Homer  

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 +"[[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]] [...] is the [[Homer]] of the [[loser]]s." --"[[Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Equality]]" (1978) by by Judith Shklar
 +|}
{{Template}} {{Template}}
-In the [[classical tradition|Western classical tradition]], '''Homer''' is the author of the ''[[Iliad]]'' and the ''[[Odyssey]]'', and is revered as the greatest of [[Ancient Greece|ancient Greek]] [[Epic poetry|epic poets]]. These epics lie at the beginning of the [[Western canon]] of literature, and have had an enormous influence on the history of [[literature]].+'''Homer''' (born 8th century BC) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the ''[[Iliad]]'' and the ''[[Odyssey]]'', two [[epic poem]]s that are foundational works of [[ancient Greek literature]]. Homer is considered one of the most revered and influential authors in history.
-When he lived is unknown. [[Herodotus]] estimates that Homer lived 400 years before Herodotus' own time, which would place him at around [[850s BC|850 BC]], while other ancient sources claim that he lived much nearer to the supposed time of the [[Trojan War]], in the early 12th century BC. Modern researchers appear to place Homer in the 7th or 8th centuries BC.+Homer's ''Iliad'' centers on a quarrel between King [[Agamemnon]] and the warrior [[Achilles]] during the last year of the [[Trojan War]]. The ''Odyssey'' chronicles the ten-year journey of [[Odysseus]], king of [[Homer's Ithaca|Ithaca]], back to his home after the fall of Troy. The poems are in [[Homeric Greek]], also known as Epic Greek, a [[literary language]] which shows a mixture of features of the [[Ionic Greek|Ionic]] and [[Aeolic Greek|Aeolic]] dialects from different centuries; the predominant influence is Eastern Ionic. Most researchers believe that the poems were originally [[Oral tradition|transmitted orally]].
-The formative influence played by the Homeric epics in shaping [[Culture of Greece|Greek culture]] was widely recognized, and Homer was described as the teacher of Greece. Homer's works, which are about fifty percent speeches, provided models in persuasive speaking and writing that were emulated throughout the ancient and medieval Greek worlds. Fragments of Homer account for nearly half of all identifiable Greek literary [[papyrus]] finds.+Homer's epic poems shaped aspects of ancient Greek culture and education, fostering ideals of heroism, glory, and honor. To [[Plato]], Homer was simply the one who "has taught Greece" (τὴν Ἑλλάδα πεπαίδευκεν, ''tēn Helláda pepaídeuken'').
-==See also==+In [[Dante Alighieri]]'s ''[[Divine Comedy]]'', [[Virgil]] refers to Homer as "Poet sovereign", king of all poets;
-===Topics===+[[Homeric Question|The question]] of by whom, when, where and under what circumstances the ''Iliad'' and ''Odyssey'' were composed continues to be debated. Scholars remain divided as to whether the two works are the product of a single author. It is thought that the poems were composed at some point around the late eighth or early seventh century BC.
-*[[Catalogue of Ships]]+
-*[[Achaeans (Homer)]]+
-*[[Achilles]]+
-*''[[Aeneid]]''+
-*[[Aoidos]]+
-*[[Ancient accounts of Homer]]+
-*[[Aristarchus of Samothrace]]+
-*[[Bibliomancy]]+
-*[[Catalogue of Ships]]+
-*[[Cyclic Poets]]+
-*[[Dactylic hexameter]]+
-*[[Deception of Zeus]]+
-*[[Epic Cycle]]+
-*[[Epic poetry]]+
-*[[Epithets in Homer]]+
-*[[Geography of the Odyssey]]+
-*[[Greek mythology]]+
-*[[Hector]]+
-*[[Historicity of the Iliad]]+
-*[[Homer's Ithaca]]+
-*[[Homeric Greek]]+
-*[[Homeric nod]]+
-*[[Homeric Question]]+
-*[[Homeric scholarship]]+
-*[[Ithaca]]+
-*[[Life of Homer (Pseudo-Herodotus)]]+
-*[[List of characters in the Iliad]]+
-*[[Odysseus]]+
-*[[Peisistratos (Athens)]]+
-*[[Rhapsode]]+
-*[[Shield of Achilles]]+
-*''[[Sortes Homerica]]''+
-*''[[Tabula Iliaca]]''+
-*''[[Telemachy]]''+
-*[[The Golden Bough (mythology)]]+
-*[[Trojan Battle Order]]+
-*[[Trojan War]]+
-*[[Trojan War in art and literature]]+
-*[[Troy]]+
-*[[Troy VII]]+
-*[[Venetus A]] Manuscript+
-*[[Zenodotus]] of Ephesus+
-===Modern scholars===+Many [[ancient accounts of Homer|accounts of Homer's life]] circulated in [[classical antiquity]]; the most widespread account was that he was a blind [[bard]] from [[Ionia]], a region of central coastal [[Anatolia]] in present-day Turkey. Modern scholars consider these accounts [[legend]]ary.
-*[[Richard Bentley]]+ 
-*[[Ioannis Kakridis]]+==See also==
-*[[Adolf Kirchhoff]]+*[[Homer's Contest]] by Nietzsche
-*[[Geoffrey Kirk]]+* [[Achaeans (Homer)]]
-*[[Karl Lachmann]]+* ''[[Aeneid]]''
-*[[Walter Leaf]]+* [[Bibliomancy]]
-*[[Albert Lord]]+* [[Catalogue of Ships]]
-*[[David Binning Monro]]+* [[Creophylus of Samos]]
-*[[Karl Otfried Müller]]+* [[Cyclic Poets]]
-*[[Gilbert Murray]]+* [[Deception of Zeus]]
-*[[Gregory Nagy]]+* [[Epithets in Homer]]
-*[[Gregor Wilhelm Nitzsch]]+* [[Geography of the Odyssey|Geography of the ''Odyssey'']]
-*[[Milman Parry]]+* [[Greek mythology]]
-*[[Barry B. Powell]]+* [[Hector]]
-*[[Heinrich Schliemann]]+* [[Historicity of Homer]]
-*[[William Bedell Stanford]]+* [[Homeric psychology]]
-*[[Jean-Baptiste Gaspard d'Ansse de Villoison]]+* [[Homeric scholarship]]
-*[[Alan Wace]]+* [[Homer's Ithaca]]
-*[[Martin Litchfield West]]+* [[List of Homeric characters]]
-*[[Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff]]+* [[Peisistratos]]
-*[[Friedrich August Wolf]]+* ''[[Sortes Homericae]]''
 +* ''[[Tabula iliaca]]''
 +* ''[[Telemachy]]''
 +* [[The Golden Bough (mythology)|The Golden Bough]]
 +* [[Trojan Battle Order]]
 +* [[Trojan War in literature and the arts]]
 +* [[Venetus A]] Manuscript
{{GFDL}} {{GFDL}}

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"Rousseau [...] is the Homer of the losers." --"Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Equality" (1978) by by Judith Shklar

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Homer (born 8th century BC) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature. Homer is considered one of the most revered and influential authors in history.

Homer's Iliad centers on a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles during the last year of the Trojan War. The Odyssey chronicles the ten-year journey of Odysseus, king of Ithaca, back to his home after the fall of Troy. The poems are in Homeric Greek, also known as Epic Greek, a literary language which shows a mixture of features of the Ionic and Aeolic dialects from different centuries; the predominant influence is Eastern Ionic. Most researchers believe that the poems were originally transmitted orally.

Homer's epic poems shaped aspects of ancient Greek culture and education, fostering ideals of heroism, glory, and honor. To Plato, Homer was simply the one who "has taught Greece" (τὴν Ἑλλάδα πεπαίδευκεν, tēn Helláda pepaídeuken).

In Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, Virgil refers to Homer as "Poet sovereign", king of all poets;

The question of by whom, when, where and under what circumstances the Iliad and Odyssey were composed continues to be debated. Scholars remain divided as to whether the two works are the product of a single author. It is thought that the poems were composed at some point around the late eighth or early seventh century BC.

Many accounts of Homer's life circulated in classical antiquity; the most widespread account was that he was a blind bard from Ionia, a region of central coastal Anatolia in present-day Turkey. Modern scholars consider these accounts legendary.

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See also


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