Hofstad Network
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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"Omdat Nederland nog geen grote aanslagen heeft meegemaakt, heerst bij menigeen het idee: het valt in dit land wel mee. Is dat naïef?" "Ja. De jihadistische beweging groeit nog steeds. De ronselnetwerken, de logistieke netwerken: alles is nog volledig intact. Gelukkig is de AIVD veel beter dan veel mensen denken, weet ik uit eigen ervaring. Maar het kan wel degelijk misgaan. En onze samenleving is door de polarisering op een punt gekomen dat een aanslag een geweldsspiraal in gang kan zetten. De ene extremistische beweging lokt de andere uit." --Jason Walters interviewed in FD[1] on 22/2/2019 |
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The Hofstad Network was a group of mostly young Dutch persons, mainly North African ancestry, which Interpol had described as a terrorist organization. The name "Hofstad" was originally the codename the Dutch secret service AIVD used for the network and leaked to the media. The name likely refers to the nickname of the city of The Hague, where some of the suspected terrorists lived. The network was active throughout the 2000s.
The network was said to have links to networks in Spain and Belgium. Among their contacts was Abdeladim Akoudad, also known as Naoufel, one of the suspects of the 2003 Casablanca bombings. The group was influenced by the ideology of Takfir wal-Hijra, a militant offshoot of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. Redouan al-Issar, also known as "The Syrian", was the suspected spiritual leader of the group. Most media attention was attracted by Mohammed Bouyeri, sentenced to life imprisonment for murdering Dutch film director Theo van Gogh in 2004 and by Samir Azzouz, suspected of planning terrorist attacks on the Dutch parliament and several strategic targets such as the national airport and a nuclear reactor. The group was also suspected of planning to kill several members of government and parliament.
History
The Dutch General Intelligence and Security Service AIVD dubbed the group Hofstad Network for internal purposes in the fall of 2002. The name was first publicly used by the Dutch Prosecutor's Office on 10 November 2004, after a police raid in the Antheunisstraat in The Hague.
On 14 October 2003, Samir Azzouz, Ismail Akhnikh, Jason Walters and Redouan al-Issar were put under arrest for planning a (according to the AIVD) "terrorist attack in the Netherlands", but were released soon after. Azzouz was eventually tried in this case, but acquitted for lack of evidence in 2005: he did possess what he thought to be a home-made bomb, but having used the wrong type of fertilizer the device would never have exploded.
Shortly after the murder of Theo van Gogh by Mohammed Bouyeri in November 2004, the organization gained attention from national media when an attempt to arrest suspected members Jason Walters and Ismail Akhnikh led to a 14-hour siege of a house in The Hague. During these events, the name Hofstad Network became public and the media has continued to use this moniker to refer to the organization. In the months after the siege, a number of other suspected members of the organization were arrested. On 5 December 2005, the Hofstad court case against 14 suspected members started.
On 10 March, the court convicted nine of the 14 suspects of being a member of a criminal terrorist organisation. The other five suspected members were acquitted of this charge.
In the meantime, Samir Azzouz, Jermaine Walters—suspected but not incarcerated—and another 5 members were arrested on suspicion of preparing an attack against (yet unnamed) national politicians and the building of the General Intelligence and Security Agency AIVD on 14 October 2005. In this separate case Nouredine el Fahtni is also a suspect.
On 1 December 2005, Samir Azzouz was sentenced to nine years in prison.
Members
- Mohammed Bouyeri,
Born 1978; suspected leader of the group; convicted to a life sentence without parole for the murder of Dutch filmmaker Theo van Gogh.
- Redouan al-Issar, Template:A.k.a. "The Syrian", a.k.a. sheik Abu Khaled
Born sometime between 1955 and 1965; suspected spiritual leader of the group; currently wanted by Dutch authorities for his role in the network; possibly incarcerated in Syria.
- Samir Azzouz
Born 1986; tried and acquitted of planning terrorist attacks in 2004; currently also a suspect in a second case of terrorist activity, together with Nouredine el Fahtni. Sentenced to 9 years' imprisonment.
- Jason Walters, a.k.a. Abu Mujahied Amriki
Born 1985; threw a hand grenade when police attempted to arrest him and Ismail Akhnikh, causing a 14-hour siege of their house in The Hague in November 2004; brother of Jermaine. Sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment. The appeals court upheld the verdict.
- Ismaël Akhnikh, a.k.a. Suhaib
Born 1983; arrested after a 14-hour police siege in The Hague. Sentenced to 13 years' imprisonment.
- Mohammed Fahmi Boughabe, a.k.a. Abu Mussab
- Nouredine el Fahtni,
Carried a loaded machine gun at the time of his arrest, possibly on his way to kill politicians Geert Wilders and/or Ayaan Hirsi Ali; arrested in the summer of 2004 on suspicion of plotting an attack on then prime minister Barroso; currently also a suspect in a second case of terrorist activity, together with Samir Azzouz. Sentenced to 5 years' imprisonment, acquitted by the appeals court.
- Jermaine Walters
Born 1986; brother of Jason, acquitted.
- Yousef Ettoumi, nicknamed "Semi" and "Bommetje" (little bomb). Sentenced to one year's imprisonment, acquitted by the appeals court.
- Ahmed Hamdi, sentenced to 2 years' imprisonment, acquitted by the appeals court.
- Zine Labidine Aourghe, sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment, the appeals court upheld the verdict.
- Mohamed el Morabit, sentenced to 2 years' imprisonment, acquitted by the appeals court.
- Nadir Adarraf, acquitted
- Zakaria Taybi, acquitted
- Rashid Boussana
- Mohamed el Bousklaoui, acquitted
- Racid Belkacem, acquitted
- Mohamed Boughaba, sentenced to 18 months' imprisonment, acquitted by the appeals court.
See also
