Hornbook
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| - | '''''The New England Primer''''' was the first [[Reading (process)|reading]] [[Primer (textbook)|primer]] designed for the [[Colonial history of the United States|American Colonies]]. It became the most successful educational [[textbook]] published in 18th century America and it became the foundation of most [[History of education in the United States|schooling before the 1790s]]. | ||
| - | In the 17th century, the schoolbooks in use had been brought over from England. By 1690, Boston publishers were reprinting the ''English Protestant Tutor'' under the title of ''The New England Primer.'' The ''Primer'' included additional material that made it widely popular and colonial schools until it was supplanted by [[Noah Webster]]'s ''Blue Back Speller'' after 1790. | + | A '''hornbook''' is a book that serves as [[primary education|primer]] for study. The hornbook originated in England in 1450 (Huey, Edmund Burke). The term has been applied to a few different study materials in different fields. In children's education, in the years before modern education materials were used, it referred to a leaf or page containing the alphabet, religious materials, etc., covered with a sheet of transparent [[Horn_(anatomy)#Human_uses_of_horns|horn]] (or [[Mica#Isinglass|mica]]) and fixed in a frame with a handle. |
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| + | == Use in United States legal education== | ||
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| + | In [[United States]] [[law]], a hornbook is a text that gives an overview of a particular area of law. A law hornbook is a type of [[legal treatise|treatise]], usually one volume, which could be a briefer version of a longer, multi-volume treatise. Students in American [[law school]]s often use hornbooks as supplements to [[casebook]]s. | ||
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| + | == Use in early childhood education == | ||
| + | In early childhood education, a hornbook was a [[primary education|primer]] for children consisting of a sheet containing the letters of the alphabet, mounted on wood, bone, or leather and protected by a thin sheet of transparent horn or mica. Sometimes the sheet was simply pasted against the slice of horn. The wooden frame often had a handle, and it was usually hung at the child's girdle. The sheet, which was first of [[vellum]] and later of paper, contained first a large cross, from which the horn-book was called the Christ Cross Row, or criss-cross-row. The alphabet in large and small letters followed. The vowels then formed a line, and their combinations with the consonants were given in a tabular form. The usual [[Trinitarian formula]] - "in the name of the Father and of the Sonne and of the Holy Ghost, Amen" - followed, then the [[Lord's Prayer]], the whole concluding with the [[Roman numeral]]s. The hornbook is mentioned in [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[Love's Labour's Lost]]'', act 5, scene 1, where the ba, the a, e, i, o, u, and the horn, are alluded to by Moth: | ||
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| + | :ARMADO. [To HOLOFERNES] Monsieur, are you not lett'red? | ||
| + | :MOTH. Yes, he teaches boys the hornbook. What is a, b, spelt backward with the horn on his head? | ||
| + | :HOLOFERNES. Ba, pueritia, with a horn added. | ||
| + | :MOTH. Ba, most silly sheep with a horn. You hear his learning. | ||
| + | :HOLOFERNES. Quis, quis, thou consonant? | ||
| + | :MOTH. The third of the five vowels, if You repeat them; or the fifth, if I. | ||
| + | :HOLOFERNES. I will repeat them: a, e, I- | ||
| + | :MOTH. The sheep; the other two concludes it: o, U. | ||
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| + | It is also described by [[Ben Jonson]] in his play ''[[Volpone]]'', act 4, scene 2: | ||
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| + | :CORVINO: ... And yet I hope that I may say, these eyes<br>Have seen her glued unto that piece of cedar,<br>That fine well-timber'd gallant; and that here<br>The letters may be read, through the horn,<br>That make the story perfect. | ||
| - | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[Alphabet book]] | ||
| - | *[[Basal reader]] | ||
| - | *[[Hornbook]] | ||
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Revision as of 10:20, 18 January 2011
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A hornbook is a book that serves as primer for study. The hornbook originated in England in 1450 (Huey, Edmund Burke). The term has been applied to a few different study materials in different fields. In children's education, in the years before modern education materials were used, it referred to a leaf or page containing the alphabet, religious materials, etc., covered with a sheet of transparent horn (or mica) and fixed in a frame with a handle.
Use in United States legal education
In United States law, a hornbook is a text that gives an overview of a particular area of law. A law hornbook is a type of treatise, usually one volume, which could be a briefer version of a longer, multi-volume treatise. Students in American law schools often use hornbooks as supplements to casebooks.
Use in early childhood education
In early childhood education, a hornbook was a primer for children consisting of a sheet containing the letters of the alphabet, mounted on wood, bone, or leather and protected by a thin sheet of transparent horn or mica. Sometimes the sheet was simply pasted against the slice of horn. The wooden frame often had a handle, and it was usually hung at the child's girdle. The sheet, which was first of vellum and later of paper, contained first a large cross, from which the horn-book was called the Christ Cross Row, or criss-cross-row. The alphabet in large and small letters followed. The vowels then formed a line, and their combinations with the consonants were given in a tabular form. The usual Trinitarian formula - "in the name of the Father and of the Sonne and of the Holy Ghost, Amen" - followed, then the Lord's Prayer, the whole concluding with the Roman numerals. The hornbook is mentioned in William Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost, act 5, scene 1, where the ba, the a, e, i, o, u, and the horn, are alluded to by Moth:
- ARMADO. [To HOLOFERNES] Monsieur, are you not lett'red?
- MOTH. Yes, he teaches boys the hornbook. What is a, b, spelt backward with the horn on his head?
- HOLOFERNES. Ba, pueritia, with a horn added.
- MOTH. Ba, most silly sheep with a horn. You hear his learning.
- HOLOFERNES. Quis, quis, thou consonant?
- MOTH. The third of the five vowels, if You repeat them; or the fifth, if I.
- HOLOFERNES. I will repeat them: a, e, I-
- MOTH. The sheep; the other two concludes it: o, U.
It is also described by Ben Jonson in his play Volpone, act 4, scene 2:
- CORVINO: ... And yet I hope that I may say, these eyes
Have seen her glued unto that piece of cedar,
That fine well-timber'd gallant; and that here
The letters may be read, through the horn,
That make the story perfect.
