night
- The Winter's Tale *
- Pericles, Prince of Tyre * (not included in the First Folio)
- The Two Noble Kinsmen * (not included in the First Folio)
Histories
- King John
- Richard II
- Henry IV, Part 1
- Henry IV, Part 2
- Henry V
- Henry VI, Part 1
- Henry VI, Part 2
- Henry VI, Part 3
- Richard III
- Henry VIII
Tragedies
- Troilus and Cressida **
- Coriolanus
- Titus Andronicus
- Romeo and Juliet
- Timon of Athens
- Julius Caesar
- Macbeth
- Hamlet
- King Lear
- Othello
- Antony and Cleopatra
- Cymbeline*
See also
