Alt-right
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| + | The '''alt-right''', or '''alternative right''', is a loosely defined group of [[people]] with [[Far-right politics|far-right]] [[Ideology|ideologies]] who reject [[mainstream conservatism]] in favor of [[white nationalism]], principally in the [[conservatism in the United States|United States]], but also to a lesser degree in [[Canada]] and [[European Union|Europe]]. | ||
| - | The '''Jewish question''' is a wide-ranging debate in European society pertaining to the appropriate status and treatment of [[Jews]] in society. The debate was similar to other so-called "[[national question]]s" and dealt with the civil, legal, national and political [[Status (law)|status]] of Jews as a minority within society, particularly in Europe in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. | + | Alt-right [[belief]]s have been described as [[Isolationism|isolationist]], [[Protectionism|protectionist]], [[Antisemitism|antisemitic]], and white supremacist, [[Nativism (politics)|nativism]] and [[Islamophobia]], [[antifeminism]] and [[homophobia]], [[right-wing populism]], and the [[neoreactionary movement]]. The concept has further been associated with multiple groups from [[American nationalism|American nationalists]], neo-[[Monarchism|monarchists]], [[men's rights advocate]]s, and the [[Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|2016 presidential campaign]] of [[Donald Trump]]. |
| + | ==History== | ||
| + | According to economist [[Jeffrey Tucker]] of the [[Foundation for Economic Education]], the alt-right "inherits a long and dreary tradition of thought from [[Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel|Friedrich Hegel]] to [[Thomas Carlyle]] to [[Oswald Spengler]] to [[Madison Grant]] to [[Othmar Spann]] to [[Giovanni Gentile]] to Trump's speeches". He states that alt-right proponents "look back to what they imagine to be a golden age when elites ruled and peons obeyed", and believe that "identity is everything and the loss of identity is the greatest crime against self anyone can imagine". | ||
| - | The debate started within societies, politicians and writers in [[western Europe|western]] and [[central Europe]] influenced by the [[Age of Enlightenment]] and the ideals of the [[French Revolution]]. The issues included the legal and economic [[disabilities (Jewish)|Jewish disabilities]] (e.g. [[Jewish quota]]s and [[Jewish ghetto|segregation]]), [[Jewish assimilation]], [[Jewish emancipation]] and [[Jewish Enlightenment]]. | + | In March 2016, [[Breitbart News]] writers Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos published a piece on the alt-right, which [[CNN]] described as being similar to a [[manifesto]]. In that article, they described the alt-right as being derived from the [[Old Right (United States)|Old Right]] of the United States as well from various [[New Right#France|New Right]] movements of Europe, citing the movement has been influenced by [[Oswald Spengler]], [[Henry Louis Mencken]], [[Julius Evola]] and modern influences such as [[Paleoconservatism|paleoconservatives]] [[Patrick J. Buchanan]] and [[Samuel T. Francis]]. Jeet Heer of ''[[The New Republic]]'' likewise identifies the alt-right as having ideological origins among paleoconservatives, particularly with respect to its positions restricting immigration and supporting an openly nationalistic foreign policy. |
| - | The expression has been used by antisemitic movements from the 1880s onwards, culminating in the [[Nazi terminology|Nazi phrase]] "the [[Final Solution]] to the Jewish Question". Similarly, the expression was used by proponents for and opponents of the establishment of an autonomous [[Jewish homeland]] or a sovereign [[Jewish state]]. | + | An analysis by ''[[The Guardian]]'' described the [[Ethnic nationalism|ethno-nationalism]] of the New Right as the alt-right's progenitor. Matthew Sheffield, writing in the ''[[Washington Post]]'', said the alt-right has also been influenced by [[Anarcho-capitalism|anarcho-capitalist]] and [[Paleolibertarianism|paleolibertarian]] theorist [[Murray Rothbard]], specifically in regards to his theorizing on race and democracy, and had previously rallied behind [[Ron Paul presidential campaign, 2008|Ron Paul in 2008]]. Tucker, an anarcho-capitalist, has said the alt-right is opposed to libertarianism because the alt-right focuses on group identity and tribalism instead of individual liberty. The alt-right lineage can be traced back to "[[South Park Republican|''South Park'' Republican]]". American professor and scholar [[Benjamin R. Teitelbaum]] compares the alt-right in the United States to [[identitarianism]] in Europe and notes that both were influenced by thinkers in the French New Right, or [[Nouvelle Droite]]. |
| - | More recently, members of the [[alt-right]] have used the acronym "JQ" to refer to the Jewish question. | + | Notable current promoters of alt-right ideology include [[Vox Day]], [[Steve Sailer]], [[Richard B. Spencer]], and Brittany Pettibone. |
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | * [[Armenian Question]], a similar topic about [[Armenians]] | + | * [[New Nationalism (21st century)|New Nationalism]] |
| - | * "[[Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question|Negro Question]]" | + | * [[Right-wing authoritarianism]] |
| - | * [[Ulrich Fleischhauer]] | + | * [[White genocide conspiracy theory]] |
| - | * [[Useful Jew]] | + | |
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The alt-right, or alternative right, is a loosely defined group of people with far-right ideologies who reject mainstream conservatism in favor of white nationalism, principally in the United States, but also to a lesser degree in Canada and Europe.
Alt-right beliefs have been described as isolationist, protectionist, antisemitic, and white supremacist, nativism and Islamophobia, antifeminism and homophobia, right-wing populism, and the neoreactionary movement. The concept has further been associated with multiple groups from American nationalists, neo-monarchists, men's rights advocates, and the 2016 presidential campaign of Donald Trump.
History
According to economist Jeffrey Tucker of the Foundation for Economic Education, the alt-right "inherits a long and dreary tradition of thought from Friedrich Hegel to Thomas Carlyle to Oswald Spengler to Madison Grant to Othmar Spann to Giovanni Gentile to Trump's speeches". He states that alt-right proponents "look back to what they imagine to be a golden age when elites ruled and peons obeyed", and believe that "identity is everything and the loss of identity is the greatest crime against self anyone can imagine".
In March 2016, Breitbart News writers Allum Bokhari and Milo Yiannopoulos published a piece on the alt-right, which CNN described as being similar to a manifesto. In that article, they described the alt-right as being derived from the Old Right of the United States as well from various New Right movements of Europe, citing the movement has been influenced by Oswald Spengler, Henry Louis Mencken, Julius Evola and modern influences such as paleoconservatives Patrick J. Buchanan and Samuel T. Francis. Jeet Heer of The New Republic likewise identifies the alt-right as having ideological origins among paleoconservatives, particularly with respect to its positions restricting immigration and supporting an openly nationalistic foreign policy.
An analysis by The Guardian described the ethno-nationalism of the New Right as the alt-right's progenitor. Matthew Sheffield, writing in the Washington Post, said the alt-right has also been influenced by anarcho-capitalist and paleolibertarian theorist Murray Rothbard, specifically in regards to his theorizing on race and democracy, and had previously rallied behind Ron Paul in 2008. Tucker, an anarcho-capitalist, has said the alt-right is opposed to libertarianism because the alt-right focuses on group identity and tribalism instead of individual liberty. The alt-right lineage can be traced back to "South Park Republican". American professor and scholar Benjamin R. Teitelbaum compares the alt-right in the United States to identitarianism in Europe and notes that both were influenced by thinkers in the French New Right, or Nouvelle Droite.
Notable current promoters of alt-right ideology include Vox Day, Steve Sailer, Richard B. Spencer, and Brittany Pettibone.
See also
