Flemish people
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| The '''Flemish''' or '''Flemings''' (Vlamingen) are a [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] [[ethnic group]] native to [[Flanders]], in modern [[Belgium]], who speak [[Dutch language|Dutch]], especially any of its dialects spoken in historical Flanders, known collectively as [[Flemish Dutch]]. They are one of two principal [[ethnic groups]] in [[Belgium]], the other being the [[French language|French-speaking]] [[Walloons]]. Flemish people make up the majority of the Belgian population (about 60%). Historically, all inhabitants of the medieval [[County of Flanders]] were referred to as "Flemings", irrespective of the language spoken. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval [[duchy of Brabant]] and the medieval [[county of Loon]]. | The '''Flemish''' or '''Flemings''' (Vlamingen) are a [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] [[ethnic group]] native to [[Flanders]], in modern [[Belgium]], who speak [[Dutch language|Dutch]], especially any of its dialects spoken in historical Flanders, known collectively as [[Flemish Dutch]]. They are one of two principal [[ethnic groups]] in [[Belgium]], the other being the [[French language|French-speaking]] [[Walloons]]. Flemish people make up the majority of the Belgian population (about 60%). Historically, all inhabitants of the medieval [[County of Flanders]] were referred to as "Flemings", irrespective of the language spoken. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval [[duchy of Brabant]] and the medieval [[county of Loon]]. | ||
| ==Flemish consciousness== | ==Flemish consciousness== | ||
| - | '''Flemish consciousness''' of their [[national identity]] grew through the events and experiences of war. The German occupying authorities, under Von Bissing and influenced by pre-war [[Pan-Germanism]], viewed the Flemish as an oppressed people and launched a policy to appeal to the demands of the [[Flemish Movement]] which had emerged in the late 19th century. These measures were collectively known as the ''[[Flamenpolitik]]'' ("Flemish Policy"). From 1916, the Germans sponsored the creation of "[[Von Bissing University]]" which was the first university that taught in Dutch language. Dutch was also introduced as the language of instruction in all state-supported schools in Flanders in 1918. The German measures split the Movement between the "activists" or "maximalists", who believed that using German support was their only chance to realize their objectives, and the "passivists" who opposed German involvement. In 1917, the Germans created the ''[[Raad van Vlaanderen (World War I)|Raad van Vlaanderen]]'' ("Council of Flanders") as a quasi autonomous government in Flanders composed of "activists". In December 1917, the council attempted to achieve Flemish independence from Belgium but the defeat of Germany in the war meant that they never achieved success. After the war, many "activists" were arrested for collaboration. | + | '''Flemish consciousness''' of their [[national identity]] grew through the events and experiences of [[Belgium in World War I]]. The German occupying authorities, under Von Bissing and influenced by pre-war [[Pan-Germanism]], viewed the Flemish as an oppressed people and launched a policy to appeal to the demands of the [[Flemish Movement]] which had emerged in the late 19th century. These measures were collectively known as the ''[[Flamenpolitik]]'' ("Flemish Policy"). From 1916, the Germans sponsored the creation of "[[Von Bissing University]]" which was the first university that taught in Dutch language. Dutch was also introduced as the language of instruction in all state-supported schools in Flanders in 1918. The German measures split the Movement between the "activists" or "maximalists", who believed that using German support was their only chance to realize their objectives, and the "passivists" who opposed German involvement. In 1917, the Germans created the ''[[Raad van Vlaanderen (World War I)|Raad van Vlaanderen]]'' ("Council of Flanders") as a quasi autonomous government in Flanders composed of "activists". In December 1917, the council attempted to achieve Flemish independence from Belgium but the defeat of Germany in the war meant that they never achieved success. After the war, many "activists" were arrested for collaboration. |
| Independently, among the Belgian soldiers on the Yser Front, the Flemish [[Frontpartij|''Frontbeweging'']] ("Front Movement") was formed from Flemish soldiers in the Belgian army to campaign for greater use of the Dutch language in education and government, although it was not separatist. Kossmann concludes that the German policy of fostering separatism in Flanders was a failure because it did not win popular support. | Independently, among the Belgian soldiers on the Yser Front, the Flemish [[Frontpartij|''Frontbeweging'']] ("Front Movement") was formed from Flemish soldiers in the Belgian army to campaign for greater use of the Dutch language in education and government, although it was not separatist. Kossmann concludes that the German policy of fostering separatism in Flanders was a failure because it did not win popular support. | ||
Revision as of 09:35, 6 December 2020
Photo: Antwerp quays in the South of Antwerp, at the former Zuidersluis
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The Flemish or Flemings (Vlamingen) are a Germanic ethnic group native to Flanders, in modern Belgium, who speak Dutch, especially any of its dialects spoken in historical Flanders, known collectively as Flemish Dutch. They are one of two principal ethnic groups in Belgium, the other being the French-speaking Walloons. Flemish people make up the majority of the Belgian population (about 60%). Historically, all inhabitants of the medieval County of Flanders were referred to as "Flemings", irrespective of the language spoken. The contemporary region of Flanders comprises a part of this historical county, as well as parts of the medieval duchy of Brabant and the medieval county of Loon.
Flemish consciousness
Flemish consciousness of their national identity grew through the events and experiences of Belgium in World War I. The German occupying authorities, under Von Bissing and influenced by pre-war Pan-Germanism, viewed the Flemish as an oppressed people and launched a policy to appeal to the demands of the Flemish Movement which had emerged in the late 19th century. These measures were collectively known as the Flamenpolitik ("Flemish Policy"). From 1916, the Germans sponsored the creation of "Von Bissing University" which was the first university that taught in Dutch language. Dutch was also introduced as the language of instruction in all state-supported schools in Flanders in 1918. The German measures split the Movement between the "activists" or "maximalists", who believed that using German support was their only chance to realize their objectives, and the "passivists" who opposed German involvement. In 1917, the Germans created the Raad van Vlaanderen ("Council of Flanders") as a quasi autonomous government in Flanders composed of "activists". In December 1917, the council attempted to achieve Flemish independence from Belgium but the defeat of Germany in the war meant that they never achieved success. After the war, many "activists" were arrested for collaboration.
Independently, among the Belgian soldiers on the Yser Front, the Flemish Frontbeweging ("Front Movement") was formed from Flemish soldiers in the Belgian army to campaign for greater use of the Dutch language in education and government, although it was not separatist. Kossmann concludes that the German policy of fostering separatism in Flanders was a failure because it did not win popular support.
See also
- De Vlaamse Leeuw
- Greater Netherlands
- Flemish Movement
- Flemish Region
- French Flemish
- Flemish Primitives
- Flemish Secession hoax
- Vlaanderen
