Flight to Varennes
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| - | '''Émigré''' is a [[French language|French]] term that literally refers to a person who has "migrated out," but often carries a connotation of politico-social self-[[exile]]. | + | The '''Flight to Varennes''' ([[June 20]]-[[June 21|21]], [[1791]]) was a significant episode in the [[French Revolution]] during which King [[Louis XVI of France]] and his immediate family were unsuccessful in their attempt to escape, disguised as the servants of a Russian baroness, from the radical agitation of the [[Jacobin Club|Jacobins]] in [[Paris]]. Their destination was the fortress town of [[Montmédy]] in northeastern France, a [[Monarchism|Royalist]] stronghold from which the King hoped to initiate a [[counter-revolution]]. This represented a turning point after which popular hostility towards the [[monarchy]] as an institution, as well as towards [[Louis XVI of France|Louis XVI]] and [[Marie Antoinette of France|Marie Antoinette]] as individuals, became more pronounced. They were only able to make it as far as [[Varennes]]. |
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| - | The French Protestants ([[Huguenot]]s), who were forced to leave France, following the [[Edict of Fontainebleau|Revocation of the Edict of Nantes]], settled in bordering countries, which they sought to use as a base for counterrevolution. | + | |
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| - | After the [[Storming of the Bastille]], King [[Louis XVI of France]] directed several of the most conservative members of his court to leave the country for fear that they might be assassinated. Among this first group of émigrés were the king’s youngest brother, the [[Charles X of France|Comte d'Artois]], and Queen [[Marie Antoinette]]'s best friend, the [[Gabrielle de Polastron, duchesse de Polignac|Duchesse de Polignac]]. Later, in coordination with the king's [[Flight to Varennes|failed attempt to escape Paris]], the king's other brother, the [[Louis XVIII of France|Comte de Provence]], also emigrated. | + | |
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| - | [[Karl Marx|Marx]] and [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]], in setting out the strategy for future revolutions in ''[[The Communist Manifesto]]'', included the provision that the property of émigrés should be confiscated and used to finance the revolution — a recommendation followed by the [[Bolsheviks]] seventy years later. | + | |
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| - | The October Revolution brought over 20,000 Russian emigrants to [[Finland]]. Many of these however moved on to France, [[Paris]] being the favorite destination for Russian émigrés. | + | |
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| - | Unlike ''émigré'', the term ''[[exile]]'' remains politically neutral and includes people from whatever side of the political spectrum who had to leave their homeland, often for political reasons, and who wish to return. | + | |
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| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[White Emigre]] | + | *''[[ That Night in Varennes]]'' (1982) by Ettore Scola |
| - | * [[exile]] | + | |
| - | * [[refugee]] | + | |
| - | * [[Deportation|deportee]] | + | |
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The Flight to Varennes (June 20-21, 1791) was a significant episode in the French Revolution during which King Louis XVI of France and his immediate family were unsuccessful in their attempt to escape, disguised as the servants of a Russian baroness, from the radical agitation of the Jacobins in Paris. Their destination was the fortress town of Montmédy in northeastern France, a Royalist stronghold from which the King hoped to initiate a counter-revolution. This represented a turning point after which popular hostility towards the monarchy as an institution, as well as towards Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette as individuals, became more pronounced. They were only able to make it as far as Varennes.
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See also
- That Night in Varennes (1982) by Ettore Scola
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