International law and Israeli settlements  

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-'''Halamish''' is an [[Israeli settlement]] in the [[West Bank]], located in the southwestern Samarian hills to the north of [[Ramallah]], 10.7 kilometers east of the [[Green Line (Israel)|Green line]]. The [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox Jewish]] community was established in 1977. It is organised as a [[community settlement (Israel)|community settlement]] and falls under the jurisdiction of [[Mateh Binyamin Regional Council]]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Hallamish}}.+The [[international community]] considers the establishment of [[Israeli settlements]] in the [[Israeli-occupied territories]] illegal under international law, because the [[Fourth Geneva Convention]] of 1949 prohibits countries from moving population into territories occupied in a war.
-The settlement of Neveh Tzuf is home to the religious [[Mechina#Religious pre-army Mechina|pre-army Mechina]] Elisha.+==See also==
- +* [[House demolition in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict]]
-The international community considers Israeli settlements [[International law and Israeli settlements|illegal under international law]], but the Israeli government disputes this.+* [[International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict]]
- +* [[Levy Report]]
-==History==+* [[West Bank Areas in the Oslo II Accord]]
-On 16 October 1977, two [[gar'in|groups of settlers]], one religious, calling itself “Neveh Tzuf” and one secular, called “Neveh Tzelah” with a total of 40 families moved into the abandoned former British [[Tegart fort]] building near the Palestinian village [[Nabi Salih]].+
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-The original name of the settlement, Neveh Tzuf, was rejected by the government naming committee, arguing that it might be misleading since the biblical location, Eretz Tzuf, was elsewhere. The naming committee gave the new settlement the official name 'Halamish' instead, and since this was rejected by the settlers, both names are used for the settlement.+
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-==Legal status==+
-The [[Supreme Court of Israel]] has ruled that the land on which Neve Tzuf is built is state-owned land.+
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-==Israeli-Palestinian conflict==+
-Upon the first work preparing the land, residents of the nearby Palestinian village [[Deir Nidham]] went to the [[Supreme Court of Israel]] and claimed ownership of the Havlata Hill, which is now in the centre of Halamish. Based on aerial photos from the turn of the 20th century, showing the disputed land to be barren, and [[Ottoman Empire]] land law specifying that land not worked for over ten years becomes [[Public land#Israel|state land]], the land on that hill was declared state land and freed for settlement constructions. This court ruling became the precedent for future land ownership disputes.+
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-The residents of the nearby Palestinian village of [[Nabi Salih]] regularly protest against what they allege is the takeover of a spring by the settlers of Halamish' however, the spring was declared an "antiquities site" by the Civil Administration; it which is located on private land belonging to inhabitants of Nabi Salih. Residents of Nabi Salih also assert that they are being prevented from working the fields around the spring. The protests have led to violent clashes, with Palestinian youths throwing stones and Israeli forces firing on protesters with [[tear gas]], [[rubber bullets]], and [[water cannons]]. Since the end of 2009, 64 people (13% of the village's population) has been arrested by Israeli forces.+
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-[[Bassem al-Tamimi]], one of the leaders of the protests, who was declared a [[human rights defender]] by the [[European Union]] and a [[prisoner of conscience]] by [[Amnesty International]], has been arrested twelve times to date. On 24 March 2011 he was arrested and charged with incitement, holding a march without a permit, sending youths to throw stones, and perverting the course of justice. After an 11-month military trial, he was cleared of the central charge of incitement and of perverting the course of justice by an Israeli military court, but found guilty of taking part in illegal demonstrations and of soliciting protesters to throw stones largely based on the testimony of two Palestinian youths aged 14 and 15. After being released on bail on 24 April 2012, he was given a 13-month sentence in May 2012, corresponding to the time he had served in prison while awaiting trial.+
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-According to [[Applied Research Institute - Jerusalem|ARIJ]], the southern part of Halamish is built on land confiscated from the [[Palestinian territories|Palestinian]] town of [[Al-Ittihad, Ramallah|Al-Ittihad]].+
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-On 21 July 2017, three Israelis were killed and one severely wounded in [[2017 Halamish stabbing attack|a stabbing attack]] in Halamish.+
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The international community considers the establishment of Israeli settlements in the Israeli-occupied territories illegal under international law, because the Fourth Geneva Convention of 1949 prohibits countries from moving population into territories occupied in a war.

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