Serialism
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| Composers such as Arnold Schoenberg, [[Anton Webern]], [[Alban Berg]], [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]], [[Pierre Boulez]], [[Luigi Nono]], [[Milton Babbitt]], [[Elisabeth Lutyens]], [[Henri Pousseur]], [[Charles Wuorinen]] and [[Jean Barraqué]] used serial techniques of one sort or another in most of their music. Other composers such as [[Béla Bartók]], [[Luciano Berio]], [[Benjamin Britten]], [[John Cage]], [[Aaron Copland]], [[Ernst Krenek]], [[Gyorgy Ligeti]], [[Olivier Messiaen]], [[Arvo Pärt]], [[Walter Piston]], [[Ned Rorem]], [[Alfred Schnittke]], [[Ruth Crawford Seeger]], [[Dmitri Shostakovich]], and [[Igor Stravinsky]] used serialism only in some of their compositions or only in some sections of pieces, as did some [[jazz]] composers, such as [[Bill Evans]], [[Yusef Lateef]], and [[Bill Smith (jazz musician)|Bill Smith]]. | Composers such as Arnold Schoenberg, [[Anton Webern]], [[Alban Berg]], [[Karlheinz Stockhausen]], [[Pierre Boulez]], [[Luigi Nono]], [[Milton Babbitt]], [[Elisabeth Lutyens]], [[Henri Pousseur]], [[Charles Wuorinen]] and [[Jean Barraqué]] used serial techniques of one sort or another in most of their music. Other composers such as [[Béla Bartók]], [[Luciano Berio]], [[Benjamin Britten]], [[John Cage]], [[Aaron Copland]], [[Ernst Krenek]], [[Gyorgy Ligeti]], [[Olivier Messiaen]], [[Arvo Pärt]], [[Walter Piston]], [[Ned Rorem]], [[Alfred Schnittke]], [[Ruth Crawford Seeger]], [[Dmitri Shostakovich]], and [[Igor Stravinsky]] used serialism only in some of their compositions or only in some sections of pieces, as did some [[jazz]] composers, such as [[Bill Evans]], [[Yusef Lateef]], and [[Bill Smith (jazz musician)|Bill Smith]]. | ||
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| - | ==Notable composers== | ||
| - | |||
| - | *[[Hans Abrahamsen]] | ||
| - | *[[Gilbert Amy]] | ||
| - | *[[Louis Andriessen]] | ||
| - | *[[Denis ApIvor]] | ||
| - | *[[Hans Erich Apostel]] | ||
| - | *[[Kees van Baaren]] | ||
| - | *[[Milton Babbitt]] | ||
| - | *[[Tadeusz Baird]] | ||
| - | *[[Osvaldas Balakauskas]] | ||
| - | *[[Don Banks]] | ||
| - | *[[Jean Barraqué]] | ||
| - | *[[Jürg Baur]] | ||
| - | *[[Alban Berg]] | ||
| - | *[[Gunnar Berg (composer)|Gunnar Berg]] | ||
| - | *[[Arthur Berger (composer)|Arthur Berger]] | ||
| - | *[[Erik Bergman]] | ||
| - | *[[Luciano Berio]] | ||
| - | *[[Karl-Birger Blomdahl]] | ||
| - | *[[Konrad Boehmer]] | ||
| - | *[[Rob du Bois]] | ||
| - | *[[André Boucourechliev]] | ||
| - | *[[Pierre Boulez]] | ||
| - | *[[Martin Boykan]] | ||
| - | *[[Ole Buck]] | ||
| - | *[[Jacques Calonne]] | ||
| - | *[[Niccolò Castiglioni]] | ||
| - | *[[Aldo Clementi]] | ||
| - | *[[Salvador Contreras]] | ||
| - | *[[Aaron Copland]] | ||
| - | *[[Luigi Dallapiccola]] | ||
| - | *[[Franco Donatoni]] | ||
| - | *[[Hanns Eisler]] | ||
| - | *[[Manuel Enríquez]] | ||
| - | *[[Karlheinz Essl]] | ||
| - | *[[Franco Evangelisti (composer)|Franco Evangelisti]] | ||
| - | *[[Brian Ferneyhough]] | ||
| - | *[[Jacobo Ficher]] | ||
| - | *[[Irving Fine]] | ||
| - | *[[Wolfgang Fortner]] | ||
| - | *[[Roberto Gerhard]] | ||
| - | *[[Frans Geysen]] | ||
| - | *[[Michael Gielen]] | ||
| - | *[[Alberto Ginastera]] | ||
| - | *[[Lucien Goethals]] | ||
| - | *[[Karel Goeyvaerts]] | ||
| - | *[[Jerry Goldsmith]] | ||
| - | *[[Henryk Górecki]] | ||
| - | *[[Glenn Gould]] | ||
| - | *[[Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen]] | ||
| - | *[[César Guerra-Peixe]] | ||
| - | *[[Lou Harrison]] | ||
| - | *[[Jonathan Harvey (composer)|Jonathan Harvey]] | ||
| - | *[[Josef Matthias Hauer]] | ||
| - | *[[Paavo Heininen]] | ||
| - | *[[Hermann Heiss]] | ||
| - | *[[Hans Werner Henze]] | ||
| - | *[[York Höller]] | ||
| - | *[[Heinz Holliger]] | ||
| - | *[[Bill Hopkins (composer)|Bill Hopkins]] | ||
| - | *[[Klaus Huber]] | ||
| - | *[[Karel Husa]] | ||
| - | *[[Hanns Jelinek]] | ||
| - | *[[Ben Johnston (composer)|Ben Johnston]] | ||
| - | *[[Nikolai Karetnikov]] | ||
| - | *[[Rudolf Kelterborn]] | ||
| - | *[[Gottfried Michael Koenig]] | ||
| - | *[[Józef Koffler]] | ||
| - | *[[Ernst Krenek]] | ||
| - | *[[Meyer Kupferman]] | ||
| - | *[[René Leibowitz]] | ||
| - | *[[Ingvar Lidholm]] | ||
| - | *[[Witold Lutosławski]] | ||
| - | *[[Elisabeth Lutyens]] | ||
| - | *[[John McGuire (composer)|John McGuire]] | ||
| - | *[[Bruno Maderna]] | ||
| - | *[[Ursula Mamlok]] | ||
| - | *[[Philippe Manoury]] | ||
| - | *[[Donald Martino]] | ||
| - | *[[Paul Méfano]] | ||
| - | *[[Jacques-Louis Monod]] | ||
| - | *[[Robert Morris (composer)|Robert Morris]] | ||
| - | *[[Luigi Nono]] | ||
| - | *[[Per Nørgård]] | ||
| - | *[[Krzysztof Penderecki]] | ||
| - | *[[Goffredo Petrassi]] | ||
| - | *[[Michel Philippot]] | ||
| - | *[[Walter Piston]] | ||
| - | *[[Henri Pousseur]] | ||
| - | *[[Einojuhani Rautavaara]] | ||
| - | *[[Roger Reynolds]] | ||
| - | *[[Terry Riley]] | ||
| - | *[[George Rochberg]] | ||
| - | *[[Leonard Rosenman]] | ||
| - | *[[Cláudio Santoro]] | ||
| - | *[[Peter Schat]] | ||
| - | *[[Leon Schidlowsky]] | ||
| - | *[[Dieter Schnebel]] | ||
| - | *[[Arnold Schoenberg]], considered the founder of serialism | ||
| - | *[[Humphrey Searle]] | ||
| - | *[[Ruth Crawford Seeger]] | ||
| - | *[[Mátyás Seiber]] | ||
| - | *[[Roger Sessions]] | ||
| - | *[[Nikos Skalkottas]] | ||
| - | *[[Roger Smalley]] | ||
| - | *[[Ann Southam]] | ||
| - | *[[Leopold Spinner]] | ||
| - | *[[Karlheinz Stockhausen]] | ||
| - | *[[Igor Stravinsky]] | ||
| - | *[[Robert Suderburg]] | ||
| - | *[[Richard Swift (composer)|Richard Swift]] | ||
| - | *[[Louise Talma]] | ||
| - | *[[Camillo Togni]] | ||
| - | *[[Gilles Tremblay (composer)|Gilles Tremblay]] | ||
| - | *[[Fartein Valen]] | ||
| - | *[[Wladimir Vogel]] | ||
| - | *[[Anton Webern]] | ||
| - | *[[Hugo Weisgall]] | ||
| - | *[[Peter Westergaard]] | ||
| - | *[[Stefan Wolpe]] | ||
| - | *[[Charles Wuorinen]] | ||
| - | *[[La Monte Young]] | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
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In music, serialism is a method of composition using series of pitches, rhythms, dynamics, timbres or other musical elements. Serialism began primarily with Arnold Schoenberg's twelve-tone technique, though some of his contemporaries were also working to establish serialism as a form of post-tonal thinking. Twelve-tone technique orders the twelve notes of the chromatic scale, forming a row or series and providing a unifying basis for a composition's melody, harmony, structural progressions, and variations. Other types of serialism also work with sets, collections of objects, but not necessarily with fixed-order series, and extend the technique to other musical dimensions (often called "parameters"), such as duration, dynamics, and timbre.
The idea of serialism is also applied in various ways in the visual arts, design, and architecture, and the musical concept has also been adapted in literature.
Integral serialism or total serialism is the use of series for aspects such as duration, dynamics, and register as well as pitch. Other terms, used especially in Europe to distinguish post–World War II serial music from twelve-tone music and its American extensions, are general serialism and multiple serialism.
Composers such as Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, Milton Babbitt, Elisabeth Lutyens, Henri Pousseur, Charles Wuorinen and Jean Barraqué used serial techniques of one sort or another in most of their music. Other composers such as Béla Bartók, Luciano Berio, Benjamin Britten, John Cage, Aaron Copland, Ernst Krenek, Gyorgy Ligeti, Olivier Messiaen, Arvo Pärt, Walter Piston, Ned Rorem, Alfred Schnittke, Ruth Crawford Seeger, Dmitri Shostakovich, and Igor Stravinsky used serialism only in some of their compositions or only in some sections of pieces, as did some jazz composers, such as Bill Evans, Yusef Lateef, and Bill Smith.
See also
