Women in science
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| - | '''Women have made significant contributions to [[science]]''' from the earliest times. Historians with an interest in [[gender]] and science have illuminated the scientific endeavors and accomplishments of women, the barriers they have faced, and the strategies implemented to have their work peer-reviewed and accepted in major scientific journals and other publications. The historical, critical and [[sociology|sociological]] study of these issues has become an academic discipline in its own right. | + | Women have made significant contributions to [[science]] from the earliest times. Historians with an interest in [[gender]] and science have illuminated the scientific endeavors and accomplishments of women, the barriers they have faced, and the strategies implemented to have their work [[peer review|peer-reviewed]] and accepted in major scientific journals and other publications. The historical, critical and [[sociology|sociological]] study of these issues has become an academic discipline in its own right. |
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| + | The involvement of [[Women in medicine|women in the field of medicine]] occurred in several early civilizations, and the study of [[natural philosophy]] in [[ancient Greece]] was open to women. Women contributed to the [[proto-science]] of [[alchemy]] in the first or second centuries AD. During the Middle Ages, [[convent]]s were an important place of education for women, and some of these communities provided opportunities for women to contribute to scholarly research. While the eleventh century saw the emergence of the [[medieval university|first universities]], women were, for the most part, excluded from university education. The attitude to educating women in medical fields in Italy appears to have been more liberal than in other places. The first known woman to earn a university chair in a scientific field of studies, was eighteenth-century Italian scientist, [[Laura Bassi]]. | ||
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| + | Although gender roles were largely defined in the eighteenth century, women experienced great advances in science. During the nineteenth century, women were excluded from most formal scientific education, but they began to be admitted into learned societies during this period. In the later nineteenth century, the rise of the [[women's college]] provided jobs for women scientists and opportunities for education. | ||
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| + | [[Marie Curie]], a [[physicist]] and [[chemist]] who conducted pioneering research on [[radioactive decay]], was the first woman to receive a [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] and became the first person to receive a second [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]. Forty women have been awarded the Nobel Prize between 1901 and 2010. Seventeen women have been awarded the Nobel Prize in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine. | ||
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| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| - | *[[History of science]] | + | * [[African American women in computer science]] |
| - | *[[Index of women scientists articles]] | + | * [[History of science]] |
| - | *[[List of female scientists before the 21st century]] | + | * [[List of inventions and discoveries by women]] |
| - | *[[List of female mathematicians]] | + | * [[Index of women scientists articles]] |
| - | *[[List of female Nobel laureates]] | + | * [[List of female scientists before the 20th century]] |
| - | *[[List of female scientists]] | + | * [[List of female mathematicians]] |
| - | *[[List of organizations for women in science|Organizations for women in science]] | + | * [[List of female Nobel laureates]] |
| - | *[[List of prizes, medals, and awards for women in science|Prizes, medals, and awards for women in science]] | + | * [[Logology (science of science)#Sexual bias|Logology (science of science)]] (sexual bias) |
| - | *[[Timeline of women in science in the United States]] | + | * [[Matilda effect]] |
| - | *[[Women in computing]] | + | * [[List of organizations for women in science|Organizations for women in science]] |
| - | *[[Women in engineering]] | + | * [[List of prizes, medals, and awards for women in science|Prizes, medals, and awards for women in science]] |
| - | *[[Women in geology]] | + | * [[Timeline of women in science]] |
| - | *[[Women in medicine]] | + | * [[Timeline of women in science in the United States]] |
| - | *[[Women in the workforce]] | + | * [[Women in archaeology]] |
| - | *[[Working Group on Women in Physics]] | + | * [[Women in computing]] |
| + | * [[Women in engineering]] | ||
| + | * [[Women in geology]] | ||
| + | * [[Women in chemistry]] | ||
| + | * [[Women in medicine]] | ||
| + | * [[Women in STEM fields]] | ||
| + | * [[Women in the workforce]] | ||
| + | * [[Women in climate change]] | ||
| + | * [[Working Group on Women in Physics]] | ||
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Revision as of 10:49, 9 July 2019
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Women have made significant contributions to science from the earliest times. Historians with an interest in gender and science have illuminated the scientific endeavors and accomplishments of women, the barriers they have faced, and the strategies implemented to have their work peer-reviewed and accepted in major scientific journals and other publications. The historical, critical and sociological study of these issues has become an academic discipline in its own right.
The involvement of women in the field of medicine occurred in several early civilizations, and the study of natural philosophy in ancient Greece was open to women. Women contributed to the proto-science of alchemy in the first or second centuries AD. During the Middle Ages, convents were an important place of education for women, and some of these communities provided opportunities for women to contribute to scholarly research. While the eleventh century saw the emergence of the first universities, women were, for the most part, excluded from university education. The attitude to educating women in medical fields in Italy appears to have been more liberal than in other places. The first known woman to earn a university chair in a scientific field of studies, was eighteenth-century Italian scientist, Laura Bassi.
Although gender roles were largely defined in the eighteenth century, women experienced great advances in science. During the nineteenth century, women were excluded from most formal scientific education, but they began to be admitted into learned societies during this period. In the later nineteenth century, the rise of the women's college provided jobs for women scientists and opportunities for education.
Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactive decay, was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize in Physics and became the first person to receive a second Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Forty women have been awarded the Nobel Prize between 1901 and 2010. Seventeen women have been awarded the Nobel Prize in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine.
See also
- African American women in computer science
- History of science
- List of inventions and discoveries by women
- Index of women scientists articles
- List of female scientists before the 20th century
- List of female mathematicians
- List of female Nobel laureates
- Logology (science of science) (sexual bias)
- Matilda effect
- Organizations for women in science
- Prizes, medals, and awards for women in science
- Timeline of women in science
- Timeline of women in science in the United States
- Women in archaeology
- Women in computing
- Women in engineering
- Women in geology
- Women in chemistry
- Women in medicine
- Women in STEM fields
- Women in the workforce
- Women in climate change
- Working Group on Women in Physics
