Philosophy of science
From The Art and Popular Culture Encyclopedia
"And, irrespective of what one might assume, in the life of a science, problems do not arise by themselves. It is precisely this that marks out a problem as being of the true scientific spirit: all knowledge is in response to a question. If there were no question, there would be no scientific knowledge. Nothing proceeds from itself. Nothing is given. All is constructed." --Gaston Bachelard (La formation de l'esprit scientifique) |
![This page Philosophy of science is part of the science pages. Illustration: Diagram of the human mind, from Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica, page 217[1] by Robert Fludd](/images/thumb/200px-Diagram_of_the_human_mind,_from_Robert_Fludd_(1574-1637),_Utriusque_cosmic_maioris_scilicet_et_minoris_metaphysica.jpg)
Illustration: Diagram of the human mind, from Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris metaphysica, page 217[1] by Robert Fludd
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Philosophy of science is the study of assumptions, foundations, and implications of science. The philosophy of science may be divided into two areas: Epistemology of science and metaphysics of science.
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See also
- Epistemology
- Foundations of statistics
- History and philosophy of science
- History of science
- Inquiry
- Objectivity (philosophy)
- Philosophy of language
- Philosophy of mathematics
- Philosophy of engineering
- Positivism
- Science studies
- Scientific materialism
- Scientific method
- Scientism
- Social construction
- Sociology of scientific knowledge
- Sociology of science
- Timeline of the history of scientific method
Philosophers of science
Before the 16th century
16th century
17th century
18th century
19th century
1900-1930
- Henri Poincaré
- Pierre Duhem
- Niels Bohr
- Albert Einstein
- Bertrand Russell
- Frank P. Ramsey
- Moritz Schlick
- John Dewey
- Alfred North Whitehead
1930-1960
- Alfred Ayer
- Hans Reichenbach
- Georges Canguilhem
- Alexandre Koyré
- Sir Karl Popper
- Rudolph Carnap
- Michael Polanyi
- Otto Neurath
- Carl Gustav Hempel
- Paul Oppenheim
- Gaston Bachelard
- R. B. Braithwaite
- Werner Heisenberg
- Taketani Mitsuo
- Stephen Toulmin
1960-1980
- Paul Feyerabend
- Mary Hesse
- Thomas Kuhn
- Imre Lakatos
- Ernest Nagel
- Hilary Putnam
- W.V. Quine
- Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker
- Mario Bunge
1980-2000
- Helen Longino
- Sandra Harding
- Patrick Suppes
- Bas van Fraassen
- Nancy Cartwright
- Larry Laudan
- Adolf Grünbaum
- Nancey Murphy
- Wesley C. Salmon
- Ronald Giere
- Peter Lipton
- Ian Hacking
- Richard Boyd
- Ernan McMullin
- Daniel Dennett
- David Stove
- Roger Penrose
- Wolfgang Stegmüller
- Philip Kitcher
- John Dupré
- Elliott Sober
- Peter Godfrey-Smith
Subfields
- Philosophy of biology
- Philosophy of chemistry
- Philosophy of physics
- Philosophy of psychology
- Neurophilosophy
- Philosophy of social sciences
Related topics
- Curve fitting
- Explanation
- Free will and determinism
- Philosophy of mathematics
- Philosophy of space and time
- Problem of induction
- Science Wars
- Simplicity
- Uniformitarianism (science)
- Unobservables
- Rhetoric of science