Rif War
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The Rif War was an armed conflict fought from 1920 to 1927 between the colonial power Spain (later joined by France) and the Berber tribes of the Rif mountainous region of Morocco. Led by Abd el-Krim, the Riffians at first inflicted several defeats on the Spanish forces by using guerrilla tactics and captured European weapons. After France's military intervention against Abd el-Krim's forces and the major landing of Spanish troops at Al Hoceima, considered the first amphibious landing in history to involve the use of tanks and aircraft, Abd el-Krim surrendered to the French and was taken into exile.
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See also
- Zaian War, the 1914–21 conflict between the French and Berber tribesmen in Morocco.
- Chemical weapons in the Rif War
- Alleged British use of chemical weapons in Mesopotamia in 1920
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