Greece
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| - | '''Greece''' is a country in [[Southern Europe]]. [[Athens]] is the nation's capital and largest city, followed by [[Thessaloniki]]. | + | '''Greece''' is a country in [[Southern Europe]]. |
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| - | Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Situated on the southern tip of the [[Balkan peninsula]], it shares land borders with [[Albania]] to the northwest, the [[Republic of Macedonia]] and [[Bulgaria]] to the north, and [[Turkey]] to the northeast. The [[Aegean Sea]] lies to the east of the [[Geography of Greece|mainland]], the [[Ionian Sea]] to the west, the [[Sea of Crete|Cretan Sea]] and the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the [[Mediterranean Basin]] and the [[list of countries by length of coastline|11th longest coastline in the world]] at {{convert|13676|km|0|abbr=on}} in length, featuring a large number of [[List of islands of Greece|islands]], of which 227 are inhabited. Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with [[Mount Olympus]] being the highest peak at {{convert|2918|m|ft}}. The country consists of nine [[geographic regions of Greece|geographic regions]]: [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]], [[Central Greece]], the [[Peloponnese]], [[Thessaly]], [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]], the [[Aegean Islands]] (including the [[Dodecanese]] and [[Cyclades]]), [[western Thrace|Thrace]], [[Crete]], and the [[Ionian Islands]]. | + | |
| Greece is considered the cradle of [[Western culture|Western civilization]], being the birthplace of [[Athenian democracy|democracy]], [[Western philosophy]], the [[Olympic Games]], [[Western literature]], [[historiography]], [[political science]], major [[History of science in classical antiquity|scientific]] and [[Greek mathematics|mathematical]] principles, and [[Drama|Western drama]]. From the eighth century BC, the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as ''[[polis]]'', which spanned the entire [[Mediterranean region]] and the [[Black Sea]]. [[Philip of Macedon]] united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC, with his son [[Alexander the Great]] [[Macedonian Empire|rapidly conquering much of the ancient world]], spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the [[Indus River]]. Greece was [[Roman Greece|annexed]] by [[Roman Republic|Rome]] in the second century BC, becoming an integral part of the [[Roman Empire]] and its successor, the [[Byzantine Empire]], wherein the Greek language and culture were dominant. The [[Greek Orthodox Church]] also shaped modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox World]]. Falling under [[Ottoman Greece|Ottoman dominion]] in the mid-15th century, the modern [[nation state]] of Greece emerged in 1830 following a [[Greek War of Independence|war of independence]]. Greece's rich historical legacy is reflected by its 18 [[List of World Heritage Sites in Greece|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]], among the [[Table of World Heritage Sites by country|most in Europe and the world]]. | Greece is considered the cradle of [[Western culture|Western civilization]], being the birthplace of [[Athenian democracy|democracy]], [[Western philosophy]], the [[Olympic Games]], [[Western literature]], [[historiography]], [[political science]], major [[History of science in classical antiquity|scientific]] and [[Greek mathematics|mathematical]] principles, and [[Drama|Western drama]]. From the eighth century BC, the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as ''[[polis]]'', which spanned the entire [[Mediterranean region]] and the [[Black Sea]]. [[Philip of Macedon]] united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC, with his son [[Alexander the Great]] [[Macedonian Empire|rapidly conquering much of the ancient world]], spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the [[Indus River]]. Greece was [[Roman Greece|annexed]] by [[Roman Republic|Rome]] in the second century BC, becoming an integral part of the [[Roman Empire]] and its successor, the [[Byzantine Empire]], wherein the Greek language and culture were dominant. The [[Greek Orthodox Church]] also shaped modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox World]]. Falling under [[Ottoman Greece|Ottoman dominion]] in the mid-15th century, the modern [[nation state]] of Greece emerged in 1830 following a [[Greek War of Independence|war of independence]]. Greece's rich historical legacy is reflected by its 18 [[List of World Heritage Sites in Greece|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]], among the [[Table of World Heritage Sites by country|most in Europe and the world]]. | ||
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Greece is heir to the heritages of ancient Greece, the Byzantine Empire, Greece has a particularly long and eventful history and a cultural heritage that both shaped and has been shaped by cultures throughout the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Europe. It is usually regarded as the birthplace of the first major democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, Western literature, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, and Western drama including both tragedy and comedy. |
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Greece is a country in Southern Europe.
Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilization, being the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, Western literature, historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, and Western drama. From the eighth century BC, the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states, known as polis, which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea. Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC, with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world, spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the Indus River. Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century BC, becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire, wherein the Greek language and culture were dominant. The Greek Orthodox Church also shaped modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World. Falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century, the modern nation state of Greece emerged in 1830 following a war of independence. Greece's rich historical legacy is reflected by its 18 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, among the most in Europe and the world.
Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life, and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001. It is also a member of numerous other international institutions, including the Council of Europe, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the World Trade Organization (WTO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF). Greece's unique cultural heritage, large tourism industry, prominent shipping sector and geostrategic importance{{efn|See: classify it as a middle power. It is the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor.
Ancient Greece
The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca. 1100 BC and the Dorian invasion, to 146 BC and the Roman conquest of Greece after the battle of Corinth. It is generally considered to be the seminal culture which provided the foundation of Western civilization. Greek culture had a powerful influence on the Roman Empire, which carried a version of it to many parts of Europe. The civilization of the ancient Greeks has been immensely influential on the language, politics, educational systems, philosophy, science, and arts, giving rise to the Renaissance in Western Europe and again resurgent during various neo-Classical revivals in 18th and 19th century Europe and the Americas.
Aristotle - Plato - Homer - El Greco - hetaera - Lais - Priapus Ado Kyrou Delacroix painted Greece on the Ruins of Missolonghi (1827). Giorgio de Chirico
