Hungary
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
| Revision as of 15:01, 4 March 2023 Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) ← Previous diff |
Current revision Jahsonic (Talk | contribs) (→Social sciences) |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| + | [[Image:Elizabeth Bathory Portrait.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Portrait of [[Elizabeth Báthory]], her castle was in Čachtice, now Slovakia]] | ||
| + | [[Image:Salome, c. 1530 - Cranach.jpg|thumb|right|200px|''[[Salome (Lucas Cranach the Elder)|Salome]]'' located a the [[Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest)|Museum of Fine Arts of Budapest]]]] | ||
| {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" | {| class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:30em; max-width: 40%;" cellspacing="5" | ||
| | style="text-align: left;" | | | style="text-align: left;" | | ||
| - | [[Hungarian Dances (Brahms)|Hungarian Dances]], [[Elizabeth Báthory]] | + | |
| + | "We ate [[paprika]]-seasoned food to the clangour of the usual [[gipsy]] band that never saw the Hungarian [[Putzta]]. It was at one of the tinsel [[Bohemia]]s so plentifully scattered along the avenue. I was better satisfied than earlier in the evening, for I had proved that the old East Side was fabulous. I said as much, and was called ungrateful." | ||
| + | |||
| + | --''[[New Cosmopolis]]'' (1915) by James Huneker | ||
| + | |||
| + | <hr> | ||
| + | "To the left, on a rock nearer the railway, are the remains of the [[Čachtice Castle|Cachticz]], Hungar. Csejthe, once the residence of the infamous [[Elizabeth Báthory]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | The network of [[railways]] with which [[Hungary]] is now covered renders a visit to this highly-favoured country almost as easy and convenient as any tour of similar extent in [[Central Europe]]. The unadventurous traveller may therefore enter on the undertaking without misgiving, and will find his time well and pleasantly spent. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Hungary is one of the countries of Europe with which nature has dealt most bountifully. The N. portion , intersected by the [[Carpathian]] Mts., possesses mineral treasures of every kind in abundance, from rock-salt to precious stones, as well as an inexhaustible supply of timber." | ||
| + | |||
| + | --''[[Southern Germany and Austria, Including Hungary and Transylvania]]'' (1883) | ||
| + | <hr> | ||
| + | "We find this superb style penetrating far into [[Hungary]] and Siebenbürgen; and only the mountain-line of the Transylvanian Alps has established a barrier between the Romanesque and the Byzantine art. The masterpiece of [[Hungarian architecture]] is the [[Church of St. Jak]]."--''[[History of Art (Wilhelm Lübke)|History of Art]]'' (c. 1860) by Wilhelm Lübke | ||
| + | |||
| |} | |} | ||
| {{Template}} | {{Template}} | ||
| The '''Republic of Hungary''' is a landlocked country in [[Central Europe]], bordered by [[Austria]], [[Slovakia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], [[Croatia]] and [[Slovenia]]. Its capital is [[Budapest]]. | The '''Republic of Hungary''' is a landlocked country in [[Central Europe]], bordered by [[Austria]], [[Slovakia]], [[Ukraine]], [[Romania]], [[Serbia]], [[Croatia]] and [[Slovenia]]. Its capital is [[Budapest]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Central to this wiki are the photographers [[André Kertész]], [[Brassaï]], supposed serial killer [[Elizabeth Báthory]], moral crusader [[Max Nordau]], the musician [[Gábor Szabó]], the filmmaker [[György Pálfi]], the architect [[Antti Lovag]] and the artists [[László Moholy-Nagy]] and [[Mihály Zichy]]. | ||
| ==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
| The '''culture of Hungary''' is rich and varied, from the twin cities of [[Budapest|Buda and Pest]] on the [[Danube]], to the Great Plain bordering [[Ukraine]]. Today's Hungary was formerly (until 1918) part of the [[Austro-Hungarian empire]]. [[Hungary]] has great [[folklore|folk]] traditions, producing [[embroidery|embroideries]], [[pottery]], decorated buildings, and [[carving]]s. Hungarian music ranges from the [[rhapsody (music)|rhapsodies]] of [[Franz Liszt]] to [[Roma music|Roma]] and [[folk music]]. | The '''culture of Hungary''' is rich and varied, from the twin cities of [[Budapest|Buda and Pest]] on the [[Danube]], to the Great Plain bordering [[Ukraine]]. Today's Hungary was formerly (until 1918) part of the [[Austro-Hungarian empire]]. [[Hungary]] has great [[folklore|folk]] traditions, producing [[embroidery|embroideries]], [[pottery]], decorated buildings, and [[carving]]s. Hungarian music ranges from the [[rhapsody (music)|rhapsodies]] of [[Franz Liszt]] to [[Roma music|Roma]] and [[folk music]]. | ||
| - | Hungary has a great [[literature]], with many poets and writers, although not many are well known abroad due to the limited prevalence of the [[Hungarian language]] as a [[Finno-Ugric]] language. Some noted authors include [[Sándor Márai]] and [[Imre Kertész]], who have been gaining acclaim in recent decades. [[János Kodolányi]] was more known in the middle of the twentieth century in Italy and [[Finland]]. Sándor Márai has a growing popularity nowadays in Europe. Imre Kertész won the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 2002. [[Péter Esterházy]] is known and popular in Austria and Germany, and [[Magda Szabó]] has become well-known in Europe recently as well.<!-- A well-known Hungarian-originated author was [[Arthur Koestler]]. --> | + | Then there are the [[Hungarian Dances (Brahms)|''Hungarian Dances'']]. |
| + | ==Literature== | ||
| - | Hungarian cuisine includes many [[pork]] and [[beef]] dishes, particularly [[goulash]] (a beef soup – ''gulya'' means a herd of cows, ''gulyás'' is like 'cowboy'), or a [[stew]] known in [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] as ''pörkölt''. Dishes are often flavoured with [[paprika]]. Hungary also produces wine, including [[Tokaji]] from [[Tokaj]]. | + | Hungary has a great [[literature]], with many poets and writers, although not many are well known abroad due to the limited prevalence of the [[Hungarian language]] as a [[Finno-Ugric]] language. Some noted authors include [[Sándor Márai]] and [[Imre Kertész]], who have been gaining acclaim in recent decades. |
| - | ==Music== | + | |
| - | The [[music of Hungary]] consists mainly of traditional [[Hungarian folk music]] and music by prominent composers such as Ferenc [[Liszt]] (known in the West as Franz Liszt), [[Franz Schmidt]], [[Ernő Dohnányi|Dohnányi]], [[Bartók]], [[Kodály]], and [[Miklós Rózsa|Rózsa]]. Traditional Hungarian music tends to have a strong [[Dactyl (poetry)|dactylic]] [[rhythm]], as in the Hungarian language the first syllable of each word is invariably stressed. Hungary also has a number of internationally renowned composers of contemporary classical music, including [[György Ligeti]], [[György Kurtág]], [[Peter Eötvös|Péter Eötvös]] and [[Zoltán Jeney]], among others. | + | |
| - | [[Hungary]] has made many contributions to the fields of [[Folk music|folk]], [[Popular music|popular]], and [[European classical music|classical music]]. Hungarian folk music is a prominent part of the national identity and continues to play a major part in Hungarian music. Hungarian folk music has been influential in neighboring areas such as [[Romania]], [[Slovakia]], [[Poland]], and especially in southern Slovakia and the Romanian region of [[Transylvania]], both home to significant numbers of Hungarians. | ||
| - | Broughton claims that Hungary's "infectious sound has been surprisingly influential on neighbouring countries (thanks perhaps to the common Austro-Hungarian history) and it's not uncommon to hear Hungarian-sounding tunes in Romania, Slovakia and southern Poland". It is also strong in the [[Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg|Szabolcs-Szatmár]] area, and in the southwest part of [[Transdanubia]], near the border with [[Croatia]]. The [[Busójárás]] carnival in [[Mohács]] is a major Hungarian folk music event, formerly featuring the long-established and well-regarded [[Bogyiszló orchestra]]. | + | While virtually unknown in the [[Anglosphere]] for centuries, Hungary's literature gained renown by the end of the 20th century thanks to a new wave of internationally accessible writers like [[Antal Szerb]], [[Sándor Márai]], [[Imre Kertész]] and [[Magda Szabó]]. |
| - | Hungarian [[European classical music|classical music]] has long been an "experiment, made from Hungarian antedecents and on Hungarian soil, to create a conscious musical culture [using the] musical world of the folk song". Although the Hungarian upper class has long had cultural and political connections with the rest of Europe, leading to an influx of European musical ideas, the rural peasants maintained their own traditions, so that by the end of the 19th century Hungarian composers could draw on rural peasant music to (re)create a Hungarian classical style. For example, [[Béla Bartók]] and [[Zoltán Kodály]], two of Hungary's most famous composers, are known for using folk themes in their music. Bartók collected folk songs from across Central Europe, including Romania and Slovakia, whilst Kodály was more interested in creating a distinctively Hungarian musical style. | + | See also [[Frigyes Karinthy]], [[Ferenc Molnár]] and [[Christa Winsloe]]. |
| + | ==Philosophy== | ||
| + | *[[György Lukács ]] | ||
| - | During the era of Communist rule in Hungary (1944–1989), a Song Committee scoured and censored popular music for traces of subversion and ideological impurity. Since then, however, the Hungarian music industry has begun to recover, producing successful performers in the fields of [[jazz]] such as trumpeter [[Rudolf Tomsits]], pianist-composer [[Károly Binder]], and in a modernized form of Hungarian folk, [[Ferenc Sebő]] and [[Márta Sebestyén]]. The three giants of Hungarian [[Rock music|rock]], [[Illés (band)|Illés]], [[Metró (band)|Metró]], and [[Omega (band)|Omega]], remain very popular, especially Omega, which, besides Hungary, has followings in Germany and beyond. Veteran underground bands from the 1980s such as [[Beatrice (band)|Beatrice]] also remain popular. | + | ==Cuisine== |
| + | Hungarian cuisine includes many [[pork]] and [[beef]] dishes, particularly [[goulash]] (a beef soup – ''gulya'' means a herd of cows, ''gulyás'' is like 'cowboy'), or a [[stew]] known in [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] as ''pörkölt''. Dishes are often flavoured with [[paprika]]. | ||
| + | ==Music== | ||
| + | The [[music]] of [[Hungary]] consists mainly of traditional Hungarian [[folk music]] and music by prominent composers such as [[Franz Liszt]], [[Bartók]] and [[Miklós Rózsa|Rózsa]]. | ||
| - | == See also == | + | Traditional Hungarian music tends to have a strong [[Dactyl (poetry)|dactylic]] [[rhythm]], as in the Hungarian language the first syllable of each word is invariably stressed. Hungary also has a number of internationally renowned composers of contemporary classical music, including [[György Ligeti]]. |
| - | * [[List of Hungarians]] | + | In jazz there is [[Gábor Szabó]]. |
| - | * [[List of Hungarian painters]] | + | |
| - | * [[List of museums in Hungary]] | + | ==Photography== |
| - | * [[Renaissance architecture in Eastern Europe]] | + | |
| - | * [[National symbols of Hungary]] | + | |
| - | *[[Cinema of Hungary]] | + | |
| - | *[[Elizabeth Báthory]] | + | |
| - | *[[György Ligeti]] | + | |
| - | *[[László Moholy-Nagy]] | + | |
| *[[André Kertész]] | *[[André Kertész]] | ||
| - | *[[Christa Winsloe]] | + | *[[Brassaï]] |
| - | * [[Antti Lovag]] | + | ==Cinema== |
| - | * [[Hungarian Uprising]] | + | |
| - | * [[Charlotte Bach]] | + | [[Hungary]] has had a notable cinema industry since the beginning of the 20th century, including Hungarians who affected the world of motion pictures both within and beyond the country's borders. |
| - | * [[Bela Lugosi]] | + | |
| - | * [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]] | + | The former could be characterized by directors [[István Szabó]], [[Béla Tarr]], or [[Miklós Jancsó]]; the latter by [[William Fox (producer)|William Fox]] and [[Adolph Zukor]], the founders of [[Fox Film|Fox Studios]] and [[Paramount Pictures]] respectively, or [[Alexander Korda]], who played a leading role in the early period of [[Cinema of the United Kingdom|British cinema]]. Examples of successful Hungarian films include ''[[Merry-Go-Round (1956 film)|Merry-go-round]]'', ''[[Mephisto (1981 film)|Mephisto]]'', ''[[Werckmeister Harmonies]]'' and ''[[Kontroll]]''. |
| - | * [[George Antheil]] | + | |
| - | * [[Molnár]] | + | Of note is the actor [[Bela Lugosi]] and the cinematographer [[László Kovács (cinematographer)|László Kovács]]. |
| - | * [[Max Nordau]] | + | |
| + | In 2012, ''[[Final Cut: Ladies and Gentlemen]]'' by György Pálfi caught international attention. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Famous for being famous== | ||
| + | * [[Max Nordau]] | ||
| + | * [[Elizabeth Báthory]] | ||
| * [[Gregor Baci]] | * [[Gregor Baci]] | ||
| - | *[[Mihály Zichy]] | + | * [[Charlotte Bach]] |
| + | ==Hungarian-Americans== | ||
| + | Notable Hungarian-Americans include [[Vilmos Zsigmond]], [[King Vidor]], [[Michael Curtiz]], [[Eugene Fodor (writer)|Eugene Fodor]] and [[Karoly Grosz (illustrator)|Karoly Grosz]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Art== | ||
| + | * [[László Moholy-Nagy]] | ||
| + | * [[Mihály Zichy]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Social sciences== | ||
| + | *[[Karl Maria Kertbeny ]] | ||
| + | * [[Richard von Krafft-Ebing]] | ||
| + | * [[Thomas Szasz]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Architecture== | ||
| + | One of the greatest architects of his age was [[Ödön Lechner]], who planned the Museum of Trade Art, The Hungarian Geological Institute, the town hall of [[Kecskemét]], and the Saint Ladislaus Church at Kőbánya, Budapest. Sometimes he is called the Hungarian [[Antoni Gaudí|Gaudí]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | Also of note was [[Antti Lovag]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==See also== | ||
| + | *''[[St Elizabeth of Hungary's Great Act of Renunciation]]'' (1891) by Philip Hermogenes Calderon | ||
| + | * [[Hungarian Uprising]] | ||
| + | * [[Budapest Pride]] | ||
| + | * [[The Good Soldier Švejk]] | ||
| {{GFDL}} | {{GFDL}} | ||
Current revision
|
"We ate paprika-seasoned food to the clangour of the usual gipsy band that never saw the Hungarian Putzta. It was at one of the tinsel Bohemias so plentifully scattered along the avenue. I was better satisfied than earlier in the evening, for I had proved that the old East Side was fabulous. I said as much, and was called ungrateful." --New Cosmopolis (1915) by James Huneker "To the left, on a rock nearer the railway, are the remains of the Cachticz, Hungar. Csejthe, once the residence of the infamous Elizabeth Báthory. The network of railways with which Hungary is now covered renders a visit to this highly-favoured country almost as easy and convenient as any tour of similar extent in Central Europe. The unadventurous traveller may therefore enter on the undertaking without misgiving, and will find his time well and pleasantly spent. Hungary is one of the countries of Europe with which nature has dealt most bountifully. The N. portion , intersected by the Carpathian Mts., possesses mineral treasures of every kind in abundance, from rock-salt to precious stones, as well as an inexhaustible supply of timber." --Southern Germany and Austria, Including Hungary and Transylvania (1883) "We find this superb style penetrating far into Hungary and Siebenbürgen; and only the mountain-line of the Transylvanian Alps has established a barrier between the Romanesque and the Byzantine art. The masterpiece of Hungarian architecture is the Church of St. Jak."--History of Art (c. 1860) by Wilhelm Lübke |
|
Related e |
|
Featured: |
The Republic of Hungary is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest.
Central to this wiki are the photographers André Kertész, Brassaï, supposed serial killer Elizabeth Báthory, moral crusader Max Nordau, the musician Gábor Szabó, the filmmaker György Pálfi, the architect Antti Lovag and the artists László Moholy-Nagy and Mihály Zichy.
Contents |
Culture
The culture of Hungary is rich and varied, from the twin cities of Buda and Pest on the Danube, to the Great Plain bordering Ukraine. Today's Hungary was formerly (until 1918) part of the Austro-Hungarian empire. Hungary has great folk traditions, producing embroideries, pottery, decorated buildings, and carvings. Hungarian music ranges from the rhapsodies of Franz Liszt to Roma and folk music.
Then there are the Hungarian Dances.
Literature
Hungary has a great literature, with many poets and writers, although not many are well known abroad due to the limited prevalence of the Hungarian language as a Finno-Ugric language. Some noted authors include Sándor Márai and Imre Kertész, who have been gaining acclaim in recent decades.
While virtually unknown in the Anglosphere for centuries, Hungary's literature gained renown by the end of the 20th century thanks to a new wave of internationally accessible writers like Antal Szerb, Sándor Márai, Imre Kertész and Magda Szabó.
See also Frigyes Karinthy, Ferenc Molnár and Christa Winsloe.
Philosophy
Cuisine
Hungarian cuisine includes many pork and beef dishes, particularly goulash (a beef soup – gulya means a herd of cows, gulyás is like 'cowboy'), or a stew known in Hungarian as pörkölt. Dishes are often flavoured with paprika.
Music
The music of Hungary consists mainly of traditional Hungarian folk music and music by prominent composers such as Franz Liszt, Bartók and Rózsa.
Traditional Hungarian music tends to have a strong dactylic rhythm, as in the Hungarian language the first syllable of each word is invariably stressed. Hungary also has a number of internationally renowned composers of contemporary classical music, including György Ligeti.
In jazz there is Gábor Szabó.
Photography
Cinema
Hungary has had a notable cinema industry since the beginning of the 20th century, including Hungarians who affected the world of motion pictures both within and beyond the country's borders.
The former could be characterized by directors István Szabó, Béla Tarr, or Miklós Jancsó; the latter by William Fox and Adolph Zukor, the founders of Fox Studios and Paramount Pictures respectively, or Alexander Korda, who played a leading role in the early period of British cinema. Examples of successful Hungarian films include Merry-go-round, Mephisto, Werckmeister Harmonies and Kontroll.
Of note is the actor Bela Lugosi and the cinematographer László Kovács.
In 2012, Final Cut: Ladies and Gentlemen by György Pálfi caught international attention.
Famous for being famous
Hungarian-Americans
Notable Hungarian-Americans include Vilmos Zsigmond, King Vidor, Michael Curtiz, Eugene Fodor and Karoly Grosz.
Art
Social sciences
Architecture
One of the greatest architects of his age was Ödön Lechner, who planned the Museum of Trade Art, The Hungarian Geological Institute, the town hall of Kecskemét, and the Saint Ladislaus Church at Kőbánya, Budapest. Sometimes he is called the Hungarian Gaudí.
Also of note was Antti Lovag.
See also
- St Elizabeth of Hungary's Great Act of Renunciation (1891) by Philip Hermogenes Calderon
- Hungarian Uprising
- Budapest Pride
- The Good Soldier Švejk
