King Arthur
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
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| + | "In the time of [[King Arthur|this good king]] that famous order of [[chivalry]] of the [[Round Table|Knights of the Round Table]] was instituted, and the amour of Don [[Lancelot]] of the Lake with the [[Guinevere |Queen Guinevere]] occurred, precisely as is there related, the go-between and confidante therein being the highly [[honour]]able dame Quintañona."--''[[Don Quixote]]'' (1605) by Miguel de Cervantes | ||
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| '''King Arthur''' was a [[legendary]] [[Celtic Britons|British]] leader who, according to [[Historians in England during the Middle Ages|medieval histories]] and [[Romance (heroic literature)|romances]], led the defence of Britain against [[Saxon]] invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of [[Welsh folklore|Welsh]] and [[English folklore]] and literary invention, and modern historians generally agree that he is unhistorical. The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the ''[[Annales Cambriae]]'', the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]'', and the writings of [[Gildas]]. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as ''[[Y Gododdin]]''. | '''King Arthur''' was a [[legendary]] [[Celtic Britons|British]] leader who, according to [[Historians in England during the Middle Ages|medieval histories]] and [[Romance (heroic literature)|romances]], led the defence of Britain against [[Saxon]] invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of [[Welsh folklore|Welsh]] and [[English folklore]] and literary invention, and modern historians generally agree that he is unhistorical. The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the ''[[Annales Cambriae]]'', the ''[[Historia Brittonum]]'', and the writings of [[Gildas]]. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as ''[[Y Gododdin]]''. | ||
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| Arthur is a central figure in the legends making up the [[Matter of Britain]]. The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]]'s fanciful and imaginative 12th-century ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]'' (''History of the Kings of Britain''). How much of Geoffrey's ''Historia'' (completed in 1138) was adapted from such earlier sources, rather than invented by Geoffrey himself, is unknown. | Arthur is a central figure in the legends making up the [[Matter of Britain]]. The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of [[Geoffrey of Monmouth]]'s fanciful and imaginative 12th-century ''[[Historia Regum Britanniae]]'' (''History of the Kings of Britain''). How much of Geoffrey's ''Historia'' (completed in 1138) was adapted from such earlier sources, rather than invented by Geoffrey himself, is unknown. | ||
| - | + | ==See also== | |
| - | Although the themes, events and characters of the Arthurian legend varied widely from text to text, and there is no one canonical version, Geoffrey's version of events often served as the starting point for later stories. Geoffrey depicted Arthur as a king of Britain who defeated the Saxons and established a vast empire. Many elements and incidents that are now an integral part of the Arthurian story appear in Geoffrey's ''Historia'', including Arthur's father [[Uther Pendragon]], the magician [[Merlin]], Arthur's wife [[Guinevere]], the sword [[Excalibur]], Arthur's conception at [[Tintagel Castle|Tintagel]], his final battle against [[Mordred]] at [[Camlann]], and final rest in [[Avalon]]. | + | *[[Arthur (1981 film) ]] |
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| - | The 12th-century French writer [[Chrétien de Troyes]], who added [[Lancelot]] and the [[Holy Grail]] to the story, began the genre of Arthurian romance that became a significant strand of medieval literature. In these French stories, the narrative focus often shifts from King Arthur himself to other characters, such as various [[Knights of the Round Table]]. Arthurian literature thrived during the [[Middle Ages]] but waned in the centuries that followed until it experienced a major resurgence in the 19th century. In the 21st century, the legend continues to have prominence, not only in literature but also in adaptations for theatre, film, television, comics and other media. | + | |
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| - | == See also == | + | |
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| - | *[[Arthur's O'on]] | + | |
| - | *[[Artus Court]] | + | |
| - | *[[Historicity of King Arthur]] | + | |
| - | *[[King Arthur's family]] | + | |
| - | *[[King Arthur's messianic return]] | + | |
| - | *[[List of Arthurian characters]] | + | |
| - | *[[List of books about King Arthur]] | + | |
| - | *[[List of films based on Arthurian legend]] | + | |
| - | *[[List of legendary kings of Britain]] | + | |
| - | *[[Nine Worthies]], of which Arthur was one | + | |
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"In the time of this good king that famous order of chivalry of the Knights of the Round Table was instituted, and the amour of Don Lancelot of the Lake with the Queen Guinevere occurred, precisely as is there related, the go-between and confidante therein being the highly honourable dame Quintañona."--Don Quixote (1605) by Miguel de Cervantes |
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King Arthur was a legendary British leader who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of Welsh and English folklore and literary invention, and modern historians generally agree that he is unhistorical. The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the Annales Cambriae, the Historia Brittonum, and the writings of Gildas. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin.
Arthur is a central figure in the legends making up the Matter of Britain. The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain). How much of Geoffrey's Historia (completed in 1138) was adapted from such earlier sources, rather than invented by Geoffrey himself, is unknown.
See also
