Personality
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| - | [[Image:Napoléon Bonaparte abdicated in Fontainebleau.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Napoléon Bonaparte abdicated in Fontainebleau]]'' (1845) by Paul Delaroche]] | + | [[Image:The Heart Has Its Reasons by Odilon Redon.jpg |thumb|right|200px|[[The Heart Has Its Reasons]] (c.[[1887]]) by [[Odilon Redon]], a phrase from the ''[[Pensées]]'' by [[Blaise Pascal]] |
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| + | "[[The heart has its reasons, of which reason knows nothing]]." | ||
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| '''Personality''' is defined as the characteristic sets of [[behavior]]s, [[cognition]]s, and [[emotion]]al patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. While there is no generally agreed upon definition of personality, most theories focus on [[motivation]] and [[psychological]] interactions with one's environment. Trait-based personality theories, such as those defined by [[Raymond Cattell]], define personality as the traits that predict a person's behavior. On the other hand, more behaviorally-based approaches define personality through learning and [[habit]]s. Nevertheless, most theories view personality as relatively stable. | '''Personality''' is defined as the characteristic sets of [[behavior]]s, [[cognition]]s, and [[emotion]]al patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. While there is no generally agreed upon definition of personality, most theories focus on [[motivation]] and [[psychological]] interactions with one's environment. Trait-based personality theories, such as those defined by [[Raymond Cattell]], define personality as the traits that predict a person's behavior. On the other hand, more behaviorally-based approaches define personality through learning and [[habit]]s. Nevertheless, most theories view personality as relatively stable. | ||
Revision as of 18:26, 17 January 2021
"The heart has its reasons, of which reason knows nothing."
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Personality is defined as the characteristic sets of behaviors, cognitions, and emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. While there is no generally agreed upon definition of personality, most theories focus on motivation and psychological interactions with one's environment. Trait-based personality theories, such as those defined by Raymond Cattell, define personality as the traits that predict a person's behavior. On the other hand, more behaviorally-based approaches define personality through learning and habits. Nevertheless, most theories view personality as relatively stable.
The study of the psychology of personality, called personality psychology, attempts to explain the tendencies that underlie differences in behavior. Many approaches have been taken on to study personality, including biological, cognitive, learning and trait-based theories, as well as psychodynamic, and humanistic approaches. Personality psychology is divided among the first theorists, with a few influential theories being posited by Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Gordon Allport, Hans Eysenck, Abraham Maslow, and Carl Rogers.
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Personality commonly refers to:
- Personality psychology, the theory and study of individual differences, traits, and types
- Personality trait theory, attributes by which people may vary in relative terms
Personality may also be discussed in the context of:
- Personality disorders, a class of mental disorders that is characterized by long-lasting rigid patterns of thought and actions
- Personality pathology, characterized by adaptive inflexibility, vicious cycles of maladaptive behavior, and emotional instability under stress
- Personality quiz or Personality test, a series of questions (usually multiple-choice, rating scale, or True/False) intended to describe aspects of an individual's character, thoughts, and feelings
- Personality type, refers to patterns of relatively enduring characteristics of behavior that occur with sufficient frequency as to be grouped into one member of a set of types. Personality typology approaches promote the concept that people cluster into common patterns of emotional, attitudinal, and behavioral reactions.
- Personality change is the concept that although personality may have some stability throughout the lifespan, some individuals may undergo substantial alteration of their characteristic patterns of adapting to their social and personal environments. See for example, Caspi, A. & Roberts, B. W. (1999). Personality change and continuity across the life course. In L. A. Pervin & O. P. John, Handbook of Personality Theory and Research (Vol. 2, pp. 300 - 326). New York: Guilford Press.
Sociology
- Cult of personality, political institution in which a leader uses mass media to create a larger-than-life public image
- Personality rights, consisting of the right to individual publicity and privacy
- Personality changes, personalities can change depending on what the person witnessed
Literature
- Personality (novel) (2003), by Andrew O'Hagan
- Personality and Individual Differences, a scientific journal published bi-monthly by Elsevier
Media
Show business
- Cult of Personality (song), a song by Living Colour
See also
- Trait
- Big Five personality traits
- Antisocial personality disorder
- Personality disorder
- Narcissistic Personality Disorder
- Borderline personality disorder
- Horror-of-personality
- Histrionic personality disorder
- Sadistic personality disorder
- Personality types
