Board of directors
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | A '''board of directors''' is a group of people who jointly supervise the activities of an [[organization]], which can be either a for-profit [[business]], [[nonprofit organization]], or a [[government agency]]. Such a board's powers, duties, and responsibilities are determined by government [[regulations]] (including the jurisdiction's [[corporations law]]) and the organization's own [[constitution]] and [[bylaws]]. These authorities may specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and how often they are to meet. | ||
| - | '''''Putney Swope''''' is a 1969 [[Satire#Satire and Humor|satirical comedy]] film written and directed by [[Robert Downey Sr.]] and starring [[Arnold Johnson (actor)|Arnold Johnson]] as the title character, a black advertising executive. The film satirizes the [[advertising|advertising world]], the portrayal of [[race (human categorization)|race]] in [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood films]], the [[White supremacy|white power structure]], and the nature of [[Corporate crime|corporate corruption]]. | + | In an organization with voting members, the board is accountable to, and might be subordinate to, the organization's full membership, which usually vote for the members of the board. In a [[stock corporation]], non-executive directors are voted for by the [[shareholder]]s, with the board having ultimate responsibility for the management of the corporation. The board of directors appoints the [[chief executive officer]] of the corporation and sets out the overall strategic direction. In corporations with dispersed ownership, the identification and nomination of directors (that shareholders vote for or against) are often done by the board itself, leading to a high degree of self-perpetuation. In a [[non-stock corporation]] with no general voting membership, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution, and its members are sometimes chosen by the board itself.{{sfn|Robert|2011|p=9}} |
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| - | In 2016, the film was selected for preservation in the United States [[National Film Registry]] by the [[Library of Congress]] as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". | + | |
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| - | ==Plot== | + | |
| - | Putney Swope, the only black man on the executive board of an advertising firm, is accidentally put in charge after the sudden death of the [[Board of directors|chairman of the board]]: prevented by the company by-laws to vote for themselves, in a [[secret ballot]], most board members voted for the one person they thought could not win: Putney Swope. | + | |
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| - | Renaming the business "Truth and Soul, Inc.", Swope replaces all but one of the white employees with blacks and insists they no longer accept business from companies that produce [[alcohol (drug)|alcohol]], [[tobacco]] or [[toy guns]]. The success of the business draws unwanted attention from the United States government, which considers it "a threat to the [[national security]]". | + | |
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| - | ==Production== | + | |
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| - | In an interview on the [[DVD]] version of the film, Downey states that Arnold Johnson had great difficulty memorizing and saying his lines during the film shoot. Downey says he was not concerned because he had developed a plan to dub in his own voice to replace Johnson's. | + | |
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| - | Though the movie is in black-and-white, Truth and Soul's commercials are shown in color. | + | |
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| - | ==Release== | + | |
| - | The film opened on July 10, 1969 at Cinema II in New York City and grossed $32,281 in its first week. | + | |
| - | ==Legacy== | + | |
| - | The character Buck Swope (portrayed by [[Don Cheadle]]), from [[Paul Thomas Anderson]]'s ''[[Boogie Nights]]'', was named as an homage to this film. [[Robert Downey Sr.]] also made a small cameo in ''Boogie Nights'' as the owner of a recording studio. The character Wing Soney, a [[China|Chinese]] businessman, was the inspiration for Cosmo, the Chinese character throwing [[firecrackers]] during the drug deal scene. | + | |
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| - | [[Paul Thomas Anderson]], [[Louis C.K.]], and [[Jim Jarmusch]] have cited the film as an inspiration for their approach to filmmaking. | + | |
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| - | The song [[Shadrach (Beastie Boys song)|"Shadrach" ]] by the [[Beastie Boys]], from their 1989 album ''[[Paul's Boutique]]'', mentions the film in the lyric "Music for all and not just one people, and now we're gonna bust with the Putney Swope sequel". Dialogue from the film is sampled on the [[The Avalanches]]’ 2016 album ''[[Wildflower (The Avalanches album)|Wildflower]]''. | + | |
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Revision as of 09:10, 12 March 2020
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A board of directors is a group of people who jointly supervise the activities of an organization, which can be either a for-profit business, nonprofit organization, or a government agency. Such a board's powers, duties, and responsibilities are determined by government regulations (including the jurisdiction's corporations law) and the organization's own constitution and bylaws. These authorities may specify the number of members of the board, how they are to be chosen, and how often they are to meet.
In an organization with voting members, the board is accountable to, and might be subordinate to, the organization's full membership, which usually vote for the members of the board. In a stock corporation, non-executive directors are voted for by the shareholders, with the board having ultimate responsibility for the management of the corporation. The board of directors appoints the chief executive officer of the corporation and sets out the overall strategic direction. In corporations with dispersed ownership, the identification and nomination of directors (that shareholders vote for or against) are often done by the board itself, leading to a high degree of self-perpetuation. In a non-stock corporation with no general voting membership, the board is the supreme governing body of the institution, and its members are sometimes chosen by the board itself.Template:Sfn
