15th century
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| ==Significant people== | ==Significant people== | ||
| * [[Jan Hus]], Bohemian religious thinker and reformer (c. [[1369]] - [[1415]]). | * [[Jan Hus]], Bohemian religious thinker and reformer (c. [[1369]] - [[1415]]). | ||
| - | * [[Filippo Brunelleschi]] invents one-point perspective, leads innovation in Italian architecture ([[1377]] - [[1446]]). | ||
| - | * [[Henry V of England]], the English King who won the famous [[Battle of Agincourt]] in [[1415]] ([[1387]] - [[1422]]). | ||
| * [[Johannes Gutenberg]], European inventor of printing with movable type (c.[[1398]] - [[1468]]) | * [[Johannes Gutenberg]], European inventor of printing with movable type (c.[[1398]] - [[1468]]) | ||
| - | * [[Stephen III of Moldavia]], also known as Stephen the Great, ruler of Moldavia, national hero of [[Romanians]] for long resistance to the Ottomans ([[1437]] - [[1504]]) | ||
| - | * [[Constantine XI]], Last [[Byzantine Emperor]] ([[1404]] - [[1453]]). | ||
| - | * [[Johannes Ockeghem]], Flemish composer (ca. [[1410]]-[[1497]]). | ||
| * [[Joan of Arc]], national [[hero|heroine]] of [[France]] ([[1412]] - [[1431]]). | * [[Joan of Arc]], national [[hero|heroine]] of [[France]] ([[1412]] - [[1431]]). | ||
| - | * [[Kazimierz IV Jagiellon]] King of [[Poland]] and Grand Duke of [[Lithuania]] ([[1427]] - [[1492]]). | ||
| * [[François Villon]], French poet (c. [[1431]] - [[1474]]). | * [[François Villon]], French poet (c. [[1431]] - [[1474]]). | ||
| *[[Vlad III Dracula]] , [[List of rulers of Wallachia|Prince of Wallachia]] who led the defense of his territory against the expanding [[Ottoman Empire]] ([[1431]] - [[1476]]). | *[[Vlad III Dracula]] , [[List of rulers of Wallachia|Prince of Wallachia]] who led the defense of his territory against the expanding [[Ottoman Empire]] ([[1431]] - [[1476]]). | ||
Revision as of 07:34, 22 March 2008
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As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500.
Contents |
Fashion
Fashion in 15th century Europe is characterized by a series of extremes and extravagances, from the voluminous gowns called houppelandes with their sweeping floor-length sleeves to the revealing doublets and hose of Renaissance Italy. Hats, hoods, and other headdresses assumed increasing importance, and were swagged, draped, jewelled, and feathered.
As Europe continued to grow more prosperous, the urban middle classes, including skilled workers, began to wear more complex clothes that followed, at a distance, the fashions set by the elites. National variations in clothing seem on the whole to have increased over the century.
Events
- 1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War.
- 1481: Spanish Inquisition begins.
- 1492: Jews expelled from Spain.
- 1492: Christopher Columbus founds Spain's first New World colony on Hispaniola.
- 1494: Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves.
- 1494-1559: The Italian Wars lead to the downfall of the Italian city-states.
- 1497-1499: Vasco da Gama's first voyage from Europe to India and back.
Significant people
- Jan Hus, Bohemian religious thinker and reformer (c. 1369 - 1415).
- Johannes Gutenberg, European inventor of printing with movable type (c.1398 - 1468)
- Joan of Arc, national heroine of France (1412 - 1431).
- François Villon, French poet (c. 1431 - 1474).
- Vlad III Dracula , Prince of Wallachia who led the defense of his territory against the expanding Ottoman Empire (1431 - 1476).
- Mehmed II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Conqueror of Constantinople (1432 - 1481).
- Mir Chakar Khan Rind (1468)-(1565)
- Marsilio Ficino, Significant translator of Plato's works (1433 - 1481).
- Gjergj Kastrioti, Skenderbeg - Albanian Prince who resisted the Ottomans for almost 30 years in the name of the Albanian people and Catholic faith (1443 - 1468).
- Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, Renaissance ruler (1443 - 1490).
- Isabella of Castile, co-ruler of Ferdinand II of Aragon and responsible with him for the unification of Spain (1451 - 1504).
- Christopher Columbus sails to the Americas for Spain (c. 1451 - 1506).
- Richard III of England, last English King of the House of York, last of the Plantagenet Dynasty (1452 - 1485).
- Ferdinand II of Aragon , co-ruler of Isabella of Castile and responsible with her for the unification of Spain (1452 - 1516).
- Leonardo da Vinci, inventor and painter (1452 - 1519).
- Henry VII of England, English King and founder the Tudor dynasty (1457 - 1509).
- Vasco da Gama reaches India for Portugal, creating the first maritime alternative for the Silk Road (c. 1469 - 1524
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
List of 15th century inventions
- Renaissance affects philosophy, science and art.
- Age of Discovery begins.
- Rise of Modern English language from Middle English.
- Introduction of the noon bell in the Catholic world.
- Public banks
- Yongle Encyclopedia - over 22,000 volumes
- Hangul alphabet in Korea
- Scotch whisky
- Psychiatric hospitals
- Development of the woodcut for printing between 1400-1450
- Movable type first used by King Taejong of Joseon - 1403 (Movable type, which allowed individual characters to be arranged to form words, was invented in China by Bi Sheng between 1041 to 1048.)
- Although pioneered earlier in Korea and by the Chinese official Wang Zhen (with tin), bronze metal movable type printing is created in China by Hua Sui in 1490.
- Johannes Gutenberg invents the printing press in Europe (c. 1455).
- Linear perspective drawing perfected by Filippo Brunelleschi 1410-1415
- Invention of the harpsichord c. 1450
- Discovery of America by Christopher Columbus 1492
- First canal lock reportedly built in Vreeswijk, Netherlands in 1481
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